SPHERE PROJECT

14-DAY PROVISION OF BASIC NEEDS TO EVACUEES LOCATED AT LAUREL,

BATANGAS BASED ON SPHERE STANDARD DURING THE ALERT LEVEL 3 STATUS
OF TAAL VOLCANO ON MARCH 26, 2022

CONTRIBUTORS:
Essi Anne Kaye Cruzat
Nerissa Fontilar
Mark Andrian Maravilla
Zenaida Ann Miranda
Jhelyn Relopez
I. INTRODUCTION

Taal volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines and is defined as a complex
volcano as it has multiple vents or eruption points. The volcano alone has 47 craters. Other vents
are underneath the Taal lake. Despite its size, it is also considered a dangerous volcano which has
caused fatalities on its previous eruptions. The eruption in 1911 was one of the deadliest as it has
claimed 1,300 lives. Taal volcano is situated in the middle of the Taal lake which fills the Taal
caldera. It is surrounded by municipalities and cities of Batangas and Cavite. The current state of
the volcano has been a concern to a lot of communities due to its proximity to its surrounding
municipalities. The 14-km danger zone has an estimated population of 450,000 people while the
17-km danger zone has an estimate of 930,000 people.

During the 2020 eruption, the alert level of Taal was raised to 4 which meant that a hazardous
explosive eruption is possible. High risk areas identified was within the 14-km danger zone and
those living within this zone needed to evacuate. It erupted again last July 2021 but the eruption
was less severe compared to 2020. By March 26, 2022, the Taal volcano alert level was raised
again to 3. This triggered the evacuation of around 6 barangays of Agoncillo and Laurel identified
to be the nearest to the volcano. The displaced individuals and families were brought and
distributed to different evacuation centers. They stayed there for two weeks and returned back
after Phivolcs lowered the alert level to 2 on April 09, 2022.

II. EVALUATION
Provision of different supplies and services good for 14 days were done to the identified
evacuation centers in Laurel, Batangas. These include food, water, hygiene kits, and other
relevant supplies. Using the SPHERE standard, estimates of the quantities of supplies were
obtained.

A. FOOD PROVISION
Food supplies is estimated per evacuation area. The estimated numbers of families per
area are obtained by dividing the number of individuals by five since the average number
of members in one family is five. For those results in decimal numbers, rounding up were
done.

Sample calculation:
Sta. Maria Elementary School: 727 individuals
No. of families = 727/5 = 145.4 = 146 (rounded up).
 Calculation of the number of food packs were done based on the number of families
estimated per evacuation area. Again, in case of decimal values, numbers will be rounded
up.

Sample Calculation:
Sta. Maria Elementary School:
146 families * 1 food pack / 3 days = 48.67 food packs / day
48.67 food packs / day * 14 days = 681.33 food packs = 682 food packs (rounded up).

Table 1 shows the summary of the number of families and food packs provision per
evacuation site.

No. of Food Packs for 14

No. of No. of Families days
Evacuation Area
Individuals (5 pax / family) (1 food pack / family /
3days)
Sta. Maria Elementary School 727 146 682
As Is Elementary School 729 146 682
San Gabriel Elementary School 873 175 817
San Gregorio Elementary
470 94 439
School
Ticub Elementary School 203 41 192
Dofli 170 34 159
Paliparan Elementary School 82 17 80
TOTAL 3254 653 3051
Table 1. Summary of Food Provisions per Evacuation Area

B. NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS

A food pack contains: (a) 5 kilos of rice; (b) 5 cans of sardines; (c) 5 cans of corned beef;
(d) 5 cans of meat loaf; (e) 5 packs of instant noodles; (f) 12 sachets of instant coffees; (g)
1 tray of eggs; (h) 1 liter of cooking oil

Table 2 shows the nutrient content per food pack.

 5 Kilos of 5 Cans 5 Cans 5 Meat 5 Instant 1 Tray of 12 Instant
Nutrition Facts
Rice Sardines Corned Beef Loaf Noodles Egg Coffee
Calories 1,025 250 550 400 1,150 270 1,320
Fat(g) 2 13 35 15 65 75 36
Cholesterol - 80 - 50 - - -
Sodium(mg) 10 3,000 2,800 2,850 885 1,000 480
Carbohydrates(mg) 223 15 5 50 205 500 240
Protain(g) 22 50 55 50 40 25 12

Table 2. Nutrient Content per food per food pack.

Using table 2, the total nutrients for the 7 evacuation sites were calculated and
summarized in table 3.

Table 3. Summary of Nutrient Content of all Laurel Evacuation Areas

C. SHELTER

A shelter is a basic commodity where families/individuals rely on for protection, peace,

privacy and dignity. At times of disaster, people or community living within highly
susceptible areas most likely be displaced and thus will need shelter to find refuge.
Shelters for temporary settlements must provide sufficient warmth, fresh air, security and
privacy to ensure dignity and well-being. (The Sphere Project)

Computation:
Formula:
No. of FAM = No. of Individuals
Members of FAM

No. of Classroom Required = No. of FAM

Capacity of Classroom

Male Population = Total Population x 30%

Female Population = Total Population x 70%
 Example Computation:
Given Data:
Capacity : 4 families / classroom
20 individuals / classroom

As-Is Elementary School

No. of FAM = 729/5
= 145.8 or 146

No. of Classrooms Required = 146/4

= 36.5 or 37
Male Population = 729 x 30%
= 219
Female Population = 729 x 70%
= 510

Table 4. Summary of the Number of Classrooms Needed per Evacuation Site

Considering the number of displaced population in the municipality of Laurel Batangas,

and with careful consideration on the minimum standards, the figures for shelter
requirement with maximum capacity of 4 household of 5 / or 20 individuals arrived at
thirty-seven (37) classrooms in As Is Elementary School, nine (9) Dofli, five (5) Paliparan
Elementary School, forty four (44) San Gabriel Elementary School, twenty four (24) San
Gregorio Elementary School, thirty-seven (37) Sta. Maria Elementary School and eleven
(11) Ticub Elementary School respectively. Each household will occupy a certain 24sqm
area inside the classroom as private space.

On the other hand, the male and female population totaled two hundred nineteen
(219) and five hundred ten (510) in As Is Elementary School; fifty-one (51) and one
hundred nineteen (119) in Dofli; twenty five (25) and fifty-seven (57) in Paliparan
Elementary School, two hundred sixty two (262) and six hundred eleven (611) in San
Gabriel Elementary School; one hundred forty one (141) and three hundred twenty nine
(329) in San Gregorio Elementary School; two hundred eighteen (218) and five hundred
 nine (509) in Sta. Maria Elementary school; and last sixty five (61) and one hundred fifty
two (142) in Ticub Elementary School, above figures derived from 30% Male and 70%
Female of the total displaced population in reference for toilet requirements per
settlement area.

The lay-out of per classroom is found on figure 1 below.

Figure 1. Layout per Classroom for 4 Families.

D. WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH)

Water and sanitation are one of the component of sphere standards that needs to be
taken into account. Adequate and clean drinking water and sanitation facilities will
prevent health risks to the affected families of Taal eruption.

Water Supply

The matrix below shows the required minimum standards for the water supply of each
evacuation center in Laurel, Batangas.
Table 5. Water Supply Key Indicators Matrix

The Municipality of Laurel, Batangas must have the following water supply indicators to
cater to the needs of each evacuation center:

• 48, 810 liters of potable water per day. The matrix also shows the breakdown of
water needs for water intake, basic hygiene practices and basic cooking needs.

• 14 water points. Each evacuation center has a specific number of water

point/faucet.

• 1,304 water collecting containers with a capacity of at least 7.5 liters each
container

• 7 water tanks. There should be at least 1 water tank in each evacuation center.
The size and capacity of the water tanks can also be considered as to the need of
each evacuation center

• 33 laundry facilities and 68 bathing facilities should be provided to ensure good

hygiene practices
 • Testing of the water quality, filtration or purification should be done.

Hygiene Promotion

Good hygiene practices should also be in place during the evacuation to prevent the
spread of any diseases or illnesses among the evacuees. To ensure this, all the IDPs should
be involved in promoting good hygiene.

The matrix demonstrates the different hygiene requirements as set in the minimum
standard requirement of Sphere.

Table 6. Summary of Basic Hygiene Items

Computations:
Bath soap
Needed bath soap per month = 250 g x no. of individuals inside EC
Needed bath soap per 14 days = (250g/30 days) x 14 days
= 117g x no. of individuals inside EC

Laundry soap
Needed laundry soap per month = 200 g x no. of individuals inside EC
Needed laundry soap per 14 days = (200g/30 days) x 14 days
= 93g x no. of individuals inside EC

Toothpaste
Needed toothpaste per month = 75 ml x no. of individuals inside EC
Needed toothpaste per 14 days = (75 ml/30 days) x 14 days
= 35 ml x no. of individuals inside EC

Shampoo
Needed shampoo per month = 250 ml x no. of individuals inside EC
Needed shampoo per 14 days = (250 ml/30 days) x 14 days
= 117ml x no. of individuals inside EC

The Municipality of Laurel, Batangas must have the following essential hygiene item
indicators to cater to the needs of each evacuation center:

Basic hygiene Items

• 813,500 grams of bath soap monthly or 380,718 grams good for 14 days
• 650,800 grams of laundry soap monthly or 302,622 grams good for 14 days
• 3,254 pcs of washable cotton cloth

Additional hygiene items subject to availability

• 244,050 ml of toothpaste monthly or 113,890 ml good for 14 days
• 3,254 pcs of toothbrush good for 1 month.
• 813,500 ml of shampoo monthly or 380,718 ml for good 14 days
• 3,254 pcs of a disposable razor, comb, and nail clippers good for 1 month.
• Soap and water at a handwashing station (one station per shared toilet or one per
household); and
• Disaggregated data is needed to specify the number of children using diapers and
Potties. Need also the number of menstruating age for the provision of underwear
 and sanitary napkins. The number of individuals with incontinence for the
provision of additional hygiene items.
• The WASH team should initiate hygiene promotion activities and monitor
practices.

Excreta Management

Safe excreta management is a WASH priority especially in crisis situation. Uncontrolled

human defecation particularly in a densely populated areas poses high risk to health.
According to the SPHERE standard, the ratio in providing excreta facility in an evacuation
center is 1 shared toilet to a maximum of 20 people. Hence, the number of
latrines/portalets identified per evacuation center is based from this standard ratio and
the total number of individuals per evacuation center. A standard portalet has an average
of 60 gallons (227.125 liters) of excreta capacity and each individual can generate an
average of 2 liters of excreta in a day. Given these estimates, the average frequency of
siphoning per portalet is calculated to one to two times per week. Significant excreta
management standards in terms of distance, usage by gender and other considerations
were specified under key indicators.

Another important aspect that should not be taken for granted in an evacuation center is
the proper handling and disposing of organic and inorganic solid waste. Solid waste
management is as important as the excreta management. It may be hazardous especially
to health as it can create breeding place for vectors and pollute water surface and air. A
standard of 100-liter container per 40 households or equivalent to 200 individuals should
be placed 15 meters from the evacuation center. The number of trashcans to be provided
per evacuation center is calculated based from the SPHERE standard divided by the
number of individuals accommodated per evacuation center.

Summary of the number of portalets and trashcans are found on tables 7 and 8.
Table 7. Number of Latrines / Portalets and Frequency of Siphoning Per Evacuation Area

Table 8. Number of Trashcans Per Evacuation Area

E. CONCLUSION

Given that Taal Volcano is active and most likely to erupt soon. It is recommended for the
local government and all other humanitarian organizations to be prepared with
continuous information, education and communication campaigns for community
readiness in terms of evacuation procedures, what to bring and what to do.
Communications equipment and transportation must always be on stand-by. It is also
recommended to establish alternative shelters in place with stockpiles of food and non-
food items in check for the displaced population. And carefully planned interventions for
rehabilitation and recovery must be ready for dispatch all the time.

F. REFERENCES

BBC News: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-51087672

Philippine Red Cross, Emergency Response Final Report_2022 Taal Volcano Eruption

Handbook.spherestandards.org. 2022. The Sphere Handbook | Standards for quality

humanitarian response. [online] Available at:
<https://handbook.spherestandards.org/en/sphere/#ch008> [Accessed 3 June 2022].