How To Extend and Reduce LVM Logical Volume in Linux

24/12/2022, 23:48 How to Extend and Reduce LVM Logical Volume in Linux
How to Extend and Reduce LVM Logical Volume in

Linux
July 19, 2019 by Babin Lonston
 Storage Servers  Logical Volume Management
Table of Contents
Introduction to Extend and Reduce LVM

Extend and Reduce LVM, In our previous guide, we gave gone through how to set up Logical Volume management in Linux
servers. Now we are about to start with how to Extend and Reduce LVM by adding a new disk to existing Volume group in logical
volumes management.
By extending the LVM we will get more space on the fly in our file system without impacting an ongoing production. However, to
reduce the space on a logical volume we can’t perform it online, the file-system should be unmounted to reduce the logical
volume size. Moreover, filesystem reduce/Shrink will support only on ext3, ext4. XFS only supports extending it won’t support
shrink.
For a better understanding of how to perform the Extend and Reduce LVM, we will list out the steps.
Logical volume Series
If you are new to LVM start from our previous article.
1. Create Logical volume management LVM file-system in Linux
2. Extend and Reduce LVM Logical Volume Management in Linux
Extend an (LVM) Logical volume

To extend the logical volume it’s super easy and takes little time, however, we need to make sure we are about to extend the right
logical volume underlying on a Volume group.
1. Add new disks or LUN to the server.
2. Partition the added disk with the type (8e) for LVM.
3. Extend Volume Group with the partitioned disk and get the free physical extents (PE).
4. Expand the size of the Logical volume by adding free PE.
5. Grow the filesystem by running the particular command.
6. Verify the size of the extended filesystem.
Adding New Disk to the Server
Assume we have two disks already in the server. Operating system installed on /dev/sda and /dev/sdb partitioned and used for
/data mount point. Now you need to add more 100 GB under /data mount point. Let see how to go forward.
The Present partition and filesystem mount point will look as below.

https://www.linuxsysadmins.com/extend-and-reduce-lvm-in-linux/ 1/15
[root@client1 ~]# lsblk

NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
|-sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
-sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part
|-centos-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm /
-centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk
-sdb1 8:17 0 100G 0 part
-vg01_data-lv_data 253:2 0 100G 0 lvm /data
sr0 11:0 1 906M 0 rom
[root@client1 ~]#
[root@client1 ~]# df -hP /data/
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data 99G 81G 19G 82% /data
[root@client1 ~]#
In case if you are using SAN storage follow Scanning for attached SAN LUN’s to scan SAN disks.
Prepare/Partition the New Disk for LVM
This article only focusing on Extend and Reduce LVM. However, to prepare the disks refer our existing article FDISK to partition
the disks in Linux
Make sure to use the type of disk as (LVM) by choosing (8e) while creating the partition.
-sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk
-sdb1 8:17 0 100G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 100G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 906M 0 rom
[root@client1 ~]#
[root@client1 ~]#
Creating Physical Volume (PV)

Print the current available Physical volume using “pvs“. Now we have only two physical volumes, /dev/sda holding our operating
system and /dev/sdb used for /data mount point.
[root@client1 ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda2 centos lvm2 a-- <19.00g 0
/dev/sdb1 vg01_data lvm2 a-- <100.00g 0
[root@client1 ~]#
Create the new Physical Volume using /dev/sdc1 partitioned disk.

# pvcreate /dev/sdc1

Above output shows only two Physical volumes, Below output, is after creating new physical volume showing three PVs.
[root@client1 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc1

Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created.
[root@client1 ~]#
/dev/sdb1 vg01_data lvm2 a-- <100.00g 0
/dev/sdc1 lvm2 --- <100.00g <100.00g
[root@client1 ~]#
We are done with creating a physical volume to extend the volume group.
Extend the Volume Group
Now it’s time to extend the existing Volume Group by adding the physical volume created from /dev/sdc1. Let’s list the PV, VG and
get to know the size and more information before starting with extending the VG.
To print the current size of a Physical Volume, Volume Group or to know more information use
# pvs
# vgs
# vgdisplay vg01_data
Extend the size of Volume Group vg01_data by adding a new disk to it.
# vgextend vg01_data /dev/sdc1
We are able to see the free space 100 GB now.

[root@client1 ~]# vgextend vg01_data /dev/sdc1
Volume group "vg01_data" successfully extended
[root@client1 ~]#
[root@client1 ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
centos 1 2 0 wz--n- <19.00g 0
vg01_data 2 1 0 wz--n- 199.98g 99.99g
[root@client1 ~]#
After adding the /dev/sdc1 disk to the volume group (vg01_data) verify by running “pvs” command and we are able to see
/dev/sdc1 used under vg01_data.
/dev/sdb1 vg01_data lvm2 a-- 99.99g 0
/dev/sdc1 vg01_data lvm2 a-- 99.99g 99.99g
[root@client1 ~]#
Verify the extended Volume Group

Run “vgdisplay <vg-name>” to get more information about the volume group.
# vgdisplay vg01_data
Before extending Volume Group

1. A Volume Group can be resizeable/Extendable.
2. Currently residing Logical volume under this VG.
3. The logical volume underuse.
4. Currently the number of Physical volumes used under vg01_data.
5. The number of Physical volumes is used under this Volume Group.
6. The total size of Volume group at the moment.
7. The default size of PE used in this Volume Group.
8. Sum of total PE used under this VG.
9. Allocated PE for the VG.
10. Number of PE available in this Volume Group after extension.
In the above output, we can notice Free PE available under vg01_data are 12799 PE and each PE size is 8 MB. If you need to
extend the logical volume with 100 GB from the current size then you can extend using PE size by running “lvextend” with (-l) or
using Unit size with (-L).
The default size of a physical extend is 4 MB but this Volume Group created with a physical extent of 8 MB so let’s do a small
calculation to understand the clear picture for extending with PE.
8 MB X 12799 PE = 102,392 MB/1024 MB = 100 GB
Extend the Logical Volume

Extend the logical volume with PE size.
While extending don’t forget to use “+” it means adding additional space from the current capacity. And “-l” or “–extents” can
be used to extend a filesystem using PE. Additionally even we can use the suffix “%FREE” to consume the remaining free space
from a Volume Group or in case if you need to use 25% of free space from 100 GB you can use “+25%FREE” examples are
shown below.
# lvextend -l +12799 /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data
# lvextend -l +25%FREE /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data
Once extended the size of Logical Volume (LV) we can use any one of below command to print the information of logical volume.

# lvs /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data
# lvs
[root@client1 ~]# lvextend -l +12799 /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data

Size of logical volume vg01_data/lv_data changed from 99.99 GiB (12799 extents) to 199.98 GiB (25598
extents).
Logical volume vg01_data/lv_data successfully resized.
[root@client1 ~]#
[root@client1 ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root centos -wi-ao---- <17.00g
swap centos -wi-ao---- 2.00g
lv_data vg01_data -wi-ao---- 199.98g
[root@client1 ~]#
To get detailed information about the same LV use

# lvdisplay /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data
After extending the Logical volume

1. The name of the logical volume.
2. Volume group where the LV resides.
3. Logical Volume in reading and write mode.
4. It’s available for ready to use.
5. The present size of logical volume after extend.
6. The number of extends used under this logical volume.
The actual extended size will not reflect until we run the resize2fs / xfs_growfs on the filesystem.
Same thing if we need to extend the logical volume using Unit size then we need to replace small (-l) with a capital (-L) and use +
GB in size, We are showing an example below.
Extend the logical volume using Unit size.
Use “-L” or “–size” options.
# lvextend -L +100G /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data
The Units can be mentioned with MegaByte (MB), GigaByte (GB) and TeraByte (TB).
Resize or Grow the file-system
After completed with extending the logical volume next step is extent the file-system. To extend/grow the FS we required to run
anyone of command and it depends on the filesystem type we are creating.
We have created with an EXT4 filesystem so we need to use the resize2fs command by pointing to the logical volume.
# resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data
[root@client1 ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data

resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data is mounted on /data; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 13, new_desc_blocks = 25
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data is now 52424704 blocks long.
Space has been increased.

-sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk
-sdb1 8:17 0 100G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 100G 0 disk
-sdc1 8:33 0 100G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 906M 0 rom
[root@client1 ~]#
[root@client1 ~]#
If you are using XFS as your filesystem just try to extend the FS by running xfs_growfs by pointing the mount point.
# xfs_growfs /data/
# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data
Verify the size of the extended filesystem

To know the extended filesystem we have multiple options. By running “lsblk” or “df -hP“.

-sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk
-sdb1 8:17 0 100G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 100G 0 disk
-sdc1 8:33 0 100G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 906M 0 rom
[root@client1 ~]#
We have done with extending the filesystem. As we mentioned before extending filesystem is super easy and done on the fly
without unmounting the filesystem.
Click NEXT to continue reading for How to Reduce/Shrink Logical Volume Management.
Reduce LVM | Shrink a Logical volume

As part of Extend and Reduce LVM, Now we are about to see how to reduce the logical volume. In case, if your file system is
created with a number of disks also large but 150 GB is more than enough for your production. The remaining size can be
reduced for another requirement then the shrink will come into the picture.
To reduce an LVM there are several steps we need to follow. First, un-mount the file-system, then need a check for errors. Let’s
list out all the steps we are about to perform for an LVM shrink.
Un-mount the file-system.
Force the e2fsck to check for any errors.
Resize the filesystem to any desired size.
Reduce the logical volume size.
Again run resize to confirm the changes.
Do a force check for file-system error.
Currently, LVM which is about to reduce mounted under /data mount point with 200 GB in total size and 98 GB of free space.
-sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk
-sdb1 8:17 0 100G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 100G 0 disk
-sdc1 8:33 0 100G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 906M 0 rom
[root@client1 ~]#
[root@client1 ~]#

Un-mount the file-system.
# umount -v /data/
Check File-System for errors

Before starting with shrinking a volume we need to make sure whether the file-system is clean without any errors. While the file-
system already in the clean state the “e2fsck” won’t work so we need to force it for a check.
# e2fsck -ff /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data
-ff option to force the file system check even though it’s clean.
While running the check it should pass all the 5 checks. In case any check failed it’s strongly advised to fix it before performing
with LV Shrink.
Output from Shell
[root@client1 ~]# e2fsck -ff /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data: 13/13107200 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 24463708/52424704 blocks
[root@client1 ~]#
Verify the logical volume and underlying volume group to make sure you are reducing the right LVM.
# pvs
# vgs
# lvs
Try to check all information before reducing.

/dev/sdb1 vg01_data lvm2 a-- 99.99g 0
/dev/sdc1 vg01_data lvm2 a-- 99.99g 0
[root@client1 ~]#
[root@client1 ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
centos 1 2 0 wz--n- <19.00g 0
vg01_data 2 1 0 wz--n- 199.98g 0
[root@client1 ~]#
lv_data vg01_data -wi-a----- 199.98g
[root@client1 ~]#
[root@client1 ~]# ls -lthr /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Jul 17 19:27 /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data -> ../dm-2
[root@client1 ~]#
Resize the fileSystem
Now it’s time to reduce the file system by running “resize2fs” to our desired size. Currently consumed size under /data is 91 GB
but the logical volume size is 200 GB for some other requirement we need to reduce 50 GB from the total volume size. So,
after reducing it should be 150 GB.
# resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data 150G
We are able to see the filesystem reduce.

[root@client1 ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data 150G
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data to 39321600 (4k) blocks.
[root@client1 ~]#
Shrink the Logical Volume

Once resize to the desired size by following run “lvreduce” to make the actual logical volume shrink. We are about to use Unit
size (-L) to reduce the logical volume.
Method 1: Reduce with unit Size
# lvreduce -L -50G /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data
lvreduce – command to reduce the Logical volume.

-L to reduce using Unit size.
-50G reducing 50 GB from the current capacity.
/dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data the LV we need to shrink.
Reducing Logical Volume

1. The shrink to our desired size.
2. Confirm by entering “y” to proceed with reducing LVM
3. We have successfully completed
Resize the filesystem after LV Reduce
Once completed with LV reduce next we should run resize command to finalize the filesystem.

resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Check for FS error after LV Reduce

Finally, Once again check for any file system error by running a force check.

All the 5 checks should pass without fail.

e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
[root@client1 ~]#
Mount the filesystem back

Mount the file system back to mount point and print the FS utilization to verify the same.
# mount /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data /data/
# df -hP /data/
# lsblk
Now we can see the reduced volume size to 150 GB.

[root@client1 ~]# mount /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data /data/
[root@client1 ~]#
[root@client1 ~]#
[root@client1 ~]#
-sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk
-sdb1 8:17 0 100G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 100G 0 disk
-sdc1 8:33 0 100G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 906M 0 rom
[root@client1 ~]#
Shrinking a Logical volume using (PE) Extends

Method 2: Reduce with extend Size
In the above steps, we saw reducing logical volume using Unit size (-L) but now let’s walk through reducing a logical volume
using extend size with (-l) option.
Let me try to reduce 50 GB from the current size 150GB. A small calculation from Linux native calculator “bc” will help us to do
this.
1024 MB (1GB) x 50 GB = 51,200 MB


Now we got the total size in MB, divide it using our PE size 8MB so we will get the physical extend of 50 GB.
51,200 MB / 8 PE = 6,400 PE = 50 GB
So, the total physical extend we are going to reduce is 6,400 PE which is equal to 50 GB. Follow all the steps but resizing FS
required only after shrinking the LV.
Unmount the filesystem and force check for file system error
# umount -v /data/

e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
[root@client1 ~]#
Reduce the filesystem using PE

# lvreduce -l -6400 /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data
lvreduce – To reduce the logical volume

-l reducing lv using physical extend’s
-6400 use (-) to reduce the PE
/dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data logical volume to reduce
# lvreduce -l -6400 /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data
WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 99.98 GiB.
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce vg01_data/lv_data? [y/n]: y
Size of logical volume vg01_data/lv_data changed from 149.98 GiB (19198 extents) to 99.98 GiB (12798
extents).
Logical volume vg01_data/lv_data successfully resized.
[root@client1 ~]#
Run the resize command to finalize the reduce.


resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Check the size after LV reduce

# lvdisplay /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data
[root@client1 ~]# lvdisplay /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data

--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg01_data/lv_data
LV Name lv_data
VG Name vg01_data
LV UUID 9Tx1mP-sJTd-TtGu-y0ke-uzDQ-ECKD-CvS6J0
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time client1.linuxsysadmins.local, 2019-07-17 22:16:06 +0530
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 99.98 GiB
Current LE 12798
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
currently set to 8192
Block device 253:2
lv_data vg01_data -wi-a----- 99.98g
[root@client1 ~]#
Finally, mount the filesystem and list the same.

# mount /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data /data/
# df -hP
[root@client1 ~]# mount /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data /data/

[root@client1 ~]# df -hP
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 1.7G 16G 10% /
devtmpfs 412M 0 412M 0% /dev
tmpfs 424M 0 424M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 424M 6.8M 417M 2% /run
tmpfs 424M 0 424M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 142M 873M 14% /boot
tmpfs 85M 0 85M 0% /run/user/0
[root@client1 ~]#
That’s it we have completed with reducing a file system using physical Extends (PE). By completing this guide we are good with
how to perform an Extend and Reduce of LVM.
Continue reading LVM Series: Shrink a Volume Group in Logical Volume Management (LVM)
Conclusion:
Managing logical volume is a very important topic and required in our day to day sysadmin tasks. Understanding LVM is much
required for a good sysadmin. Hope this guide provides you with a brief understanding of Extend and Reduce Logical volume
management. Subscribe to our newsletter for more interesting upcoming topics about LVM. Your feedback and questions are
most welcome and we are happy to assist you.
Previous: Ansible tasks for Sysadmins with 25 examples Next: Shrink a Volume Group in Logical Volume Management
(LVM2)

8 Thoughts On “How To Extend And Reduce LVM

Logical Volume In Linux”
Mahalakshmi Vijayakumar says:
April 30, 2020 at 1:52 pm
Hi Babin Sir,
Thank you for explanation.
—- 16777216 as shown in MB right ?
—- How you calculating this, any study link for this you have? If yes. Please share.
Thank you.
BABIN LONSTON says:

May 1, 2020 at 1:34 am
@Mahalakshmi,
No, we are talking here about Physical Extents (PE). The physical extent in LVM is the blocksize that physical volumes are using. The default
physical extent is 4MB but can range from 8kB up to 16GB (using powers of 2). Logical volumes are made up from logical extents having the
same size as the physical extents. Moreover, the limit of 65k physical extents applies to LVM1 but not LVM2. There are no such limits in LVM2.
In order to know more, please read the man page of ‘vgcreate’, especially the section which talks about the switch ‘–physicalextentsize’.
Mahalakshmi Vijayakumar says:

April 30, 2020 at 2:32 am
Nice Article Sir.
Can you please clear below points.
what is use of increasing extents. by default its 4mb, sometimes we can increase like 8MB etc.
Could you please help me to understand this query?
BABIN LONSTON says:

April 30, 2020 at 4:50 am
@Mahalakshmi
Supports larger VGs. Max PE per PV can be 16777216 in version 2.x VG.
ka10k says:
July 24, 2019 at 3:43 pm
lvextend -r . Resizefs is not necessary.

YEMANAUNG says:
July 23, 2019 at 12:27 pm
support and protect secure system issues for my account.
BABIN LONSTON says:

July 23, 2019 at 12:48 pm
@Yemanaung,
Could you please be clear?
Regards,
Bobin Lonston
Shivdas Kanade says:

July 20, 2019 at 1:02 pm
step by step mentioned. helpful article.
Comments are closed.
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Tried 12966 per your example, got error "failed to import dashboard."
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I followed the procedures and successfully loaded some weird 8081 port configurations needed for the app, however I discovered it…
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24/12/2022, 23:48 How to Extend and Reduce LVM Logical Volume in Linux

How to Extend and Reduce LVM Logical Volume in

Introduction to Extend and Reduce LVM

Extend an (LVM) Logical volume

[root@client1 ~]# lsblk

Creating Physical Volume (PV)

Create the new Physical Volume using /dev/sdc1 partitioned disk.

[root@client1 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc1

We are able to see the free space 100 GB now.

Verify the extended Volume Group

Before extending Volume Group

8 MB X 12799 PE = 102,392 MB/1024 MB = 100 GB

Extend the Logical Volume

[root@client1 ~]# lvextend -l +12799 /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data

To get detailed information about the same LV use

After extending the Logical volume

[root@client1 ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data

Space has been increased.

Verify the size of the extended filesystem

[root@client1 ~]# lsblk

Reduce LVM | Shrink a Logical volume

Check File-System for errors

Try to check all information before reducing.

We are able to see the filesystem reduce.

Shrink the Logical Volume

lvreduce – command to reduce the Logical volume.

Reducing Logical Volume

[root@client1 ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data

Check for FS error after LV Reduce

All the 5 checks should pass without fail.

Mount the filesystem back

Now we can see the reduced volume size to 150 GB.

Shrinking a Logical volume using (PE) Extends

1024 MB (1GB) x 50 GB = 51,200 MB

[root@client1 ~]# e2fsck -ff /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data

Reduce the filesystem using PE

lvreduce – To reduce the logical volume

Run the resize command to finalize the reduce.

[root@client1 ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data

Check the size after LV reduce

[root@client1 ~]# lvdisplay /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data

Finally, mount the filesystem and list the same.

[root@client1 ~]# mount /dev/mapper/vg01_data-lv_data /data/

8 Thoughts On “How To Extend And Reduce LVM

BABIN LONSTON says:

Mahalakshmi Vijayakumar says:

BABIN LONSTON says:

BABIN LONSTON says:

Shivdas Kanade says:

Comments are closed.

jos on How to Configure Sudo email alert

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