► international words

►pseudointernational words or "false

friends of a translator"
►Basic cases of discrepancy of
pseudointernational words meanings
International words are words borrowed from
other languages, such as Greek and Latin,
and modern languages. International words
can appear in any language either by
borrowing it by one language from another,
or when both languages have borrowed the
word from some third language. Such words
are similar in sound, spelling and meaning:
dumping — демпинг; inflation — инфляция.
in physics in in the in in
mathemat radio chemistry medicine
• atom,
ics
proton, • radio, • cation, • influenz
focus • plus, diode, anion, a, virus,
integral, detector amorphi syndro
theorem sm, me
concent
ration
Their translation does not present any difficulties
because the form of the word tells the
necessary word in the translation. However,
sometimes for the same phenomenon there are
two words, one of which is a native Russian and
the other is an international one. In this case,
there may be differences between them in the
use.

industry
промышл индустр
енность ия
Words, similar in sound and
spelling in two languages,
but which have different
meaning.
resin -смола, not «резина»
clay - глина but not клей.
 It
is very important not to rush to
use in translation the word similar
in form to the target word. You
must first make sure that the two
words are identical in this context
and meaning.
 It should be borne in mind that, for example,
two nouns in English and Russian can be
identical in meaning, but the corresponding
adjectives, adverbs and verbs can be
pseudointernational words.
 E.g.: revolutionary changes in tube design -
значительные (радикальные) изменения в
конструкции трубы, but not as
революционные изменения в конструкции
трубы;
 massive tube failures – сильные
повреждения трубы.
 The discrepancy in the subject-logical
content of words
 Three types of such discrepancies are
distinguished.
 1) The English word is much wider in
meaning than a similar in a form Russian
word. E.g., the word «митинг» is used only in
one meaning, whereas a correspondent
English word а meeting may also mean
собрание, заседание, встреча, дуэль и т. д.
 Context usually clearly indicates the
meaning of the translated word, so in
the translation it is necessary only to
verify whether a similar in a form word
in another language has the same
meaning. E.g., balance сальдо,
остаток, а не только “баланс”;
 concrete бетон, а не только
“конкретный”;
 conductor проводник; дирижер, а не
только “кондуктор”.
 2)The Russian word is broader
in meaning than a similar
English word. E.g. auditorium
- аудитория is used only to
mean a room, but not people
listening to any performance.
 3) Russian and English words that are similar
in form have a completely different meaning.
accurate точный, а не аккуратный: actual
действительный, а не актуальный; aspirant
претендент, а не аспирант; bullion слиток
(золота или серебра), а не бульон; clay
глина, а не клей; complexion цвет лица, а
не комплекция; compositor наборщик, а не
композитор.
I. ex. 1- 4 p. 41 – 42
II. International words, ways of formation,
translation
III. Pseudonternational words, ways of
formation, translation
 Хоменко С. А. Основы теории и практики
перевода научно-технического текста с
английского языка на русский: Учеб.
пособие / С.А.Хоменко, Е.Е.Цветкова,
И.М.Басовец. –Мн.: БНТУ, 2004. – 204 с.