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Three pen o behaviey depending on The Gye df COM decker ! Sid Crose seckons ti) Non- ovenlay n> ON ON eps Torsion of Pridmalze Lows AR Ottley — | Using baave Toraiow clabied silaken Kahnigne va a SlRn fuacknn 2. Open Thin walled dechons das A Cc membrane Anslegg 3, closed thin clalled Aectiond Bredts: Formula Classical (ST. ienautal) Tataion Theory aaa Consider a PvY malice bow Ir y arbitra [eon ape be of. oie nedaed 0 + ws a . Non- Gvenlay Aectroy Subjected to Torghe- 5) Assume the fallosiing (geomehie behavrew ) #4. Each east section (@ each 2) stotales a7 a rigid body CNno ‘diatation’ of Cress A€otton Shape Sox; mo X,¥) Ho. Rake 4 twist & Condtank Ha. Cross Dections ot Avee to Warp is The Z-diveckay bet te Goovpingr % the dame for all Cros Sectrons \ this we Saint Venank 4 po thesis’ v — exfentimmal deformation tn the divection of Wav pin gat which te logue t appld. the axis ab _e ovigin GB XYZ & locafed ar Te Cnlie $ fe Gast uk ahich te otala uving twisting. 4 tie Ys abo abic Baten Git aving ‘T y ely t (x-u yey) Pp Tx vi « P rig Pom) Ye : 6 oa 1 Arbilrog Prine Pere bo p(x yew) OFS he —19z (sd) Sit = % = (Of cosk a= “CD% D> = OZ % =e pews ‘wawping- 03 Cnn Aections a defined by a punch fe a= 2 YOY) —-@ ae? = . HS [4=-vea) « v=x64) Specdyr wisi body a 1) ho’ a Amall ansle OF G any es (nx! sle OZ eat one cabuslalea by: be. . 2B, &a% = Ou) y = 94, Wins My XK Ge) By) & jo? fy ‘Oy +25 YS oe io = 9,2 , eG ot oe wie Us -Y82, Ve Oe , w= O44) i 3,294 50, Sy= Boo, Bae Be =e) V5 ~O2 tO, =O Ox a uy = 24,9. o on of poe ve ARs Ye eee = (f# 4) re o( 4) 4 = ef 2 ya cre [eo By nae laos, sub for Fe rSpr 8s Yay Maen Tez 24& +re ge a hay | bred We ala eet c= 2G & the G2= 42 Tem Ty= SF Tey ° a = 268 AC | Gene Vee uly Tuo % yn Cee Trot SY = 66( ga: GY) Constdevig The egpestaricung egpatcs (A464 eqpslcbriuss) QE Tey , OF Ox Mpegs eyo WE 4 9% + 0b, 0% -0 S oy Ox i Zz a We _ % Set oe tlre o= Warple feeb FOLY) must ali hy 5 24 ah eo FH wo Tan G0 2¢ Ow Oyh att) shrews chew Differenbee with rupet 7 Wher Ge. % Wg wee subtracts QO) 2 a -60- 4@ =- 298 = 4 ese Kw. One & osluiry Cappalione Bde _ a. 4 ay ax aloy uilk Te give Bound any Onditiot, shies ws pdomalie bart he Ackewined One a Ot Venanle appicach to tots im Pd me Long eas ee ate Membrane fi fot Tovaiw Probleme CPrandtls Mewlbrane For a number sf 610% eckons, de Cannit fad sito Apeactions We cay Aesort to aw aunslangy wubardlucee by Paandt| (1402). (onside a membrane Undew Promsune fe ‘Membrane! = .sfractune | whose Micknens % dmall Compared to Aurfuce dimensions and & (thus) has yeqbagible orting nigidily (eq. Soap bubble => membrane Caves load Via a Constant a) “temile force along i itzelf. Ne. Membfane B 4 (plate u 2p ahalegy a & beam). sFeth the membrane over a cabot j ie | a of We Cress beconal Ahape da Me K-Y pe Top View 9 fe membyane under Pnesoure “eo CBr “pe. we: Se em N & and BAL one Owall Representation 7 pejoonte defoliation of iafisinel Coen clement 4 2D analogy ha shiny side view) of defolenation of membyare Under freteune . Pa ey ay t i ) ) i Te have So Pisa, Re = —! tds oad a4 for Spptibaoen Se Bo deen Take 2 Componenti of N fompmnenk = —N sia x Ou Ee” tit arenas ga An pg OW i. ay By Zz component eaN oy Ti, - 0 => D0 a gnsy mea 0] + 2 (B) 4] oy ay nde .dy 46 aos of 2&4 =0 ax < a G XAY ENED: Be n 36 bs tnt de dy =n 2a Ay Y 9y> ax 4 28 Ay 4G. dxdy =0 : ax 4 On* y by axdy one Te Rpesns arial Apeeatial Salis Aw deflection, Woof & omembyane - Ebandany: Gudition : Membrane “a attached ak boundary, go w=0 aloup te Contour. = Exactly fie Aame of Torston Problem . fovtel Tovaton membrane favtial Ae an & . vge-=D vn - fA tic 1 (a1 weo Contour! Boundary Condition gad on) Gon * Anal GH Toraron ow 2? 2 PHS Dore Equation fr Shear Shea due to Toroien Cifeulon Gr& Sectow —_— is The Laie Sqpotien for Taraton O chase , oe we 4 2% 209 =O 4 Cuy) & Me + Su— 09 warping function The Ainnpleal” Abluhioa to Gre Louy) cou above eapolia 2 pe Constaw be a Gmadtant ov a Palymonatad Boundony Gmdior has to be ae | Ty degree 8 we @- Te dene Tages Pounder Grn depending oo If pecding on Neb Wie One ke FoGt + eget Tyo" j= Tit 4 5,™ + Te" z = Ugh +" Meese ee Sood) cx free froma RL nto | ycyroek

OY. o¢ =0 an 97 a . (a Fecouned, (e-a)er- (ort) & 20 “4 He vat <0 pest) a ay ic M Ha 4 tia ayy ane We Concinalia 4 = Cmstank, ae se ete Ge oun dawy, Hence, the boundong phe nctee w= oY my) | yOuy) = Grater ae ae 7 ued hv shine & re {fecerdandr = Fp PHIO T= 670 O= eR “| aaa which & a Gritemb qa se Fm tad heh ao ab deck one fd, the COK Oech to Sb Zep OF every eteaestas a doesnt Har. The Sheav Skene one given 2 a 6(28 -49) = 9° ( ae -y) §( Bm) = 4° (7) -MLy es ae ee - Gey G 427 a tee Ga ho ty2 = Goh | Ke ‘ y ei 2. phe aed dp we Qealtaw te =” [ _/ ace aes = Tok | yw TF ee “e Se \tes = y Quulkew Cheer Chee Sh Cacies Te het en = (EE )* > oe PHU hae 2 & te diag Lak 4 The fork wn, nko denvakar ov thea shen ty Crovlaw Shafts Fadia oo" OO OSD Thor walled tubes Unde Torsion Piz. & thicknew XN Wee: Caw vamp acoes Me cfs Jamas But Thiclenenn along Ga Un remains bee td tig COME - ——————— toasider 0 shite on Te fatrak dodpue, 4, me tebe ASSN by efe. & UV fe FR aching on % ee f f: Kovguaabal fees. Due to Cv0se a (% % ty »>—_ fet Shear Lypivelonce / Bom = Fy fir Sqpilibaume a ze divedoa Ansa 8 Seihuse enclosed by 48 = tyal qr tal = Geral ieee Gt, = Ete 2h = EAL ee ER, 1 Te = Constant cabled oo Y we a Called shear foo (%) used Synonimant 4 fuck foo + pyc Const. Aves x Vela y-_, m/sec ferrule fev Thins salled tubed ee called Total fowe acting OW G dwall Sonfete. 4) este as = eas hear flso.# AS = tds = yds Tne moment oun abnct oa i Paw 1 Texagne qunevated = KW = (4-d)i dt = q ds Total tage ackig om The Cris dedeny Law “i far = [reads o lm T= ¥ Soas 3 T= 4: 2Am shear sheen AE bung, sundie outa = Si 7 Ake Asx) gds = 2aA fras = 2am ° 2Am 2 [T= pln at Am ia Called cheaw plas Analina Ie Me nnd Tovaie applied , trramess olf The Aediay Kw Caltulateel & Sheav hin Fw Ke Cituslar Of Aw = tat a

Single Cela thes 3 Tulip eats cubes Celldf Sing Ualled bes (Sige wraltert) s A ieee meee Al distances bet. Mediaw tne Ext fras/ P22 lw 1 holly M tbe OT de + Sb, So HW alog te Wensinns mangle ge ese CG = 276x101 Ne) &, = 0-012 t, = 0.006 ts =o 0l ae 0-006 T= 56,500 nes Soly Appla- Taare , Te 24 kw [q-ce] 450 = 2p OTK OE i [qa @ 226000 uy, son shea alain a Car Bina _Y = 226000 “im _ P 2 q He, pol ™ oceans ri er = 226000 ~ 37.66 7x 108 Nay? Ten| 2 Gaye 0:006 = Y= e ee . = # ds a | t & = 226000 sé 2X 246X101 x OSX0-25 ds s ie +e a aby ike ib i o. @= 000696 radiant, =r —_—______ Thin fubes — multi celled vv Mulkiple Walled Apo Aicn a Ce 4 AL -a—— 2 heavy fw 4 Heb = UH uw <— ak ds | a,-44% \ - ds aos Dy € «| a i: Oo ats uff as ce 4 = Canc wtegral a a =L[a4,-aa4,| 4 44 @ 240 L[ ait, -4 | 4 [4.7 a4] GC 1 I 2qe= 7 q AL LUA, + 24,42 O Toqe, t= T+ = Procedime to Sdlne multinvalled ficin tubes inde MT torsion All dadtanted Headed ow Median line - = Beck (thidcners coll tublar fue The Sheaw Determ Q = A= a } 70. ds _ 4 Benga pea Se, Hop ala, = FEF A+ ete te a ds a a a a = Sa 2 Spas Ae Ap et Cll, hye. € Et ete th Ft web a as — 12. "Ee 2.68 = Le 91.4, | =D 248 = [Par £40 Speds e-@ Ta = oS Lh aah te SL SF Se fe Ot [4-4 (eS a te S Tape T= 1th = 24,4 +20 be = ont a a ae 47 2, ae eat 0 Ga> [4-9e) Seen om Jaz yar kar shea {les Beet Oe a ae har Augle g tetst ae f2T. eA 246 = 2.[ Ha, Sas ut — lo “O° = |=a53 le twist ja bs 28 Get ac. aes SS ec a all Tabular Soe oe The une’ a - havi ene: fatewser ; 4a Conventional airtel al a ing Cees ha excern al he. Aveo. be. H PAlg cel 4 7 i aa 2 et alr [49, = 4.4, | P to [es Y, — 366 4] 298 = £1894, ~ 0544, Gua: -] —>@ — 2qe5 4+ q a [asd = Qn 4] a et | 2 = ~ 2000 [eect 766 a] 2G8 = 124,- O1BG oO (0000 #00 = 24, 680 + 21-36 4, # 2000 Mhre we the Sheaw feb we Ge wo Cll O¢ 2 e exas/748 [P78 a fe thin thadlad plaal sed Bw Aubjected to a tedshe Shear Stirs ty The toll mont T. Calunlale TH mame ase fos won eg Te ber. Sdideoy A= a piz0 a P20 z A,= 2ax2a= 4a fou ll ost 2 Re pte Ca fH A Qs as 22), 2 (£9) fu_ Web. wee oar $$ =) tv Gl 260 =

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