II, Measuring & Marking Tools on instrument made up of a blade and stock of steel which is highly =) polished and attached at 90° square with an accuracy of 6,002mm per 10mm, length and is used for marking right angles and measuring straightness of machined or filed surfaces of the a) Try Square: It isa prec Blade b) Bevel Protector: Tt consists of a steel disc divided into 360 divisions. The dial can be rotated ‘around the center the lines at any angle can be Graduated Dise marked or measured by the straight edge (blade). The ee i disc is integrated part of the stock .The stock and the blade are the two contacting surfaces and when the two are locked in position, the degree is indicated on the graduated dise and can be read physically all parts are made up of good quality alloy steel, heat treated Blade 2% highly finished to accuracy. BEVEL PROTRACTOR ©) Seriber & Surface Guage: The Seriber is made of high carbon steel and is hardened from the front edge. It is used for marking of lines even at <7 intlinaton Sa an ‘The scriber is mounted on a heavy base called surface Penne gauge. The scriber can be adjusted to any position with SCRIBER the help of screw and nut. It is kept on the surface plate or any true flat surface during any measurement or markingSurface plate is used for testing the flatness, trueness of the surfaces. Itis made up). of cast iron or graphite. Itupper — True Surface face is planned to form a very smooth surface. Its also used for checking accuracy of try square This plate is used as a reference €or as a base for the vee f) Surface Plat sur block, sine bar etc. and other e ing ents during Fig. measuring instrument 2 7 mee marking and inspection. g) Angle Plate: It consists of cast iron in which two ribs of metal are at right angle to each other Holes are provided for clamping purposes. It is ‘tots for Clamping the Job used for holding and supporting the jobs. Surfaces Machined Square ANGLE PLATE h) V-Block: — It is generally used for round jobs to mark center line. It is used along with *U” clamp to hold cylindrical piece during measurement. It holds the job in “V" portion of its slot +f ‘YEE BLOCK i) Steel Rule : These are measuring instruments made up of stainless steel and are available in many sizes ranging from 6”,12”amd 40”. These are marked in SideOf CentineterSale inches and millimeters. The edges of steel rule should be Side of aches Seale ‘STEEL RULECare of Hacksaw: i) Always move the Hacksaw in perfect straight and horizontal direction. ii) Never tilt the frame while sawing. i) Do not use a new blade in the cut made by another blade. iv) While cutting thin sections wooden piece must be clamped along with the work pieces. ¥) The blade should be tightened sufficiently. b) File: File is also a multi tooth tool. It is used to remove material by rubbing it on the metal. Files are available in a number of sizes, shapes and degree of coarseness. Ferule — ee Length ae aN ‘Wooden handle Heel “Face “Fuge Point PARTS OF A FILE a) Classification of files on the basis of grade. i. Rough (20 TPI) Bastard. (30 TPT) Second Cut (40 TPI) iv. Smooth File (50-60 TPI) v. Dead Smooth (100 TPI) Rough and bastard files They are used for rough cutting where removal of material is more. These files have bigger teeth Smooth and Dead Smooth files | They have smaller teeth and are used for finishing work. Second cut file Ithas the degree of finish midway between bastard and smooth fileFile cuts all metals except hardened steel, The teeth of file are hardened & tempered. The file should be used in’ perfect horizontal position most of the files have their teeth pointing forward, hence the pressure applied should be in forward direction only. The work piece is held in a Bench- vice. Keeping right hand on the handle and left hand on the front end tip. File is moved to and from with a speed of 15 to 25 strokes per minute, Rough tiles are used where material removing is used for finishing work. In order to test the surface of work during filing, a and the line of contract is viewed for more and fine files are siraight edge/try square should be placed on it occasionally day light Method of Fil i) Straight Filing: It is especially useful on long and narrow pieces of work whose width is less than that of the 3 file. In this method, the file stroke is made nearly at right angles to the length of work. ii) Cross Filing: It is most common method of filing for general shaping work. It is used for efficient removal of maximum amount of metal in the shortest possible time. In this method the filing strokes run alternatively from left to right, so that whole of file surface moves across whole of work surface in one stroke. CROSS FILING iii) Draw Filing: The draw filing is used to remove file marks and for finishing operation. During this operation, the file is gripped as close to the work as possible between two hands and is moved lightly to and fro over the work. For this purpose, a fine cut file is used,SOME SAFETY PRECAUTION OBSERVED BY F (For Fitting, Hacksow cutting, Chipping, Grinding, Driling, Tapping, Threading, and Allied Fitting Processes) 1, PROTECT YOUR BODY BY WEARING A BOILER SUIT, AVOID LOOSE CLOTHES. 2. PROTECT YOUR FEET BY WEARING CORRECT SAFETY SHOES. X. PROTECT YOUR EYES BY WEARING SAFETY GOGGLES, ESPECIALLY WHILE CHIPPING, GRINDING, SMITH OPERATIONS. 4. USE PROPER TOOLS FOR RELEVANT OPERATIONS. IT IS IMPORTANT TO HAVE A KNOWLEDGE OF THE VARIOUS. OF THE VARIOUS TOOLS AND MACHINES. S. CHOOSE TOOLS THAT ARE FREE FROM MUSHROOM HEADS, SPLITS, CRACKS IN ITS BODY, ALL M BEFORE USE. SHROOM HEADS, CRACKS, SPLITS ARE TO BE GROUND OR REPAIRED. 6 TOOLS WITH LOOSE HANDLES SHOULD BE AVOIDED. TOOLS WITH SHARPEDGES SHOULD BE HANDLED WITH CARE, NEVER HIT THE BENCH VICE OR ANY CLAMPING DEVICE DIRECTLY WITH HEAVY BLOWS. 8. WHILE HACK SAWCUTTING METAL, PARTING OF METAL REDUCE THE POWER OF STROKES AS YOU COME TO THE FINAL CUT/ FINAL PARTING OF THE METAL. 9. ALWAYS ENSURE THAT THE JOB IS CLAMPED TIGHTLY IN THE VICE BEFORE FILING, HACKSAW IN HACKSAW CUTTING, ENSURE CUTTING, CHIPPING, GRINDING OR ANY DANGEROUS OPERATION 10. THE BLADE TEETH IS FITTED IN THE CORRECT DIRECTION, THE CORRECT THREADS PER INCH IS USED AND THAT THE BLADE IS HELD TIGHT. 11. CARE SHOULD BE TAKEN THAT NO EXCESSIVE PRESSURE TO BE APPLIED ON THE BLADE WHILE HACKSAW CUTTING. 12. BEFORE USING THE HACKSAW TO CUT, TIGHLY IN THE HACKSAW FRAME. 13. DO NOT USE ANY TOOL UNLESS YOU HAVE BEEN TAUGHT TO USE IT Sa SUPERIORS OR ANY AUTHORISED PERSON. 14. WHEN YOU PLACE THE JOB IN THE BENCH VICE, ENSURE THAT THERE IS NO EXCESSIVE PRESSURE USED WITH THE USE OF HAMMER ETC... THE VICE WILL GET SPOILT. 15. ENSURE THAT THE JOB JS FREE FROM BURRS AND SHARP EDGES. URE THAT THE BLADE IS USED SECURED. FELY BY YOUR