MOLECULES OF LIFE : WATER AND CARBOHYDRATES

1. a. Water is a polar molecule. Draw the structure of a water molecule showing its polar
property. (2M)

b. Draw and label and the bond formed when two molecules of water are joined. (3M)

c. State three properties of water. (3M)

1. Universal solvent / polar molecules
2. Low viscosity
3. High specific heat capacity

d. Explain how organisms maintain a relatively constant internal temperature and why
it is important. (2M)

Organisms maintain a relatively constant internal temperature using homeostasis which is water
stabilizes body temperature to prevent sudden change in in temperature that may cause damages.
 2. The diagram below shows the structural formula of a polysaccharide

a. Name the polysaccharide shown in the diagram. (1M)

Starch

b. What is the monomer of this polysaccharide? (2M)

Amylopectin and made from ∝-1,4 glysodic linkage glucoles molecule

c. Name the bond that link the monomers? (2M)

The bond is ∝- 1,6 glycosidic linkage

d. State the function of the polysaccharide shown above. (1M)

Used as storage of glucose in plants

e. Explain the characteristics that make the polysaccharide suitable for the function stated
in (d). (2M)

Starch is Insoluble in water and does not affect the water potential of plant cells and the cellular
metabolism.

f. List two characteristics of the polysaccharide shown in the diagram. (2M)

Brances occur every 30 units intervals by ∝- 1,6 glycosidic linkages and has linear chain which held
by ∝ - 1,4 glycosidic linkages.

3. Figure shows the structural formula of one organic molecule.

a. Name the molecule shown and its macromolecule (2M)

The molecule is glucose and its macromolecule is monosaccharides

b. State another type of this molecule and the difference between these two molecules.
(2M)

Another type of this molecule is fructose and the different between fructose and glucose is the
functional group of fructose is ketose whereas the fuctional group of glucose is aldehyde.

c. State two functions of the macromolecule stated in (a). (2M)

Major energy source of cells and component in the synthesis of other compound.

d. With a label diagram, show how two of the molecules shown above combine to form a
disaccharide. (4M)