4 g tists Ear 4.1 Problem: What office is responsible for zoning of their respective jurisdictions and final land use and zoning planes to be submitted to HLURB (Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board) for approval? a) Municipal Planning and Development Office (MPDO) b) City Planning Development Office (CPDO) c) Provincial Planning Development Office (PPDO) 3% g) Allof the above 1.2 Problem: _ | The ; following elements are to be considered when planning Expressways: |, No frontage access 1. Development set well back from the highway lll, Grade separated intersections for extremely high flows and other Wi intersecting expressways |. Number of intersect minimize ome © te V. Where necessary or for emergent purposes, parking/stopping . te provided clear of the main carriageway. a) 1,11, Vand Y oni b) WMV and V only ¢) AI, Wand V only "Sq Allof the above 1.3 bs Problem: National Roads are continuous in extent that form part of the main trunk line system; all roads leading to national ports, national seaports, parks or coast-to-coast roads. National arterial roads are classified into different groups from the viewpoint of function: a) _North-south backbone b) East-West Laterals c) Other Strategic Roads a g) Allofthe above The elements to consider when planning National Roads are: |. Limited frontage access ment set well back from the Il. Developt highway Ill, All access to premises provided via provincial roads Iv. Number of intersections to be minimized V. Suitable at-grade channelized intersections for minor flows and other elements Vi. No roadside vendors a) 1,1, Vand VI only b) Hi, Ill, Vand VI only c) All, land V only ua g) Allof the aboveeer" eee 15 Problem: around communities are res aimed at improving ucing the volume of through the community. Where a ustified, the most important Bypasses countermeasu safety and red! traffic inside bypass can be j considerations are: |. The opportunity should be taken to reinforce the road hierarchy by downgrading the old road to discourage through traffic; 1, Access to the bypass should be restricted to only a few points where safe intersections and spur roads can be provided to line the existing network. Direct access from frontage land should not be permitted; Ill. Provisions should be left for future expansion oF development of the community but such developments should be served by service roads and spur roads. a) Land Il only b) and lll only ¢) Iland Ill only c= d) All of the above 1.6 Problem: ze Where a bypass cannot be justified, e implemented countermeasures should bi to slow down the speeds of through traffic as it passes through the community oF trading centers as follows: 1. Warning signs and rumble strips can be used to alert drivers about speed: reducing devices ahead; I, A serias of road humps increasing in ym 40 mm to around 80 mm height fro' can be used gradually to slow down traffic in pedestrian predominated area; IN. Road narrowing (with due regard for be used to induce capacity needs) can as traffic passes lower speeds through the community; and; In order to alert drivers that they are entering a community, it is generally regarded that some form of gateway treatment on the approaches is beneficial (€.9., substandard curve, tree lining, or even non-rigid gate structure). I, land IV only 11, Nand IV only |, llland IV only All of the above a) b) 7] cS d) 7 Eonar When choosing 2 design speed for a road project, the following factors need to be considered: . Function of the road i. Anticipated ‘operating speed MM. ‘Anticipated speed limit IV. Economics a) Illand IV only ) Th land IV only c) I, llland WV only c® g) Allofthe above s 1.8 Problem: ry roads with no “blind On open count closely bordered by corners” not habitation, the maximum speed fe for passenger cars and motorcycles is: oS" a) 80 kph b) 60 kph c) 40 kph d) 30kphProblem: 1.9 i “blind On open country roads with no corners” not closely bordered by habitation, the maximum speed for motor trucks and buses is: 50 kph 30 kph a) 25kph ce ¢) b) 60 kph d) 1.10 Problem: On “through streets” or boulevards clear of traffic, with no “blind corners” when so designated, the maximum speed for Passenger cars and motorcycles is: a) 25kph SF ¢) 40kph b) 60 kph d) = 30kph 4.11 Problem: On “through streets” or boulevards clear of traffic, with no “blind corners” when so designated, the maximum speed for motor trucks and buses is: a) 25 kph ¢) b) 40 kph 20 kph &S gq) 30kph 1.12 Problem: On city and Municipal streets, with light traffic, when not designated ‘through streets’, the Maximum speed for Passenger cars, motorcycles, motor trucks and buses is: a) 25kph ©) 40 kph [Sb 30 kph d) 60kph 1.43 Problem: Through cr fowded Streets, intersections at “blind corners” School zones pas: + Passin, sing other Vehicles whit are stationary, of for similar da eo circumstances, ‘e the maximum 5 Passenger cars, motor, Peed for and buses is: OFCyCles, motor trucks a) 25kph ©} 30 kph EF py ° 20 kph 4) 40 koh 1.14 Problem: The maximum Speed for cars and motorist in high-risk pedestrian areas is: a) 25kph =O gy b) 50 kph a) 30 kph 40 kph The maximum speed for cars and motorist in low-risk pedestrian areas is: 25 kph c) a) Sieh 45 kph b) 30 kph a) | 4.16 Problem: i ds where limit appropriate on roa toe oo footpaths and pedestrians are required to walk on the road is: ; kph c) 35 kph = oon dy 25 kph b)4.17 Problem: The speed limit appropriate on a high standard duplicated carriageway road where there is only occasional access from adjoining properties is: a) 50 kph b) 30 kph c) 60 kph CF qd) 80kph 4.18 Problem: The speed limit appropriate on a very high standard expressways, which have low crash rate is: 100 kph a) 45kph os ¢) 75 kph b) 60 kph d) 449 Problem: At the start of a new speed zone, speed limit sign should be erected on the left and right sides of the road. Then within the first kilometer, there should be two (2) farther pairs of repeater speed limit signs. After that, repeater signs should be placed at ____ spacing. cS g) 1km c) 500m b) 2km dé) 1.5km 1.20 Problem: The speed limit appropriate on lower standard expressways. a) 500or 60 kph b) 60 or 75 kph c) 90or 400 kph tx gy 800r90 kph 1.21 Problem: It is the maximum number of vehicles, which have a reasonable expectation of passing over a given section of a lane or a roadway in one direction or in both directions during one hour under prevailing road and traffic conditions. a) Flow of traffic EF p) Road capacity c) Density d) Free flow (4.22 Problem: The capacity of a route can be affected by the following factors: |. Number of lanes Il, Lane and shoulder width mn Terrain and road gradient IV. Traffic composition V. Side friction such as the presence of road furniture and pedestrians VI. Intersection capacity (priority of movements, traffic signal phasing, number of lanes etc.) a) I,Il, llland lV only b) Ii, Ill, Vand VI only c) I IV, Vand Vi only ES g) Allofthe above | 1.23 Problem: Ideal capacity of a road is: ©S° a) 2000vph b) 1800 vph c) 1400 vph d) 1200 vph/ 1.24 Problem: The specific location of turnouts shall be determined taking into consideration the following conditions: |. Turout shall be | placed at locations/poblacions where pedestrians are normally concentrated. I. A turnout may be placed at least 50.0 meters after a road intersection. ill. Minimum distance between two consecutive turnouts in one direction shall not be less than 500 meters in cities/urban centers. In other areas, the minimum distance shall not be less than 1 kilometer, 'V. Turnouts should be placed on or adjacent to horizontal and vertical Curves that limits the sight distances in either direction. a) |, Il, and IV only b) I tlland Iv "= c) |, Mand iil only d) Allof the above The required length of the turnout shall be determined considering a length of meters for each bus. a a) 150 c) 16.0 b) 14.5 d) 15.5 1.26 Problem: Turnouts shail have @ minimum width of to accommodate ali types of vehicles, a) 4.00 c) 3.80 eS b) 3.60 4) 4.20 1.27 Problem: Turnouts shall not be placed opposite @ac| other but shall be Placed not less than " meters apart, a a) 315 c) 305 "Fb 300 a) 31.0 1.28 Problem: The pavement thickness of turnout shall no case be less than ___ for asphalt. a) 75mm oF ©) = 100mm b) 150 mm d) 200mm (1.29. Problem: The pavement thickness of turnout shall no Case beless than for concrete. a) 250mm c) © b) 230mm d) 150 mm 200 mm [4.30 Problem For adequate drainage of surface run-off, drainage facilities such as curb and gutter, inlets and storm sewer shall be provided within the turnout. The following shall be observed: | The cross slope of the turnout shail be 0.50% steeper than the cross slope of the adjacent lane of the existing carriageway. ll. The gutter alongside the turnout shall have the same slope as the existing carriageway. lll. On carriageway with existing storm sewer, tha turnout shall be provided with i (spacing of 20.0 meters) and connecting pipes to the existing sewer.carriageways with no level existing storm sewer, the gutter alongside the turnout shall be sloped Iv. On to 0.30% a) |, land IV only b) Hl, Il and IV only c) |, llland IV only t% gd) Allofthe above 1.31 Problem: The following are vulnerable road users: |. Pedestrians Il. People with disabilities Il. Non-motorized vehicles IV. Motorcycles V. _ Dilapidated vehicles ca a) 1, i, itand Vonly b) I, Illand IV only c) LMI and V only d) Allofthe above 1.32 Problem: a) near intersections. can of turning traffic. Thus, prohibited within the distances from the Vehicles parked obstruct the flow parking should be following minimum boundaries of intersecting roads for parallel parking - __ m. on both approach and exit sides. ty 6 b) 5 3 4) 8 eS 1.33 Problem: Vehicles parked near intersections can obstruct the flow of turning traffic. Thus, parking should be prohibited within the following minimum distances from the boundaries of intersecting roads for angle m, on both approach and parking - exit sides. a) 10 Te co 12 b) 6 4) 6 1.34 » Problem: The following guidelines observed for angle parking: |. The word “Angle Parking” shall be indicated on the parking signs as well as the angle of parking to the curb. il. Pavement marking of parking bays is desirable, particularly where the required angle is not 45 to 90 degrees. Il Angle parking shall not be installed where visibility restrictions would create a hazardous operating environment, such as the inside ofa bend or on a crest. a) land ll only b) Land Ill only c) Mand Ill only cS q) Allof the above should be [4.35 Problem: When considering parking adjacent to barrier lines the following factors should be considered: |. If parking maneuvers can be made clear of through lanes. Generally, at least 3 meters needs to be available for moving traffic between the parked vehicle and the barrier line for a single lane of traffic.i The Joss of capacity during parking maneuvers if the maneuvers are not completely clear of through lanes. Wl, The safety and potential of vehicles crossing the barrier line to pass a vehicle in a parking or unparking maneuver even though this is an unlawful maneuver. a) land Ilonly b) Land Ill only ¢) — Iland Ill only Ea dg) Allofthe above 1.36 Problem: The first aim of safe road design is to ensure that road users remain safely on the road. This depends on the following factors: |, a Sound road surface; i. an adequate width or cross-section; Wl. horizontal and vertical alignment; WV. good visibility/sight distance; V. delineation and signing; Vi. provision for Pedestrians, pedal cyclists and people with disabilities; Vil, management of traffis intersections; and Vill. speed management i¢ conflicts at a) IU Mllang Vi only b) ILIV, V, Vitand Villonly ¢) LVM and Vil only cS d) Allof the above required to brake gr 0 maneuver suddenly such as: meas |. On the approach to i t Arona traffic signals - Around tight curves 'V. On downhiti slopes 3) |, land lit only 6) ilkand iv only HM and tv only Alll of the above 2, ) nn and IV only a WIV and V only ) All of the above ce Shoulder paving is a val providing: ig valuable method of I. I. MM. WV. ce 4. Integrity of the pavement Width to place edgeline pavement markings Additional ‘safety to prevent vehicles skidding or drivers losing contro! in gravel Low maintenance costs compared with unpaved shoulders a) I land Ill only b) I, Ilan IV only c) Ii, llland IV only d) Allof the above 1.50 Problem: Types of curb & gutter: |. Barrier curb & gutter I. Barrier curb Ill. Mountable/drop curb & gutter IV. Mountable/drop curb a) |, Iland Ill only b) |, Iiland IV only c) I Hand IV only 0 g) Allofthe above 1.51 Problem: Types of curb suited for the ed traveled way where it is ge of the generally considered that drivers should not mount the curb or sidewalk. This types are us for generally lesi areas where operating speeds are s than 60 kph and where parking of vehicles is allowed. w a) Barrier curb & guiter b) Barrier curb c) — Mountable/drop curb & gutter d) — Mountable/drop curb —_—_—_ 4.52 Problem: Types of curb that provide less vaulting of the errant vetticle on impact with the curb, less likelihood of the driver losing control and less damage to occupants of the vehicles compared to barrier curbs. This type shall be used for all traffic istands, medians and the right side of the roadway where operating speeds are greater than 60 kph. a) Barrier curb & gutter b) Barrier curb c) Mountable/drop curb & gutter tS qd) Mountable/drop curb 4.53 Problem: | They are essential part of any road that is not on fill and must be incorporated into the road cross-section. These are designed to accommodate the expected rainfall but can often be hazardous to vehicles that run off the road. = a) Longitudinal drainage ditches b) Transverse drainage ditches c) Drop curb and gutters d) — Shoulder 1.54 Problem: | The most important criteria to consider to avoid safety hazards created by the drainage ditches is the actual reconnaissance survey during wet whether to identify the natural run-out locations. Slopes on the side nearest the road should not be steeper than and preferable flatter as this will minimize accident Severity. The slope farthest from the road May be as steep as the ground will permit, eS oy 31 d) 441 a) 15:1 b) 24 | 1,55 Problem: A pedestrian bridge adjacent to the bridge used by vehicles can be an option where insufficient width is available for pedestrians. This can be cantilevered off the structure of the road bridge A minimum width of should be provided, although it may need to be wider for the higher pedestrian and cycle volumes. 2m 15m a) 18m ¢) b) 12m [Fd —_—_—— 1.56 Problem: They are lane in flat to rolling terrain, which are used to break up platoons of traffic and to improve traffic flow over a section of road. A series of such auxiliary lanes for both directions of traffic can greatly improve traffic flow and driver satisfaction. a) _ Line lanes b) Climbing lanes 6S ¢) Overtaking lanes d) Auxiliary lanes | 4.57 Problem: A special form of overtaking lane but they are only provided on inclines where truck speeds fall to 40 kph or less and upgrade pa flow rate in excess of 20 vehicles per jour. © a) Climbing lanes b) Tapered lanes c) Ramps d) — Diverging lanes4.58 CE Board May 2016 lanes and design of overtaking ninbing lanes requires the consideration of the: |, _ Initial diverge taper 11. Auxiliary lane length i, End or merge taper a) land ILonly b) land lil only c) tland lil only r= q) Allof the above 459 Problem: A very short section of fully constructed shoulder or added lane that is provided to allow slow vehicles to pull aside and be overtaken. It differs from an overtaking lane due to its short length, different signing and that the majority of vehicles = not encouraged to travel in the right ine. a) Climbing lanes <= pb) Turnout c) — Diverge lanes d) Merge lanes 1.60 Problem: Turnout is a very short sec! tion of full Constructed shoulder or added lane that is eeoioed to allow slow vehicles to pull ‘ le and be overtaken. The length of urnout lanes for an average approach ‘speed of 30 kph is equal to: a) 180m c) 50m ce b) 60m d) 200m 41.641 Problem: Where long steep grades occur, it is desirable to provide emergency escape ramps. There are to be located to slow or stop an out of control vehicle away from the main traffic stream. Out of controt vehicles result from drivers losing control of their vehicle. The following are the types of escape ramps: |. Sand Pile ll. Descending Grade Ill. Horizontal Grade Iv. Ascending Grade a) |, land Ill only b) |, Hlland IV only c) I, Iiland lV only I= qg) Allofthe above Delineation of the road alignment needs [0 be considered as part of the design process to ensure that adequate guidance is provided to road users. Delineation is generally provided by the use of the following devices: 1. Pavement Markings i. Signs Ill, Guide posts Iv. Reflective delineators v. Lighting vi. Curb or other physical devices a) Wit and IV only b) th ll, Vand VI only c) | Iv, Vand Vi only ue gq All of the above1.63 Problem: An intersection is the junction where two road either cross or meet. The types of intersections that generally exist on the road network are: 1. Unflared and unchannelized intersections (without widening or traffic islands) i. Flared and unchannelized intersections (with widening but without traffic islands) and I. Channelized _ intersections islands to guide traffic) IV. Multiple intersections (traffic c= g) J, andi! only b) |. Ill and IV only c) i, Illand \V only d) Allofthe above Common types of intersections are: |. Cross-intersections ll. T-intersections Il, Y-intersections IV. Other mutti-legged junctions V. Roundabouts a) 11, Illand IV only b) I. llland lV only c) Lt, Wand Vonly te gy All ofthe above 1.65 Problem: The figure shown is one type of a highway or road intersections at grade. This is Commonly known as - C3 9) parallel type of 4 leg intersection b) _unchannelized intersection c) — muttileg intersection . d) flared type of intersection | 1 .66 Problem: The figure shown is one type of a highway intersection at grade which is commonly known as: ee ee oS a) flared type of 4 leg intersection b) _unchannelized intersection c) _ parallel type of 4-leg intersection d) — mutti-leg intersection 1.67 Problem The figure shown is one type of a highway intersection at grade, which is commonly known as: ©" a) multi-leg intersection b) — unchannelized intersection ¢) flared type intersection d) parallel type of intersection1.68 Problem: The figure shown is one type of a highway intersection at grade which is commonly known as: JLo lf a) multi-leg intersections b) _ flared type intersections ®S ¢) unchannelized intersection d) parallel type intersections 1.69 Problem: The figure shown is one type of highway intersections at grade which is commonly known as: a @) channelized y-intersection b) rotary intersection "© o) 3 leg intersecti lon with y-turni j roadways y "0 ) four leg cha int i nnelized — type 1.70 Problem: | The fi @ figure shown is one of highway | intersections i known as: “Grade which ig commonly @) channelized intersection b) channelized y-intersection ¢) flared intersection 3 leg intersection 1.71 Problem: The figure shown is one type of highway intersections at grade, which is commonly known as: l| } ZEN SF5,.-- | Vf a) y-with turning roadways "3 b) 4leg channelized ~—_—type intersection ¢) rotary intersections roundabout d) channelized y-intersection [4.72 Problem: The figure shown is one type of highway intersections at grade which is commonly known as: 68 a) channelized y-intersection b) — y-with turning roadways rotary type intersection 5 4-eg channelized intersection og[4:73 frontem: The figure shown is one intersection at grade we of Highway known as | monly } /|\ BX a) _ rotary intersections roundabout 6 ) 4-leg channelized type ¢) — mult-leg intersection d) flared type intersection 4.74. Problem: | The figure shown is one type of highway intersections at grade which is commonly known as: JN ae) a WV, a) clover leaf b) partial clover leaf c) — directional interchange = g) rotary intersections roundabout 1.75 Problem: Principles of good design to reduce the likelihood of traffic accidents include: Minimize the speed of vehicles at potential collision points d points of Separate movements an‘ conflict by channelization, Of in some situations, prohibit —_certain movements (and provide for them at other intersections along the route) M. Control movements to reduce the Possibility of conflict and Clearly define vehicle paths by use of Pavement markings a) |, and Ill only b) I, and lV only ©), Mland |v only Fd) Allof the above |4.76 Problem Traffic can be controlled at intersections by traffic control device such as |. Regulatory signs I. Traffic signals II Roundabouts a) land Hlonly b) Land Ill only c) land Ill only 5S d) Allof the above (4.7 | Problem Signs facing the minor road approaches at an Intersection are used to give priority to the major road. a) thru street signs b) fast moving vehicles ahead signs uc) stop or give way signs d) slow down signs 1.78 Problem Purpose of traffic signals placed on controlled intersections is to: |. Separate vehicle movements in time. This minimizes conflicts.I Minimize delays at an intersection Il, Enable vehicles from a side road to cross or enter the major road IV. Assist pedestrians in crossing the road a) |, land Ill only b) |, Iland WV only c) Ii, Illand IV only t= q) Allof the above “4.79 Problem A conflict point occurs where two travel paths interact or cross. Safe intersection design uses the following principles: |. Minimizing the number of conflict points Il. Minimizing the area of conflict Ill. Separating points of conflict IV. Giving preference to major movements V. Minimizing relative speed of conflicting movements a) 1, Il, Illand IV only b) |, Ill and IV only c) I, Ill, [Vand V only C= d) Allof the above 1.80 Problem The speed of vehicles through an intersection depends on the following: | Alignment I. Road environment lil. Traffic volume and composition \V. Traffic control devices a) | tland Ill only b) 1, Mand IV only c) Il Ill and IV only "8" d) All of the above EE 1.81 Problem Low relative Speed igs intersections can be obtained ‘has at I Choosing a layout where Conflicting Movements cross at angles ke i Or equal to 90 degrees eee iees | Providing a layout or alignment that is slows down approaching vehicles . Providing declaration lanes a) land il only b) land Il only c) Mand Ill only SS qd Allof the above [4.82 Problem The safety of an intersection can be improved by provision of right and left auxiliary turning lanes. Turning lanes also improve intersection capacity and traffic flow. They are particularly important if the volume of traffic making these moves is high or if the through or oncoming traffic flows are high. Provision for turning lanes can generaily be provided in the following ways: 1. Shared turning and through lane Il, Flaring and tape Ill, Separate lane for deceleration and storage IV. Establishment of a traffic island us a) |, Mandiil only b) |, Illand IV only c) Ll, Wand IV only d) All of the above 1.83 Problem @ Right turn slip lanes ar minimize the delays for wight P vehicles and to make the ig) movement easier and safer. — provided 10 it turning te turnA traffic island is provided with this treatment to Guide traffic into defined paths Separate through, turning and opposing traffic movements Give advance warning of the intersection to approaching drivers Provide refuge for pedestrians WV. V. Prohibit undesirable or unnecessary traffic movements a) |, l, Illand IV only b) |, Hlland IV only c) |, lll Vand V only c= g) Allof the above 1.84 Problem 2 ge The types of slip lane arrangements are: High entry angle slip lane Free flow slip lane Slow entry angle slip lane tc a) Jandilonly b) land Ill only ¢) Mand Ilonly 4) Allof the above 1.85 Problem One of the safes! t type of intersection treatments. te g a) _T-intersection b) _ Y-intersection roundabout d) cross intersection 1.86 Problem Roundabouts may be appropriate in the following situations: os | BF qd) Allof the above 1.87 Problem _ | Roundabouts may not be appropriate in th following situations: At intersections with high accident rates When physical control of speed is desirable When the flows on each approach are balanced and capacity analysis indicates. that volumes can be managed When the volume of left turners is significant If traffic signals may be inefficient e.9- due to a large number of phases For multi-legged intersections a) |, li, Illand IV only b) Hill, IV and Vi only c) I, 1V,Vand Vi only Where satisfactory geometric design cannot be provided due to insufficient space of unfavorable topography Where unbalanced flows with high volumes are on one or more approaches Where a major road intersects a minor road and a roundabout would result in unacceptable delay to the major road Where there is considerable pedestrian activity and due to high traffic volumes it would be difficult for pedestrians to cross at the intersection a) Ill, and IV only b) Il, Illand IV only c) |, Illand IV only d) All of the abovei m roundabout should be generally urban areas a) 50 kph c) 80 kph Ez pb) kph ¢) 70 kph 1.89 Problem The maximum design speed through roundabout should be no greater than _ in rural areas. a) 60kph Ec) 50kph b) 70kph d) 40 kph 1.90 Problem Things to avoid in a design of a roundabout: |. Straight approaches on high-speed roads Central island too small to provide deflection I. Unbalanced traffic flows 'V. Splitter islands ES a) |, land ill only b) I. Mlland IV only ¢) Ii, Iland IV only ¢) — Allof the above 1.91 Problem The first objective in road Safety is to keep toad users safely on the road pavement with a reasonable width, a sound road Surface, a predictable alignment and jood delineation and signs. . . Et However, i must be recognized that di ang Nders are only human and will sometimes make mistakes and lose control of their vehicles. The reasons that they might lose control are many, for example: L Excessive speed i Fatigue or inattention Wi. Alcohol or drugs 'V. Road condition a) I, Hand lll onty d) |. Hikand IV only c) I iland IV only ES gd Allof the above 1.92 Problem Some typical road environment hazards are Poles Trees Steep side slopes Water courses, dams Culvert endwalls Fences and encroaching buildings Bridge piers and abutments . speed management sss<25F7 a) |, I Il and Vi only b) Ii til, Vand Vil only ¢) HL IV, Vand VI only ES dg) Allof the above 1.93 Problem The options for treating roadside hazards are: |. Remove the hazard teat Il. Move the hazard outside the © roneHL ce as Moc:ly the hazard $6 dangerous Replace the hazard wi e hi with that is nct so dangerous Something Shield the hazard wi system with a barrier that it is not so a) b) and IV only and V only id V only d) Allofthe above c) sll 1.94 Problem They are used to shield errant vehicles from running into hazards that cannot be relocated or made more frangible. ts a) roadside poles b) roadside barriers c) _ frangible wooden posts d) drivable culvert end 1.95 Problem In accordance with the National Corporative Highway Research Project 350 (NCHRP350) procedures, there are six test levels to provide a range of restraint requirements and impact severity conditions. The criteria is based on: M te Structural adequacy of the barrier system Occupancy risk and velocity and ride down limits Vehicle trajectory after impact the impact acceleration a) land Ilonly b) tand Il only ¢) Wand Ill only d) All of the above te 1.96 Problem Different systems; ‘ypes of road. safety barrier |. Flexible wi it syle ire Rope Safety Barrier I. Semi Rigi Systems II Rigid Systems IV. Road Work Systems a) |, land Illonly b) |, llland IV only ©) Il, Mand IV only "Fd Allofthe above 1.97 ‘Problem The location safety barriers in the vicinity of curb and gutter is to be considered Carefully. If curb and gutter is essential in high-speed locations, the face of curb should be located: |. At least 3 m from the face of concrete safety barriers Il, At least 3 m from W-beam and wire rope safety barriers for concrete barrier curb Ill At least 3.0 m from W-beam safety barrier or wire rope safety barrier for concrete mountableldrop curb & gutter - IV. In areas where the operating speed is less than 70 kph, an offset of 0.2 to 0.3 m can be tolerated to minimize damage to vehicles a) I, lland Illonly b) |, land 1V only c) Ii, Hand IV only e® g) Allofthe above4.98 CE Board May 2016 The warrant for the use of safety barriers can be established considering: Fore slope or back slope steepness. and height Unforgiving hazards within the clear zone Water hazards within the clear zone a) land Ilonly b) land Ill only c) Hand Ill only ES qd) Allof the above 499 Problem Device mounted on a fixed support (permanent signs) or portable support (temporary signs) whereby a specific Message is conveyed by means of words or symbols placed or erected for the Purpose of regulating, warning or guiding traffic. @) Roadwork signs 5) Overhead signs "= c) Traffic signs 9) Special instruction Signs 1.100 Problem Signs that inform road users of traffic laws and regulations which, if disregarded, will constitute an offense. 4) — Roadwork signs us p Regulatory signs ¢) Traffic signs d) Warning signs 1.101 Problem Signs that instruct road users to certain traffic rule requirement: condition. a) b) c) = d) SOF road Roadwork signs Overhead signs Traffic signs Special instruction signs | 1.102 Problem Warn road users of condition on or adjacent to the road that may be unexpected or hazardous. a) Roadwork signs CS b) Warning signs ¢c) Traffic signs d) Guide signs [4.103 CE Board Nov. 2016 Inform and advice road users of directions, distance, routes, the location of services, and points of interests. Guide signs Regulatory signs Waming signs Traffic signs [1.404 Problem Warn or advise of temporary hazardous conditions that could endanger road users or the men and equipment engaged on roadwork, usr a) b) ¢) d) Roadwork signs Overhead signs Guide signs Special instruction signs[4.105 Probie Signs which provide means of displaying essential traffic information on wide multi- lane roads, where some degree of lane use control is required, or where side-of-road clearance is insufficient to accommodate a road side sign. a) Roadwork signs b) Guide signs | 6 ¢) Overhead signs d) Special instruction signs 4.106 Problem | Highway appurtenances designed to prevent vehicular penetration from the travel way to areas behind the barrier such as to minimize damage to impacting vehicles and their occupants, and to reduce the risk of injuries to pedestrians and workers. a) Traffic cones b) —Delineators = ¢) Barriers d) Temporary curbing 1.107 Problem | jement other Warning devices used to supp! ry to alert Controls and devices necessal Motorists of construction and maintenance activities or obstructions in the roadway: a) Traffic cones b) Delineators ¢) Barriers Flashing Lamps 1.108 Problem Light retro-reflecting devices mounted at the side of the roadway, in series, to indicate the roadway alignment. a) Traffic cones US b) Delineators c) Flexible post or bollard d) Flashing Lamps | 4.109 Problem Devices which may be conical in shape or tubular-shaped capable of performing channelization of traffic which may be set on the surface of the roadway or rigidly attached for continued use. ©& a) Traffic cones b) Delineators c) _ Flexible post or bollard d) Barriers 4.110 Problem Roadwork devices consisting of pre-cast concrete sections, sandbag, and others which, may be used to guide traffic at the construction site. a) Barriers b) — Delineators UY ¢) Temporary curbing d) Flexible post or bollardTess puniem a 4.114 Problem 4.111 Problem , of rigid barrier posts Device used in Pa imum of 450 mm Standard sign shape for STOP sign. oa wide with alternate bands. of &F a) Octagon 2 rating color as seen by approaching b) Circle traffic for delineation of trafic. ¢) Equilateral triangle ) Barriers d) Rectangle 4) b) Delineators _ c) Temporary curbing Fe) Bolerd 1.115 Problem 4.112. Problem te Standard sign shape for GIVE AWAY sign, Signs are classified in the following groups i ease according to their use. ) Ciel Regulatory Si © ¢) Equilateral triangle I ‘egulatory Signs Rect ll. Waming Signs d) Rectangle Ill. Guide Signs or Informative Sign !V. Signs for Expressways. V. Signs for Special Purposes VI. Hazard Markers 1.116 Problem a) 1,ll, Ill and IV only Standard sign shape for regulatory signs. b) Il, Ill Vand VI only ¢) 1, IV, Vand Vi only a) Octagon °F q Allof the above © pb) Circle _ ¢) Equilateral triangle a d) Rectangle 1.113 Problem Tobe effective, the road sign should meet the five basic requirements. 1 147 Problem |. Fulfill a need i ni Standard sign Shape for additional ii Command attention information is: II. Convey a clear, simple message M Command respect: and a) Oclagon Give adequate time for proper response ua p) Circle s) Equilateral triangle a) |, land 1V only ) Rectangle b) WAV and V only ¢) Ill, Vand V only "3 qd) Allof the above1.118 Probiem Standard sign shape for warning signs. a} Pentagon b) Circle cx ¢) Equilateral triangle d) Rectangle 4.119 Problem Standard sign shape for directional signs, roadwork signs, signs for special purposes, and supplementary plates for warning signs. a) Pentagon 4.122. Problem Standard color used as a background for STOP signs. or a) Red b) Black c) Yellow d) White [4.423 Problem Standard color used as legend color for signs having white, yellow, orange, fluorescent orange, fluorescent yellow green background and as chevron for hazard markers. b) Circle c) Equilateral triangle t= d) Rectangle a) Red ES pb) Black c) Blue d) Brown 1.120 Problem Standard sign shape for facility information signs, instruction signs, guide signs, and destinations of point of interest. a) Pentagon b) Circle c) Equilateral triangle © q@) Rectangle 1.121 Problem | Standard sign shape for pedestrian and School crossings sign. FS" a) Pentagon b) Circle ¢) Equilateral triangle d) Rectangle |:4.424: Problems Standard color used as background color for roadwork signs. a) Red b) Black cs ¢) Yellow d) White | 1.125 Problem Is the background color for most signs and legends for some colored background. a) Brown b) Green eS" c) White d) Blue===" ~=—s= 4.126 Problem ts used as background color for signs related in pedestrian movement, school zones, and road work hazard markers to give additional emphasis and guidance to vehicle operators. ©® a) Fluorescent yellow green b) Fluorescent Orange c) Green d) Bue 1.127 Problem Is used as background color for roadwork signs whose legends relate to personnel working. a) Fluorescent yellow green t= b) Fluorescent Orange c) Green d) Blue 1.128 Problem ts used as background color for direction signs. a) Fluorescent yellow green b) Fluorescent Orange Green 4) Blue 4.129 Problem is used as bi aighe: ackground color for service Brown, Fluor ee Orange Blue | [4430 Problem (1430 Problem Is reserved as back das background color for tourist facility directional and infor signs. °S a) Brown b) Fluorescent Orange c) Green d) Blue 1.131 Problem How many letters and numerals being used for signs? a) 5 ce) 4 cY pb) 6 d) 3 What series of letters and numerals are used in directional signs? a) Modified series A b) Modified series F cS ¢) Modified series E | d) Modified series C | Series of letters and numerals not aa | signs which have to be used for wore | vehicles as the legibility distances a | small. us a) Series AandB b) Series c cc) Series F d) Series Dd ——1.134 Problow i] 1438 Problem Series of ietters and numerals used in What special cases of traffic signs. ian dee ts ‘! aoe for lov fers of traffic signs a) Senes A andB t® pb) Series C | a) — small spacing Series F | b) — medium spacing d) Series D ¢) narrow spacing ES q) wide spacing Series of letters and numerals for traffic signs, which are commonly used as they 1.139 Problem | The letter size of a traffic sign indicates the provide the best legibility and aesthetics. standard 160 indard size as 160 DM which means: a) Series A and B | : oe SS g) 160 mm series D letters at _ ; medium spacing d) . Series D and E b) 160 inches series D letters at medium spacing c) 160 mm series DM letters at 1.136 Problem medium spacing d) 160 inches series DM letters at Series of letters and numerals of traffic | medium spacing 1.140 Problem signs, which are not often used on large signs due to the wide space required. a) Series Aand B b) Series C cS ie |: Settee F The letter size of traffic sign indicates the @), Senes'D standard size as 90 LC would mean: | a) 90 inches lower case letters that 1.137 Problem are always at wide spacing Standard letters and numerals of traffic £3 b) 90.mm lower case letters that are Signs for capital letters comprises 3 steps always at wide spacing | c) 90 inches lower case letters that are always at medium spacing 90 mm lower case letters that are always at narrow spacing of spacings. a} small, medium and wide d) __ >) small, medium and large ‘ ) narrow, medium and wide d) narrow, medium and largeHIGHWAY ENGINEERING 4.141 Problem be noted that when all sign rules lowed, some visual judgment must be exercised in adjusting sign elements. The following general rules are to be applied when designing the sign face. it should have been folk 1. Cramping of legend is to be avoided; 1. Avoid large areas of blank panel, particularly blank areas not symmetrically disposed across the panel; there are two list of legends side by side (e.g., as on Reassurance Signs) it is necessary to left justify the left list and right justify the right list; IV. Elements such as arrows and symbols may sometimes have to be larger than the principal legend would normally require. For example, an arrow relates to several lines of legends on a direction sign a) |, lland Ill only b) |, lll and IV only c) Il Illand IV only C= qd) Allof the above 1.142 Problem Signs are one normally located on what side of a) center _ >) left 5 o) right gd; ) Mounted over the toad J. [1.443 Problem Generally there should not be more than one signs of a particular type on each post, except when one sign supplements another or where route or directional signs must be grouped. When it becomes necessary to convey two or more different messages at one location, separate signs must be located a minimum distance of a) 30m b) 40m CF ¢) 0.6V where V is the percentile speed in kph d) 0.5 where V is the 85% percentile speed in kph 1.144 Problem The following conditions should be considered in the erection of overhead sign displays: 1. Traffic volume at or near capacity I. Complex oF closely spaced interchanges s in each direction Ill. Three or more lane’ IV, Restricted sight distance. V. Multi-lane exits VI. Large percentage of trucks Vil. Street lighting background Vill. High speed traffic IX. Consistency of sign message location through a series of interchanges X. Insufficient space for ground mounted signs a) [lll IV and V only b) VV and VII only 1, Vill, IX and X only ¢) bag Allof the above[4448 Problem Signs should be mounted approximately at right angles to the direction of and facing the traffic they are intended to serve. At curve alignments, the angle of placement should be determined by the course of approaching traffic rather than by the roadway edge at the point where the signis located. To eliminate possible and undesirable reflection from the surface of the sign, it should be turned about __ away from the normal to the headlight beam. After signs are installed, it is good practice to test them by trial approach run in a motor vehicle both by day and night. way s ce) 8 b) 6 d) 10° 1.146 Problem What are the classifications of regulatory Signs? | Priority Signs I. Direction Signs Il. Prohibitive or Restrictive Signs 'V. Speed Signs V. Parking Signs VI. Miscellaneous Signs @) |, ll, Wand Vi only b) Ii IN, Vand Vi only ©) 1, Vv, Vand Vi only "2" d) Allof the above What are the different sizes for regulatory signs? |. Size A for urban low speed roads I. Size B for rural roads with speed limits between 60 and 70 kph Il Size C for high-speed rural highways’ multi-lane urban roads 'V. Size D for Expressways V. Size E for Municipal roads a) I Ml, Vand V only ©S b) 1, i, Mand only c) Il, Iland V only d) Allofthe above 1.148 Problem ) Signs used to warn motorists of potentially hazardous conditions on or adjacent to the road. Warning signs b) ~~ Regulatory signs ¢) Direction signs d) — Prohibitive or restrictive signs | What are the classifications of warning signs? |. Horizontal Alignment Signs ll. Intersection and Junction Signs lll. Advance Warning of Traffic Control Device Signs IV. Road Width Signs V. Road Obstacle SignsVi. Pedestrian and School Signs Vil. Railway Level Crossing Vill. Supplementary Signs IX. Other Warning Signs a) i, Ill, Vand V only b) IV, V, Viand Vil only c) Ul, Ill, Vil and IX only EX qd) Alot the above 1.150 Problem In urban areas, advance warning signs Should be placed at a distance of in advance of the hazardous area. FX a) not less than 30 m, or more than 100 m. b) not less than 25 m, or more than 50 m. . ¢) not less than 20 m, or more than 45m. 9) not less than 40 m, Or more than 100m. 1.151 Problem In rural areas, advance warning signs should be placed at a distance of me in advance of the hazardous area, @) nol less than 60 m. nor more than 150 m, 5) not less than 80 m. nor more than 200 m. "S ¢) not less than 75 m. nor more than 225 m. 4) Not less than 50 m. nor more than 120 m. _ [4.152 Problem ~~ The different Pre, Hori Alignment Signs: "oma |. Size A, for use of urban or low Spee4 roads I. Size B, for rural roads With Spang limits between 60 and 70 kph Ill, Size C, for high-speed rural hig} IV. Size D, for high-speed urban Toads a) |, Mand i ‘only b) |, Mand iv only ¢) I, land iv only [FX qd Allofthe above 1.153 Problem Types of Horizontal Alignment Signs, which are used to indicate the type of road Curve ahead of the motorist. |. Sharp turn 1. Reverse turn MW, Curve turn IV. Reverse turn V. Winding road VI. Hairpin curve a) I, I, Illand Vonly b) III Vand vi only c) LU, Mandv only ES d) Allof the above 1.154 Problem Type of sign used intersection where two common point 'N advance of an Foads cross at a a) Priority cross U8 pb) Crossroag Sign ©) Tyunetion sign 4) Skewed intersection(4.485 Problem _ which of the following sign is not a supplementary sign? a) Advisory sign cw pb) Crossroad sign c) Playground d) School 4.156 Problem Which of the following sign is not an intersection or junction sign? a) Priority cross b) Crossroad sign c= ¢) Advisory sign ¢) Skewed intersection 1.157 Problem Sign used only in conjunction with another warning sign to indicate the desirable speed in good weather, traffic and road conditions. [= a) Advisory speed sign b) Supplementary speed sign c) Crossroad speed sign d) Side road speed sign 1.1458 Problem A supplemental sign use to warn the road Users of a hazard on a side road in close Proximity to the through road @) Blind sign 5) Advisory speed sign ©) — Slipping road warning sign te d@) On side road sign e [4.459 Problem _ Clearance sign shall be rectangular in shape which should be in black letters on white reflectorizad background. The size of the sign shall not be less than a) 1000 mm x 500 mm with the long axis horizontal b) 800 x 400 mm with the long axis horizontal 027 ¢) 1500 mm x 600 mm with the long axis horizontal d) 1200 mm x 600 mm with the long axis horizontal The low clearance sign shall be rectangular in shape and not less than 1950 mm x 600 mm in size with the long axis horizontal. It shall be installed on all bridges, underpasses and other structures where the vertical clearance above the road pavement is. or less to warn motorist of the restricted height of the approach structures, Vertical clearance shail be reckoned from the highest flood level. a) 5.0m c) 5.2m cS b) 48m a) 4.5m 1.161 Problem The Slow Down Accident Prone Area or Bumagal Madalas ang Aksidente Dito signs shall be rectangular in shape and not less than 1600 mm x 600 mm in size with long axis horizontal b) 1200 mm x 600 mm in size with long axis horizontal c) 1000 mm x 500 mm in size with long axis horizontal d) = 1400 mm x 500 mm in size with long axis horizontal us a)1.162 Pro it the Signs that inform road users about direction and distances of destinations on the route they are following or along other roads that intersect their route, a) Supplementary signs tb) Guide signs c) Waming signs d) Stack signs 1.163 Problem er Rete] Classification of signs in the Directional Signing series are: |. Those installed in advance of the intersection. | Those installed at the intersection. lll Those on departure from the intersection, IV. Those installed on ‘expressways, @) |, land Ill only b) |, lll and IV only ¢) Il, tland IV only '= qd) _Allof the above 1.164 Problem Which of the following is not classified as a guide sign? a) Intersection direction signs b) Street name signs © ¢) Supplementary signs 4) Tourist information signs == 4.165 Problem The background color should be easily recognizable by motorist as bei applicable to the particular Category g guide signs for which it is used What is the color combination of information Sign, igns, Street name signs and kilometer Posts? a) — White legend on biue background b) White legend on standard green background Black legend on background 4) Black legend on yellow background bP gy White | 1.166 Problem What is the color combination of advance direction signs, intersection and special direction signs, and reassurance direction signs, including signs giving direction to expressways from the adjacent road and street system? "S a) White legend on standard green or blue background White legend on brown background c) Black legend on yellow background d) Black legend on White background 1.167 Problem Combination of signs Servis Vas ce and legends a a legend on White background » Be legend on yellow background _o Me legend on green background uw wy White legend on backgroung me a. iaN) ce 41.168 ®roblern Classification of guide signs |, Advance Direction Sign Intersection Direction Sign Reassurance Direction Sign Finger Board Direction Sign Street Name Signs Town Name and Geographical Feature Signs Service Signs |. Tourist Information Destination Signs Route Markers and Tourist 1,11, IV, Vil and IX only 11, Il, V, VI and VII only IV, V, VIL, Vill and IX only All of the above a) ) ¢) cr g) 1.169 Problem What is the color combination of signs for tourist interest? White legend on blue background White legend on brown background Black legend on green background Black legend on white background a) ce p) °) 4) 1.170 Problem The principal legend on @ guide sign Should be limited to the number of words & driver can read and in time he can turn his attention from the road to the sign. The umber of times of legend or destination names that a guide sign should carry Should not be more than lines. of legend or destination names. ay 4 ce) 5 4) 6 trad 3 L Problem 4.171 When distances are shown on guide signs, the following rules shall apply: |, The distance shall be shown in meters for distance up to 999 m The distance shall be shown in 0.1 km increments for distances from 1 km to 4.9 km The distance shall be shown in 0.5 km increments for distances from 5 m. to 9.5 km To the nearest kilometer for greater distances I, and Ill only | b) |, Iiland IV only | c) Hi land V only 0 q) Allof the above a) | [a7 Probiem | Lighting in signs more than 2 m. high normally requires lighting on __ a) both sides only ES p) both top and bottom c) _ bottom only | d) — top, bottom and both sides | | 4.173 Problem | Generally roadside guide signs should be located on the where a driver would expect to see them. US a) right side of the road b) left side of the road at the top of the line post c) at the bottom of an underpass 4)1.174 Problem Typical methods of supporting overhead signs are: | Cantilever Support SSm (min) ll. Gantry Support 5.5m timin) Of ein) lll Butterfly Support 3) Land ll only ») Land il only ©) Hand ill only FS ad) All of the above 1.475 Problem A type of Advance Direction Signs, list destinations together with Whig direction arrows and if requi names and route markers. med rag a) Intersection signs b) Route markers ES ¢) Stack signs d) Diagrammatic signs (1.476 Problem Types of Advance Direction Signs: | Stack Signs I. Diagrammatic signs Ml. Reflectorized Signs a) land Ill only ) Land til only FX) Sand ilonly 4) Allof the above 1.177 Problem Stack signs shall indicate the following information: 1. Destinations with di Ill, Route markers a) land Il only b) Land til only c) — and til only uw dg) Allof the above1.178 = ®roblera What is the shape, color and reflectivity of an advance direction sign? i C& a) rectangular in ‘Shay reflectorized white legend nee reflectorized green background b) rectangular in shape reflectorized yellow legend and Teflectorized blue background c) rectangular in shape, teflectorized white legend, and feflectorized blue background d) rectangular in shape, feflectorized white legend, and feflecorized brown background 1.179 Problem | Advance direction signs are used in advance of an intersection to indicate destinations along each route leading away from the intersection, providing prior information of the routes ahead by showing place, names, arrows, symbols and instructions to indicate directions. Advance Direction signs should usually be erected: |. in advance of intersections where two arterial roads meet or cross; or an arterial road crossing a feeder road |. in advance of intersections where the arterial road turns Il on feeder road intersecting arterial toad \V. in advance of intersections where arterial road may be confused with ‘another road @) |, land Ionly 4) |, Mand IV only ©) Ii Mhand IV only "Sq Allof the above 1.180 Problem The vertical se uence of ae iT Of panels of a stack 1 I, MM. Straight ahead arrow — top of sign Angled arrow above horizontal arrows Alternate panels to have arrows at Opposite ends of the sign a) landil only b) andi only ©) Mand Hil only 5S Wy) Allofthe above mn mo | 1.181 Problem Other factors which may affect the size of letter or sign include: |. Distraction due to road side activities Il Signs composed of short legends may be enlarged to increase conspicuity Ill. Signs containing short and long legends require a balance of legend size to ensure equal visual impact IV. The need to emphasize a more important direction by making larger than other names on the sign a) |, Hand Il only b) 1 Ill and IV only c) Hl, Ill and IV only US’ qd) Allof the above4.182 Problem i in The distance at which Advance Directio’ in advance of an ign should be located in ad asec varies accord ing the expected speed of approaching vehicl es. in Adv: thould be located at a minimum distance from the intersection of __ if the 85° percentile speed (kph) is between 71 - 80 kph. C8 a) 125-150 b) 100-125 c) 75-100 d) 180-250 1.183 Problem Which of the following standard abbreviation of signs is not correct? tS a) EX for expressway b) HWY for highway Cc) RD for road d) AVE for avenue 1.184 Problem Street name signs should be located on Posts as near as practical to the intersection so that they are Clearly visible to both pedestrians and drivers, When the ‘Signs are erected in the footway, the height ‘shall be: 4) not less than 2.5 m. or more than 3m. measured to the bottom of the Sign not less than 2.2 m. or more than 3 m. measured to the bottom of the sign ¢) not less than 3m. o, more than 3.5 m. measured to the bottom of the sign d) not less than 1.8 m. or more than 2.8 m. measured 10 the bottom of the sign ts py 1.185 Problem Street name signs shall be rectangular ia shape with their long axis horizontay The length of the signs should be a) not less than 800 mm or MOF than 1.4 m and vertical dimension shai have a minimum of 250 mm f the SQN contains both street Name ang house numbers and not less than 150 mm for street Signs having only one street name 5) not less than 400 mm or more than 1.8 m and vertical dimension shal have a minimum of 180 mm if the sign contains both street name and house numbers and not less than 150 mm for street signs having only one street name ES ¢) not less than 500 mm or more than 1.2) m= and vertical dimension shall have a minimum of 200 mm if the sign contains both street name and house numbers and not less than 150 mm for street signs having only one street name d) nat less than 600 mm or more than 4,2 m and vertical dimension shall have a minimum of 250 mm if the sign contains both street name and house numbers and not less than 200 mm for street signs having only one street nameGINEERING (4.186 Problem Town names signs and names of local geographical feature signs should be expected on |, right side of the road Il, at the boundary or entrance to a town IN. left side of the road IV. at the entrance and exit to a town a) land Vonly f= p) ! andl only c¢) |, Wand Ill only d) Il, Hand IV only 1.187 Problem | The national highways could be identified by the shield of a route marker that has black numerals and border on reflectorized white background. The size of the shield for route markers when erected as an individual sign on national roads shall be a) 350mmx 400 mm b) «360 mmx 400 mm c) 300 mmx 360 mm C= d) 310 mmx 360mm 1.188 Problem | The Route Markers should be incorporated in the sign where advance direction signs are erected at an intersection or junction. Other Route Markers are located as follows: |. at all intersections and junctions where motorists need to be assured of the route , U. beyond intersections and junctions before which markers have been incorporated in the directional signs MM, beyond all intersections and junctions with important roads to indicate the correct route number of the highway IV. just outside the built-up area leaving a city or town V. in rural areas at intervals of not more than 2 km except where reassurance signs have been erected beyond junctions which are spaced less than 2:km apart VI. in urban areas at intervals of not more than 2 km except where reassurance signs have been erected beyond junctions which are spaced less than 2km apart Vil. at other locations where reassurance is considered to be desirable a) 1,1, Ml, Vand VI only b) Il, Ill, Vand V only c) III, IV, Vand V1 only © d) All of the above 89 Problem Asian Highway Route Markers when erected as an individual sign, the size of the shield on national road is: 03 a) 600 mmx 750mm b) 600 mmx 800 mm ¢) 700 mmx 800 mm d) 700 mm x 850mm 1.190 Asian Highway Route Markers when erected as an individual sign, the size of the shield on expressways Is: a) 800 mm x 950 mm b) 820 mmx 950 mm wa ¢) 720mm x 900 mm d) = 700 mmx 900 mmThe Philippines is one of the 32 member countries of UN-ESCAP. As part of our commitment, Route Markers and Directional Signs shall be put along the Asian Highway. Our country has been assigned the Asian Highway route number AHZ26. The route links major seaports and cities in the country comprising mostly of the Daang Maharlika which commence from Laoag - Manila - Legaspi-Matnog - (Ferry) - Allen-Tacloban (-Ormoc-(Ferry}- Cebu) - Liloan — (Ferry) - Surigao-Davao (- Cagayan de Oro) - General Santos - Zamboanga. The total length of AH26 is about CS a) 3,517km b) 3,625 km c) 4,825 km d) 4,675 km 1.192 Problem Supplemental arrow board signs can be installed and shall have black arrows or legend and black border on reflectorized white background. The direction of the arrows on the arrow board will depend on the road or intersection geometry. In rural areas, at intervals of not exceeding except where reassurance signs have been erected beyond junctions located within these limits. a) 12 km and not less than 8 km €3 b) 10 kmand not less than 5 km ¢) 8 km and not less than 4 km 9) 6 km and not less than 4 km “i= =o Problem $ emental arrow board signs, can installed and shail have black arrows legend and black border on reflect white background one The direction of the arrows on the arrow board will depend on the toad oy intersection geometry. In urban areas at intervals not more than _ except where reassurance signs have been erectey beyond junctions, which are spaced less ‘than 2 km apart. a) 6km ¢c) 8km bd) 4km EX g) Skm 1.194 Problem Traffic instruction sign should not cary long messages and where possible no more than lines of messages should be used. a) 6 c) 3 b) 4 cr gq § 1.195 Problem Major types of instruction signs used: |. Supplementary signs |, Movement instruction signs Ill. Hazard marker signs IV. Advance direction signs a) ll, tihand IV only b) 1, and Ill only ©" ¢) J and Il only d) Allofthe above1.196 = ®rabiern The following signs Supplementary Signs ss are called 1. USE OVERPASS I USE PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS Il TRUCK USE LOW GEAR IV. CHECK BRAKES | a) |, Hand ill only b) |, Ihand IV only c) I, Mand IV only CX dg) Allof the above 1.197 Problem Type of sign used when there is a possibility that through traffic may enter a dead end local road in error. a) DONOTENTER CS pb) NO THROUGH ROAD | c) ALTERNATE ROUTE d) ROAD CLOSED 1198 Problem =| What are the types of Hazard Markers? |. One-Way Hazard Markers ll. Two-Way Hazard Markers lll. Width Markers \V. Obstruction Markers a) |, land Ill only b) |, land IV only c) H, Illand IV only CS g) All of the above 1.199 Problem One-Way hazard markers indi ‘ers indicate t approaching driver the direction e . followed if the marker appears in the driving path. They may point to the left or right as appropriate follows: propriate and are used as |. To delineate an abrupt narrowing of Pavement, for example, at a lane drop: Il. At exposed ends of raised median islands where traffic is fequired to pass to one side; Il On central island of a roundabout facing entering traffic; and IV. To delineate the curve approach just Prior to entering an intersection. a) land Illonly b) |, Hand Ill only c) !, Mand IV only cS g) Allofthe above ca a Signs used to guide drivers through a change in horizontal alignment of the road. © a) Chevron signs b) Supplementary signs c) Guide post signs d) Delineators 1.201 Problem ommended that the spacing of the uld allow the driver to _ signs in view while ve until the change In he need for the sign. It is rec Chevron signs sho see at least __ negotiating the cul alignment eliminates tt a) 5 be pb) 3 3d 4 d 2a _—_—i—t—‘“_‘ié—S 1.202 problem What are the types and sizes of Chevron signs? H-1A, 450 mm x 600 mm HM-1B, 600 mm x 800 mm HM-1C, 500 mm x 800 mm HM-1D, 600 mm x 750 mm I. i. U WV. a) I, Wand IV only b) |, Hand Ill only ce ¢) land only dé) Allofthe above 4.203 Problem Markers used where it is necessary to delineate an exposed obstruction on a traffic island nose at which traffic may pass to either side. This sign can be used on @ wide column of an overpass structure, or a median island separating the carriageway with traffic proceeding in the same direction. ES a) Two-Way Hazard Markers b) One-Way Hazard Markers c) Width Markers d) Obstruction Markers 4.204 Problem Conditions when Width Markers are used at approaches to road bridges: where clearance to bridge curb from the end of the running lane is less than the shoulder or curb width of the approach road i. where ee cti oul ‘the bridge UP re non-fragile vertical 5 than 600 mm clear I where any badge less than 2m. Wide than the approach pavement 4, running portion of the carriageway where there is no shoulder on thy approach road ©= p) |, llandill only ¢ ! and Il only d) Allof the above 1.205 Problem The size of markers to be used at approaches to road bridges: LA size - rural area where average traffic volume is less than 300 vehicles per day i B size -all other cases ll. C size - where average traffic is less than 300 vehicles per day IV. D size - where average traffic is less than 300 vehicles per day a) only b) — Ilonly c) Monly cS qd) Jandilonly | 1.206 Problem They are used to mark the edge of the road formation and assist the road users by indicating the alignment of the road ahead especially at horizontal and vertical curves. a) Chevron signs b) Obstruction markers eS ¢) Guide posts d) Concrete barriers4.207 Sroblom Guide posts should be erected at or near the edge of the road formation with a uniform distance from the pavement edge. The nominal spacing of guideposts on a straight section of road shall be _ with post in pairs, one on each side of the formation. c) 200m d) 250m a) 120m ce b) 150m eS] 4.208 Problem Spacing of guide posts when used in curves, having radius up to 150 m. CF a) S=03R+5 b) S=06R+5 co) $= 0.2R+5 d) S=04R+5 4.209 Problem Spacing of guide posts: when used in curves having radius over 150m. a) $=0.5R cS pb) $=06R c) $=03R+ 5 d) S=05R+5 1.210 Problem or buttons mounted uard fence as an the roadway for Small reflective panels on guideposts or g! effective aid to delineate Ariving at night. a) Reflectors b) Illuminators Delineators 9) Barriers | 1.211 Problem They are made of reflective materials capable of reflecting light clearly visible under normal atmospheric conditions from a distance of 300 - 500 m. when illuminated by the upper beam of a standard automobile head lamp. a) Reflectors b) _ Illuminators © ¢) Delineators d) Barriers ag aera 4.212 Problem _ Pavement markings have definite functions and limitations: They are subject to traffic wear and require proper maintenance; They may not be clearly visible if the road is wet or dusty; Il, They may be obscured by traffic; effect on skid resistance Iv. Their ul choice of materials; requires caref and v. They cannot be applied on unsealed roads. a) |, lland IV only b) Il, Illand V only c) I Wand Vonly us qg) All of the above213° cE Board May 2016 What are the four types of Pavement and curb Markings? a) ongitudinat lines, transverse lines, transition lines, ang Stop lines ES p) longitudinal lines, transverse lines, Other lines and other Markings ¢) longitudinal lines, transverse lines, Stop line and Center line d) longitudinal line: S, transverse Center line and | lines, ‘ane lines sree ie 1-214 CE Board May 2016 | = rn May 2016, Types of Reflectorized Markings: | Retro Reflector Raised Pavement Markers Hazard Markers Ml, Delineators a) land tl only b) land ti ‘onily ©) land i only "Sy allot the above (4.215. promiom seta | The color of Pavement markings is 3 a) white Cc) ored b) black qd) blue 1.216 Problem The color of Pavement Markings for an unbroken portio: Nn of no: Passing lines. 4) White ©) ted es by yellow 4) black ~ 0 Of parking Curb markings 4 Prohibition te White ¢ ) tag Yellow 1) blace | 1.248 Problem The Color of Markings of islands in line of a) white c) ted Sb) vellow (1-219 Problem The color of Markings for bus and py lanes. a) White ¢) ted ew b) yellow a) black [1.220 Problem Open The color of Keep Intersection Ope markings. ¢) ed a) white é black ub) yellow . 41.221 Problem Lone lor of No Loading/Unioading The color marking. é ua gh mm 4) while 3) black b) yellow1.222 roblem The color of Fire Lane Zone markings. a) whit TS c) red b) yellow d) black 4.223 Problem The width of solid or broken lines used as pavement markers. 3 a) varies from 100 mm to 300 mm b) varies from 150 mm to 300 mm c) varies from 100 mm to 200 mm d) varies from 150 mm to 200 mm 1.224 Problem | Color used in hazard markers to warn road users at locations where the protruding objects such as bridge, piers, traffic signals and other permanent objects on or near the roadway. 3) white c) red b) yellow os g) black | | | 1.225 Problem || A type of line that consist of line segments with equal lengths separated by uniform 98p8. The speed of vehicles on the section of road or in the are in question should be ‘aken into account in determining the lengths of the line strokes and of gaps them. "© 4) broken lines 4) solid unbroken lines ©) Solid line 9) straight line 1.226 Problem A type of line that is used where crossing of the line is either discouraged or prohibited, It is generally used to replace or supplement a broken line where required €.g. barrier lines, and center lines. It may be either yellow or white depending whether or not crossing the line is legally prohibited. a) broken lines © b) solid unbroken lines c) lane line d) straight line [4.227 Problem _ Means any traffic control device marked on the surface of the carriageway used to regulate traffic or to warn or guide road users. a) Chevron signs b) —Delineators c) Lane Line ES d) Road Markers Shall mean any public thoroughfare, public boulevard, and avenue, but shall not include roadway upon grounds owned by private persons, colleges, universities, or other similar institutions. C3 a) Highway b) Expressway ¢) Carriageway d) — Intersectionearr—-— 4.229 Problem crossroad, junction, level Means any formed by such including open area crossroad. a) Lane b) Expressway c) Interchange 5 d) Intersection [4.230 Problem Max. speed limit for urban roads. a) 80 kph GF ¢) 60kph b) 90 kph d) 75kph 4.231. Problem _ San ae | Max. speed limit for rural roads. a) 50kph TS ¢) 60kph b) 30 kph d) 70.kph it is used to separate opposite traffic movements of an undivided roadway and is generally placed centrally on all roads and bridges 6.0 m or more in width. Under some circumstances this line may be placed off-center (e.g., wh an extra uphill traffic lane is provided or parking on one side of the road only) (1.232 Problem @) Edge line b) Barrier line ¢) Continuity line ¢S @ Centerline 1.233 Problem A center line may be marked on an y or rural road if one or more of the following conditions are met: |. Two lane road (greater than 6 m in width) carrying an Annual Av Daily Traffic (ADT) in excess of 1009 vehicles Il. Two lane road (less than 6 m but mor than 5 m in width) carrying an ADT in excess of 300 vehicles I. Winding roads with widths of 5 m or more. IV. Two lane roads greater than 10 m. in width oS a) |, land ill only b) I Illand IV only c) Ii, land IV only d) Allofthe above SSS eee If the bridge is 5 m. or more between curves, center line marks shall be a) discontinued across the bndge ES pb) continued across the bridge c) discontinued 30 m. from the bndge abutments d) — discontinued 25 m. from the bridge abutments | 1.235 Problem If the bridge is less than 5 m. betwee! curbs, center line marks shall be a) discontinued across the bridge b) continued across the bridge EX ¢) discontinued 30 m. from te bridge abutments d) discontinued 25 m. frem the bridge abutments _—1.236 Problem The center line on a two-lane two-way rural road or any other road where the sth percentile speed (or speed limit) is greater than 60 kph, shall be a broken line, with a minimum width of 150 mm and 3 m. long with gaps of ___ spacing. 6m 10m cS a) 9m c) b) 8m d) 1.237 Problem Aline used to separate adjacent lanes of traffic moving in the same direction. [= a) Laneline b) Transition line c) Transverse line d) Continuity line 1.238 Problem ] Lane lines on roads with 85" percentile ‘speed (or speed limit) of 60 kph or less shall have a minimum width of 150 mm and 3m.long with _- gaps. a) 9m cS ¢) 6m b) 8m a) 10m 1.239 Problem Lane lines on roads with 85" percentile Speed (or speed limit) in excess of 60 kph Shall be 150 mm wide, 3 m. long and ‘gaps. By 6m 10m 9m °) 6) 8m d) 1.240 Problem Lane lines must not be continued on the following cases: |. Across signalized —_ intersections. However, lane lines of low priority toad must be discontinued at the intersection. | Across side street entrances unless the street is one-way street (going in only) lll. Past the start of the taper at which a multi-lane road narrows down IV. At approaches to widened or signalized intersection V. Ondivided roads a) I, land IVonly CF b) |, Nand ill only c) Il, Illand V only d) — Allofthe above [4.241 Problem ‘As a guide, lane lines should be used in the following cases: 1. Where the road is wide enough for two or more lanes of traffic in one direction with a two way annual average daily traffic (AADT) of 8000 or more (depending on whether parking is permitted) I. At approaches to widened or signalized intersection ll On divided roads IV. Across signalized intersections © a) |, andl only b) 1, Illand IV only c) | Ilhand IV only d) Allofthe above1.242 Problem lines which indicates that overtaking ie both directions of the road are prohibited. However. cross movements are permitted. Vehicles must always keep to the right of the double yellow lines. a) Double white line with a broken yellow line b) Single yellow line with a broken white line ¢) Double unbroken yellow line E& q) Single unbroken yellow line 1.243 Problem Barrier lines may consist of either: |. Two unbroken yellow lines: I. Single unbroken yellow line Ill. Single yellow line with a broken white line 'V. Single white line with a broken yellow line eS a) |, Mandi only b) 1, Illand IV only c) tl, Mand IV only 3) All of the above 1.244 Problem Lane lines which indicates that overtaking from both directions of the road and all crossing movements are Prohibited. a) Single white line with a broken yellow ling b) Single yellow line with cea with a broken Le ¢) Double unbroken yellow line 4) Single unbroken yellow line , 1.245 Problem The following are the cases wh r ere barrie. lines should be used: * | AS center lines on approaches tg signalized intersections I As center lines of multi-lane Toads where overtaking must be Prohibited because of sign restrictions : lll. ‘No-Passing’ zones where there isa restricted sight distance due to horizontal or vertical curves, or both IV. As center lines on approaches to railway crossings a) |, land IV only b) I, Illand IV only c) 41, Iland IV only ES g) Allof the above 1.246 Problem Markings to ‘No-Passing’ Zones are applied to: |. Vertical and horizontal curves on a two-lane sealed road |. Barrier lines shall not be marked unless the sight distance available falls below the appropriate minimum sight distance for at least the length allowed li If the length of road, with sight distance below the minimum sight distance, is less than the minimum length of barrier line allowed. IV. Where the distance between the end of one barrier line and the beginning of the next barrier line restricting traveling in the same direction is less than that allowed for roads and highways. a) |, Iland Ill only b) I, land IV only c) Il Ill and IV only 08 qd) All of the above4.247 Lines used * colineate the edge of the traveled guish it from the t should be a solid white shoulder area t 8 fine between ‘00 mm and 200 mm wide. Transition lines a cr p) Edge lines ¢) Transverse lines 4) Continuity lines 1.248 Problem zi The purpose of installing edge lines is generally based on the following: |. to discourage travel on road shoulders , to make driving safer and more assured, particularly at night and during inclement weather by providing a continuous guide for the driver Ill. to act as a guide past objects, which are close to the edge of pavement and which constitute a hazard IV. to prevent parking at or near intersections a) |, land Illonly bj |, lland IV only c) Mh llland IV only "2 q _Allof the above 1.249 Problem The recommended width of edge lines for urban road with outer lane width of 3.5m. te 4) 100mm c) 300 mm b) 200mm d) 50mm 1,250 Problem The recommended width of edge lines ' rural roads with outer lane width of 3.5m. CF a) 100mm c) 300mm b) 200mm d) 50mm 1.251 Problem The recommended width of edge lines for expressway with outer lane width of 4m. a) 100mm © c) 300mm b} 200mm d) 50mm 1.252 Problem | The road curb for No Parking Zones shall be painted __ white cS ¢) yellow a) d) red b) blue [aa Peto Lines used to indicate the portion ofa carriageway assigned to through traffic. It is intended to be crossed by traffic turning aan intersection, or entering or leaving an auxiliary lane at its start or finish. a) Transition line b) Lane line c) Transverse line ©¥ q) Continuity line1.254 Problem Lines used to guide traffic safely past obstructions on roadways such as islands, median strips, bridge piers or indicate changes in the width of the traveled portion of the roadway and an increase or reduction in traffic lanes. ts a) Transition lines b) Lane lines ¢) Transverse lines d) ~~ Stop lines 1.255 Problem Transverse lines may be classified into the following types: |. Stop lines Il. Give Way lines Ill. Pedestrian Crossing Markings IV. Roundabout Holding lines a) |, land Illonly b) I, llland IV only ¢) II, Iland IV only SS d) Allofthe above 1.256 Problem Hf a stop sign is used in conjunction with the stop sign (P-1), it should generally be placed in line with the Stop sign. The stop sign should be placed at what distance from the nearest pedestrian Crossing line? a) 4m CS b) 3m c) 2m 4d) im — al 1.257 Problem Stop lines may be supplemented by wo, “Stop” marked on the Carria s geway, distance between the word ue STOP Stop line should be between = aa " a) 12mto30m b) 8mto15m ES ¢) 10mto25m qd) 12mto25m |1.258 Problem Types of Pedestrian Crossings |. Zebra I. Crosswalk Il, Giveaway IV. Transition Crossings 6S a) [andilonly b) I, Mand Illonly c) II, Illand IV only d) Allof the above | 1.259 Problem The markings of a zebra (non-signalizee crossing) consists of a series longitudinal bars 300 mm or 600 mm wide and generally not less than lang. er a 4m b) 5m c) 3m d) 6m1.260 Problem Crosswalks arc defined by a pair of solid white lines ecrose the road surface with a distance between the line which is a) not fe an 3m. but not more E& p) not fess than 4 m. but not more than & m. c) not less than 5 m. but not more than 6m d) not less than 4 m. but not more than 6 m 1.261 Problem Lines used to guide vehicles through a turning movement at intersections. It, if used, should be designed as to indicate the proper course for turning vehicles without being needlessly confusing to through traffic or the traffic making other turns. a) Holding lines b) Roundabout holding lines c) Lane lines cS q@) Turniines 1.262 Problem | | Types of parking bays |. Parallel parking | Angle parking |. Double parking 'V. Curb parking FS a) fand il only b) 1, Wand Ill only c) Hl Illand tv only 9) Alllof the above 1.263 Problem To ensure that the flow of turning traffic is not impaired, parking near intersections should be prohibited within the distance of ___ from the boundaries of lateral roads for parallel parking. a) 3m. on both approach and exit sides b) 6 m. on both approach and exit sides c) 4m. on both approach and exit sides C= g) 5m. on both approach and exit sides 1.264 Problem To ensure that the flow of turning traffic is not impaired, parking near intersections should be prohibited within the distance of ___ from the boundaries of lateral roads for an angle parking. a) 8m. onthe approach side and 6 m on the exit side b) 10 mon the approach side and 8 m. on the exit side © ¢) 12m on the approach side and 9m. on the exit side d) 6m. onthe approach side and 4 m. on the exit side 1.265 Problem To ensure that the flow of turning traffic is not impaired, no parking is allowed within a minimum distance of from the traffic signal post. a) 15m ch) 10m cS bp) 20m d) 8m1.266 Problem Painted median islands are used on wide roads where light traffic volume cannot justify the installation of solid curbed median island, The painted outline of the median shall be at least 100 mm wide with a minimum median width of 2. No Painted median should be installed on roads lessthan wide. a) 12m bd) 15m c) 16m "Fy 10m 4.267 Problem The Bus and PUJ lane yellow line 150-300 mm wide used to Separate other vehicles from buses and PUJs. The BUS and PUJ lane line can be supplemented by raised pavement markers on concrete pavements. The line is tapered at the approach to the signalized intersection. The distance between the taper and the stop line should be determined according to the Capacity of the intersection and should an line is an unbroken generally be less than, SS a) 100mm c) 200mm b) = 120 mm d) 150mm 1.268 Problem Markings that are often used to guide traffic into the right turning lanes Separated by an island, such @8 a corner island at a Signalized intersection, a) Pedestrian crossin ig Markings b) Diagonal Markings ©S ¢) Chevron markings 9) Zebra at 1.269 Problem Markings which are Placed Shoulders o, other sealed Porti foad where traffic is not Markings are of the same other diagonal I Markings. The Spaci between bars is generally 6 m, Pacing a) Pedestrian Crossing markings cH p Diagonal markings ¢) Chevron Markings qd) Zebra 1-270 CE Board Nov, 2016 Is a type of thermoplastic lane Marking designed to aid and Provide motorist with visual, audio and motion warnings on the road. 5S a) Rumble Strips b) = Chevron markings ¢) Painted median d) Diagonal markings 1.271 CE Board May 2016 it It Messages when painted on pavemen should be limited to words or less. a) 5m c) 6m b) 4m EN a) 3m 1.272 CE Board May 2016 on The color of Messages when painted pavements c) red we " bse d) yellow4.273 Prehiem Length of or oumerals used on Messages bamed on pavement in urban areas. a £ US ¢) 25m b) 3 d) 3.5m 1.274 Problem Lengths of letters or numerals used on messages painted on pavement on high- speed highways. a) 3m b) c) 6m 4m ES dg) Sm 4.275 Problem Lengths of pavement arrows used for lane use control on high-speed roads. 6m c) 7.5m d) 6.5m 5.5m a) [} p) 41.276 Problem Length of pavement arrow used for lane use control on urban roads. 6m 5m 7m 4m ¢) d) a) cS pb) 1.27T Problem Obstructions in the roadway, if not illuminated shall be marked with reflectorized hazard markers. ; For additional emphasis, it is advisable also to. mark obstructions other than islands with reflectorized white paint with No less than alternating reflectorized black and white stripes. 6m Sm 3m 4m c) qd) a) EF py J 1.278 Problem Small devices which are fixed to the concrete pavement surface to stimulate or supplement painted pavement markings. ES a) Raised pavement markings ‘ b) Rumble strips c) Zebra d) Chevron markings 1.279 Problem Hazard markers either as signs or painted markings are to be used on objects so close to the edge of the roadway as to constitute definite hazard. These include such encroachments as underpass piers, abutments, culverts headwalls, utility poles and ornamental buildings. s | Other adjacent objects which are not likely to be hit unless a vehicle runs off the road. | such as guardrails, trees and rocks must | be painted é. a) _reflectorized silver b) _ reflectorized yellow | c) _reflectorized red © q) _reflectorized white | (4.280 Problem Type of raised pavement markers placed on undivided roadway. a) Yellow raised b) White raised c) Single faced us g) Double faced1.281 Problem Type of raised pavement markers placed on divided roadways. a Yellow rases b) White raed © ¢) Single faced d) Double faced 1.282 Problem Because of the high cost of installation and maintenance, use of raised pavement markers may be considered on the following condition: |, In hilly areas where fog and rain are frequently the causes of traffic accidents li, In winding roads and accident-prone areas Ill, In overpass of underpass CS" a) and ilonly b) Land Ill only cc) tand Ill only 4) Allof the above 1.283 Problem Reflective markers placed at regular intervals in gaps along a line may help to define the line particularly at night or under foggy or wet conditions. The lines usually treated in this manner are: 1. Center lines ll. Edge lines i. Turn lines IV. Giveaway lines ce a) land llonly pb) ill and Ill only c) Ii, land IV only d) _Allof the above 1.284 Problem ‘ supplementing center oF lang jj may be in the gags between the line segments at 2 spacing y where fog oF heavy Faift OCCUTS in thy built-up areas. a) 12 EF pb) 9m a na 41.285 Problem Markers supplementing center or lane lines may be placed in gaps midway between the line segments at a spacing of if these is less likelihood of fog and where there is no street lighting in the rural environment. a) 10m EN ¢) 12m 6b) 9m d) 15m 1.286 Problem Signs has its own numbering system such as R2-7A(L). What does this sign denotes? a) It denotes a special traffic 'nstruction sign in the Directoo Type “2 and the seventh in the senes, the smallest . let hand versie available and is ) Ht denotes a wa ming sign in the Oo an rection Type - R2 and the c) It denotes seventh in available a, S, _ nd is left the smaiiest hand deno, version. the Direeaos Fegulatory sign in Seventh jn YP® - R2 ang the Series, the and is left