SE! ABRM Section 2 Fs, Section | MSMR. BI, #004 SECTION 2 ASAT HAMM. ‘Select one entry for the blank. Fill the blank in the way that best completes the text. ‘events that had preceded and in every unfortunate detail foreshadowed 2. Central control of the country’s power grid is indust The ending of this story; as unsettling as any ending could have been, A) befited B) belied C) forestalled D) subverted E) predicted ficult because of the —it is made up of hundreds of local networks with separate owners. A) bifurcation B) interdependence ©) nationalization D) tractability E) balkanization ‘the unhappy series ofFor each blank select one entry from the corresponding column of cholces. Fill all blanks in the way thet best ‘completes the text. 3. An architect of Koolhaas’ (i) ‘might plausibly prefer designing on paper to building in concrete, Remaining within the realm of his own imagination, he need not worry about pesky clients who can dilute a project into mediocrity. But, in fact, what Koolhaas enjoys most is the opportunity to engage with a client, When asked if he would consider designing a house for himself, he replied that the idea bored him, that it Would feel too (ii) . For him, the whole point of architecture is the encounter with the other. Blank (i) Blank (ii) ‘A) unbridled ambition D) sybaritie B) unfettered originality B) altruistic C) unalloyed pragmatism F) solipsistie 4, She was never (i) + she was nothing if not di iscreet, so she (ii) for the present to declare her passion, Blank (i) Blank (ii) A) precipitate D) pretended B) tactful E) decided ©) thoughtful F) forbore 5, We should (i) purposes, but the best historical writing attempts to (i understand history ‘a history built on need and desire. The present always uses the past for its own that inescapable impulse in order to ‘own terms. Blank (i) Blank (ii) A) be surprised by D) embellish B) be wary of E) contain ©) not misconstrue F) recognizeFor each blank select one entry from the corresponding column of cholces. Fill all blanks in the way thet best ‘completes the text. 6. Belief in the harmful effects of the drug has all the hallmarks of a viewpoint that is not (i) ‘ven though the notion that the drug has negative consequences has been (ii) multiple epidemiotogical studies over the past decade, Yet the true believers have (iii) , critiquing each new study that challenges their views and continuing (0 lean on supporting research that was retracted long ago. Blank (i) Blank (ii) Blank (ii) A) amenable to refutation D) refined by G) persisted B) driven by self-interest B) cited by H) splintered ©) capable of propagation F) upended by 1) capitulated Between 2500 and 2000 B.C. numerous statues representing real, historical people were produced in southern criterion of portraiture. Mesopotamia. In the standard Western division of genres, mimetic resemblance is the are portraits in that they represent individuals, even though they do not However, the Mesopotamian im: mimetically imitate the individuals features. These statues were to be placed in temples where they stood in for the individual as a worshipper and could function as a form of presence of that individual. They were therefore linked to the person in ways even closer than the modern notion of portrait since the person's essence continued to exist in the image: fumerOuS ANIEnE TENS demonstrate that images, for the Mesopotamians, had agency and were therefore powerful objects. Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply. . The passage states which of the following about the Mesopotamian statues? A) They lack mimetic resemblance to their historical subjects B) They had a religious function for the individuals represented, C) Their uniformity makes it impossible to Tink the statues with spe Select one answer choice. 8. The author of the passage mentions “numerous ancient texts” primarily in order to A) support a contention about how Mesopotamians’ attitudes toward the statues differed from modern notions of portraiture B) identify a source for information about what kinds of images the Mesopotamians considered to be portraiture C) explain how modern scholars know that the statues were intended to be placed in temples 1D) argue that the standard Western division of genres is too recently developed for it to be applied appropriately to the statues. E) defend the notion that the statues were made as representations of real, historical peopleIn his 2005 book, Americay Constinution A Biography, AKhil Reed Amar offers a radically democratic rationale for the legitimacy legitimacy of law isa the law. Thus he contends that ifa federal statute in the United States conflicts with the provisions of a treaty of the United States Constitution a the country’s paramount legal authority. In Amar’s eyes, the function of its process of enactment; the more democratic the process, the more authoritative between the United States and a foreign country, the statute should prevail because, while treaties are made by the assent of the president and the Ur Representatives, a larger legislative body closer to the people themselves. By the same logic, the greatest ofall id States Senate alone, statutes also require the concurrence of the House of authorities in the United States is the Constitution, which was enacted more democratically than any other law Unlike laws, which are passed by the people's elected representatives, the Constitution—so the story goes—was adopted directly by the people themselves. ind the 1780s was democratic as we understand democracy. The restriction of the vote almost exclusively to It would be naive. of course, to imagine that the process by which the United States Constitution was writ ratified White men, to say nothing of the existence of slavery, would mock such a im, Amar is keenly aware of these deficiencies, and he does not minimize them, In fact, throughout his discussion of the original Constitution, Amar Amar does not ‘exposes the corrosive influence of'slavery at almost every turn, And unlike many writers before hi protest that at least the Constitution [aid the SeRaSOF slavery's VR MESIRUtION in the United States: it would be comforting, he says, to believe that it did, but it didn’t, Yet alongside his relentless exposition of slavery’s role, he describes little-noticed way’ in which the adoption of the Constitution was a remarkably democratic act. Amar notes that many states that ordinarily limited voting to propertied citizens relaxed their property qualifications when it came to constitutional ratification, thus allowing a broader-than-usual electorate to decide the country’s most fundamental question. This piece of history is not part of the common knowledge of constitutional lawyers, and Amar deserves credit for bringing itto the foreground. ). The author notes that “treaties are made by the assent of the president and the United States Senate alone” in order to help A illuminate the reasoning behind a claim B) identity a flaw ina point of view ©) suggest that a process needs to be reformed D) question the legitimacy ofa process E) point out an anomaly in a process 10. The passage indicates which of the following about the “relaxation of property qualifications”? A) It was controversial at the time. B) It made voting procedures more complicated. ) It isa fact not widely known, D) It had unforeseen consequences. ) It has been overemphasized by Amar. 1, According to the passage, the idea that the Constitution “laid the seeds of slavery’s eventual destruction” represents A) an important change in Amar’s views on the Constitution 6B)an issue on which Amar differs from certain scholars ©) position of Amar’s that remains controversial D) part ofthe reasoning behind Amar’s interpretation of the Constitution )a view that many scholars have come to reject 12, In Amar’s argument, the fact that many states “relaxed thei property qualifications” serves primarily as A) evidence that the states were more progressive than the federal government B) evidence supporting a particular view about the Constitution Cyeviden ¢ of the rapid pace of democratic reform in the early Republic D) an example of a reform inspired by the democratic impulses behind the Constitution E) an example of the type of reform necessary to bring about the end of sla ‘Select the two answer choices that, when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as @ whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning. 3. One virtue of cornmeal as a component of the diets of laborers in early Puerto Rico was the mildness of its taste, a trait that enabled it to the strong flavors of other foods. A) mimie B) temper ©) camouflage D) neutralize E) complement F) augment 14, Throughout human history, intelligence and consciousness have been concepts: those possessing much of the former are assumed, in some ill-defined way, to be more conscious than those less astute, A) disputed B)allied C) conflated D) loaded E) contested F) misjudged 15, Asteroids of diameter less than 100 km never melted, but asteroids with larger diameters did so and formi became with the heavier Fe-Ni mate g the core and the silicates forming the crust. A) stratified B) destabilized ©) weakenedD) liquefied E) differentiated 16, In science, can sometimes inhibit understanding; indeed, the advantage of the technique for staining brain tissue developed in 1873 by was that it showed so little. A) biases B) projections C) prejudices D) minutiae E) approximations F) particulars Select one answer choice. ‘Sunlight is composed of different colors of light, which differ in how far they penetrate a given medium, Seawater is most deeply penetrated by blue light, and at depths near 1,000 meters the sunlight is almost entirely blue However, a few fish species living at such depths have eyes with lenses tinted so that they filter out blue light but not light of any other color. 17. Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why those fish species benefit from having such lenses? AA) Most of the fish with the tinted lenses hunt from below, locating their prey by the shadows passing overhead. B) In general, the fish with the tinted lenses feed on fish and other marine organisms that live at depths near 1,000 meters or deeper, C) The eyes of most fish that live ificantly below the surface waters can detect light of only a limited color D) Most marine organisms living at depths near 1,000 meters are bioluminescent, emitting green light that is hard for most fish to distinguish from the background sunlight. E) Below 1,000 meters there is, on average, another 3.000 meters of ocean depth in which there is no sunlight at all‘A significant proportion of meteorites contain chondrules, small, glassy silicate spheres. The importance of cchondrules is that they show that at some time the temperature was so high that the chondrule material was vaporized. The vapor then cooled quickly and the liquid silicates, condensing out of the vapor, formed small silicate spheres under the influence of surface tension. When these spheres solidified, they were incorporated into silicate fragments, and the material was eventually compressed into rock by gravitational forces. The fact that the chondrules cooled very quickly is revealed by the composition of the minerals within them. In the Vapor phase, whole minerals would not have existed, but there would have been components that, combined in various ways, can form different minerals, Combinations of these components produced an initial collection of minerals within cchondrules when they formed and, while the silicate was hot, the components changed partners to form more stable rminerals—meaning ones of lower energy. Given enough time, the minerals in chondrules would have had the lowest possible energy consistent with using all available components: the mixture of minerals would then be equilibrated. However, the mixtures of minerals in chondrules are nonequilibrated—corresponding to a total cenergy far greater than the minimum possible. This shows that the chondrules became solid and cooled so quickly th their way throug the nonequilibrated state became frozen in, since individual components did not have enough en the material to form more stable minerals. y 10 jostle 18, It ean be inferred from the passage that if a newly formed chondrule were to cool slowly, then A) its surface tension would be dissipated gravitational forces B) it would be less susceptible to compression by C) it would contain different minerals than if it had cooled quickly D) its final mixture of minerals would closely resemble the initial collection ‘components would lack sufficient energy to form minerals 19. According to the passage, chondrules are significant because they AA) facilitate a better understanding of the chemical properties of silicates, B) explain why silie fe fragments are common in meteorites C) illuminate the interactions between chemical and gravitational forces D) provide information about the mineral components present at the time of their formation E) point to episodes involving extremely high temperatures 20, Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence in the context of the passage asa whole? A) It describes a condition that is required for a critical process discussed in the passage. B) It discusses an empirical possibility that is ruled out later in the passage. C) It presents evidence that confirms a suggestion made earlier in the passaze. D) It helps reconcile two seemingly contradictory findings described in the passage. E) It outlines a feature common to several phy'sical processes mentioned in the passage.SECTION 4 ‘Select one entry for the blank. Fill the blank in the way that best completes the text. 1. The medical professor's thesis—hardly new, but rarely by a faculty member of his dis symptoms and systems. hat patients are more than the sum of th A) discounted B) ignored C) subverted D) underestimated E) espoused2. Bridges are often offered as ‘open for all to see. examples of engineering, given that a bridge’ A) intelligible B) collaborative C) elementary D) undervalued E) serendipitous structure is out in the For each blank select one entry from the corresponding column of choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best ‘completes the text. 3. By dramatizing the lives of her subjects with candor, sympathy, and a healthy strain of skepticism, director Esther Bell offers an (i) independent filmmaking. ‘the whimsy and sol to much of what passes for Blank (i) Blank (ii) A) antidote to D) antithetical B) antecedent of E) immaterial ©) affirmation of F) endemic 4. Even if the merits of the proposal are (I, ; faculty members may be reluctant to (ii given their fear of offending the group that champions it, yi Blank (i) Blank (i) A) unparalleled D) demur B) dubious E) approve ©) obvious F) acquiesceFor each blank select one entry from the corresponding column of choices. Fill all blanks In the way that best ‘completes the text. ‘ometimes conceived as A certain ( governs the way most of us think about routin constraining—a self-made prison of inflexible habits that prevent people from changing their lives. But also seen as (i) + activities that become routine (ii) allowing us to expend energy ‘on other things. A routine is routine Blank (i) Blank (ii) Blank (ii) A) pessimism D) liberating G)are often tedious B) misunderstanding B) alterable H) demand less attention ©) polarity F) unintentional 1) encourage personal discipline 6, Our contemporary preference for natural expression over artifice is (i). the traditional Western view that the skill with which you expressed a posi argument, Rhetorical styles might vary, but style mn corresponded closely to the eres self was never a matter of (i lity of your And “style” was not just a well-turned sentence: poor expression, it was believed, (i poor thought. Blank (i) Blank (ii) Blank (ii) A)a departure from D) substance G) ameliorated B) a reflection on E) indiffer H) elevated C)an endorsement of F) intention 1) betrayed While buying and selling were the primary interests of people who gathered at flourishing medieval markets, these \were not the only activities people engaged in there, Trips to the market were also social occasions, providing a ‘200d place to see and be seen, as indirectly attested by’ texts deriding those who adorned themselves more elegantly to visit a market than to visit a church. Markets also provided a good place to hear and be heard. As venues for royal proclamations, markets’ chief ad) antage lay in their popularity with the peasantry. In theory, parish churches were equally suitable in this respet but in practice, royal administrators found that markets better enabled them to tion, integrate rural areas into institutional chains of commur Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply. 7. Which of the following conclusions regarding royal proclamations can reasonably be drawn from the passage? A) If made in parish churches, royal proclamations would be unlikely to be heard by peasants, B) Royal administrators regarded it as important that the peasantry should know the content of at least some royal proclamations.(C) Markets were the most effective venue for communicating royal proclamations to rural populations. Select one answer choice. 8. In the context in which it appears, “attested” most nearly means A) bore out B) made sure of ©) proclaimed D) decided B) vindicated Tn recent us, revisionist Rembrandt scholars have opposed nineteenth-century Romanticism and what they claim \was its fanciful vision of the seventeenth-century Dutch painter. Pulled from his pedestal, the solitary genius has been situated instead within the collective institution of the “workshop” where he employed and trained students, and artists. Revisionist scholarship has recovered no meless, universalizing Rembrandt, but a figure anchored in time and place. The revised Rembrandt is no longer the autodidact child of nature who answered only perfunctorily to his patrons, but a painter who responded to their demands and used his powers of invention to fatter not confound, Rembrandt ultimately preferred candid naturalism t0 decorous classicism not, we are instructed magisterially, because he was hostile to classicism’s norms, but bec Ise he saw no special conflict between the wo visual idioms, And unlike the Romantics, who embraced the famous 1681 description of Rembrandt as “the first heretic of painting,” revisionists view him as obsessed with emulating—and perhaps surpassing—the great Renaissance masters, 9, The author of the passage is primarily concerned with AA) contrasting the revisionist with the Romantic view of Rembrandt B) correcting the Romantics’ misconceptions about Rembrandt and his work ©) challenging the revisionist view of Rembrandt and his work D) tracing the origins of revisionist theories about Rembrandt and his work E) placing Rembrandt and his work in a new historical context, 10. The author refers to the 1681 description of Rembrandt primarily in order to A) emphasize Rembrandt's religious views. B) show that Rembrandt was acclaimed in the seventeenth century ©) characterize the Romantics’ view of Rembrandt D) dismiss evaluations of Rembrandt by his contemporaries B) locate the origins of the revisionist view of Rembrandt 11, The author of the passage suggests that the Romanties believed which of the following about Rembrandt’ relationship with his patrons? A) Rembrandt saw himself as his patrons’ teacher B) Rembrandt was puzzled by his patrons’ demands.(©) Rembrandt paid little attention to his patrons’ concerns, D) Rembrandt painted the way his patrons wanted him to paint. ) Rembrandt was sympathetic and open-minded toward his patrons. Select the two answer choices that, when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as @ whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning. 12. A particular problem with critics’ notions of realism with regard to dialogue in fietion is that all too often the focus is on utterances and not on the flux and process of conversational interaction. A) candid B) casual ©) informal D) isolated ) mundane P) discrete 13. The of governmental subsi itn ies to obscure airports that are rarely used underscores the political tulties of cutting funds from even the most unnecessary projects. A) paucity B) effectivene ©) durability D) persistence B) adequacy F) dearth 14, By eating tiny orgai ms and incorporating their prey's nutrients into their own bodies, large in: become “nutrient package ." for larger insectivores for who! the pursuit of tiny organisms would be A) unwieldy B) insalubrious ©) unremunerative D) unnecessary E) inopportune F) unprofitable 15. Though it Ia demeanor iy was nonetheless a compelling place to be in 1954. A) an engaging B)a winning C)a sophisticatedD) adetached a workaday F) a quotidian Select one answer choice. Trying to identify working conditions that promote high worker productivity, a factory's management dimmed the factory's previously uniform lighting in some areas while brightening it in some others in order to see if lighting levels affected productivity. Surprisingly, in every area with changed lighting levels, though not elsewhere, productivity increased, by comparable margins, It can be concluded that what affects productivity are changes in lighting, but not specific levels of lighting. 16. Which of the following, if true, ealls the conclusion most seriously into question? A) In the areas where lighting levels were changed, management observed workers particularly interviewed them about their work and working conditions. B) Workplace safety rules define limits on lighting levels. and the changes in lighting levels did not take lighting levels in yy of the factory’s work areas beyond these limits. C)At the time of the lighting changes, management made no efforts to boost productivity in the areas where lighting was not changed and made no such efforts other than the lighting changes elsewhere. 1D) Both in the areas where lighting levels were increased and where they were diminished, management received complaints about the new lighting levels from some workers. E)A year after the lighting changes were made, productivity throughout the factory had returned to its prechange levels even though the lighting levels in the factory had not been changed again, ns has pointed out the perplexing absence of a single musical composition attributed to a woman in Europe from 1300 10 1566 as a phenomenon more apparent than real. During that period, anonymous creativity by both men and women of European nobility was encouraged; hence improvised songs by women would have been so ‘common as to deserve no particular attention. In addition, many courtly women had sufficient musical training to enable them to commit their songs to paper, even though it would have been unseemly for them to sign their work. The existence of many snonymous works increases the likelihood that music by women of that period has indeed been preserved and that the circumstances of its composition and preservation have prevented us from identi it Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply. 17. Which of the following statements about women and music in Europe from 1300 to 1566 is supported by the passage? A) Only women of European nobility had the opportunity to receive musical training. B) More songs were improvised by women in the European nobility than by men in the European nobility ©) Sig ‘Select one answer choice. ng their own musical work would not have been an accepted standard of good taste. 18. Which of the following best describes the function of the first sentence in the passage? A) It provides a basis for understanding the nature of musical compositions in Europe from 1300 to 1566.B) It presents a reason to explain the lack of musical compositions attributed to women from 1300 to 1566. C) It introduces a hypothesis to account for unexpected inconsistencies. D) It establishes a point of view regarding a phenomenon, ) It raises concerns about the unorthodox interpretation of a phenomenon, Despite the widespread availability of electrical refrigeration, the antimicrobial properties of spices may still be useful. During 1971-1990. food poisoning—primarily bacterial—affected 29 out of every 100,000 Japanese but only 3 out of every 100,000 Koreans, despite the countries’ similar temperate climates. Lee s suggestion that the difference may have been due to cultural variations in food handling and preparation may well be correct. But, in addi inds of spices, Korean recipes more frequently called for atleast one spice, contained more spices per recipe, and more frequently called for highly n, although Japanese meat-based recipes collectively used more inhibitory spices. As a result, an average Korean recipe most likely inhibits a significantly greater fraction of bacteria than an average Japanese recipe. 19, Select the sentence that describes the e' lence from which the author derives an explanation of a phenomenon. A) Despite the widespread availability of electrical refrigeration, the antimicrobial properties of spices may still be usefil B) During 1971-1990. food poisonin ‘of every 100,000 Koreans, despite the countries" similar temperate climates. -primarily bacterial-affected 29 out of every 100,000 Japanese but only 3 out C) Lee s suggestion that the difference may have been due to cultural variations in food handling and preparation may well be correct D) But, in addition, although Japanese meat-based recipes collectively used more kinds of spices, Korean recipes more frequently called or at least one spice, contained more spices per recipe, and more frequently called for highly inhibitory spices. E) Asa result, an average Korean recipe most likely inhibits a significantly greater fraction of bacteria than an lapanese recipe. Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply. 20, From the passage, which of the following can be inferred about Japanese meat-based recipes? A) Some of these recipes do not include any spices. B) These recipes usually feature highly inhibitory spices. C) These recipes draw from a greater variety of spices than do Korean recipes.