Coordinate Geometry Distance between 2 Points 1. Length of AB= Yim 4 02 =») or V4 =) #04 — 92)" Midpoint of 2 Points , hth Ht Py Midpoint of AB = ( Eee Gradient of Line and Collinear Points 3. Gradient of AB, m = Coordinate Geometry | 79m>0 m<0 ie. 0° < @-< 90° (line slopes upwards) i.e. 90° < @< 180° (line slopes downwards) y y ‘ ‘ @ . e 0 a a ee m=0 ‘mis undefined (horizontal line) i.e. 6 = 90° (vertical line) y y ‘ ’ 3 ex ot ex 5. If A(x,,y)), BO, ¥3) and Cy, y») are collinear, then gradient of AB = gradient of BC = gradient of AC and area of AABC = 0. Parallel and Perpendicular Lines 6. If two lines /, and /, have gradients m, and m, respectively, * Lis parallel to /, if m, =m, + Lis perpendicular to ly if myn, = Equation of a Straight Line 7. Gradient form: y = mx + ¢, where m is the gradient and c is the y-intercept 8. Intercept form: respectively + = 1, where a and b are the intercepts the line makes on the x-axis and y-axis 9. General form: Ax + By + C= 0, where A, B and C are constants, 80 Topic 5Area of Polygons 10. Tf AC, Yi), BO, ¥2)s COs Ys)s +++ My» Yo) form a polygon, then Area of polygor 2 MU. IFAC), y), BGs, ya) and C(x, y,) form a triangle, then Area of AABC = 4] Ay om ow MH = FG ty ty — ym 40) 12. Vertices must be taken in a cyclic and anticlockwise order. Ratio Theorem 13. ae ae i ic Eaternal point of division Let the point P divide the line AB intemally | Let the point @ divide the line AB externally in the ratio m : n, then P is the point in the ratio m : n, then Q is the point nx + mex, ny, tm men’ men )* y y 2 P AG. yi) AG) 7 ex a er Coordinate Geometry | 81example solution example 821 Topic 5 Finding the Equation of a Perpendicular Bisector Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of AB where A is (3, 10) and B is (7,2) Midpoint of AB = he perpendicular bisector of AB passes through the midpoint of AB.) Gradient of AB = 10-2 Gradient of perpendicular bisecto ( ) Equation of perpendicular bisector: y-6 = L(x—5) (To us: m( Finding the Fourth Vertex of a Parallelogram A triangle has vertices A(4, 0), B(10, 4) and C(9, 0). Given that ABCD is a parallelogram, find (the coordinates of the point D. Gi) the area of the parallelogram ABCD.@ (ii) Let the coordinates of D be (1, y)- Midpoint of BD = Midpoint of AC Wo+x 4+y 22 2 D3, -4) Area of parallelogram ABCD -i{4 3 9 0 4 2}0 -4 0 4 0 FONG + 36 + 36 - 16) = 20 units* 449 4ty (Use a sketch to help you visualise the position of D.) (The diagonals of a parallelogram _ (449 040) bisect each other.) =| (Remember to take the vertives in a cyelic and anticlockwise order.) Coordinate Geometry | 83examplad solution 84 | Topic 5 Using Ratio Theorem The diagram shows a triangle ABC in which A is the point (2, 4). The side AB cuts the y-axis at P(O, 2). The point O(4, 1) is on the side BC and the line AQ is perpendicular to BC. Find (@ the equation of BC, (ii) the coordinates of B. Given further that Q divides BC internally in the ratio 1 : 3, find (iii) the coordinates of C, (iv) the area of triangle ABC. 4-1 4 1 (i) Gradient of AQ Gradient of BC = 2 Equation of BC: y= 1 =2%x-4) — (To.use y~y mix ~x,), we y =2x-7— (1) require the gradient and the coordinates of point on the line.)(ii) Gradient of AB = Equation of AB: (We can use y = mix + ¢ because we know that the y-intercept is 2.) Solving (1) and (2), (Since B lies on AB and BC. we xed solve the equations of these ye 2 fines simultaneously.) + BG,-1) ii), C(x, ¥) 3 BB, Let the coordinates of C be (x, y). Using Ratio Theorem, 33) +10) 1) +1Q)) (ASHP as Jean 9+x Ly a xe7 27,7) (iv) Area of AABC (Remember to take anticlockwise order.) 2372 4474 2 =i 2 = 30 units? (2421 428- 1247414) Coordinate Geometry | 851, Given that the points (1, -1), (0, 2) and (2, 4) are collinear, find the value of k. 2, Find the value of p, given that the points (2p, p) and 2p + 1, p ~ 3) are equidistant from the origin. 3. The coordinates of A and B are (-3, 2) and (5, 12) respectively. Find the equation of (i) the Tine AB, (ii) the perpendicular bisector of AB. 4. The line x = 2y ~ 3 intersects the curve 2° —3y" + 5x =6~3y at the points A and B. Find the coordinates of A and of B and hence find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of AB INTERMEDIATE 5. a Calculate the distance of the point A(3, 10) from M, the midpoint of the line joining B(-3, 12) and C(1, 4). Show that the lines AM and BC are perpendicular. Find the area of triangle ABC. The points A, B and C have coordinates (4, 4), (7,8) and (-4, 10) respectively. (Show that the triangle ABC is right-angled, (ii) Calculate the area of the triangle. The points A, B and C have coordinates (3, 12), (1,5) and (2, 4) respectively. (Show that AB = AC. (ii) If D(H, &) is another point that is equidistant to B and C, show that k = 3h +3. 8. The point P(x,y) lies on the line 2y =x +9 and is 5 units from the point (0, 2). Calculate the coordinates of the two possible positions of P. 9, The equation of the perpendicular bisector of the line segment which joins A(-1, ~3) and BU, k) is Sy + 3x = 16, Find the value of h and of k. 86 | Topic 5Ck, k +3) ‘The diagram shows a kite OABC whose diagonals meet at M. Given A(7, a), B(S, 3) and C(k, k + 3), where a and k are constants, find (i) the coordinates of M, (ii) the equation of AC, (iii) the value of a and of k, (iv) the area of kite OABC, (y) the ratio AC : MC. 11. PORS is a parallelogram whose diagonals bisect each other at M. The coordinates of P and Q are (4. 1) and (8, 5) respectively. The equation of the straight line QS is 3y x—7=0 and PR is parallel to the line y = 3x42. Find (the equation of PR, the coordinates of M, (iii) the coordinates of R and of S, (iv) the area of parallelogram PORS. Coordinate Geometry | 877 12. The diagram shows rhombus ABCD in which B is (2, 3), D is (4, 1) and C lies on the a-axis, The | | | | diagonals AC and BD meet at E. y 1 | Find (@ the equation of AC, i (ii) the coordinates of A and of C, ; ii) the area of the rhombus ABCD and hence, find the perpendicular distance from C to AB. | 13. The diagram shows the coordinates of three of the vertices of a rectangle PORS. The coordinates of Pp, i Q and R are (-3,0), (2k + 1, k ~ 2) and (5, 1) respectively, ; y | RG, 1) i P(-3,0) Q(2k + 1,k~2) | rnd (i the value of k, ii) the equation of RS, : (iii) the coordinates of $, (iv) the equation of the perpendicular bisector of QS, (¥)_ the area of PORS. 881 Topic 514, In the diagram, OABC is a trapezium with OA parallel to CB and OA is perpendicular to AB. The point A has coordinates (2, 6) and C lies on the x-axis with an x-coordinate of 4. Find the coordinates of B. By considering the area of triangle OAB, find the shortest distance between A and the line OB, giving your answer correct to 2 decimal places. 15, ‘The equations of the ines PQ and OR are y of P and R are (3, -1) and (0, 5) respectively. 3x — 10 and 4y + 3x = 20 respectively. The coordinates (Find the coordinates of Q. (ii) Show that 0 is perpendicular to PR. (iii) Find the coon of 00. (iv) Given that T is a point on RS such that OPQT is a rhombus, find the coordinates of T. area of AOSP ‘area of AOSR tes of S, the midp (v) Find the ratio of Coordinate Geometry 18916. y | | | 4 (7,9) PU,3) 710, 2) The diagram shows a quadrilateral POST, where the diagonals intersect at R. Given that R is the midpoint | of PS and divides the line QT in the ratio | : 3, find (i) the coordinates of R, (ii) the coordinates of Q, ii) the point of intersection of the line PQ and the line TS extended. | 17. In the diagram, OABC is a parallelogram. The points B and C have coordinates (-1, 15) and (1, 9) respectively. BA, 15) cu,9) oO (® Show that the coordinates of A are (-2, 6) (ii) Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of the line segment AC. (iii) If point D lies on BC produced such that BC : CD the area of AOCD. 3, find the coordinates of D, Hence, find 90 | Topic 5(10, 12) The diagram shows a triangle ABC in which P(6, 8), Q(10, 12) and R(8, 6) are the midpoints of the sides AB, AC and BC respectively. Given that PQCR is a rectangle, find (the equation of AC, )) the equation of the perpendicular bisector of BC, the area of APQR and hence find the ratio of area of APQR : area of AABC, iy) the coordinates of B, given that A is (8, 14) 19. PORS is a trapezium where PQ is parallel to SR. PT is the perpendicular bisector of SR and is parallel to OR (Given that P lies on the y-axis and the coordinates of $ and T are (5, -3) and (1, -2) respectively. prove that the coordinates of R and P are (7,—1) and (0, 4) respectively. Hence, (ii)_ find the coordinates of Q, (ili) prove that PORT is a square, (iv) find the area of the trapezium PORS. Coordinate Geometry 91EEE a 20. The diagram shows a quadrilateral ABCD in which A is (3, 0), C is (3k, Sk + 3) and D is (-2, 5). The j | equation of AB is Sy = 3x - 9 and ZADC = 90°. \ Find i CGK, 5k +3) (® the gradient of AD, (ii) the value of k Given that F is the foot of the perpendicular bisector of CD from B, find (iii) the coordinates of F, (iv) the equation of BF, (v) the coordinates of B (vi) the area of the quadrilateral ABCD. 21. The diagram shows a quadrilateral ABCD in which A is (0, 6) and AB is parallel to the x-axis. D is a point on the x-axis such that the equation of DC is x + ~6. AC is perpendicular to the line 2y = x + 7. y AQ, 6) B (a) Find (i) the equation of AC, (ii the coordinates of C. (b) Given that the area of ACD is u times that of ABC, find (the coordinates of B, the perpendicular distance from D to AC, leaving your answer in the form avb (©) Showing your working clearly, explain whether ABCD is a kite. 921 Topic 522, The diagram shows a rhombus ABCD in which AB = BC = CD = DA. The point A lies on the x-axis. The coordinates of B and D are (4, 6) and (13, 9) respectively. y Find (i) the coordinates of M, the midpoint of BD, ii) the equation of AC, iii) the coordinates of A and of C, (iv) the area of the rhombus ABCD. Another point X lies on BD produced such that the area of ACBD is $ of the area of ACDX. Find the coordinates of X. Coordinate Geometry 193i /\DVANCED 23. In the diagram, the equations of the lines AB and BD are 4y = 7x ~ 60 and 3x + dy = 60 respectively. : The coordinates of A are (8, ~1) | (i) Find the coordinates of B and of D. | (ii) Prove that triangle OBD is isosceles. Given that C is a point such that OABC is a trapezium and OC = V65 units, find the coordinates of C (iv) If Eis the midpoint of OB, determine if A, E and C are collinear, showing your working clearly. , Tam now able to apply the condition for two lines to be parallel or perpendicular * find the midpoint of a line segment + find the area of a rectilinear figure given its vertices 94 | Topie 5Topic 5 Coordinate Geometry Los 5 @ 4y=5r423 4 CH=, , 3): 2y 5. 25 units; 20 units? 6 (ii) 25 units 8 (5,2) 0r 3,6) 9 h=5,k=7 10. (i) 3y=-Se4 17 1 (iy) 34 units? ww (i) 5.4) Gi) R(6,7),S12,3) iv) 16 units? 2 w 1 (i) AGS, 4), C00) Gi) 8 units?, 2.53 unitsB® 4 (i) 2y=-3x417 Gi) G4) (iv) lay =-8r + 15 26 units 1.) (4,2) Q,1) (i (1,3) (vy) 2 17. Gi) ys-n47 (4,0); 18 units? 8.) pave 2 Gi) yaw Git) 18 units’: 1:4 vy (4,2) 19. (i) (6,5) Gy) EE nits! iy 2 (yy yore (vi) 68 unis? 2. a 4,2) (b) Gi) BYS units © 2 Q) y=30433 (ii) A(11, 0), C6, 15) (iv) 75 units?; (31, 15) 23. (i) BL2, 6), DO, 15) Git) (4,7) (iv) Yes