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    28 views18 pages

    Arnold, What Is Medieval History - Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    Neil O'Docherty

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 18
    What is His x What is Medieval History? JOHN H. ARNOLD polity Contents List of Mlostratons Preface and Acknowledgements 1 Beaming the Mi A Medval Tale Medieval and Hisroriograpies ‘The Polcs of Framing le Ages 2. Tracing the Middle Ages Polyphony or Cacophony? Eddtons and Archives Using Documents Chronicles Chasers Tages Legal Records Reading the Middle Ages Anthropology Nombers and Statiie Archeology and Material Colture ‘Tents and Cultural Theory tng the Middle Ag Power 5 Making and Remaking the Middle Ages Further Reading 3s 104 m3 Illustrations Map of Europe, 900 Map of Europe 1360 Figure 21 a) Eaty medieval handwriting, fom alte ghth entry manuscript of biblical extracts by) High medieval handwriting, fom a twelcheentury manaserpt of canon law fc) Late medieval handweting, from 2 smid-fouteenth cecury manor cout roll Figure 22. Les Tits Riches Hewres du Due de Beery, month of February 1 Framing the Middle Ages A Medieval Tale The frst time Barclomeo the pie caked to them was on 9 Febeusry 1320 in the pal palace at Avignon, sid his ner ogaton probably rook up most of one day. A notary, Getard tvrote down his words thus they survive for us toaay. Thee ‘ery powerfal men = cardinal an abbot fom Toulouse, and the pope's legate for aorbecnKely questioned, Iatened end questioned ‘Mates had begun, Bastlomco explained the previous year in October. A leter had arrived fom Matte Vion {ke of Milan, summoning the priest co his presence. And so Bartolomeo had obeyed Hemet with dhe Visconti conspirators (he explained to his inwerrogators) ina room in Mattea's palace. Scofo de San Gemmignano, a je, wae thers, a was 9 physican, Antoni Pelacane Inlly Matteo drew him to onesie. He tld the Priet that he wished odo Bartolomeo a great service, benef rf honout, and that he wished that Bartolomeo would do Mateo s great service, indeed the greatest, namely the great that anyone living could do for himy and Mateo aed thar he knew for cersin that Bartolomeo knew well how ‘do the aforssid service of which Mateo was thinking He would do whatever he could, Bartolomeo. protested 2 Paming the Midi Ages Inedtely Matteo called co Sco, the jus tling hi to show Bartolomeo wha he had wih his. "Then the sit lord Scoko drew out fem his robe and eld out sl showed to Bartolomeo and Matteo a certain sive image, longe than sh of an the gr of man: mes face arms, hand belly, highs lps, and natural organs ‘Write on the fone of the sate were these words Jans papa Johannes. The present pope, Jobn XX, had been sled Jacques d'Euze before taking the pontifcal te “This was notte only thing writen on the image, There vas sign, like 2 reversed "NY and 8 name: Amaya, The name ofa dem. Bartolomeo, behold this image, said Matto, ‘which 1 have made o bring destruction tothe pope who perscetes ime What Mateo wanted of Bartolomeo was forthe priest to help finish the magus objet, by sulfsing the image With incense from znecum de mopello (What i succum de ‘pela? asked Bactolomeo's interrogators in Avignon, sone months later. kindof poson, he explained. Bat he empha Sized, he dl not want to go song wit Matt's plan, Turcolomeorold Mattenthathehad no suum de mpl and was unable wo elp. He then lef threatened by the duke torkeep silent. Bt sor ne late Scoto cae to ace him, 10 ask his advice on the details of some: books of sorcery Prompted by Bartolomeo Scoto again showed in the statue Iehad been rshed by »ifferenesorceror from Verona td ras inseibed with « ew word, Mery All hat now ced happen, Scoto explained, was to hang the statue up for sevemy-o nights, placing i nigh ater night im 9 re. As, Tse by Tele, the re consumed the image, so would tangs litle by litle, be desroyed "And that Was all he knew, Bartolomeo explained to the cardinal, the abbot, the legate and the serie, He had come to Avignon to warn Pope John XXII that his life wae ia danger But thar was not the end oft, because some months ater, fon 11 Sepeemter 1320, Bartolomeo was once again before this gathering of iaterogators, explaining what had ap ered to him inthe intervening perio, When he ad verorned f Milan the previous March, he raid, he had immediately been arrested nd brag before Sctn The Milanese knew Peerage eg egret eee eae ELEC EEE Framing the Middle Ages 3 that he had been to Avignon, and suspected that he had revealed the plot concerning the sate. Fe was mpesoned, In chains, for weske. Scot came to inercogate him many times, Bartolomeo told him eha he'd gone to Avignon co teat {sk man, 2 kght who was under magical curse. Scoro Aid ot believe him, Matto wa sey angry wit him, Seoto splined would be Better to confes now, Come, Barelo treo tel he truth, why you went fo the Curia Scoto sald fete, "Because pou know absolutely that inthe end ie will Happen that you tell the truth, and if you wil Boe speak Courtesy, you wilend up speaking under torture. Alkough {want you to know that Ido not want t0 place you it torment, however a the end i wil ave to Bey tha You are foreured, uals. you spontaneously wish to say the tu, Bartolomeo suck with hie story “hd he was torired, Stripped, his hand ted behind im to atc, a heavy stone wa placed on isles, whilst Soto's Stsstant yanked hie aoms back. They paled him» up, then felesed him, pulled him wp, then zleased him, He was them untied anc led back to hie cells Look sid Soto, we ‘Can dots to you every aight. Every night until yoo de Jose But Bartolomeo did aot confess, What saved bm eventually wat theinteryenton of another powerfl northern duke, Gale {nto Vicon, Matte's son, Galeazo had him fee, apelo ned for whathad happened, hoped that he was ll ght. But Esicazzo was algo inn te plot, and inveiged Barrlom into elping once again: the satde must be freshly sufosed, tnd Bartolomeowas the man o doe by impiation, a proot ‘of Bartolome loyalties And by implieton, pisoe, tartare Sind deat the alternative, Lee me think abou, Barcolomeo pleads. Very welh says Gaeszas but you should kaw that have had Matter Dae Alghier come to me eparding ths matic that im asking of you Good, saye Barolomea: ‘would be very pleased i he did what you are aking Bot no: Saleazzo realy doesn't wane wo ask Dante do because eknows that Bartolome can do ill do ‘Twodays later Bartolome agree, st aboot Ending more uceum de mapelo, and retrieved the statue rom Galeax. He returned wth ito his ome town ~ and then he fled co Avignon once more 4 Framing the Mile Ages ‘And wher isthe state, aed hisintrrogtors {brought it with me, Bartolomeo replied. He produced bundle ted ‘with ewine, unwrapped, ad drew our anes figure nthe shape of « man. And was just exe as he had described ‘There the tory ends, Bartolomeo’ story at any rte, The straglesbeeween Jost XXIl andthe Vicon continued for some tie, and other wieneses raised spans them deere ‘heir impiety ther heresy, thei sry and other comes The ope belived himself subjcr o freer magical tack, and {ator girs eo th kt or scr The ‘aling Milan fate it the fitenth century without break, Bt At fist sight tit x what one might cll very medieval tal. Itivolves tyrant 3 pope intrigue, tree an apical Wemay havea fairly iid metal image of rome ofthe mors lucid pars ofthe story, not lest because this kindof mile age has inspired (dicty or indirect various aspects of tmoderm culture. Fl, television, novels and coms, have Pictured dark, grubby, bloody milde ages The Name the Rose, The Navigator, Braveheart or the Various fa fntled Joan of Are for examele Theres ati vemplate foe fare Barbarian Mad Max, Robocop, Wareworld and ‘Tim gona get medical on yo" asat Marcle Wallace threatens his eesti torte in Pup ton. 8, in one sense, Bartolomeo’ experiences ace fa Bt thre is more Here than immediatly meets the ee Matizo Vacont’s plot agaist the pope may look (yp ive, peopraphies and forces that are far move compen © and interesting = than thse weretyped deption, which Umber Beo once caled "the shaggy mide apes” would suggest! Take magic. Everyone ‘know that the idle ages vasa sopesious aps, fll of wichey demons spells ad the suppression of ta same by the lngositon, Bat fe age in thin toy i located not where we might expect fd notin espe tick atthe en of the vile inhabited Framing the Midale Ages by 2 poo widow and her ct, but in learned Latin books, ‘ead and owned hy cle, ight at she heat of tect and intlecrsl lore. Ths was nor in fact unanoal: wh here trere healers and soothsyers found in ural medieval pat Thos the kindof magie described here way very much & leral sober, svalable nly to those with Lain ed ta: Te soe oma ween‘ he se of ic of rational ea. Learned mace desived in pat from ‘liscal scholarships in pact fom eas about hidden occu fatal fares, and in pre rom along raion of Chetan theology, that saw” demons a8 constantly peeent~ ahd in Cerin cumstances, amessable to good or bad end, "Nor were celestial tudes to this magic always quite what one might expet- The lnguiston did nx automatically pre ts procter, ae Teast benuse there was no such hing athe inguon tn the seme of permanent and entra! eibanal anil the midsisteench century with the ‘xeetion of Spain, where the Spanish fnguistion fegan tinder secular diecon in 1480) Whilst inguistoxs sao Reial depravity were appointed diet by the papacy, their practical powers were largely dependent upon the co Spero ar atic ny pro ae. a ould have eiferee ides om tngusors and the papacy Shout desirable orthodox practice and the demands of the faith: The ‘Chare’ was a complex and in sme ways wily heterogenous eiifce. The procedures that were ued when interrogating Bartolomeo were ingustoral i te sense of bel etigs ed oe old dace te cdna Ahbot and gate as‘ngusitore only whit they were engaged inintersiewing che prs. Torare was involved in out So", But whi ha ined been perited since 1252 in heres) in Mila that tortured poor Bartolomeo. stall. tis relly abou polis and comanication. Despite Al the evidence alleged agains hem, noting happened to Matteo or Galeszvo Visconti beeasethe pope simply dat Pee eee eee 6 Framing the Midale Ages have the power to touch them. The very reason that John XXII was in Augnoa rather than Rome was that noihern Traly had become too politcal frat foe hi to tay there [the papacy had moved to Avignon sn 1303, theo 4 come bination of presure from the French woarchy and factional Polial fighting in Roms here remained inl 1377) If he Visconti Were attempting fo assastinate the pope, ie wat Because of political mates afew years here Bartoomco's eports, john XXIL had been auenping to stop cont between Milan, Beescia and’ Suis. Matteo Visconti bad agreed to che terms ofa pce trea, but the pope ha then, in Match 1317, declared that Luda of Bavaria held the ce ‘of Holy Roman Emperor legally. Siac dhe Visco hased heir eight to rle Nilay upon claims of a past imperial appointment this ebrew them back into confit with the Papacy and Milan's neighbours and in 1318, Mateo Was frcommuniated. In theory, excommunication was ety Serious matters one was removed fra the community ofthe Christian fail denied the sacramests, and unless recon

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