ACADEMIC ENGLISH PROFICIENCY TEST (AcEPT) VOCABULARY MODULE Jor internal use only by Anggit Darmatadara, M.A. Pusat Bahasa — Fakultas IImu Budaya Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta 2018INTRODUCTION TO ACEPT VOCABULARY This section tests your knowledge of academic English vocabulary that might be found in academic texts such as scientific journals, textbooks, and scientific articles. The Vocabulary Comprehension Section of AcEPT is the second section of the AcEPT. There are thirty questions organized into two parts: Part A and B, Each part has its own direction. Participants are given twenty minutes to answer the question, Part A: Cloze Test Part A contains fifte items which test your knowledge on using vocabulary. There are three texts written in formal English, which might vary in subject matter, length, and purpose. In this first part, five words have been removed from each text. For each number of an item, there are four options containing words or phrases, so you are required to fill in the blanks with the most appropriate word. Examples of Cloze Test Section For questions 1-5, choose the word or phrase in A, B, C, or, D which best completes each blank space in the text. ‘The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009, which came (1)___effect in April this year, is meant to transform the education sector and take India closer to the goal of universal schooling. But with admissions to the new academic session just 2)___the comer, it is fast becoming clear that (3) __well-intentioned ideas into (4)____will take some doing, For a start, the guidelines for admissions under the RTE prohibit schools from conducting any sort of student profiling. The stress on a random yet justifiable admissions process means that schools will have to resort to something as quirky as a lottery system. However, leaving admission to a good school to pure (5)__will only incentives manipulations, defeating the very essence of RTE. 1 A.with 2. A. around 3. A. forming B. for B. near B. taking Cin into C. having D. into D. about D. translating4. A.efflect 5. A. benefit B. ideas B. merit, C. practice C. basis D. concept D. chance Part B: Collocations Part B contains fifteen items which test your knowledge of English collocations. The typical item being tested is collocations, particular word combinations that exist in English and phrasal verbs. Each item of this section consists of one sentence contains an incomplete collocation, Therefore, you must complete the collocation by supplying a suitable word, Examples of Collocation Secti Directions: For questions 1 — 2, choose the word or phrase in A, B,C, or D that best collocates (combines) with each of the underlined words or phrases in the following sentences. 1. The company offers its employees free language training but not many people advantage of it. A. make B. do C. take D. keep 2. To work in customer service, you need to be able to keep __ head. You can’t get upset every time someone yells at you, A. composed B. calm C. cool D. solid‘One Final Note The purpose of this module is to build on vocabulary knowledge. This should not | discourage you, but rather encourage you to question, learn, practice, study, and enrich your knowledge in the English vocabulary in academic context. You need to have review and do not stop to remember what you have leat.UNIT2 PREFIXES, SUFFIXES, AND WORD FORMATIONS A. INTRODUCTION ‘A good knowledge of prefixes and suffixes is essential to building an effective vocabulary. The more familiar you are with fundamental word parts, the easier it will be to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words. B. EXPLANATION 1. PREFIXES Prefixes are syllables attached to the beginning of words to change or add to the meaning of root word in some way. For example, the word prefix itself uses the prefix pre-, meaning before. Thus the meaning of the root word, fix, changes: _fix: to place securely or firmly prefix: something placed at the beginning of a word The other example is in the word incontrovertible and inept. Both use the prefix in-, meaning not-not disputable and not suitable of competent. In order to provide the better references of the use of prefixes in vocabulary, these followings are the information about the types of prefixes and their examples. a, Prefixes of Negation These prefixes below can be added to nouns, adjectives, or verbs to change their meaning to a negative one. Prefix Example un- | unhappy, unreasonable mis- | misunderstand, misuse non- | nonreactive, non-academic de- | deactivate, deemphasise ‘mal- | malnutrition, maltreat ‘pseudo- | pseudo-drama, pseudo-democtac) ‘ab- | abnormal, aboral ine inexpensive, insufficient ir irregular, irresponsible dis-_ | disbelieve, disagreement im-__| impersonal, imbalance ‘mis- | mismatched, misunderstand canti-_| antiwar (against) ‘contra _| contrast (against)b. Prefixes of Number ‘The following prefixes describe numbers. Prefixes Meaning Example sol- one solo uni ‘one ‘unique ‘mono- ‘one monologue bie two) bicycle du two) duet trie three ‘triple quad- four ‘quadruplets oct eight ‘octopus dec- ten decade cent hundred ‘centur ‘mil ‘thousand millimetre ‘semi- half semifinal c. Prefixes of Size & Amount The following prefixes describe sizes or amounts. Prefixes Meaninj Example ‘min= ‘small ‘minimum ‘micro~ ‘small ‘microphone ‘macro- large macroeconomics ‘mega- large megaphone ‘magn= large magnify ‘ambi- both ambivalent ‘multi- ‘man multiple poly- ‘man; polygon ‘omni- all ‘omnipotent auto- self! automatic 4. Prefixes of Lo The following cation or Direction fixes describe where and when things happen, Prefixes Meanin; Example i around circulate ex out exit ine in include re back return sub- under subway tele- far telephone trans= across ‘transatlantic ante- before anterior fore- before foretell end finish before previous after postpone2. SUFFIXES A suffix is a combination of letters added to the end of a word or word root. Suffixes are used either to form new words or show the function of a word. For example, the suffix “ist or -ion added to a noun describe people, forming words like “motorist” and “musician”, These followings are the information about the types of suffixes and their examples. ‘a. Noun suffixes Suffixes Explanation Example ~ist used for people’s polities, belief, and | Marxism, Buddhism, (person) | ideologies, and sometimes their | journalism, anarchist, and —ism | profession physicist, terrorist (activity or ideology) ~ist used for people who play musical | pianists, violinist, cellist instruments nes used to make nouns from adjective ‘goodness, readiness, *note: what happens to adjectives that | forgetfulness, happiness, end in - sadness, weakness ~eF used for a person who does an activity | writer, worker, shopper, teacher = or ‘used fora person who does an activity [ actor, operator, sailor, supervisor -er-or | used for things which do a particular | pencil-sharpener, bottle- job opener, grater, projector “er/-ee | can contrast with each other meaning | employer/employee, ‘person who does something’ (-er) and | sender/addressee, payee ‘person who receives or experiences the | (e.g. of a cheque) action’ (ee), “(Dion) [used to show activities complication, pollution, reduction, alteration, donation, admission b. Adjective suffix Suffixes Explanation Example “able | means “can be done™ drinkable, washable, readable, recognizable fd means “notable for™ artful, delightful, ~esque | means “in a manner of or resembling” | picturesque “ic, -ical_| means “having the form or character | musical, methodical of” “ious, ~ | means “characterised by” jealous, religious ous ~ish means “having the quality of” childish, sheepish ive means “without” meaningless, hopeless2 ‘means “characterised by” beauty, jealous c. Verb suffixes Suffixes Explanation Example “ize_ | means “to make” ‘modemize, commercialize, industrialize means “become” ‘mediate, collaborate ‘means “become” sharpen, strengthen, ‘means “become or make™ justify, simplify Suffixes Explanation Example “yy means “related to or quality” softly, happily =ward | means “direction” ‘towards, afterward =wise | means “in relation to” otherwise, likewise 3. WORD FORMATIONS Sometimes several words can be formed by adding various prefixes and suffixes to a single word root. The word root path comes from the Greek word pathos, which means “suffering”. Ten different words can be formed by adding the prefixes and suffixes shown below to the root path. These words relate in various ways to the idea of suffering, understanding suffering in others, or disliking someone enough to feel that they are insufferable. 1. WORD FORMATIONS USING PREFIXES Prefixes are usually used to form new words, which may convey very different ‘meanings and change the word classes. a. Adjectives to Verbs Prefix Word New Word ‘Meaning large enlarge to make it larger new renew to make it new b. Nouns to Verbs Prefix [Word [New Word | Meaning ‘em power | empower to make something happen une [earth ‘unearth to dig up of earth©. Nouns to Adjectives Prefix Word | New Word Meaning im= ‘mortal | immortal ‘not mortal Te new renew to make it new 2. WORD FORMATIONS USING SUFFIXES Suffixes are widely used to form new words, which may convey very different meanings and change the word classes. a. Verbs to Nouns Word Suffixes | New Word Meaning communicate | “ion ‘communication | the act of communicate discover |-¥ discovery the action of discovering ‘commit “ment | commitment to be committed teach “er teacher ‘a person who teaches b. Noun to Verbs Word | Suffixes | New Word Meaning beauty | -ify beautify to make beautiful ‘glory “fy glorify to make glorious length | -en Tengthen ‘to make it longer ©. Adjectives to Verbs Word | Suffixes | New Word Meaning false “fy falsify alter information clear “ify clarify to make understandable 4d. Nouns to Adjet Word New Word Meaning year yearly reckoned by the year earth earthly belonging to the earth €. Adjectives to Adverbs Word ‘| Suffixes | New Word Meaning quick aly quickly to make it quick 10terrible | -y terribly ‘extremely bad basic -ally basically ina basic manner f. Verbs to Adjectives Word [Suffixes [New Word ‘Meaning depend | -ent dependent to rely on reflect e reflective have a quality of reflecting ‘translate _|-able ‘ranslatable can be translated convert | -ible convertible able to be converted C. EXERCISE EXERCISE 1: Complete the following table by writing words that fit each category. Do not use any verbals (gerunds, infinitives, present or past participles). There may be more than one possibility for some categories. Use dictionary if necessary. NO VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE HERB i formation 2 beautiful 3 restrictively 4 know e creation 6 imaginative Z widely 8 quick 9 large io craziness EXERCISE 2: Use the word given in capital at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap of the same line, The first (0) is given as an example. Although recently there has been a small reduction (0) in the (0) REDUCE number of people out in Europe. a) (1) EMPLOY is still the number one... --es0(2) problem facing the (2) SOCIETY fifteen number states of the European Union. 1Moreover, .... women is still an issue that. countries have not come to grips with. In.... and (3) of opportunity between men and (3) EQUAL (4) in many (4) POLITICAL (5) such as law (5) PROFESS engineering women are still noticeable by their absence. (©) EMPLOY 0) still discriminate against female............(7) ina number of (7) EMPLOY ways even if their............++4(8) are the same as those of men, (8) QUALIFY It would be a pity if the ................(9) ofthe EU on an (9) ACHIEVE economic level were marred by .. s-sevee(10) in the vital area of (10) FAIL, social policy. EXERCISE 3: For questions 1-15, choose the word or phrase in A, B, C, or, D which best completes each blank space in the text. Text 1 A first step in articulating knowledge culture then is to pay attention to these references. For example, national science-policymaking bodies (1) actual knowledge production by being directly relevant to this production, and these institutions ‘exemplify the knowledge culture of a country. Another example of a knowledge-related (2) pertaining to the wider society is the notion of a risk society, the idea that we are increasingly confronted with risks and uncertainties emanating from the very technological, (3) __., and other achievements of modernity. The risks are seen as ontologically threatening and cannot (4) be eliminated by more expert knowledge (e.g., Beck, 1992), From the present perspective, the description of Westem societies as risk-societies expresses and elaborates a particular cultural viewpoint on risks: an ‘epistementality”” that may shape the way expert knowledge is embedded in legal frameworks, schemes of citizen- participation, and the like (Gibbons et al., 1994). The term “knowledge culture” also points, to those practices, distinctions, and beliefs that relate to knowledge issues in indirect but specific ways. An example may be the cultural organization of achievement and (5) that may set the conditions for the formation of knowledge elites. 1, A.context 2. A. category 3. A.science B. contextualize B. categorize B. scientist C. contextuatization C. categorically C. scientifically D. contextual D. categorical D. scientific 24, A. simple 5. A-equal B. B. equality Csi C. equalize simplicity D. equalization Text 2 Ina business context, body language can be particularly important, especially if you are trying to sell a product. Many (6)__ businesses give advice to companies and their employees on body language that is associated with successful salesmanship and how to read clients’ body language. When you first meet a client, for example, it is best to use open gestures, Outward and upward (7) of your hands create a positive feeling, and putting the fingertips of one hand against the fingertips of the other conveys confidence. Clasping your hands behind your head as you lean back in a chair can suggest arrogance and may tum away (8)__ clients. Placing your hands on each side of your waist shows confidence and attracts others. For men, unbuttoning a suit jacket will signify an open attitude that you're willing to talk or (9)_. Taking off your jacket is really powerful. And rolling up your shirtsleeves suggests you are ready to discuss the final price. As you talk with prospective clients, watch their body language. If they cross their arms or close their hands, they are probably not receptive to you and your message. You need to relax them and reassure them by sending out body messages that create a positive atmosphere. If you notice them copying your posture and gestures, they are probably interested in your sales (10)__. Copying-or “mirroring”-suggests that your clients are receiving and accepting your messages. However, if they cover their mouth, or touch their noses of areas near their eyes, they are withdrawing. In this situation, perhaps you need to try a different approach. 6. A. success 7. A.move 8. A. prospect B. successfully B. movement B. prospectively C. successful C. movable C. prospective D. successfulness D. movably D. prospection 9. A.negotiate 10. A. presentative B. negotiable B. presenter C. negotiator C. present D. negotiation D. presentation Text 3 Today, technology is a subject of debate because it is considered to be a double-edged sword. While it has helped humanity in extending its potential with outstanding (11) : 3Bit is nonetheless threatening humankind through some other (12) ones. In addition to polluting the earth in unprecedented ways, wars have become more and more devastating due to technological inventions. Ethical dimensions of recent technological developments, such as, DNA engineering, have become a focal point of questioning and discussion. Philosophical debates have arisen over the use of technology, with (13)__over whether technology improves the human condition or worsens it. To make matters worse, a consensus definition of technology has become more difficult to find due to recent evolution in science and its (14) It is especially confusing to decide whether technology refers to the machines (or more precisely the hardware), the rules that (15) or make them work, the system that operates them or jence that are related to them. What the different applications of s is sure is that technology has shaped societies and adapted itself to people's changing needs. 11. A. inventions 12, A.destructively 13, A. disagree B. invent B. destruct B. disagreements C. inventory C. destruction C. disagreeable D. inventive D. destructive D. disagreeably 14. A. applicant 15. A. government B. apply B. governor C. applications C. govern D. applicable D. governance EXAM TIPS + Read quickly through the text to find out the topic and understand the gist of it. Do not ook at the distractors yet. Pay close attention to verb tenses, active and passive voice, connectors, pronoun referents, nouns, adjective, and so on. + Read through the text again, looking at the answer choices given. Look at the context (the surrounding words) for clues. + Use a process of elimination to disregard any choices you think are not suitable. Do not be afraid to choose an unknown word to complete the blank. Try to guess any ‘unknown words from the context. + When you have completed the cloze, read it through again to make sure your choice is correct at both the sentence and discourse level. 14UNIT4 PREPOSITIONS & PHRASAL VERBS A. INTRODUCTION Phrasal verbs are combinations of verbs like put, take, come, and go and prepositions like in, out, on, and off and adverbs as particles. Some phrasal verbs are vey easy to understand. For example, it is not difficult to understand sit down or come in because their meanings are obvious. But many phrasal verbs are very idiomatic. Idiomatic means that there is no way to know what the verb and preposition mean together by knowing what the verb and preposition mean separately. Every students who study basic English learns what the words call, run, off, and out, but that does not help the student 0 know that call off means cancel or that run out means use all of something. B. EXPLANATION 1. PREPOSITIONS Prepositions are short words, which are used to show 1) position, example: on the table, under the bed, 2) location, example: at work, in class, 3) direction, example: into the house, across the street, and 4) time, example: on Monday, in October. They combine with nouns and pronouns to create phrases and indicate the relationship of these phrases to the rest of the sentence. Prepositions can perform within phrasal verbs as particles — defined as a function word that also lacks definite lexical meaning but expresses a grammatical relationship with another word, for example: - The coyote runs affer the rabbit. - The disagreement should blow over shortly. LISTS OF PREPOSITIONS about [before | despite | ike t0 since above behind [down [near | toward | through across [below | during | of under throughout after [beneath [except | off ‘undemeath against [before | for on until along [beside [fom | out up among | besides | in outside | with around [between | into over | within at beyond past without 152. PHRASAL VERBS. AS states before, phrasal verbs are verbs that are made up of main verbs together with an adverb or a preposition, or both. For example: She has always looked down on me. Fighting broke out among a group of 40 men. Pil see to the animals. Do not put me off, I'm trying to concentrate. The report spelled out the need for more staff. In the first example, the phrasal verb ‘to look down on someone’ doesn’t mean that you are looking down from a higher place at someone who is below you; it means that you think that you are better than someone. EXAMPLES OF PHRASAL VERBS (see the appendixes to see more examples) Verbs | Particles Meaning Examples «care Thave to look after my sick look after take care of powered le think less of, consider | Ever since we stole that chocolate bar - oe inferior ‘your dad has looked down on me. i. a ome Tim looking for a red dress for the wedding. took | #™2rd | 10 excited about the future | !'™ H0oking forward to the Christmas to break. We are going to look into the price of look into investigate Geos oy took | out | Pecarelil vigilant. and | ook out! That car's going to hit you! Don't forget to look out for snakes on look | out for | be especially vigitant for tbe hiking tall. a — Pn Can you look over my essay for spelling mistakes? search and find look up | information ina reference | We ea look Her phone number up on book or database ae look upto | havealotof respect for | My little sister Pe looked up 16Josie made up a story about why we make up invent, lie about sth tar ‘We were angry last night, but we make up forgive each other mode op at caf eee My sisters made me up for my make up apply cosmetics to ai ay communicate, make | I tried to get my point aeross/over to | aerossiov = cr understandable the judge but she wouldn't listen. 1 was surprised how well my new like each other Bet | alongjon girlfriend and my sister got along/on. My grandfather can get around fine ee | ad have mobility in his new wheelchair. We worked so hard this year that we get away g0 on a vacation had to get away for a week. away | do without being noticed | Jason always gets away with cheating et 7 with or punished in his maths tests We got back from our vacation last get back return week. ‘Were going to freeze out here if you get a step onto a vehicle don't let us get on the bus. recover from an illness, | I just got over the flu and now my get over loss, difficulty sister has it. The company will have to close if it get — overcome a problem can't get over the new regulations. finally find time to do (get | I don't know when I am going to get get | round to around to sth) round to writing the thank you cards. ruStudying phrasal verbs is not about studying particles and verbs, which are combined together; however, you should know the patterns of English phrasal verbs. Followings are the explanations about the pattems and structures of phrasal verbs. A. Transitivity Phrasal verbs can be intransitive (i.e. they have no object): We broke up two years ago. They set off early to miss the traffic. He pulled up outside the cottage. or transitive (i.e. they can have an object) The police were called to break up the fight. When the door is opened, it sets off an alarm. ‘They pulled the house down and redeveloped the site. b. Word Order ‘The verb and adverb elements which make up intransitive phrasal verbs are never separated: ¥ We broke up two years ago. X We broke two years ago up. ‘The situation is different with transitive verbs, however. Ifthe direct object is a noun, ‘you can say: They pulled —thehouse_ down [direct object] ¥ They pulled down the house. If the object is a pronoun (such as it, him, her, them) , then the object always comes between the verb and the adverb: ¥ They pulled it down [direct object] X They pulled down it. ¢. The Meaning of Phrasal Verbs ‘Sometimes, itis difficult to understand the meaning of phrasal verbs. Before looking, them up in a dictionary, it would be helpful to use the context to understand them. © Literal Meaning Some phrasal verbs have a literal meaning. They can be easily understood. For example: 18- She opened the door and looked outside. - She was walking across the street when she heard the sound of an explosion, + Idiomatic Meaning Phrasal verbs can also have a figurative or idiomatic meaning which makes them difficult to understand. For example: ~ Can you put me up for tonight? The phrasal verb ‘put up’ here does not mean to build (as in putting a fence up. It has, however, an idiomatic/figurative meaning. It means to let someone stay in your house. C. EXERCISES EXERCISE 1: Choose the appropriate phrasal verb to fill in the blanks of each sentence, 1. His father always taught him not to__ those people with less. (look up to / look down on) 2. Stop complaining and ___your work! (get on with / get over) 3. The boss wants you to___your figures for this month to him. (hand out / hand in) 4, We're going to have to___ our trip to Spain until September. (put up/ put off) 5. 1_____ Amir today at the supermarket. It was great to see him. (ran out of / ran into) 6. I'm so tired of Sophie _her engagement ring all the time. (showing off, showing, up) 7. The police would not _ to the kidnappers demands. (give up/ give in) 8, [thought I would ___ for a cup of coffee. Is that okay? (drop of! drop in) 9. Have you ever___such an unusual piece of art? (come forward/come across) 10. It’s important to___on time. (show up / show off) EXERCISE 2: Now write the infinitive of each of the eight phrasal verbs with ‘turn’ from exercise I next to its meaning below. The first one has been done for you. ) become known turn out ©) reject b) increase the volume leave a road ©) become g) return arrive h) disconnect 19UNIT 3 COLLOCATIONS A. INTRODUCTION A collocation is when two or more words naturally go together and sound correct together. This also refers to restrictions on how words may be used together, such as which verbs and nouns can be used together, and which prepositions and verbs can be used together. For example, in daily expressions, some people say heavy rain, or light rain, instead of strong rain or mild rain, Heavy goes well with rain whereas strong does not. This sort of language behaviour is called collocation. There are many cases in English when it is difficult to know which words go well with the word you want to use, because there are no clear rules. Some ‘words just sound right together, while others do not. B, EXPLANATION 1, VERBS THAT COLLOCATE WITH NOUNS When using a noun in a sentence, it is needed to know verb go well with it. The followings are the mistakes with these verbs. Uncommon Collocations ‘Common Collocations doa bath take a bath do an effort make an effort do a crime ‘commit a crime say a joke tell a joke, make a joke, or crack a joke 2. ADVERBS THAT COLLOCATE WITH ADJECTIVES Often it is difficult to predict which adverb will be used with a particular adjective. Some adverbs occur quite often before some adjectives such as perfectly normal (same as very normal) and grossly misleading (same as very ....). * bitterly ashamed! disappointed/ cold NOT bitterty successful © hight * deeply divided! grateful NOT deeply developed. ‘There are a number of intensifying adverbs that can be used instead of very or extremely y successful/ accomplished NOT highly divided/ grateful with adjectives, such as: + highly controversial (= very controversial) * highly is adverb and controversial is adjective + deeply offended (= very offended) + bitterly disappointed (= very disappointed) 213. ADJECTIVES THAT COLLOCATE WITH NOUNS Some collocations are composed by adjectives and nouns and this means that a specific noun always follows a specific adjective. NOTE: Adjectives give connotative meaning to the noun. USE + Collocations have no rules regarding their formation; as a consequence we have to Jearn them by heart with practice and time. ‘Adjectives | Noun Example Collocation Heavy [rain ‘We were walking in heavy ri snow Itis difficult to skin in heavy snow. trafic was late due to heavy traffic. suitease We should not carry a heavy suitease alone. Strong | wind The strong wind did not allow to go for a walk yesterday accent He speaks English with a strong Russian accent. taste Horseradish has a very strong taste, smell This coffee has a very strong smell. Rich vocabulary | She reads a lot of books and has a rich vocabulary. ‘culture Greece has a very rich eulture. history ‘This region of the UK has a very rich history. Big disappointment | ‘The documentary was a big disappointment. failure The game show was a big failure. mistake He admitted he made a big mistake. surprise This episode was a big surprise for us. 4. SYNONYMS AND CONFUSABLE WORDS a. COMMON SYNONYM PAIRS The (a) and (b) words in each pair in the table have similar meaning. Sometimes either word can be used in a sentence to give the same meaning, but in the collocations bellow only one word is possible. synonyms (a) example (b) example {@) close | The chairperson closed the ‘She was very rude ‘She said Shut (b) shut | meeting at 4.30. your mouth!” (Impolite way of telling (We elose Someone not to speak) meetings/discussions/conferences, | A dentist might ask you to close your etc.) mouth, ‘Shut is generally more informal. (@) start | Ttwas a cold moming and I could | Before the universe began, time and (b) begin | not start my car space did not exist. (Start, NOT begin, is used for (Begin, is preferred in more formal engines and vehicles) and abstract contexts) @ big Tt was @ big decision to make. Twanted the sweater in the large size (b) large | There were some big problems to | but they only had medium. solve. 2@ end The film ended with the hero Thaven't finished my homework yet. (b) finish | dying. (Finish here means complete). ‘They ended their relationship a ‘year ago. (End here means decide to stop) (a) charge | Tneed to charge my phone. They loaded the lorry and drove (b)load-—_| (used for batteries, electrical items) | away. (used for cargoes, lorries, vans, ships, weapons, etc.) (@injure | Three injured people were taken to | The shop tried to sell me a damaged (b)damage | hospital after the accident. sofa but I noticed it just in time, (collocates with words to do with | (collocated with words for things) people) (@ grow __| In the south the farmers grow Tin the north the farmers mostly raise (b)raise | erops. cattle, (Collocates with crops, plants) (collocates with animals, children) b. VERBS CONNECTED WITH GAINING, WINNING, AND ACHIEVING ‘These typical collocations connected with “gaining” or ‘achieving’ verb | collocates example ‘comments _| with gain | power, control, | The socialist party gained | Gain is offen used with access control of the National abstract nouns relating to Assembly. political authority gain [areputation, | Her paintings gained Gain is often used with (formal) | publicity, recognition thanks to a major | abstract nouns that suggest recognition, an | exhibition in New York. benefit to the ‘gainer’, advantage win) an award, a | He won a medal in the 2004 | Win is offen used in contexts prize, amedal, | Olympic Games. associated with competition. amatch win) abattle, a war, | The conservation party won | Win is often used in contexts, an election | the 1994 General Electi associated with fighting. eam | asalary, T earn $2119 a month You earn money by working ‘mone: fort. make | a profit, money | The company made a profit | You can make money by last year. investing etc., not just by working. achieve | success, your | T's difficult to achieve ‘Achieve is used mainly with goals, your —_| success in international sport. | abstract nouns. aims beat? a team, an He defeated his opponent in | You win a match but defeat | opponent the tennis final beat/defeat an opponent. Defeat is more formal than eat. 2BEXERCISE 1: Choose words from the list to complete the sentences. You will need certain words more than once, and some words you will not need at all. Invent a sentence for the word(s) not used. travel cruise trip voyage journey tour excursion expedition holidaycrossing drive flight 1. We went on a sightseeing of London. 2. We're going ona day to the country. 3. The retum, from Spain took 35 hours. 4, We won the raffle and the prize was a 2-week along the coast of Turkey and round the Greek islands. It’s a pity I suffered so much from seasickness on the from Dover to Calais that I caught the first back from Paris and decided to spend my in England, 5. At the moment he’s away on a business 6. We had a great holiday in Scotland but the __ home was horrendous: traffic jams virtually all the way. 7. The Titanic sunk on its maiden___from Liverpool to New York. 8. He took me out for a in his new sports car but it rained and I got absolutely drenched and ended up with flu! It's a I won’t forget in a long time. EXERCISE 2: Circle the verb in each line which does NOT collocate with the noun. 1, accept, act on, disregard, follow, ignore, ask, solicit, take ADVICE 2. come up with, expect, get, tell, require, provide, submit ANSWERS 3. Build up, close down, set up, wind down, build down, take over, wind up A BUSINESS. 4, deal with, ignore, answer to, examine, ignore, reject, respond to, file ACOMPLAINT 5. accept, answer, come in for, give rise to, make, reject CRITICISM 6. endure, do, enjoy, have, share, undergo, live, benefit from AN EXPERIENCE 7. seck, be sacked from, give up, lose, search for, take on, work AJOB 8. approve, draw up, finalise, project, implement, propose, set up, outline A PLAN 9. Jet down, make, put in, reject, put forward, submit, rebut, tum down, AN APPLICATION 10. apply, bring down, expect, rise, improve, lower, meet, comply with STANDARDS. 24ACEPT PRACTICE TEST 1 A.For the questions 1-15, choose the word or phrase in A, B, C, or D which best completes each blank space in the text. Text 1 A Frenchman, the psychologist Alfred Binet, published the first standardized test of human intelligence in 1905. But it was an American, Lewis Terman, a psychology professor at Stanford, who thought to divide a test taker’s ‘mental age’, as revealed by that score, by his or her chronological age to (1) at a number that he called the ‘intelligent quotient,’ or IQ. It would be hard to think of an acronym that has had a greater (2) on the way people think about themselves and others. No country (3) the IQ-and the application of IQ testing in society-more thoroughly than the U.S. Every year millions of Americans have their IQ measured, many with a direct (4) of Binet’s original test, the Stanford-Binet, although not necessarily for the (5) Binet intended, 1. A.derive B. revive . ‘ ae : C.surviv ancestor eee C. descendant D. legacy 2. A. portent 5. A. steps B. impasse B. truth C. impact C. target D. potent D. purpose 3. A. embraced Busing C. took D. worked Text 2 Antarctica is the great unknown regarding the effect it has on the world’s climate, and its remoteness means that it has always been unpredictable in relation to any global treaty and kept pristine by environmental protocol, that actually gave the first solid evidence of the (6) refrigerators and aerosols were (7)__on the atmosphere. And it is Antarctica, the last great (8)__ Great Flood. that is now seen in almost biblical terms as the source of the next ‘The Western Antarctic Ice Sheet is the last remaining marine ice sheet on earth, and when it responds to warming-past and present- will determine the fate of great stretches of coast around the world. Complete (9) of the ice sheet would raise sea levels by six 27meters. While in spite of the threat contained in this great reservoir of water, no one knows what keeps it in check and how the ice sheet maintains its (10) of growth and decline, 6. A. compact B. impact 9. A. collapse C. effective B. trapping D. directive C. prohibition D. parts 7. A.having B. taking 10. A. grind C. giving B. cycle D. putting C. livelihood D. orbit 8. A. wildness B. wilderness C. wildebeest D. wildlife Text 3 The exact mechanism of transmission of leprosy, a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, is not (11) At least until recently, the most (12) held belief was that the disease was transmitted by contact between cases of leprosy and healthy persons. More recently, the possibility that the respiratory route might transmit it is gaining ground. There are also other possibilities such as transmission through insects which cannot be completely ruled out. When Mycobacterium leprae was (13) by G.A. Hansen in 1873, it was the first bacterium to be identified as causing disease in man, However, treatment for leprosy a4) appeared in the late 1940s with the introduction of dapsone, and its derivatives. Leprosy bacilli resistant to dapsone gradually appeared and became widespread. There are now an estimated 1.2 million cases in the world, with (15) half a million new cases per year. 11, A. known 12.A. largely 13. A. discovered B. recognized B. extensive B. unearthed C. conceived CC. broad C. invented D. there D, widely D, located. 14, A. lately 15. A. such B. only B. around . just C. near D. exclusively D. about 28B. Choose the word or phrase in A, B, C, or D that best collocates (combine) with each of the underlined words or phrases in the following sentences. 16, 17. 18, 19. 20. 2. The majority of rain in Spain falls mostly on the central plain. A. big B. vast C. most Dz far The fact there is a gap between the rich and poor in my country is worrying A. climbing B. lengthening C. widening D. soaring In ‘years we have experienced a rise in the number of cars on the road. A. last B. latest C. past D. recent Twas disappointed when | failed my driving test. A. bitterly B. strongly C. forcefully D. largely Many ____ species can be found on the grasslands and in the jungles of Africa. A. risky B. imperiled C. endangered D. unlucky The intemet added a to crime. A. new area B. new dimension C. new zone D. new criminality Darwin and Wallace were the first scientists to the theory of evolution. 23. 24, 25, 26, 21. 28. A. predict over B. made up C. plan out D. put forward The police said that the details of what happened are stil not available. A. precise B. really C. best D. exactly There was circumstantial ‘was involved in the crime. A. suspicion B. providence C. evidence D. signals that he . The police have now confirmed that the air crash was caused by human AL Fault B. mistake C. lapse D. error 26.The issue you mentioned under the heading of ‘old business’, and the meeting has already moved on to ‘new business’, A. circles B. files C. stores D. falls The old library is being aday care center. A. exchanged for B. replaced for C. converted into D. interchanged with All our efforts were in as they didn’t offer us the contract. A. reaction 2929, 30, B. vain C. expectation D. estimation The price of gas has___again A. gone out B. go against C. put off, D. put on My mom made a number of remarks about my cooking, which I n't like . cutting, knifing chopping grinding 30