Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Analysis of Biochar-Mortar Composite As A Humidity Control Material To Improve The Building Energy and Hygrothermal Performance - Elsevier Enhanced Reader

    Uploaded by

    fatiha
    31 views9 pages
    Impact of introducing biochar in building

    Original Title

    Analysis of biochar-mortar composite as a humidity control material to improve the building energy and hygrothermal performance _ Elsevier Enhanced Reader

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    Impact of introducing biochar in building

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    31 views9 pages

    Analysis of Biochar-Mortar Composite As A Humidity Control Material To Improve The Building Energy and Hygrothermal Performance - Elsevier Enhanced Reader

    Uploaded by

    fatiha
    Impact of introducing biochar in building

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 9
    Selec the Total avin 75 (2021) 145852 Contents lets available at ScionoeDirect Science of the Total Environment ELSEVIER journal homepage: www.elsevi r.com/locate/scitoteny Analysis of biochar-mortar composite as a humidity control material to ® improve the building energy and hygrothermal performance [sae Hun Park*", Young Uk Kim®, Jisoo Jeon’, Beom Yeo! Yun*, Yujin Kang’, Sumin Kim** * boparent of ceca Archer neering onsen, eo 3722, Repu of Korea ® pxparment of Bale Can Enamel cei Conca nies 1455, de Mase, Monten CX 1M. Canada HIGHLIGHTS GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT + Bochar canbe used asa porous material in dhe building sector. + Biochar can improve the hygeothermal performance of building materials, + Building material containing biochar could have beter humidity coro. + Building material containing biochar contributes to building energy savings ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT ‘rie ‘This std suggests a new perspective ofiocar a ablfing material ha improve not only for he strength but ese 8 cent 2020 «ako hygrthermal properties Biochar ha high porosity and surface area created by prays Itcanbe suitably Reccvn revi om 27 Jy 2021 ‘sed a porous material Because porous materials ar sed by incorporating into bulling materials fr imprew Parte py acy inghygrothermal performance inthe constrction sector. To analyze whether biochar canbe use union alibe onine 8 Febru building mae improve the hygrothermal performance two ypesofbiehar. made from ised rape (OSB) Editor: Daniel CWTang and mixed softwood (SW), were prepared A iachat-morta composite was prepared according the mixing ‘ato the bioear from 2 WE to 8 wand the compressive strength and hygrthermal performance of them Teywonta ‘were analyze. The compressive strength ethe highest when 4 wt ofbiocar ito te mortar Wasi regard- Beer lessof the typeof ioc. Thermal conductivity of bichar-motar composites was decreased asthe bicharad- ‘Hyputerma perfomance dition increased, and the value of biochar-monar composts with 8 we OSB decreases by maximum 57.6% ‘ney pefrmance compared tothe conventional cement mortar. The water vapor resistance factor of bochar-morar composites uy cont mara Increases. and biochar-mortar composites with 8 we SWB inreases by maximum 50.9% compared othe refe= ting mate ence, WUFI simulation shows thatthe biochar-mortar competes can contribute ta humidity control and no ‘mold growth. The biochar-mortar composites can also contribute ro energy savings although the amount of v= ingsis insignificant Asa esl this tu proved that wien the mortar with biohar addition was posse im- prove not only strength bu also hygrothermal propertis of morar. This appreach willbe new perspective that bahar can apply to the buling material in practice. ©2001 Elsevier BY. lights reserved * conespanding aba malas pjnanlive concert Park. yak28yensi ack (YK. marmeroesonsiackr (Jon. sevens (BY. Yr, yin kyons ack (Kan siesumaoyenseack 3 Ki ps/ong/101016) coe 2021.145552 (e990 2001 Ever BV, A rigs eer i ak YUL Ki Joma 1. Introduction Biochar is a porous carbonaceous material produced through the ‘thermacitemical conversion of organic materials in oxygen-depleted conditions (also known as “pyrolysis") (Ok et al, 2018). The name “biochar” combines the prefix bio" which means "live" or “biological”, and the concept of ‘char’, which sa carbonized material of thecmally ‘decomposed organic matter (Yang etal, 2019) As biachar can be pro- ‘duced using abundant biomass and waste, such as crop residue, wood ‘waste, animal manure, food waste, municipal solid waste, and sewage sludge, it is regarded as an environmentally friendly material, (issanayake etal, 2020). Recently, biochar has been used for various environmental applications including soil quality improvement, re- moval of emerging contaminants in soil and water, mitigation of green- house gas emissions. and energy production (Dissanayake et al_ 2020). ‘The potential of using biochar for various environmental applications varies with the properties of the biochar. In addition, itis a potential (CO, adsorbent, which isthe most important reason for using biochar. Biochar has a high specific surface area and porosity created by act- vting agents such as NaOH, KOH, K,COs, HPO, and Zn This chem- ical activation yields a highly developed surface area and pore size distribution of biochar due to pyrolysis (Bazan- Wozniak etal, 2018). ‘The high specifi surface area and porosity play an important roe in the adsorption of COs: therefore, studies are being conducted to control ‘thermal decomposition and hence, control these characteristics. Jung cet al, 2019). Materials witha high specific surface area and porosity are aso widely used in construction materials. High porasity can con- ‘wibute to improving the thermal conductivity of building materials; ‘Gupta and Kua (Gupta and Kua, 2017) have already conducted research, ‘on lowering the thermal conductivity of building materials using bio ‘chat. Recently, many papers have been published on the development ‘of building materials that secure the functionality of biochar by making ‘various materials into biochar and mixing them into building materials (Wang et al, 2020, 2018). High porosity and large surface area of biochar can help to improve the hygrothermal performance ofthe material itself. hygtothermal” is a general term for heat and moisture and is defined as “of or pertaining {0 both humidity and temperature (Chang, 2019). Hygrothermal per- {formance in buildings is essential. I the building is not properly built in terms of thermal performance, heating and cooling energy usage fom heat loss or heat gain increases. The moisture effect in buildings impacts construction to the same extent as thermal performance. If the humidity inthe room is not property controlled, it can have many adverse effects on the entire building. For example, moisture can lead to microorganism’s growth causing health problems, functional damage (comin, stain, decay, and etc), thermal discomfort, material deterio- ration, and may promote higher energy consumption and power de- mand (Berger et al. 2015). Moisture transport is a combination of ‘water vapor and liquid displacement, occurring due to different reasons such as capillary migration, diffusion and advection through the porous structures and through cracks (Morishita etal, 2020), Hygrothermal performance is one of the most important factors, influencing the performance of a building, and one of the passive methods to improve itis to improve the hygrothermal performance of the building material tse used in the building, This method is to in- ‘crease the functionality of building materials by using porous materials. Porous materials play an important role in hurnilty control capability and adsorption ability (Lee et al, 2019). The unique porous structure ‘of the material can absorb and release water vapor due to relative hu- midity fluctuations in the living environment; thus i can adjust the in- ‘door humidity during dampening and reduce the indoor latent heat load (Vu et al. 2013). For example, when the humidity starts to rise, ‘the porous material absorbs moisture as much asthe pores and specific surface area ofthe material wll allow. Conversely, when the humidity ‘decreases, the existing humidity can be released again to maintain a better indoor humility Sno the Teal Eminent 775 (2021) S2 ‘There is abundant research on manufacturing building materials by ‘mixing them with a porous material to improve their humidity contol effet. For example, Kang et al. (2018) manufactured a functional gyp- sum board with porous materials such as vermiculite, perlite, and ‘nanacarbon material to improve the hygrothermal performance. Their results showed thatthe porous materials increased the water vapor re- sistance factor and prevented moisture problems when applied to the building envelope. Le and Kim (2018) used bentonite and zeolite as porous materials for humidity control in ceramic board. The ceramic ‘board is manufactured by mixing bentonite and zeolite with 10, 30, 50, and 70 wt of the weight of ceramic plaster. Te addition ofa porous material improves the moisture-absorptive and -desorptive perfor- mance of the ceramic board due to the high specific area and large pore volume of the porous materials. Tran Le etal. (2016) showed ‘that ignoring the transfer of humidity through the buffer 2ones gener- ated by building envelopes, carpets furniture and other structures can significantly reduce the acceptability of indoor air quality during the oc ‘eupancy petiod. Qin et al. (2020) manufactured porous humidity con- ‘tol building material by using metal-organic framework (MOF), ‘hich exhibits very high surface areas and large adsorption capacity ‘The building material with MOF has an effective humidity contol effect ‘operating RH range between 45% and 60%, This study determines whether biochar contributes to a humidity control effect as.a porous material when incorporated into building ma- terials. AS mentioned above, porous materials play an important role in humidity control capability and adsorption ability. Kt can be said that biochar isa suitable material to improve the hygrotiermal performance ‘because ofits high porosity and large surface area. Furthermore, ithas ‘been suggested and proved through many research studies that biochar applied to mortar increases the mechanical strength (Guptaet al, 2020; Gupta and Kua, 2019; Praneeth et al, 2021), but most biochar- related studies ate stil focused on the applicability 28a building material, or in- «creasing strength, Because biochar not only improves strength but also ‘improves hygrothermal performance as a role of porous material, it ‘can sive problems caused by heat or moisture and contribute to energy saving. when applied to the building envelope. Therefore, the objective ‘ofthis study isto present a new perspective of biochar asa building ma- terial. The two types of biochar (biochar manufactured by oil seed and softwood mix) are applied to mortar (biochar-mortar composites) 0 analyze the hygrothermal properties and determine whether itim- ‘roves the humidity contro elect and hygrothermal performance ac- ‘cording tothe biochat types, apart from the mechanical strength In addition this study also analyzes whether a biochar-mortar composite ‘serves asa functional building material, improves the thermal perfor- mance, mitigates moisture problems, and energy savings when itis ap- plied to buildings. 2.Methodology 2. Maerals used andl preparation of biochar-mortar composites ‘The mortar used in this study is dry ready mixed cement mortar (Remitar) obtained from Hanil Cement Company in South Korea. Remitar comprises ordinary Portland cement corresponding to ASTM. (C150, and this chemical composition is shown in Table 1. The compo- ‘nents of Remitar are 6-70% sand, 0-10% fly ash, 1-20% Portland cement, nd 0-108 blast furnace slag. The specific gravity of Remitar is 3.1 and ‘maximum size ofthe sand used is 475 mm. ‘The iochar used was obtained from UK Biochar Centre. Two types of biachar made from oilseed rape (OSB) and mixed softwood (SWB) were used and manufactured under a thermal decomposition condition of 700”C via plot-scale pyrolysisina continuous rotary kiln unit with aca- Pacity of up to 50 kg of biomass per hour. The pyrolysis temperature ‘was increased by buming for approximately 12-17 min under 87-103 °C/min, The specific gravities of OSB and SWB are 0.26 and i ak YUL Ki Joma Tablet Chemical compasons of Remar. ‘emia compostion() Dry ey mine cement mortar (Remar) Si; 796 aos 178 Meo 212 Go 4574 mo ons Ko (031, respectively. The biochar used was ground and replaced according, to the weight percentages of the cement. In order to evaluate the particle size ofthe ground biochar, the par- ticle size distribution was determined by polarized intensity differential scattering (PIDS) using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer (MasterSizer 3000), Fig. S1 shows the particle size distribution of the _ground biochat after analysis by laser difraction. According to the anal 4sis, 90% of the PC particles are sized below 423 jm. while approxi- mately 50% ofthe particles are sized below 32 jun. Inthe case of the biocinar used, 90% of OSB and SWB particles are sized below 112 and 280 jum, while approximately 50% of the biochar particles are sized below 1844 and 46.2 an, ‘Table 2 shows the ingredient proportion of the mortar mix according to the different biochar types (OSB and SWC). Biochar was added de- pending on the replacement by weight of Remitar (2%, 4%, 6%, and '88). All the mortar mixes with or without biochar had a water-cement (w/c) ratio of 0.20. Mixing of the mortar components was carried out ina mechanical mixer at an ambient temperature of 23°C. Solid mate- rials including cement and biochar were dry-mixed first for approxi- mately 10 min, Dry-mixing was followed by the addition of water, and the mixing was carried out for ten more minutes. The mortar was ‘then cast into molds sized 50 « 50 x 50mm for analyzing the compres- sie strength, 100 » 100 x 20 min for analyzing the hygroscopic perfr- mance, and 200 = 200 x 20 mm for analyzing the thermal conductivity. ‘The cst specimens were covered with polythene sheets for 24h before ‘unmolding. After unmolding, al the samples were immersed in water {or moist curing periods of 7 days and 28 days. In order to analyze the hygrothermal properties of the biochar- mortar composites five essential properties: density, porosity, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, and water vapor resistance factor, are equited. The tests or the five properties and others were conducted a shown in Table SI. 2.2. Hygrothermal performance evaluation method of biochar-mortar composites ‘An experiment was simulated to determine the thermal behavior of ‘the biochar-mortar composites when applied to buildings. Te Warme Table? Mixpreporton for te mortar mix accor tthe erent iki e. ‘Specimen Remar (we) ——Bohar wee 56 (wee) SH wa) ro 100) ‘sans ‘sat ‘sans swine swe WEN SwEMs segesess Sno the Teal Eminent 775 (2021) S2 and Feuchte intationar (WUFL) Pro 5.3 simulation tol was used t cal ‘ulate the hygrothermal performance ofthe building layer under teal

    You might also like