COMPILATION OF JEL LESSONS

NAV 6
LESSON 1.1 to LESSON 1.13

Code: shxxxt69uWu
1. Lesson 1 Prelim:
1.0 MAJOR ELEMENTS OF ECDIS:
a. COMPUTER
b. DISPLAY
c. SOFTWARE
d. IMO COMPLIANT ELECTRONIC NAVIGATION CHART
1.1. INTRODUCTION & FAMILIARIZATION PLAN
ECDIS is an acronym for Electronic Chart Display and Information System. This is a
computer system that conforms to the regulations of the International Maritime Organization and
makes it possible to view electronic charts. It can be used in some cases as a substitute for paper
charts on board merchant ships. The requirements for ECDIS are stipulated in
the SOLAS -Convention. Not officially recognized systems are electronic chart
systems mentioned. From June 1, 2012 ECDIS is phased in for all vessels larger than 3000 GT and
passenger ships larger than 500 GT. To qualify as an ECS ECDIS system must:comply with the
IMO Performance Standards for ECDIS (IMO Resolutions A817 (19) and MSC.232 (82));use by
the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) authorized maps;Set up the maps and present
according to the IHO standards S52 and S57.
Types of ECDIS
There are two different types of ECDIS and both are used in different sectors of
marine areas, in spite of the technology involved being the same.
Vector ECDIS: The vector variation of the electronic chart system is used mainly by
government naval vessels than commercial ones. The Vector ECDIS adheres to the norms set up
by the International Hydrographic Organization and is well advanced in the sense that, it can be
pre-programmed to indicate any threat to a naval vessel’s position in case other ships and naval
vessels are also in a similar location in the water.
Raster ECDIS: These are a more traditional variant of the ECDIS. In these, navigational
charts that are charted out in paper are scanned and converted into the Electronic Chart System
format. Because of such a conversion, it so happens that if one wants to zoom in or zoom out a
particular navigational route, the process is quite easy and feasible. For the purpose of display the
navigational charts in this particular electronic chart system, the technology of Raster Chart Display
System (RCDS) is used in case there is an absence of the Electronic Navigational Charts.
The concept of ECDIS is something that is gaining more and more popularity in today’s times. This is
mainly because the concept has been officially allowed to be incorporated in the naval vessels and ships.
By adopting this method of marking and charting navigational routes, it has become easier to avoid any
unwanted accidents as this electronic chart system uses modern technology rather than
human aid.The ECDIS as an electronic Chart System is something that allows shipping
companies and ship owners a lot of mental freedom when it comes to the safety of the vessel in
the water. Because of this technology, it can be said that the aspect of navigation has become
faster, simpler and sleeker.
For inland developed its own complementary system: Inland ECDIS
There are two major types of electronic nautical charts, namely
1. RNCs (Raster Navigational Charts) and 2. ENC ( Electronic Navigational Charts ). Raster
Navigational Chart
A Raster Navigational Chart is a grid map that is created by scanning the original paper chart and
is an exact copy of that card. The card is made up of thousands of tiny dots that make up a
flat, digital pose image. Such a card is similar to the familiar paper product and, although it is an
electronic card are hardly manipulated. The officially published raster map is called Raster
Navigational Chart, abbreviated RNC. English ARCS is the most famous RNC service. The
acronym stands for Admiralty Raster Chart Service and consists of 2800 grid maps or RNC, which
enable global coverage is available from the same quality and accuracy as of the charts.
Benefits of RNCs
Easy so cheaply from existing maps.
They look like paper maps so is also easy to interpret older seafarers information from the card.
Of all the areas in the world are RNCs available.
Disadvantages of RNCs
It is a direct copy of a paper map, at far zoom the individual pixels become visible and
decreases reliability.
There is no metadata available about objects in the map such as buoys and lights.
This card takes up more memory space as the RNC resolution increases.
Electronic Navigational Chart
Are also called vector maps. In fact, ENC officially published vector maps. ENCs are maps in
which all data is stored as individual elements. The built-in intelligence provides the vector
map many more options for navigation -support than an RNC or raster map.
The intelligent vector data stored in 'layers' and contain all the contours that are on nautical charts,
such as coastlines, buoys, lights, and so on. These contours and their characteristic properties, such
as position, color and shape are stored in a database through which the data can be selectively made
visible. For this reason seem ENC to a lesser extent in the traditional cards.
What is the difference between a raster chart and a vector chart?
Many CHS charts are available in digital form as either a Raster Navigational Chart (RNC) in the
BSB format or as an Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) in the S-57 vector format. Both kinds of
electronic charts, when used with navigation software, relieve the navigator of many of the
traditional paper chart routines, and contribute to safer navigation.
RNCs are simply an electronic image of the paper charts and as such provide no more information
than that available on the paper chart. Raster charts are digitized by scanning the paper chart. Each
tiny segment of each line on a chart is converted to a raster picture element or pixel. Similar to a
television picture, when magnified they appear as dots on a grid. Beyond geo-referencing, there is
no intelligence inherent in the raster image. Many recreational boaters have adopted raster
electronic chart systems because the charts are less expensive and the navigation software
required to use these charts has been tailored to meet the needs of the recreational boater.
ENCs are vector charts or "smart charts" and are coded with additional information not available in
paper or raster charts. ENCs carry a wealth of geo-spatial intelligence through a database of
information associated with them. On an ENC the user can click on different features, such as a
light or buoy, and retrieve additional information about the feature. For example, a wharf appears
only as an image on an RNC, but an ENC can identify it as a wharf and attach attributes to the
wharf, such as height, length, age, ownership, number of berths – data that might otherwise be
available only by consulting the relevant printed Sailing Directions.
ENCs also provide users with more control over the display of the chart, including the ability to turn
different layers of information on and off. Because ENCs offer more powerful navigational
flexibility and tools, they are typically used by commercial ships. When displayed on an Electronic
Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) and integrated with other data, such as GPS
position, radar, planned route, heading, speed and draught, ENCs become part of a powerful system
that allows mariners to know their ship’s position instantly and accurately and to be warned of
dangerous situations.
Various information of ECDIS system enter. A number of things are obliged:
1. ENC data; This is available from official hydrographic institutions.
2. Colors and symbols; these are standard, and can be retrieved and laid down when a user wants.
3. The position of the vessel; ECDIS should always reflect the position of the vessel on the map, by
means of data entry of positioning equipment.
4. Changes of the shell; one must be able to zoom and ECDIS must, even if the user has to be small
scale,
can give warnings.
5. Display Mode; This is the north or the own course can be put up. When one takes the ship and
the other
card with a rate change.
6. Depth figures; where is the depth.
7. Other navigational warnings; the RADAR or ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting Aid) must be
added.
The sources that may come in are:
a. GNSS (GPS, GALILEO, GLONASS.Etc.) and Loran, to find the right spot on the earth and those
in the project card.
b. The price of the gyrocompass , to see what the direction is, what dangers and what direction.
The speed of the ship will be generated through the designation of the log through the NMEA
interface is so precise positioning data (NMEA National Marine Electronics Association; NMEA
0183 Standard for Interfacing Marine Electronic Devices, data record).
c. The radar can be connected both raw data from a raster scan radar, or a synthetic ARPA, so
that other ships in the card can be put.
This information is recorded by ECDIS and projected on the screen with the right card
underneath. It is not just a program to run in ENCs, but it also provides information. For
example, one can accentuate special things, or dimming, such as buoys or certain depth lines.
Benefits ENC
The card takes up less memory space because the data in the map as vector saved
Objects in the chart (buoys or lights) can metadata be obtained which can be quickly retrieved the
light character or shape.It is possible for certain specific information layers to omit or just adding to
clarify the 'picture'.The planned route can be checked for sufficient depth because the depth map is
an information layer.During navigation can be made use of "looking ahead function posing a risk
of grounding and collision with solid objects decreases. Disadvantages of the ENC

Not all the regions in the vector map are available as ENC.
The danger is that omitted vital information when used improperly.
An electronic chart display and information system, or ECDIS, is a navigation system that uses
digitized information, specifically electronic navigation charts. It allows navigators to access digital
navigation data in an easy and fast manner to aid them in ship navigation. It can be used instead of
paper charts used in traditional navigation, but it needs to comply to the standards and regulations
set by the International Maritime Organization, or IMO.
Here is some more information about the ECDIS and how it is used:
a. Are All Electronic Chart Navigation Systems Considered ECDIS?
Not all navigation systems that use electronic charts can be considered an ECDIS. A navigation
system needs more than just the ability to read digital charts to be considered an ECDIS. It needs to
incorporate other information into electronic navigational charts, or ENCs, like global navigation
satellite system , (GNSS) global positioning system data, or GPS data, fathometer data and radar
data in assisting navigators plotting courses and voyage routes. Other information and data can be
used to be layered into the usual digital navigation information as long as they all comply to
standards and regulations of the IMO. This means that only digital navigation systems that use IMO
compliant data are to be considered ECDIS.
b. Components of an ECDIS
The major elements that compose an ECDIS are the computer system (including all essential
hardware to make it work), a display, software and, of course, IMO compliant electronic navigation
charts. For an ECDIS to be considered an ECDIS, it needs to be installed according to the standards
and regulations set by the IMO. Installation includes the setup of the computer hardware, the display
and the application software.
c. Capabilities of an ECDIS
The functions of an ECDIS include planning, plotting and monitoring routes, displaying of
electronic navigation charts in different modes by accessing a database of IMO compliant digital
charts, warnings and alarms, customization of display colors and sizes, tracking of ships, recording
and playback of navigational events and logging of preset navigation targets. With this features and
functions, the navigators of a ship can safely plot their course using several sources of approved
data. Other tools for monitoring course and planning of routes can be utilized but the ECDIS can
function as the main navigational tool in a ship.
d. Using and Maintaining an ECDIS
Using and maintenance of an ECDIS goes beyond just displaying electronic navigation charts. Its
display can be controlled in terms of brightness, color and size, so some training is required to use
and interpret the data presented on the ECDIS display. It needs to be regularly checked for optimal
performance. Constant monitoring of its temperature, vibration and any kind of electromagnetic
interference must be observed to make sure that is functioning properly. Calibration should be
administered every once in a while to make sure that it is providing the correct data to navigators in
a safe and accurate manner. Performance standards set by the IMO should be satisfied first before
an ECDIS is approved for official use in a marine navigation.
IMO RESOLUTION A.817 (19) PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR ELECTRONIC CHART
DISPLAY AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ECDIS) Note: The IMO Performance Standards for
ECDIS are reproduced in this publication for convenience, with the kind permission of the IMO.
1. The primary function of the ECDIS is to contribute to safe navigation.
2. ECDIS with adequate back-up arrangements may be accepted as complying with the up-to-date
charts required by regulation V/20 of the 1974 SOLAS Convention.
3. In addition to the general requirements for ship borne radio equipment forming part of the global
maritime distress and safety system (GMDSS) and for electronic navigational aids contained in
IMO resolution A.694 (17) *, ECDIS should meet the requirements of this performance standard.
4. ECDIS should be capable of displaying all chart information necessary for safe and efficient
navigation originated by, and distributed on the authority of, government authorized hydrographic
offices.
5. ECDIS should facilitate simple and reliable updating of the electronic navigational chart.
6. ECDIS should reduce the navigational workload compared to using the paper chart. It should
enable the mariner to execute in a convenient and timely manner all route planning, route
monitoring and positioning currently performed on paper charts. It should be capable of
continuously plotting the ship's position.
7. ECDIS should have at least the same reliability and availability of presentation as the paper chart
published by government authorized hydrographic offices.
8. ECDIS should provide appropriate alarms or indications with respect to the information displayed
or malfunction of the equipment.
1.2 PURPOSE OF ECDIS
it should enable the mariner to execute in a convenient and timely manner all route planning, route
monitoring and positioning currently performed on paper charts. It should be capable of
continuously plotting the ship's position. Should have at least the same reliability and availability of
presentation as the paper chart published by government authorized hydrographic offices and
should provide appropriate alarms or indications with respect to the information displayed or
malfunction of the equipment.
should reduce the navigational workload compared to using the paper chart.
Sources : Course Notes on Navigation 6 Operational Use of Electronic Chart Display and
Information System ( ECDIS ) compiled by Capt. P.L. Punay
1.3 VALUE TO NAVIGATION
An Electronic Chart Display and Information System ("ECDIS") is a geographic information
system used for nautical navigation that complies with International Maritime Organisation (IMO)
regulations as an alternative to paper nautical charts. IMO refers to similar systems not meeting the
regulations as electronic chart systems (ECSs).
An ECDIS system displays the information from electronic navigational charts (ENC) or Digital
Nautical Charts (DNC) and integrates position information from position, heading and speed
through water reference systems and optionally other navigational sensors. Other sensors which
could interface with an ECDIS are radar, Navtex, Automatic Identification System AIS), and 
depth sounders. From Wikipedia
1.4 CORRECT AND INCORRECT USE OF ECDIS
With the advent of technology, the use of Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS)
is becoming increasingly popular. While the use of an ECDIS does have its advantages, it
can have a negative impact if not used correctly and this is known to be a causative factor in major
claims such as collisions and groundings. Due to the perceived cause of these incidents we would
like to draw our Members’ attention to Regulation 19 of chapter V of the Safety Of Life At Sea
(SOLAS) convention which permits an ECDIS to be carried as part of the on board navigational
system, provided it meets the chart carriage requirements as detailed in regulation. The ECDIS
must be type approved and in order to do so and it must meet the required performance standards
(MSC.1/Circ.1503, ECDIS – Guidance for good practice).
It is important to remember that personnel operating the ECDIS must have undergone appropriate
ECDIS training. It is understood that the ECDIS training and certification requirements, as per
the 2010 Manila amendments to the STCW code will not be in force before 1st January 2017.
The amendments to the STCW Convention via circular STCW.7/Circ18 – 22 May 2012 include a
limitation on the STCW deck officer endorsement of the Certificate of Competency (COC). This
renders the COC invalid for service onboard ECDIS equipped vessels in the event no evidence is
available to demonstrate that a deck officer has undergone the required ECDIS training. It is
therefore advised in the interim, that Members should ensure navigating officers on board their
ships using ECDIS are trained to existing standards such as the IMO ECDIS model course (1.27).
Notwithstanding the statutory training mentioned above, Members should ensure that navigating
officers are familiar with the specific ECDIS model available on board through a familiarisation
program. As far as practicable, it is advantageous that the same make and model of ECDIS is
installed on all fleet vessels to assist this familiarisation process. This would help to reduce the
incorrect use of the ECDIS such as not including the correct layers of the electronic chart and
helping to ensure that all the data available on the corresponding paper chart is displayed on the
ECDIS.
If paper charts are the primary means of navigation on board the vessel, then it is imperative that all
navigation, including, but not limited to, chart work, passage planning and position fixing is carried
out using the paper charts. The primary source of navigation, whether paper charts or an ECDIS,
should be kept updated at all times in accordance with SOLAS Chapter V/27.
If a non-type approved ECDIS is discovered fitted on board a vessel, it is strongly recommended
that the ECDIS be decommissioned to stop unauthorised usage. The prohibited use of these systems
must further be emphasised by displaying prominent notices upon the equipment to show it is not to
be used for navigation. Such measures should also be included in the shipboard navigation
procedures. Further details on the requirements of ECDIS can be found on the IMO website
following the link: www.imo.org.
1.6 VESSEL POSITION
Review User’s Interface Methods
ECDIS should be provided with means for either automatically or manually carrying
A Chartplotter is a device used in marine navigation that integrates GPS data with an electronic
navigational chart (ENC). The chartplotter displays the ENC along with the position, heading and
speed of the ship, and may display additional information from radar, automatic information
systems (AIS) or other sensors. As appropriate to particular marine applications, chartplotters may
also display data from other sensors, such as echolocators/sonar.
The term ‘global navigation satellite system’ (GNSS) refers to a constellation of satellites
providing signals from space transmitting positioning and timing data. By definition, a GNSS
provides global coverage.
GNSS receivers determine location by using the timing and positioning data encoded in the
signals from space. The USA’s NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) and Russia’s
Global'naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) are examples of GNSS.
Europe is in the process of launching its own independent GNSS, Galileo. Since 2011, four Galileo
satellites have been launched and used as part of the In-Orbit Validation phase, allowing the first
autonomous position fix to be calculated based on Galileo-only signals in March 2013. The
Commission aims to have the full constellation of 30 Galileo satellites (which includes six in-orbit
active spares) in operation before the end of this decade." Galileo will be interoperable with GPS
and GLONASS. This interoperability will allow manufacturers to develop terminals that work with
Galileo, GPS and GLONASS.
a. AIS - Automatic Identification System
b. ARPA - Automatic Radar Plotting Aid
c. COG - Course Over Ground.
The GPS system’s calculation of the ship’s heading in relation to the installed chart
system d. DGPS - Differential Global Positioning System
An enhancement to GPS that uses a network of fixed, ground-based reference stations to
broadcast the difference between the positions indicated by the satellite system and the
known
fixed positions
e. DNC - Digital Nautical Charts
A vector-based digital product designed to give navigators an up-to-date seamless database
of the
world. DNCs are published by the National Geospatial-Intelligence
Agency f. EBL - Electronic Bearing Line
A feature in a radar that is used to determine the relative bearing of an object from
the observing ship’s bearing
g. EC - Electronic Chart
h. ECDIS - Electronic Chart Display and Information
System
i. ENC - Electronic Navigational Chart
j. GPS - Global Positioning System
k. HDT - Heading True Used to send heading information from the gyro-compass to other devices
including radar and ECDIS
l. IBS - Integrated Bridge System
m. RENC - Regional ENC Coordination Centre, RENC validates and distributes ENCs from
producing nations to end-users. Only two currently exist, PRIMAR in Norway and IC-ENC in the
UK
o. RNC - Raster Nautical Chart
p. SENC - System Electronic Navigational Chart
q. SOG - Speed Over Ground, The GPS system’s approximation of the ship’s speed in relation to
the installed chart
r. TCS - Track Control System, Via a connection with the autopilot, TCS in an ECDIS controls
that the ship’s GPS position follows a pre-planned track
s. TTM - Tracked Target Status, Used to send tracked target information from ARPA to ECDIS
t. VDR - Voyage Data Recorder
u. VRM - Variable Range Marker, A feature of radar used to determine relative distance to
any target seen on the screen
v. VTS - Vessel Traffic Services
w. WEND - Worldwide Electronic Navigational Chart Data
Base source: www.ecdis-info.com/

Difference Between Electronic Chart Systems from ECDIS

THE SUBTLE BUT IMPORTANT DISTINCTION BETWEEN AN ECDIS AND AN
ECS Published: 29 November 2002 06:19 Updated: 08 July 2006 06:19
Many think that because they use electronic charts on their ship they have an ECDIS. Nothing could
be further from the truth. ECDIS stands for Electronic Charts Display and Information System and
ECS stands for Electronic Chart System.
Whilst the difference is subtle it is very important. The ECDIS specifications have been defined by
various organizations and approved by IMO. The very definition of ECDIS means that to meet the
carriage requirements users MUST use official Electronic Navigation Charts (ENCs). If you have
a type approved ECDIS on your ship, using ENCs produced by a Private Data Provider makes
your machine revert to the status of an ECS.
The IMO regulations stipulate that when carrying a type approved ECDIS with official ENCs,
navigators meet the carriage requirements and thus can reduce their paper chart indices. This is
not so for ECS.
Using an ECDIS therefore reduces the expenses associated with the carriage of paper charts:
initial purchase, replacement, freight, correction service, etc. There are other advantages too that
are difficult to quantify including improved safety, navigators training and comfort with the new
technology, voyage recording and playback capabilities and others.
The criteria for official ENCs have been defined (and changed many times) and are listed in the S-
57 specifications. Unfortunately these criteria were defined at a time when few hydrographic
offices around the World were in a position to produce ENCs in this format (many still are not).
This fact resulted in two trends of philosophy, one followed by the Hydrographic Offices and
the other one followed by Private Data Providers (PDP).
C-Map, Transas and Navionics and others are “en-block” referred to as “Private Data Providers
- PDP”. These companies realized that they had the know-how to produce Vector charts in what
is technically the same or very close to the description of S-57. However they are not
hydrographic offices and therefore their data cannot be considered as official and should be
referred to as “Electronic Chart Database- ECD”.
Whilst some Hydrographic Offices invested in technology and production capability to produce and
distribute S-57, some did nothing (due to lack of resources or interest or other reasons). Others
created technology to produce Raster format, which is a facsimile of the paper charts, and a few
years ago IMO
approved that in the absence of official ENCs, the type approved ECDIS could use official
Raster charts.
Further information on Electronic Navigation Charts, including ECDIS vs. ECS, the variety of data,
Private Data Providers, the value of ENCs, coverage and AIS, can be found in George Arts’
newsletter in ‘Latitude Longitude’, issued by Marine Press of Canada.
howard.snaith@intertanko.com
NOAA Electronic Navigational Charts (NOAA ENC®) are vector data sets
that represent NOAA's newest and most powerful electronic charting product.
NOAA ENCs conform with the International Hydrographic Office (IHO) S-
57 international exchange format, comply with the IHO ENC Product
Specification, and are provided with incremental updates that supply Notice
to Mariners corrections and other critical changes. NOAA ENCs and updates
are available for free download. NOAA ENC data may be used to fuel
Electronic Chart and Display Information Systems (ECDIS).
www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/

The System Electronic Navigation Chart (SENC) is the database created by an ECDIS from the
ENC data.
Raster Navigation Chart (RNC) is a Raster-formatted Chart produced by a National
Hydrographic Office.
Raster Chart Display System (RCDS) is a system which displays official Raster-formatted charts
on an ECDIS system. https://www.google.com.ph/

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS:

Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) – the data base, standardized content, structure
and format, issued for the used with ECDIS.
System Electronic Navigational Chart (SENC) – The data base resulting
the transformation of the ENC by ECDIS for appropriate use.
Standard Display – means the SENC information that should be shown when chart is first
displayed.
Display Base – means the level of SENC information which cannot be removed from the display.
S-52 – the Data (ENC), display aspects, color tolerance which allowed to display. S-57 – the
System (SENC), digital hydrographic data, deals more with different graphical objects and
symbology.
International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) – has the responsibility for standardizing the
chart objects for ECDIS.
National Hydrographic Office (NHO) – the publisher of official data for electronic chart of
the maritime nations.
Nautical Chart – a chart specially designed to meet the requirements of the marine navigation
showing depths of waters, nature of bottom, elevation, configuration and characteristics of coast,
danger and aid to navigation.
Raster Chart Display System (RCDS) – all data is in one layer and one format. Digitized picture of a
chart.
Digital Nautical Chart (NC) – used in conjunction with Navy Navigation Version of
integrated bridge.
Paper Chart – is a nautical chart that complies with the above requirements and in accordance with
technical resolutions by IHO.
Chart Data – is a data used in paper and electronic charts
Hydrographic Source Data – is a data gathered in many different ways from different sources,
used in compilation and maintenance of nautical chart products. ECDIS Data may include the
following :

a. Geographical info, depths

b. Lighthouse symbols, buoys
c. Own Ship vector, past track
d. Range rings, bearing lines
e. Navigational Warnings
f. Planned work, Chart work
g. Shallow water, Boarder lines
h. Fix accuracy in other system
1.11 OPEN SEA
Errors Affecting the Performance of ECDIS in the open Sea
An elementary understanding should be attained of the principles of ECDIS, together with a
full practical knowledge of:
1. Starting and setting up ECDIS; connecting data sensors: satellite and radio navigation system
receivers,
radar, gyrocompass, log, echo-sounder; accuracy and limitations of these sensors, including effect
of
measurements errors and ship's position accuracy, manoeuvring on the accuracy of
course indicators
performance, compass error on the
accuracy of course indication, shallow water on the accuracy of log performance, log
correction on the accuracy of speed calculation, disturbance (sea state) on the accuracy of
an echo-sounder performance; and
2. The current electronic chart display and information system performance standards adopted by
the Organization*. www.imo.org/
1.12 CHART QUALITY & ACCURACY
Accuracy of Chart Data Dependent Upon
1. Setting up and maintaining display
2. Operational use of electronic charts
3. Route planning
4. Route monitoring
5. Alarm handling
6. Manual correction of a ship's position and motion parameters
7. Records in the ship's log
8. Chart updating
9. Operational use of ECDIS where radar/ARPA connected
10.Operational use of ECDIS where AIS connected
11.Operational warnings, their benefits and limitations
12. System operational tests www.imo.org/
Assess the inaccuracies and ambiguities caused by improper selection of chart for display: When own
ship position is on display, chart data list is sorted by scale, When own ship position is not on
display (viewing elsewhere), chart data Jist is sorted by name( alpha), ECDIS displays largest scale
data (smallest area) on the topmost layer, but the user may prioritize by format, especially ENC to
keep ECDIS in the ECDIS mode, Automatic chart loading may be switched on or off or held to a
user-selected chart (fixed) Display updates in order to review content and to establish their inclusion
in the SENC: Review their contents, Determine that they have been included in the SENC.
Demonstrate and analyze the data and chart alarms resulting from over scaling (zooming in) and
under scaling (zooming out) Demonstrate and analyze the data and chart alarms resulting from use
of a non WGS84 geodetic datum.
2.0 WATCHKEEPING WITH ECDIS
2.1 SENSORS
Various Sensors Alarms and Indications
Analyze Various Sensor Alarms and Indications:
Activated when ECDIS receives no data from the external output device, Displayed in the second
line of the Information Area as they occur, Use Alarm button or free cursor on 2nd-line message
to disable the
sound and message from the display, Alarm submenu function remains orange parameter returns to
set limits, or when function is deliberately turned off, Correct response is to check the operation and
connection of the relevant sensor. www.pmo.ir/
2.2 PORTS AND DATA FEEDS
Performance Limits of Devices for Position, Course Over the Ground, Heading, Speed,
Depth, RADAR and AIS
Understanding the performance limits of sensors and assesses their impact on the safe use of
ECDIS.
1. Familiarity with the performance limits of devices for position, course over ground, heading,
speed,
depth, radar, and AIS, especially concerning:
Availability, Accuracy, Integrity.
2. Understanding the need for selecting sensor data displayed in ECDIS that is appropriate and
unambiguous, and accurate. Demonstrate the impairment of ECDIS when sensor performance
     deteriorates.  www.pmo.ir/
2.3 CHART SELECTION
Chart Information
Primary and Secondary Position Source
On board there were two DGPS receivers, named as No1 and No2. In ECDIS the primary position
source was given as POS 1 and secondary as POS 2. Despite assumption POS 1 could be DGPS
receiver No 1 and POS 2 – receiver No2 respectively, that wasn’t the case.
In reality the primary position was fed by receiver No2. Primary position source is the first source
for position displayed on ECDIS, high-accurate and reliable, normally it’s differential GPS receiver.
If for any reason this position source fails or becomes unreliable, ECDIS will change over to use
secondary position source. www.nautinst.org./
Data Port Assigned to its Connected Sensor
Knowledge of selecting data ports, and assesses sensor input values and use of functions that
are integrated with other navigational systems.
1. Select between primary and secondary position source.
2. Observe automatic change over to secondary position source.
3. Familiarity with the data reference system of each connected sensor: Geodetic system, Antenna
position, Transducer position, Clock or time source
4. Knowledge of the data port assigned to each connected sensor
5. Monitor, identify and to a limited extent decode the data stream for each attached sensor: Select a
sensor and monitor the data stream (live or simulated), generally recognize the
sentence
syntax associated with the sensor, Where possible, associate data with displayed
navigational information
6. Assess the plausibility of sensor input values to ECDIS.
7. Assess the impact on displayed information when a sensor port is improperly. www.nautinst.org./
Impact on Displayed Information when a Sensor port is improperly Selected
1. Demonstrate the variety of methods that chart data can be loaded and changed: Automatically,
Manually for the presently loaded route, manually from the total portfolio, Manually displayed by
the cursor position, during the activity of the operator using the graphics cursor.
2. Assess the inaccuracies and ambiguities caused by improper selection of a chart for display:
When own ship position is on display, chart data list is sorted by scale, When own ship position is
not on display (viewing elsewhere), chart data Jist is sorted by name( alpha), ECDIS displays largest
scale data (smallest
area) on the topmost layer, but the user may prioritize by format, especially ENC to keep ECDIS in
the ECDIS mode, Automatic chart loading may be switched on or off or held to a user-selected
chart (fixed)
2.4 CHANGING SETTINGS
How to Obtain Information on Charted Objects
1. Manually test the major functions of hardware, keyboard, mouse I trackball, sensor data, and
chart data.
2. Primary information panel: Primary task panels, Primary information panel, Ship, Alarm, Chart,
Logbook,
ARPA, Configuration, Add Info (user layers), Route
3. Demonstrate alarm and function status indications: Alarms, time, position update, heading and
speed
log, Route keeping, heading vectors, chart scale, track, logbook functions.
Demonstrate Error of Interpretation by the Incorrect Selection of Safety Values
1. Demonstrate errors of interpretation by the incorrect selection of safety values: Safety depth; Safety
contour; Least depth alarm; anti –grounding alarms, Alarms for sailing along a route.
2. Adjust track length and precision.
Check an or Select Preferred Operation Settings in Primary Information Panel
Check navigational conditions (own ship progress, charts displayed, etc.), Check routing events
(including manual notations), Check system events, Display additional data groups Familiarity
with the range of information recorded in the log table (voyage recording Familiarity with the
range of information recorded in the log table (voyage recording): Check navigational conditions
(own ship progress, charts displayed, etc.), Check routing events (including manual notations),
Check system events, Display additional data groups.
2.5 Chart Scaling
 Overscale and underscale refer to the display of electronic chart data at too large and too small
a scale, respectively. In the case of overscale, the display is “zoomed in” too close, beyond the
standard of accuracy to which the data was digitized. Underscale indicates that larger scale data is
available for the area in question. ECDIS provides a warning in either case. (msi.nga.mil/)
- Overscale of the display will spread out chart and user information with the possible loss of
familiar cues for estimating
distance
- Underscale of the display may cause some information to be hidden
- Underscale with SCAMIN off will result in unacceptable clutter due to data density
(webcache.googleusercontent.com)
a. Demonstrating Scaling of Electronic Chart Display
- Scale and select scale value
- With chart autoload switched on, use zoom function
- (Zoom) and use cursor to draw quadrangle around area to view
(webcache.googleusercontent.com)
b.
Recognizing, Interpreting Errors Due to Scaling
Many electronic chart
positional discrepancies that are observed today originate from graphical chart
compilation techniques of the past. The manual application of survey data of varying scales to the
fixed chart scale was a source of error that often introduced biases
manual application of survey data of varying scales to the fixed chart scale
was a source of error that often introduced biases. In the past, source
information at large scales would often have to be reduced with a copy machine
so it could be overlaid and transferred to the master version of the chart. Today, when NOAA
survey crews and contractors obtain DGPS positions on prominent shoreline features, and compare
those positions to the chart, biases may be found that are on the order of 2 millimeters at the scale of
the chart (e.g., 20 meters on 1:10,000-scale chart). High accuracy aerial photography reveals similar
discrepancies between the true shoreline and the charted shoreline. It stands to reason that other
important features such as dredged channel limits and navigational aids also exhibit these types of
biases. Unfortunately, on any given chart, the magnitude and the direction of these discrepancies
will vary in different areas of the chart. Therefore, no systematic adjustment can easily be
performed that will improve the inherent accuracy of the paper or electronic chart. (ntl.bts.gov/)

Lesson 1 – Elements of ECDIS

1. ECDIS Performance Standard is defined in what IMO Resolution?

a. IMO Resolution A.816 (18)

b. IMO Resolution A.816 (19)

c. IMO Resolution A.817 (18)

d. IMO Resolution A.817 (19)

2. The requirement for the installation of an ECDIS has been in force in _______.

a. June 2012

b. July 2012

c. June 2013

d. July 2013

3. ________ are maps specifically designed to meet the requirements of marine navigation,
showing amongst other things depths, nature of bottom, elevations, configuration and characteristics of
coast, dangers and aids to navigation.

a. Nautical Charts

b. Admiralty Charts

c. Raster Charts

d. Vector Charts

4. The following are ways to updates charts on ECDIS EXCEPT ________.

a. DVD

b. e-mail

c. online

d. flash disk

5. ________ is a grid map that is created by scanning the original paper chart.

a. Nautical Charts

b. Admiralty Charts
 c. Raster Charts

d. Vector Charts

6. Which of the following is NOT a component of ECDIS?

a. GMDSS

b. RADAR

c. AIS

d. GPS

7. What is the meaning of ECDIS?

a. Electronic Chart Data Information System

b. Electronic Chart Display Information System

c. Electronic Chart Data and Information System

d. Electronic Chart Display and Information System

8. ________ is a device used in marine navigation that integrates GPS data with an electronic
navigational chart (ENC).

a. Plotter

b. Charter

c. Printer

d. Chartplotter

9. This refers to a constellation of satellites providing signals from space transmitting positioning
and timing data.

a. Global Navigation Satellite System

b. Global Navigation Security System

c. Global Navigation Satellite Security

d. Global Navigation System Satellite

10. Navigating officers on board their ships using ECDIS are trained to existing standards such as the
_______.
 a. IMO ECDIS model course (1.25)

b. IMO ECDIS model course (1.26)

c. IMO ECDIS model course (1.27)

d. IMO ECDIS model course (1.28)

NAV. 6 QUIZZES

1. Which of the following is NOT a component of ECDIS? GMDSS

2. ________ are maps specifically designed to meet the requirements of marine

navigation, showing amongst other things depths, nature of the bottom, elevations,
configuration and characteristics of the coast, dangers and aids to navigation. Nautical
Charts

3. This refers to a constellation of satellites providing signals from space

transmitting positioning and timing data. Global Navigation Satellite System
4. The following are ways to updates charts in ECDIS EXCEPT ______. Flash Disk

5. What is the meaning of ECDIS? Electronic Chart Display and Information System

6. ECDIS Performance Standard is defined in what IMO Resolution? IMO

Resolution A.817 (19)
7. ________ is a device used in marine navigation that integrates GPS data with an
electronic navigation chart (ENC). Chartplotter
8. Navigating officers onboard their ship using ECDIS are trained to existing
standards such as the ______. IMO ECDIS model course (1.27)
9. ______ is a grid map that is created by scanning the original paper chart. Raster
Charts
10. The following are ways to updates charts on ecdis exept. Flash Disk

11. IBS - INTEGRATED BRIDGE SYSTEM

12. VDR - VOYAGE DATA RECORDER

13. HDT - HEADING TRUE

14. EBL - ELECTRONIC BEARING LINE

15. VTS - VESSEL TRAFFIC SERVICES

16. GPS - GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

17. AIS - AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM

18. TTM - TRACKED TARGET STATUS

19. ARPA - AUTOMATC RADAR PLOTTING AID

20. SOG - SPEED OVER GROUND

COMPILATION OF QUIZZES
SEAM 5 (2/M Lamprea)
(catamaran)

Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) – the data base, standardized content,

structure and format, issued for the used with ECDIS.
System Electronic Navigational Chart (SENC) – The data base resulting
the transformation of the ENC by ECDIS for appropriate use.

Standard Display – means the SENC information that should be shown when chart is
first displayed.

Display Base – means the level of SENC information which cannot be removed from the display.
S-52 – the Data (ENC), display aspects, color tolerance which allowed to display.

S-57 – the System (SENC), digital hydrographic data, deals more with different graphical
objects and symbology.

International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) – has the responsibility for standardizing

the chart objects for ECDIS.
National Hydrographic Office (NHO) – the publisher of official data for electronic chart of
the maritime nations.
Nautical Chart – a chart specially designed to meet the requirements of the marine
navigation showing depths of waters, nature of bottom, elevation, configuration and
characteristics of coast, danger and aid to navigation.
Raster Chart Display System (RCDS) – all data is in one layer and one format. Digitized picture
of a chart.
Digital Nautical Chart (NC) – used in conjunction with Navy Navigation Version of
integrated bridge.
Paper Chart – is a nautical chart that complies with the above requirements and in
accordance with technical resolutions by IHO.
Chart Data – is a data used in paper and electronic charts
Hydrographic Source Data – is a data gathered in many different ways from different
sources, used in compilation and maintenance of nautical chart products.

NAV 6 Quizzes (brig)

Which of the following will be the configured correctly to ensure that the correct
waypoint information is being displayed? Track history on

What is being selected and required water area for planning the whole passage on route
planning by chart? Sea Areas

What is included in an anchor circle tribute that is triggered by the ECDIS’ Consistent
Common Reference Point (CCRP)? Danger

What should represent the maximum swing circle of the vessel on an anchor guard zone on
the chart? Diameter

What should be positioned on the vessel’s hawse pipe at the moment the anchor is let go?
User chart anchor circle

What is called to the addition and removal of all chart’s entries such as manual corrections
and voyage Planning? User’s Chart Layers

What should be verified especially when ECDIS is connected to auto pilot? Position

Which of the following parameters should appropriately be ensured that the display is
configured for route monitoring? Headline
What is being used in route monitoring, planning and review? Retrieving Stored Plan

Which of the following is not included in a way point selection? Headline

What is a source of error that often introduces biases?Manual application of survey data
varying scales to the fixed chart

Which of the following is one of the information layers? Position

Which of the following is the required information category? Warnings and messages

Which of the following which is not included on the chat palette display of ECDIS? Morning

What determines a native scale of chart data as it is loaded? Information Layers

What is generally controlled when verifying position especially when ECDIS is connected to
auto pilot? Observed Position

What is being applied in ECDIS routing planning in turning maneuvering characteristic of

own ship? Curved Track

Which of the following in not included in the configuration parameters appropriately in

route planning by table? Track History

Which of the following is the purpose of retrieving a stored plan? For use in route monitoring

Where can you input the waypoint data alphanumeric in waypoint selection when constructing
a route plan?Route Planning Table

Which of the following is not included to be checked in order to endure that the correct
waypoint information is being displayed and are configured correctly? Secondary Track Off

Which of the following is not included in reviewing the alarm settings used as a vessel
proceeding along a monitored route? Examine result graphically on appropriate scale chart data
Which of the following is not included in modifying the setting XTE in previously
saved route?Guard vector for crossing safety contour

Where should the checking of previously created and saved route for crossing dangers
of navigation be based?Setting-track distance

Where is the assessing of route plan based?

Safety Check

What is called to a zoomed in display that is too close beyond the standard accuracy? Over scale

What indicates the larger scale data, and display may cause some information to be
hidden? Under scale

Which of the following will results to unacceptable clutter due to the data density, if it is
turned off?Under scale with SCAMIN

What is the function on the electronic chart that enables the operator to change the scale? Zoom

Which of the following reveals similar discrepancies between the true shoreline and the
charted shoreline?High Accuracy Aerial Photography

What ECDIS alarm will sound as the vessel accumulates her track error allowance?
Route monitoring alarm

It is a measurement process calculating ECDIS information having the unit in meters

and decimeters.Depth

What aspect of ECDIS does have its unit of measurement use in calculation of
related information? Information layers

What is the most significant ECDIS information for any ships caught in emergency situation
at sea? Position
What would be the repercussion in using an under – scale chart in coastal navigation?The
display may cause inevitably some information to be hidden

What type of chart is suitable to be use in passing twelve miles west of

Philippines? Coastal chart

Using an over – scaled chart in coastal navigation will attest and signify. The display is too close

The determination of “alert for wheel“ prior arrival at waypoint is related to.
Vessel’s maneuvering characteristic

When does the depth and contours or route monitoring alarm will sounds?waypoint arrival circle

It refers in identifying and responding to an immediate primary and secondary warning

signal. System and position alarms

The “safe water pass “ is most related to. Depth related information

What indication does using an under – scaled chart in coastal navigation will
result? It indicates that larger scale data is available for the area in question

How does a “General chart” directly affects when it is use in coastal navigation?It pose a
clear danger as all the information is small and obscured

When does any alarm signal becomes an apparent threat to navigation?When any of the
alarm system is not working

How do you identify and respond to a chart related alarm?When the chart data is unknown

What is the correct chart scaling in coastal navigation?Adequately scaled

Which is the first prioritized information required as categorized from highest to lowest?
ECDIS warning and messages

A coastal chart is well define as. large scale chart

In verifying the ship’s position especially when ECDIS is connected to autopilot steering is
related to.
Vessel’s maneuvering characteristic

What is the significant manifestation to a chart related alarm? The anti – grounding monitoring
is off

Which of the following is not included on the action of configuring parameters appropriately
to ensure that the display is configured for route monitoring? Departure circle off

What is the purpose of retrieving a stored plan? For planning and review
Which of the following is not included in checking if ECDIS is configured correctly to ensure
that the correct waypoint information is being displayed? Secondary track is on
Which of the following Category Zone of confidence indicates 6 asterisks inside the
inverted triangle? Zoc A1
Which of the following is excluded in modifying the setting XTE in previously saved route?
Check the route for crossing danger of navigation according to setting of XTE zones
Which of the following Category Zone of confidence indicates 5 asterisks inside the
inverted triangle? Zoc A2
Where is the assessing of a route plan based? Safety check

Which of the following is not included on reviewing the alarm setting used as a vessel
proceeding along a monitored route? XTE does not exceed the value set in the route data table
Which of the following Category Zone of confidence indicates 4 asterisks inside the
inverted triangle? Zoc B
Which of the sensor alarms will be triggered when an alarm message “Lost GPS1 switch to
GPS2” is displayed in the alarm box? GPS alarms
How is the checking of the plan done? Checking a previously created and saved route for
crossing dangers of navigation according to the setting- track distance
How is the route scheduling done? Observing calculations of progress along the planned route

Which of the following is excluded in using the chart and route planning? Observing
calculations of progress along the planned route
What is the source of often-introduced biases in manual application of survey data of
varying scales to the fixed chart? Error
Which of the following Category Zone of confidence indicates that the area is unassessed? Zoc U

Which of the following is the checking plan that is used for safety?
Assessing a route plan based on safety check

What is the purpose of a stored plan to be retrieved? For use in route monitoring

Which of the following is not included on route planning by chart?Observing the alarm
triggering while proceeding along the modified route
Which of the following is excluded in reviewing the alarm setting used as a vessel proceeding
along a monitored route? Deviation of the rudder course angle as set-in planned route

Which of the following is excluded in modifying the setting XTE in previous route?
Observing the guard ring for crossing an isolated danger

How would you identify an area on the chart to be cross hatched and annotated as “NO GO
AREA”?When chart depth contour is equal to or lower than the calculated ship’s “safety depth”

Which of the following results when a calculated Height of tide is subtracted from the sum of
the ship’s dynamic draft, ship’s squat, and company required extra draft? Safety Depth

Which of the following “Safety Alarms” will be triggered when the value of the sea depth at the
current ship’s position is lower than the safety depth value entered in the Chart Setting,
Technical Channel? Grounding Alarm

What was the standard adopted by the IHO to protect the ENCs from any unauthorized or
illegal copying?
S-63: The IHO Data Protection Scheme
When does any alarm signal become an apparent threat to navigation?
When any other alarm is not working

Which of the following is not included in the discussion of various hydro-meteorological data
that could be available in the ECDIS data base? Humidity

What is generally being controlled when verifying positioning especially when ECDIS is
connected to autopilot? Observed position
What will be the cause when ECDIS curve is provided were cautioned to be exercised as it may
project a momentary rate of turn, rather than sophisticated hydrodynamic calculations?
Limited accuracy

Which of the following is being centered in waypoints with circumference, which intersects
the wheel over point on the ECDIS route in determining methods of alert for wheel over when
approaching? Arrival circle

What characteristic of own ship applies to curve track in ECDIS route planning in determining
methods of alert for wheel over when approaching waypoints? Turn radius maneuvering

NAV 6 PRELIM TOO FINALS COMPILATION

 JOHN B. LACSON FOUNDATION MARITIME UNIVERSITY (AREVALO), INC.

Sto. Niño Sur, Arevalo, Iloilo

City BSMT Department

NAVIGATION 6 - Operational use of ECDIS

Modul1e 1

Compiled by:
 2/ Mate Jerry A. Alingalan

COURSE NUMBER: Navigation 6

COURSE TITLE: Operational use of ECDIS

COURSE CREDITS: Units: 2 Lecture: 1 Hr./Week Laboratory: 3 Hrs./Week Contact Hr. 4 hr./Week

COURSE FUNCTION: Navigation at Management and Operational level

COURSE COMPETENCE: Use of ECDIS to Maintain Safety in Navigation

Maintain the safety of navigation through the use of ECDIS and associated
navigation system to assist command decision making

COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course covers the requirements of 1978

STCW as amended Table A-II/1 and Table A-II/2
with enhancement from the IMO Model course 7.02.
Specifically, the course covers Competence 3.1
topics of the Marine Transportation at the
operational level.

COURSE OUTLINE:

PRELIM FINAL

1. Course introduction & familiarization plan 1. ARPA / RADAR overlay

2. Purpose of ECDIs 2. AIS function

3. Value to Navigation 3. Procuring and installing chart data

4. Correct and Incorrect use 4. Installing chart corrections

5. Work station start, stop & layout5. System reset and back up

6. Vessel position 6. Archiving ECDIS data and data logging

7. Position source 7. Restricted waters (Advanced integrated navigation

8. Basic navigation with ECDIS)

9. Heading & drift vectors 8. Responsibility

10. Understanding chart data 9. Effective navigation with ECDIS

 11. Open Sea 10. Coastal and restricted waters (Underway ECDIS

12. Chart quality and Accuracy navigation)

13. Chart organization

14. Sensors

15. Ports and data feeds

16. Chart Information chart selection

17. Changing the Settings

18. Chart Scaling

MIDTERM

19. Information Layers

20. System and position Alarms

21. Depth and Contours Alarms

22. Coastal Waters (Chart Display Setting)

23. Vessel maneuvering Characteristics

24. Route planning by table

25. Route planning by chart

26. Track limits

27. Checking plan for Safety

28. Additional navigational information

29. Coastal and Restricted Waters

30. Route Schedule

31. use Charts and Route Planning

Course Requirements:
1. Laboratory activity

2. Formative exams

3. Summative exams
Grade Components
Summative Tests 42%

Formative Tests 28%

Laboratory Work 30% Total 100%

Prelim – 20%

Midterm-
30% Tentative
Final – 50%

Laboratory T Venue Equipment

activity: o
p
i
c

Assessment #1 Start an ECDIS School Poseidon

– workstation Laboratory Simulator

Assessment #2 Perform basic navigation School Poseidon

- w/ Laboratory Simulator

ECDIS in open sea,

monitor vessel display
and activate route
monitoring feature
Load chart database I
ECDIS
Assessment #3 School Poseidon
- Laboratory Simulator
 Assessment #4 Load and change charts
-
Perform scaling
Interpret errors due
to:

a. Scaling

b. Display category c. Safety values

Welcome Students
Good day my dear students. It’s been awhile that we haven’t seen each other and miss all
the bygones in our school because of the present situation we all have and experienced yet
somehow life must go on so does our future and so let us all dwell and embrace the new
blended learning instruction.

I am 2nd Mate Jerry A. Alingalan task as your instructor for this subject ‘ECDIS’.

Electronic Chart Display Information System is the most modern and sophisticated navigational
equipment used nowadays by all seafarers worldwide in the conduct of safe navigation.
However, OOW should always bear in mind that all advance navigational instrument and
equipment are only aid but still the best navigator is us, therefore, the knowledge, judgement and
skill of the navigator plus the technology able the ship to depart and arrive safely to her
destination.
 2/Mate Jerry A. Alingalan

Mobile No. 09215054618 (Smart)

09052727123 (Globe)

Email: jery.alingalan@jblfmu.edu.ph

Table of
Contents

Module Page
Number
 Title
1 1.1 Course introduction & familiarization 8-1
plan 2

1.2 Purpose of ECDIs 13

1.3 Value to Navigation 13

1.4 Correct and incorrect use 14

1.5 Work station start, stop & layout 14-15

1.6 Vessel position 1

6

1.7 Position source 17-18

1.8 Basic navigation 1

8

1.9 Heading & drift vectors 19

1.1 Understanding chart data 19-20

0

1.1 Open Sea 2

1 0

1.1 Chart quality and Accuracy 20-23

2

1.1 Chart organization 2

3 4

2.1 Sensors 2
0 5

2.2 Ports and data feeds 26-27

0
 2.3 Chart Information chart selection
0

2.4 Changing the Settings

0

2.5 Chart Scaling

0

Google – type ECDIS

VIDEO Link

https://www.google.com/search?q=ECDIS+VIDEO&rlz=1C1CHBF_enPH884PH884&oq=ECDIS+VID
EO&aq s=chrome..69i57j0l4.70897j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

Video title:

1. What is ECDIS?

2. ECDIS Introduction

3. ECDIS

4. Maritime Training for ECDIS

5. Sailing with ECDIS

6. ECDIS Safety Settings

7. Route Planning with ECDIS

8. Overreliance on ECDIS

Module 1
Lesson 1 - Elements of ECDIS

Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

1. discuss the overview of the topic and familiarization plan

2. introduce revised IMO Performance Standard for ECDIS (June 2006, Resolution MSC)

3. identify information types and areas on navigation display

4. recognize factors that characterize and modify chart presentation

5. use the ECDIS within the prevailing navigation situation

6. Proficiency in the use of ECDIS includes assessing the integrity of the system and all data at all
times

Guide Questions http://www.ecdis-info.com/question.html

Q. What is an ECDIS?

A. ECDIS is defined in the IMO ECDIS Performance Standards (IMO Resolution A.817(19))
as follows:

Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) means a navigation information system
which, with adequate back up arrangements, can be accepted as complying with the up-to-date
chart required by regulation V/19 & V/27 of the 1974 SOLAS Convention, by displaying selected
information from navigation sensors to assist the mariner in route planning and route monitoring,
and by displaying additional navigation-related information if required.

Put in simpler terms it is a computer-based navigation system that integrates electronic navigational
charts (ENC), position information from the Global Positioning System (GPS) and other navigational
sensors, such as radar, fathometer and automatic identification systems (AIS) to provide an
alternative to paper navigation charts.

Q. What are the IMO Regulations regarding ECDIS?

A. At its 86th session from May 26 to June 5 2009, the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee
approved new regulations making the carriage of ECDIS mandatory.

The resulting amendments to SOLAS Chapter V regulation 19.2 require ships engaged
on international voyages to be fitted with ECDIS according to the table below.

Q. When does it come into force?

A. The requirement for the installation of an ECDIS has been in force since July 2012 in stages
depending on the vessel type. A timetable of the implementation dates can be found below.

Q. What is the schedule for implementing ECDIS?

A.

Q. How do I comply with the regulations?

A. To comply with the IMO regulations you will be required to install an ECDIS with type approval
from the recognised organisations or marine classification societies nominated by flag states within
the timescale shown in the above timetable. The primary method for navigation will be ECDIS but a
back up is required in the event of a failure. The back up can either be a secondary ECDIS (known
as a dual system) connected to an independent power supply and GPS position input or the
traditional paper charts.

Q. What is a nautical chart?

A. Nautical charts are maps specifically designed to meet the requirements of marine navigation,
showing amongst other things depths, nature of bottom, elevations, configuration and characteristics
of coast, dangers and aids to navigation. IMO requirements are for all vessels engaged on
international voyages to carry nautical charts on board.

Nautical charts can be in analogue form (paper charts) or digital (electronic charts). However, only
charts issued by or on the authority of a government and official Hydrographic Office are
classified as official charts and authorised to fulfil carriage requirements. Any other type of chart
(private charts) are not permitted as tools for navigation under the IMO SOLAS convention.

There are two types of OFFICIAL digital/electronic charts – Raster Navigational Charts (RNC) and
Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC) which are known as vector charts:
 Raster (RNC) – this is purely a scanned and passive image of a paper chart.

Vector (ENC) – these maps are manipulative by the user to show specific user-defined information
and the features are drawn from a series of points, lines and area shapes. Also, warning alarms
can be created to aid avoidance of disaster i.e. grounding of vessel.

Q. What is an ENC?

ENC is an acronym for Electronic Navigation Chart which is a file containing the official chart data
that an ECDIS utilises.

The IMO defines an ENC as follows:

ENC means the database, standardised as to content, structure and format, issued for use with
ECDIS on the authority of government-authorised Hydrographic Offices. The ENC contains all the
chart information useful for safe navigation, and may contain supplementary information in
addition to that contained in the paper, which may be considered necessary for safe navigation.

The use of ENCs in an approved and certified ECDIS and with appropriate back up arrangements is
the only paperless chart option for vessel navigation.

Q. What is a SENC?

A. SENC is an acronym for System Electronic Navigational Chart. An ECDIS converts ENC data
into its own internal SENC format for optimal chart image creation. SENC data can differ between
manufacturers.

“The System Electronic Navigational Chart (SENC) means a database resulting from the
transformation of the ENC by ECDIS for appropriate use, updates to the ENC by appropriate means
and other data added by the mariner. It is this database that is actually accessed by ECDIS for the
display generation and other navigational functions and is the equivalent to an up-to-date paper
chart.”

Q. What is RCDS?

A. RCDS is an acronym for Raster Chart Display System. A vessel is permitted to sail in RCDS
mode if approved by their flag state for geographical areas where there are no ENCs available. For
Flag state conformance, vessels must also carry up to date paper charts for these areas. Using
RCDS mode in ENC available geographic areas is forbidden. If sailing in RCDS mode then paper
charts become the primary form of navigation and the electronic chart is simply an aid to navigation.

Q. How is the chart update process managed?

1.1. Course introduction & familiarization plan

ECDIS is an acronym for Electronic Chart Display and Information System. This is a computer system
that conforms to the regulations of the International Maritime Organization and makes it possible to
view electronic charts. It can be used in some cases as a substitute for paper charts on board merchant
ships. The requirements for ECDIS are stipulated in the SOLAS -Convention. Not officially recognized
systems are electronic chart systems mentioned. From June 1, 2012 ECDIS is phased in for all vessels
larger than 3000 GT and passenger ships larger than 500 GT. To qualify as an ECS ECDIS system
must:comply with the IMO Performance Standards for ECDIS (IMO Resolutions A817 (19) and
MSC.232 (82));use by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) authorized maps;Set up the
maps and present according to the IHO standards S52 and S57.

ECDIS is a complex, safety-relevant, software based system with multiple options for display and
integration. The ongoing safe and effective use of ECDIS involves many stakeholders including
seafarers, equipment manufacturers, chart producers, hardware and software maintenance providers,
shipowners and operators, and training providers. It is important that all these stakeholders have a
clear and common understanding of their roles and responsibilities in relation to ECDIS.

1. MAJOR ELEMENTS OF ECDIS: a. COMPUTER

b. DISPLAY c. SOFTWARE

d. IMO COMPLIANT ELECTRONIC NAVIGATION CHART

ECDIS https://www.google.com.ph/

Electronic nautical chart https://www.google.com.ph/

 There are two different types of ECDIS and both are used in different sectors of marine areas, in spite of

the technology involved being the same.

Vector ECDIS: The vector variation of the electronic chart system is used mainly by government naval
vessels than commercial ones. The Vector ECDIS adheres to the norms set up by the International
Hydrographic Organization and is well advanced in the sense that, it can be pre-programmed to indicate
any threat to a naval vessel’s position in case other ships and naval vessels are also in a similar location
in the water.

Raster ECDIS: These are a more traditional variant of the ECDIS. In these, navigational charts that are
charted out in paper are scanned and converted into the Electronic Chart System format. Because of
such a conversion, it so happens that if one wants to zoom in or zoom out a particular navigational
route, the process is quite easy and feasible. For the purpose of display the navigational charts in this
particular electronic chart system, the technology of Raster Chart Display System (RCDS) is used in
case there is an absence of the Electronic Navigational Charts.

Image Credits: admiralty.co.uk

The concept of ECDIS is something that is gaining more and more popularity in today’s times.

This is mainly because the concept has been officially allowed to be incorporated in the naval vessels and
ships. By adopting this method of marking and charting navigational routes, it has become easier to avoid any
unwanted accidents as this electronic chart system uses modern technology rather than human aid.
The ECDIS as an electronic Chart System is something that allows shipping companies and ship owners
a lot of mental freedom when it comes to the safety of the vessel in the water. Because of this
technology, it can be said that the aspect of navigation has become faster, simpler and sleeker.

For inland developed its own complementary system: Inland

ECDIS There are two major types of electronic nautical
charts, namely

1. RNCs (Raster Navigational Charts) and 2. ENC ( Electronic Navigational Charts ). Raster Navigational
Chart

A Raster Navigational Chart is a grid map that is created by scanning the original paper chart and is an
exact copy of that card. The card is made up of thousands of tiny dots that make up a flat, digital pose
image. Such a card is similar to the familiar paper product and, although it is an electronic card are
hardly manipulated. The officially published raster map is called Raster Navigational Chart,
abbreviated RNC. English ARCS is the most famous RNC service. The acronym stands for Admiralty
Raster Chart Service and consists of 2800 grid maps or RNC, which enable global coverage is available
from the same quality and accuracy as of the charts.

Benefits of RNCs
 Easy so cheaply from existing maps.

They look like paper maps so is also easy to interpret older seafarers information from the card.
Of all the areas in the world are RNCs available.

Disadvantages of RNCs
It is a direct copy of a paper map, at far zoom the individual pixels become visible and
decreases reliability.

There is no metadata available about objects in the map such as buoys and lights.
This card takes up more memory space as the RNC resolution increases.

Electronic Navigational Chart

Are also called vector maps. In fact, ENC officially published vector maps. ENCs are maps in which
all data is stored as individual elements. The built-in intelligence provides the vector map many more
options for navigation -support than an RNC or raster map.

The intelligent vector data stored in 'layers' and contain all the contours that are on nautical charts, such
as coastlines, buoys, lights, and so on. These contours and their characteristic properties, such as position,
color and shape are stored in a database through which the data can be selectively made visible. For this
reason seem ENC to a lesser extent in the traditional cards.

In the various information of ECDIS system enter. A number of things are obliged:

1. ENC data; This is available from official hydrographic institutions.

2. Colors and symbols; these are standard, and can be retrieved and laid down when a user wants.

3. The position of the vessel; ECDIS should always reflect the position of the vessel on the map, by
means of data entry of positioning equipment.

4. Changes of the shell; one must be able to zoom and ECDIS must, even if the user has to be small scale,
can give warnings.

5. Display Mode; This is the north or the own course can be put up. When one takes the ship and the other
card with a rate change.

6. Depth figures; where is the depth.

7. Other navigational warnings; the RADAR or ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting Aid) must be added.

The sources that may come in are:

a. GNSS (GPS, GALILEO, GLONASS.Etc.) and Loran, to find the right spot on the earth and
those in the project card.
 b. The price of the gyrocompass , to see what the direction is, what dangers and what direction. The
speed of the ship will be generated through the designation of the log through the NMEA interface is
so precise positioning data (NMEA National Marine Electronics Association; NMEA 0183 Standard
for Interfacing Marine Electronic Devices, data record).

c. The radar can be connected both raw data from a raster scan radar, or a synthetic ARPA, so that
other ships in the card can be put.

This information is recorded by ECDIS and projected on the screen with the right card underneath. It
is not just a program to run in ENCs, but it also provides information. For example, one can accentuate
special things, or dimming, such as buoys or certain depth lines.

Benefits ENC

The card takes up less memory space because the data in the map as vector saved

Objects in the chart (buoys or lights) can metadata be obtained which can be quickly retrieved the
light character or shape.It is possible for certain specific information layers to omit or just adding to
clarify the 'picture'.The planned route can be checked for sufficient depth because the depth map is an
information layer.During navigation can be made use of "looking ahead function posing a risk of
grounding and collision with solid objects decreases.

Disadvantages of the ENC

Not all the regions in the vector map are available as ENC.

The danger is that omitted vital information when used improperly.

About ECDIS
written by: Kristina Dems•edited by: Rhonda Callow•updated: 10/21/2010

What is ECDIS?
An electronic chart display and information system, or ECDIS, is a navigation system that uses
digitized information, specifically electronic navigation charts. It allows navigators to access digital
navigation data in an easy and fast manner to aid them in ship navigation. It can be used instead of
paper charts used in traditional navigation, but it needs to comply to the standards and regulations
set by the International Maritime Organization, or IMO.

Here is some more information about the ECDIS and how it is used:
a. Are All Electronic Chart Navigation Systems Considered ECDIS?
Not all navigation systems that use electronic charts can be considered an ECDIS. A navigation system
needs more than just the ability to read digital charts to be considered an ECDIS. It needs to incorporate
other information into electronic navigational charts, or ENCs, like global navigation satellite system ,
(GNSS) global positioning system data, or GPS data, fathometer data and radar data in assisting
navigators plotting courses and voyage routes. Other information and data can be used to be layered into
the usual digital navigation information as long as they all comply to standards and regulations of the
 IMO. This means that only digital navigation systems that use IMO compliant data are to be
considered ECDIS.

b. Components of an ECDIS

The major elements that compose an ECDIS are the computer system (including all essential hardware
to make it work), a display, software and, of course, IMO compliant electronic navigation charts. For an
ECDIS to be considered an ECDIS, it needs to be installed according to the standards and regulations
set by the IMO. Installation includes the setup of the computer hardware, the display and the application
software.

c. Capabilities of an ECDIS

The functions of an ECDIS include planning, plotting and monitoring routes, displaying of electronic
navigation charts in different modes by accessing a database of IMO compliant digital charts,
warnings and alarms, customization of display colors and sizes, tracking of ships, recording and
playback of navigational events and logging of preset navigation targets. With this features and
functions, the navigators of a ship can safely plot their course using several sources of approved data.
Other tools for monitoring course and planning of routes can be utilized but the ECDIS can function as
the main navigational tool in a ship.

d. Using and Maintaining an ECDIS

Using and maintenance of an ECDIS goes beyond just displaying electronic navigation charts. Its display can
be controlled in terms of brightness, color and size, so some training is required to use and interpret the data
presented on the ECDIS display. It needs to be regularly checked for optimal performance.

Constant monitoring of its temperature, vibration and any kind of electromagnetic interference must
be observed to make sure that is functioning properly. Calibration should be administered every once
in a while to make sure that it is providing the correct data to navigators in a safe and accurate manner.

Performance standards set by the IMO should be satisfied first before an ECDIS is approved for
official use in a marine navigation.

IMO RESOLUTION A.817 (19) PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR

ELECTRONIC CHART DISPLAY
AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ECDIS) Note: The IMO Performance Standards for
ECDIS are reproduced in this publication for convenience, with the kind permission of the IMO.

1. The primary function of the ECDIS is to contribute to safe navigation.

2. ECDIS with adequate back-up arrangements may be accepted as complying with the up-to-date charts
required by regulation V/20 of the 1974 SOLAS Convention.

3. In addition to the general requirements for ship borne radio equipment forming part of
the global maritime distress and safety system (GMDSS) and for electronic
 navigational aids contained in IMO resolution A.694 (17) *, ECDIS should meet
the requirements of this performance standard.

4. ECDIS should be capable of displaying all chart information necessary for safe and efficient
navigation originated by, and distributed on the authority of, government authorized hydrographic
offices.

5. ECDIS should facilitate simple and reliable updating of the electronic navigational chart.

6. ECDIS should reduce the navigational workload compared to using the paper chart. It should
enable the mariner to execute in a convenient and timely manner all route planning, route
monitoring and positioning currently performed on paper charts. It should be capable of
continuously plotting the ship's position.

7. ECDIS should have at least the same reliability and availability of presentation as the paper
chart published by government authorized hydrographic offices.

8. ECDIS should provide appropriate alarms or indications with respect to the information
displayed or malfunction of the equipment.

1.2 PURPOSE of ECDIS

it should enable the mariner to execute in a convenient and timely manner all route planning,
route monitoring and positioning currently performed on paper charts. It should be capable of
continuously plotting the ship's position.

Should have at least the same reliability and availability of presentation as the paper chart
published by government authorized hydrographic offices and should provide appropriate
alarms or indications with respect to the information displayed or malfunction of the
equipment. should reduce the navigational workload compared to using the paper chart.
Sources : Course Notes on Navigation 6 Operational Use of Electronic Chart Display and Information System ( ECDIS ) compiled by
Capt. P.L. Punay

1.3 VALUE TO NAVIGATION

An Electronic Chart Display and Information System ("ECDIS") is a geographic

information system used for nautical navigation that complies with International Maritime

Organization (IMO) regulations as an alternative to paper nautical charts. IMO refers to

similar systems not meeting the regulations as electronic chart systems (ECSs).

An ECDIS system displays the information from electronic navigational charts (ENC) or
Digital Nautical Charts (DNC) and integrates position information from position, heading and
speed through water reference systems and optionally other navigational sensors. Other
sensors which could interface with an ECDIS are radar, Navtex, Automatic Identification
System AIS), and depth sounders. From Wikipedia
1.4 CORRECT AND INCORRECT USE OF ECDIS
With the advent of technology, the use of Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems
(ECDIS) is becoming increasingly popular. While the use of an ECDIS does have its advantages,
it can have a negative impact if not used correctly and this is known to be a causative factor in
major claims such as collisions and groundings. Due to the perceived cause of these incidents we
would like to draw our Members’ attention to Regulation 19 of chapter V of the Safety Of Life
At Sea (SOLAS) convention which permits an ECDIS to be carried as part of the on board
navigational system, provided it meets the chart carriage requirements as detailed in regulation.
The ECDIS must be type approved and in order to do so and it must meet the required
performance standards (MSC.1/Circ.1503, ECDIS – Guidance for good practice).

It is important to remember that personnel operating the ECDIS must have undergone appropriate
ECDIS training. It is understood that the ECDIS training and certification requirements, as per the
2010 Manila amendments to the STCW code will not be in force before 1st January 2017. The
amendments to the STCW Convention via circular STCW.7/Circ18

– 22 May 2012 include a limitation on the STCW deck officer endorsement of the Certificate of
Competency (COC). This renders the COC invalid for service onboard ECDIS equipped vessels
in the event no evidence is available to demonstrate that a deck officer has undergone the
required ECDIS training. It is therefore advised in the interim, that Members should ensure
navigating officers on board their ships using ECDIS are trained to existing standards such as
the IMO ECDIS model course (1.27).

Notwithstanding the statutory training mentioned above, Members should ensure that navigating
officers are familiar with the specific ECDIS model available on board through a familiarization
program. As far as practicable, it is advantageous that the same make and model of ECDIS is
installed on all fleet vessels to assist this familiarization process. This would help to reduce the
incorrect use of the ECDIS such as not including the correct layers of the electronic chart and
helping to ensure that all the data available on the corresponding paper chart is displayed on the
ECDIS.

If paper charts are the primary means of navigation on board the vessel, then it is imperative that
all navigation, including, but not limited to, chart work, passage planning and position fixing is
carried out using the paper charts. The primary source of navigation, whether paper charts or an
ECDIS, should be kept updated at all times in accordance with SOLAS Chapter V/27.

If a non-type approved ECDIS is discovered fitted on board a vessel, it is strongly recommended

that the ECDIS be decommissioned to stop unauthorized usage. The prohibited use of these
systems must further be emphasized by displaying prominent notices upon the equipment to
show it is not to be used for navigation. Such measures should also be included in the shipboard
navigation procedures. Further details on the requirements of ECDIS can be found on the IMO
website following the link: www.imo.org.
1.5 WORK STATION START, STOP AND LAYOUT

Use ECDIS Within The Prevailing Navigation Situation

Proficiency in the Use of ECDIS Includes Assessing the Integrity of the System and All
Data at All Times
https://www.google.com.ph/

Perform Standard ECDIS Work Station Start

 https://www.google.com.ph/

Interpret the ECDIS Start Windows for Sensors Requested, Sensors Found,
and Selected Charts Initializing
https://www.google.com.ph/

1.6 VESSEL POSITION

Review User’s Interface Methods

ECDIS should be provided with means for either automatically or manually carrying
A Chartplotter is a device used in marine navigation that integrates GPS data with an electronic
navigational chart (ENC). The chartplotter displays the ENC along with the position, heading
and speed of the ship, and may display additional information from radar, automatic information
systems (AIS) or other sensors. As appropriate to particular marine applications, chartplotters
may also display data from other sensors, such as echolocators/sonar.

Examine Position Information in the Display Panel

https://www.google.com.ph/

Determine a Position Fix on the ECDIS Chart Display Panel

1.7 POSITION SOURCE

Review Basics of the GNSS

https://www.google.com.ph/
 Determine Fix Quality (Status) 0f GNSS

The term ‘global navigation satellite system’ (GNSS) refers to a constellation of satellites
providing signals from space transmitting positioning and timing data. By definition, a GNSS
provides global coverage.

GNSS receivers determine location by using the timing and positioning data encoded in the
signals from space. The USA’s NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) and
Russia’s Global'naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) are
examples of GNSS. Europe is in the process of launching its own independent GNSS,
Galileo. Since 2011, four

Galileo satellites have been launched and used as part of the In-Orbit Validation phase,
allowing the first autonomous position fix to be calculated based on Galileo-only signals in
March 2013. The Commission aims to have the full constellation of 30 Galileo satellites
(which includes six in- orbit active spares) in operation before the end of this decade."
Galileo will be interoperable

with GPS and GLONASS. This interoperability will allow manufacturers to develop
terminals that work with Galileo, GPS and GLONASS. https://www.egnos.porta.eu\

1.8 BASIC NAVIGATION

 Monitor Vessel Display

https://www.google.com.ph/

Activate Route Monitoring Features

 https://www.google.com.ph/

1.9 HEADING AND DRIFT VECTORS

Recognize the Effect of Gyro Error

https://www.google.com.ph/

Graphically Monitor own ships Approach to Isolated Dangers by Means of a Guard Ring

https://www.google.com.ph/

1.10 UNDERSTANDING CHART DATA

Relevant Terminology of ECDIS

https://www.google.com.ph/

Many think that because they use electronic chart on their ship they have an ECDIS. Nothing could
be further from the truth. ECDIS stands for Electronic Chart Display and Information System and
ECS stands for Electronic Chart System. While the difference is subtle it is very important. The
ECDIS specification

have been defined by various organization and approved by IMO. The very definition of ECDIS
means that to meet the carriage requirements users MUST use official Electronic Navigation Chart
(ENCs). If you have a type approved ECDIS on your ship, using ENCs produced by a Private Data
Provider makes your machine revert to the status of ECS.

1.11 OPEN SEA

 a. Starting and setting up ECDIS, connecting data sensors: satellite and radio navigation
system receivers, radar, gyro compass, log, echo sounders, accuracy and limitations
of these sensors, including effect of measurement errors and ship’s position accuracy,
maneuvering on the

accuracy of course indicator performance, compass error on the accuracy of course indication,
shallow water on the accuracy of log performance , log correction on the accuracy of speed
calculation, disturbance (sea state} on the accuracy of echo sounder performance and

b. The current electronic chart display and information system performance standard adopted
by the organization. www.imo.org/

1.12 CHART QUALITY AND

ACCURACY AIS - Automatic
Identification System ARPA –
Automatic Radar Plotting Aid COG -
Course Over Ground.

The GPS system’s calculation of the ship’s heading in relation to the installed chart
system DGPS - Differential Global Positioning System

An enhancement to GPS that uses a network of fixed, ground-based reference stations to

broadcast the difference between the positions indicated by the satellite system and the
known fixed positions

DNC - Digital Nautical Charts

A vector-based digital product designed to give navigators an up-to-date seamless database of

the world. DNCs are published by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency

EBL - Electronic Bearing Line

A feature in a radar that is used to determine the relative bearing of an object from the
observing ship’s bearing

EC - Electronic Chart

ECDIS - Electronic Chart Display and Information

System ENC - Electronic Navigational Chart

GPS - Global Positioning

System HDT - Heading True

Used to send heading information from the gyro-compass to other devices including radar and
ECDIS IBS - Integrated Bridge System

RENC - Regional ENC Coordination Centre

RENC validates and distributes ENCs from producing nations to end-users. Only two currently
exist, PRIMAR in Norway and IC-ENC in the UK

RNC - Raster Nautical Chart

SENC - System Electronic Navigational

Chart SOG - Speed Over Ground

The GPS system’s approximation of the ship’s speed in relation to the installed
chart TCS - Track Control System

Via a connection with the autopilot, TCS in an ECDIS controls that the ship’s GPS position follows a

pre-planned track
TTM - Tracked Target
Status

Used to send tracked target information from ARPA

to ECDIS VDR - Voyage Data Recorder

VRM - Variable Range Marker

A feature of radar used to determine relative distance to any target seen on the
screen VTS - Vessel Traffic Services

WEND - Worldwide Electronic Navigational Chart Data Base source: www.ecdis-info.com/

Difference between Electronic Chart Systems from ECDIS

THESUBTLEBUTIMPORTANTDISTINCTIONBETWEENANECDISAND ECS

Published: 29 November 2002 06:19 Updated: 08 July 2006 06:19

 Many think that because they use electronic charts on their ship they have an ECDIS. Nothing could
be further from the truth. ECDIS stands for Electronic Charts Display and Information System and
ECS stands for Electronic Chart System.

Whilst the difference is subtle it is very important. The ECDIS specifications have been defined by
various organizations and approved by IMO. The very definition of ECDIS means that to meet the
carriage requirements users MUST use official Electronic Navigation Charts (ENCs). If you have a type
approved ECDIS on your ship, using ENCs produced by a Private Data Provider makes your machine
revert to the status of an ECS. The IMO regulations stipulate that when carrying a type approved
ECDIS with official ENCs, navigators meet the carriage requirements and thus can reduce their paper
chart indices. This is not so for ECS. Using an ECDIS therefore reduces the expenses associated with
the carriage of paper charts: initial purchase, replacement, freight, correction service, etc. There are
other advantages too that are difficult to quantify including improved safety, navigators training and
comfort with the new technology, voyage recording and playback capabilities and others. The criteria
for official ENCs have been defined (and changed many times) and are listed in the S-57 specifications.

Unfortunately these criteria were defined at a time when few hydrographic offices around the World were
in a position to produce ENCs in this format (many still are not). This fact resulted in two trends of
philosophy, one followed by the Hydrographic Offices and the other one followed by Private Data
Providers (PDP). C-Map, Transas and Navionics and others are “en-block” referred to as “Private Data
Providers - PDP”. These companies realized that they had the know-how to produce Vector charts in what
is technically the same or very close to the description of S-57. However they are not hydrographic
offices and therefore their data cannot be considered as official and should be referred to as “Electronic
Chart Database- ECD”. Whilst some Hydrographic Offices invested in technology and production
capability to produce and distribute S-57, some did nothing (due to lack of resources or interest or other
reasons). Others created technology to produce Raster format, which is a facsimile of the paper charts,
and a few years ago IMO approved that in the absence of official ENCs, the type approved ECDIS could
use official Raster charts.

Further information on Electronic Navigation Charts, including ECDIS vs. ECS, the variety of data,
Private Data Providers, the value of ENCs, coverage and AIS, can be found in George Arts’ newsletter
in ‘Latitude Longitude’, issued by Marine Press of Canada.
howard.snaith@intertanko.com

Various Electronic Chart data formats

Electronic Navigational Charts: NOAA ENC®

` NOAA Electronic Navigational Charts (NOAA ENC®) are
vector data sets that represent NOAA's newest and most powerful electronic
charting product.

NOAA ENCs conform with the International Hydrographic Office (IHO) S-57 international
exchange format, comply with the IHO ENC Product Specification, and are provided with
incremental updates that supply Notice to Mariners corrections and other critical changes.
NOAA ENCs and updates are available for free download. NOAA ENC data may be used to
fuel Electronic Chart and Display Information Systems (ECDIS).
www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/

The System Electronic Navigation Chart (SENC) is the database created by an ECDIS from
the

ENC data.

Raster Navigation Chart (RNC) is a Raster-formatted Chart produced by a

National Hydrographic Office.

Raster Chart Display System (RCDS) is a system which displays official

Raster-formatted charts on an ECDIS system. https://www.google.com.ph/

The Relationship between ECDIS Data and the information Presented on the Display

https://www.google.com.ph/
TERMS AND DEFINITIONS:

Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) – the data base, standardized content, structure
and format, issued for the used with ECDIS.

System Electronic Navigational Chart (SENC) – The data base resulting the
transformation of the ENC by ECDIS for appropriate use.

Standard Display – means the SENC information that should be shown when chart is first
displayed.

Display Base – means the level of SENC information which cannot be removed from the display.
S-52 – the Data (ENC), display aspects, color tolerance which allowed to display.

S-57 – the System (SENC), digital hydrographic data, deals more with different graphical objects
and symbology.

International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) – has the responsibility for standardizing

the chart objects for ECDIS.

National Hydrographic Office (NHO) – the publisher of official data for electronic chart of
the maritime nations.

Nautical Chart – a chart specially designed to meet the requirements of the marine navigation
showing depths of waters, nature of bottom, elevation, configuration and characteristics of coast,
danger and aid to navigation.

Raster Chart Display System (RCDS) – all data is in one layer and one format. Digitized picture
of a chart.

Digital Nautical Chart (NC) – used in conjunction with Navy Navigation Version of
integrated bridge.

Paper Chart – is a nautical chart that complies with the above requirements and in accordance with
technical resolutions by IHO.

Chart Data – is a data used in paper and electronic charts

Hydrographic Source Data – is a data gathered in many different ways from different sources,
used in compilation and maintenance of nautical chart products.

ECDIS Data may include the following:

a. Geographical info, depths

b. Lighthouse symbols, buoys

c. Own Ship vector, past track

d. Range rings, bearing lines

e. Navigational Warnings

f. Planned work, Chart work

g. Shallow water, Boarder lines.

h. Fix accuracy in other system

1.13 CHART ORGANIZATION

Errors Affecting the Performance of ECDIS in the open Sea

An elementary understanding should be attained of the principles of ECDIS, together with

a full practical knowledge of:

1. Starting and setting up ECDIS; connecting data sensors: satellite and radio navigation system receivers,
radar, gyrocompass, log, echo-sounder; accuracy and limitations of these sensors, including effect of
measurements errors and ship's position accuracy, maneuvering on the accuracy of course indicators
performance, compass error on the accuracy of course indication, shallow water on the accuracy of log
performance, log correction on the accuracy of speed calculation, disturbance (sea state) on the accuracy
of an echo-sounder performance; and

2. The current electronic chart display and information system performance standards adopted by the
Organization. www.imo.org/

2.0 WATCHKEEPING WITH ECDIS

Accuracy of Chart Data Dependent Upon

1. Setting up and maintaining display

2. Operational use of electronic charts

3. Route planning

4. Route monitoring

5. Alarm handling

6. Manual correction of a ship's position and motion parameters

7. Records in the ship's log

8. Chart updating

9. Operational use of ECDIS where radar/ARPA

connected 10.Operational use of ECDIS where AIS
connected 11.Operational warnings, their benefits and
limitations

12. System operational tests www.imo.org/

Assessing All Errors, Inaccuracies, and Ambiguities Caused by Improper

Data Management

https://www.google.com.ph/

Assess the inaccuracies and ambiguities caused by improper selection of chart for display: When own
ship position is on display, chart data list is sorted by scale, When own ship position is not on display
 (viewing elsewhere), chart data Jist is sorted by name( alpha), ECDIS displays largest scale data (smallest
area) on the topmost layer, but the user may prioritize by format, especially ENC to keep ECDIS in the
ECDIS mode, Automatic chart loading may be switched on or off or held to a user-selected chart (fixed)
Display updates in order to review content and to establish their inclusion in the SENC: Review their
contents, Determine that they have been included in the SENC. Demonstrate and analyze the data and chart
alarms resulting from over scaling (zooming in) and under scaling (zooming out) Demonstrate and analyze
the data and chart alarms resulting from use of a non WGS84 geodetic datum.

Lesson 2: Watchkeeping with ECDIS

2.1 SENSORS

The Organization of the Chart Data Distribution https://www.google.com.ph/

Loading of ECDIS Data

Demonstrate the variety of methods that chart data can be loaded and changed: Automatically,
Manually for the presently loaded route, manually from the total portfolio, manually displayed by
the cursor position, during the activity of the operator using the graphics cursor.

2.2 PORTS AND DATA FEEDS

 Performance Limits of Devices for Position, Course Over the Ground, Heading,
Speed, Depth, RADAR and AIS

Understanding the performance limits of sensors and assesses their impact on the safe use of ECDIS.

1. Familiarity with the performance limits of devices for position, course over ground, heading, speed,
depth, radar, and AIS, especially concerning:

Availability, Accuracy, Integrity.

2. Understanding the need for selecting sensor data displayed in ECDIS that is appropriate and
unambiguous, and accurate. Demonstrate the impairment of ECDIS when sensor performance

deteriorates. www.pmo.ir/
 https://www.google.com.ph/

Various Sensors Alarms and

Indications Analyze Various Sensor Alarms and Indications:

Activated when ECDIS receives no data from the external output device, Displayed in the second line
of the Information Area as they occur, Use Alarm button or free cursor on 2nd-line message to disable
the sound and message from the display, Alarm submenu function remains orange parameter returns to
set limits, or when function is deliberately turned off, Correct response is to check the operation and
connection of the relevant sensor. www.pmo.ir/

2.3 CHART SELECTION AND INFORMATION

Primary and Secondary Position Source

On board there were two DGPS receivers, named as No1 and No2. In ECDIS the primary position
source was given as POS 1 and secondary as POS 2. Despite assumption POS 1 could be DGPS receiver
No 1 and POS 2 – receiver No2 respectively, that wasn’t the case.

In reality the primary position was fed by receiver No2. Primary position source is the first source for
position displayed on ECDIS, high-accurate and reliable, normally it’s differential GPS receiver. If
for any reason this position source fails or becomes unreliable, ECDIS will change over to use
secondary position source. www.nautinst.org./
 Data Port Assigned to its Connected Sensor

Knowledge of selecting data ports, and assesses sensor input values and use of functions that are
integrated with other navigational systems.

1. Select between primary and secondary position source.

2. Observe automatic change over to secondary position source.

3. Familiarity with the data reference system of each connected sensor:

4. Knowledge of the data port assigned to each connected sensor

5. Monitor, identify and to a limited extent decode the data stream for each attached sensor:

Select a sensor and monitor the data stream (live or simulated), generally recognize the sentence syntax
associated with the sensor, Where possible, associate data with displayed navigational information

6. Assess the plausibility of sensor input values to ECDIS.

7.

Assess the impact on displayed information when a sensor port is improperly. www.nautinst.org./

Impact on Displayed Information when a Sensor port is improperly Selected

1. Demonstrate the variety of methods that chart data can be loaded and changed: Automatically,
Manually for the presently loaded route, manually from the total portfolio, manually displayed by the
cursor position, during the activity of the operator using the graphics cursor.

2. Assess the inaccuracies and ambiguities caused by improper selection of a chart for display: When own
ship position is on display, chart data list is sorted by scale, When own ship position is not on display
(viewing elsewhere), chart data list is sorted by name (alpha), ECDIS displays largest scale data (smallest
area) on the topmost layer, but the user may prioritize by format, especially ENC to keep ECDIS in the
ECDIS mode, Automatic chart loading may be switched on or off or held to a user-selected chart (fixed)

2.4 CHANGING SETTINGS

How to Obtain Information on Charted Objects

1. Manually test the major functions of hardware, keyboard, mouse I trackball, sensor data, and chart
data.
2. Primary information panel: Primary task panels, Primary information panel, Ship, Alarm, Chart,
Logbook, ARPA, Configuration, Add Info (user layers), Route

3. Demonstrate alarm and function status indications: Alarms, time, position update, heading and speed
log, Route keeping, heading vectors, chart scale, track, log book functions.

Demonstrate Error of Interpretation by the Incorrect Selection of Safety Values

1. Demonstrate errors of interpretation by the incorrect selection of safety values: Safety depth; Safety
contour; Least depth alarm; anti –grounding alarms, Alarms for sailing along a route.

2. Adjust track length and precision.

Check an or Select Preferred Operation Settings in Primary Information Panel

Check navigational conditions (own ship progress, charts displayed, etc.), Check routing events
(including manual notations), Check system events, Display additional data groups

Familiarity with the range of information recorded in the log table (voyage recording
Familiarity with the range of information recorded in the log table (voyage recording): Check
navigational conditions (own ship progress, charts displayed, etc.), Check routing events (including
annual notations), Check system events, Display additional data groups

2.5 CHART SCALING

Over scale and under scale refer to the display of electronic chart data at too large and too small a
scale, respectively. In the case of over scale, the display is “zoomed in” too close, beyond the
standard of accuracy to which the data was digitized. Under scale indicates that larger scale data is
available for the area in question. ECDIS provides a warning in either case. (msi.nga.mil/)

- Over scale of the display will spread out chart and user information with the possible loss of familiar
cues for estimating distance.

- Under scale of the display may cause some information to be hidden

- Under scale with SCAMIN off will result in unacceptable clutter due to data density

(webcache.googleusercontent.com)
 a. Demonstrating Scaling of Electronic Chart Display

- Scale and select scale value

- With chart auto load switched on, use zoom function

- (Zoom) and use cursor to draw quadrangle around area to view (webcache.googleusercontent.com)

(https://www.google.com.ph/)

b. Recognizing, Interpreting Errors Due to Scaling

Many electronic chart positional discrepancies that are observed today originate from graphical chart
compilation techniques of the past. The manual application of survey data of varying scales to the
fixed chart scale was a source of error that often introduced biases. In the past, source information
at large scales would often have to be reduced with a copy machine so it could be overlaid and
transferred to the master version of the chart. Today, when NOAA survey crews and contractors obtain
DGPS positions on prominent shoreline features, and compare those positions to the chart, biases may
be found that are on the order of 2 millimeters at the scale of the chart (e.g., 20 meters on 1:10,000-scale
chart). High accuracy aerial photography reveals similar discrepancies between the true shoreline and
the charted shoreline. It stands to reason that other important features such as dredged channel limits and
navigational aids also exhibit these types of biases. Unfortunately, on any given chart, the magnitude
and the direction of these discrepancies will vary in different areas of the chart. Therefore, no systematic
adjustment can easily be performed that will improve the inherent accuracy of the paper or electronic
chart. (ntl.bts.gov/)

REFERENCES:
T1 – Norris, A. (2010) ECDIS and Positioning London: The Nautical

Institute T2 – IMO Model course 1.27

T3 – Hecht, et al. (2011) The Electronic Chart, Fundamentals, Functions, Data essentials A Texbook for
rd
ECDIS Use and Training (3 Revised Edition) Lemmer, The Neitherlands: Geomares publishing.R3

JOHN B. LACSON FOUNDATION MARITIME UNIVERSITY (AREVALO), INC.

Sto. Niño Sur, Arevalo, Iloilo City BSMT Department

NAVIGATION 6 - Operational use of ECDIS

Module 2
Compiled by:

2/ Mate Jerry A. Alingalan

COURSE NUMBER: Navigation 6

COURSE TITLE: Operational use of ECDIS

COURSE CREDITS: Units: 2 Lecture: 1 Hr./Week Laboratory: 3 Hrs./Week Contact Hr. 4 hr./Week

COURSE FUNCTION: Navigation at Management and Operational level

COURSE COMPETENCE: Use of ECDIS to Maintain Safety in Navigation

Maintain the safety of navigation through the use of ECDIS and associated navigation system to
assist command decision making

COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course covers the requirements of 1978 STCW as amended Table A-
II/1 and Table A-II/2 with enhancement from the IMO Model course 7.02. Specifically, the course covers
Competence 3.1 topics of the Marine Transportation at the operational level.

COURSE OUTLINE:

PRELIM FINAL

1. Course introduction & familiarization plan 1. ARPA / RADAR overlay

2. Purpose of ECDIs 2. AIS function

3. Value to Navigation 3. Procuring and installing chart data

4. Correct and Incorrect use 4. Installing chart corrections

5. Work station start, stop & layout 5. System reset and back up

6. Vessel position 6. Archiving ECDIS data and data logging

7. Position source 7. Restricted waters (Advanced integrated navigation

8. Basic navigation with ECDIS)

9. Heading & drift vectors 8. Responsibility

10. Understanding chart data 9. Effective navigation with ECDIS

11. Open Sea 10. Coastal and restricted waters (Underway ECDIS

12. Chart quality and Accuracy navigation)

13. Chart organization

14. Sensors

15. Ports and data feeds

16. Chart Information chart selection

17. Changing the Settings

18. Chart Scaling

MIDTERM

19. Information Layers

20. System and position Alarms

21. Depth and Contours Alarms

22. Coastal Waters (Chart Display Setting)

23. Vessel maneuvering Characteristics

24. Route planning by table

25. Route planning by chart

26. Track limits

27. Checking plan for Safety

28. Additional navigational information

29. Coastal and Restricted Waters

30. Route Schedule

31. use Charts and Route Planning

Course Requirements:

1. Laboratory activity

2. Formative exams

3. Summative exams

Grade Components

Summative Tests 42%

Formative Tests 28%

Laboratory Work 30% Total 100%

Prelim – 20%

Midterm- 30% Tentative Final – 50%

Laboratory activity: Topic Venue Equipment

Assessment #1 - Load the appropriate chart School Laboratory Poseidon

Simulator

and set for coastal navigation

display applying the day and

night palette.

Assessment #2 - Make a route plan and School Laboratory Poseidon

Simulator

configure alarm monitoring

 system as required.

Assessment #3 - Create a route plan in coastal School Laboratory Poseidon

Simulator

and coastal water and conduct

navigation route scheduling as

required.

Welcome Students

Good day my dear students. It’s been awhile that we haven’t seen each other and miss all the bygones in our
school because of the present situation we all have and experienced yet somehow life must go on so does our
future and so let us all dwell and embrace the new blended learning instruction.

I am 2nd Mate Jerry A. Alingalan task as your instructor for this subject ‘ECDIS’.

Electronic Chart Display Information System is the most modern and sophisticated navigational equipment
used nowadays by all seafarers worldwide in the conduct of safe navigation. However, OOW should
always bear in mind that all advance navigational instrument and equipment are only aid but still the best
navigator is us, therefore, the knowledge, judgement and skill of the navigator plus the technology able the
ship to depart and arrive safely to her destination.
2/Mate Jerry A. Alingalan

Mobile No. 09215054618 (Smart)

09052727123 (Globe)

Email: jery.alingalan@jblfmu.edu.ph

Table of Contents

Module Number Title Page

2 2.6 Information Layers 6

2.7 System and position Alarms 7

2.8 Depth and Contours Alarms 7

2.9 Coastal Waters (Chart Display Setting) 8

3.0 Vessel maneuvering Characteristics 8

3.1 Route planning by table 8

3.2 Route planning by chart 9

 3.3 Track limits

3.4 Checking plan for Safety

3.5 Additional navigational information

3.6 Coastal and Restricted Waters

3.7 Route Schedule

3.8 Use Charts and Route Planning

Google – GNSS VIDEO Link

https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1CHBF_enPH884PH884&ei=CeQHX8ehKL6Sr7wPlcKCy
AQ&q=GN
SS+VIDEO&oq=GNSS+VIDEO&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQAzICCAAyBggAEAUQHjIGCAAQB
RAeMgYIABAIEB46
BAgAEEc6BAgAEEM6BggAEAcQHjoHCAAQsQMQQzoICAAQsQMQkQI6CAgAEAcQChAe
UMOL5AFYofPkA

WD6u-UBaABwA3gAgAGkBYgB_iuSAQM1LTmYAQCgAQGqAQdnd3Mtd2l6&sclient=psy-
ab&ved=0ahUKEwiHytG64sHqAhU-yYsBHRWhAEkQ4dUDCAw&uact=5

Video Title:

What is GNSS and how does it work?

Google – AIS VIDEO Link

https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1CHBF_enPH884PH884&ei=A_gHX7SlFLSTr7wPpbOaq
AQ&q=AIS

+VIDEO&oq=AIS+VIDEO&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQAzIGCAAQBxAeMgYIABAHEB4yBggAE
AcQHjIGCAAQBxA
eMgYIABAHEB4yBggAEAcQHjIGCAAQBxAeMgYIABAHEB4yBggAEAcQHjIGCAAQBxAe
OgQIABBHOgQIABB DOgIIADoICAAQsQMQkQI6CggAELEDEIMBEENQ16gIWN3aCGCT-

AhoAHABeACAAdAFiAHFHZIBBTUtNS4xmAEAoAEBqgEHZ3dzLXdpeg&sclient=psy-
ab&ved=0ahUKEwj0soPB9cHqAhW0yYsBHaWZBkUQ4dUDCAw&uact=5
What is AIS and how does it work?

Module 2

Lesson 2 - Watch keeping with ECDIS

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

1. Discuss errors affecting the performance of ECDIS in the open sea

2. Explain what the accuracy of chart data is dependent upon

3. Assess all errors, inaccuracies and ambiguities caused by improper data management

4. Introduced the organization of chart data distribution

5. Demonstrate the loading of ECDIS data

6. Explain the performance limits of devices for the position, course overground

7. Explain and analyze various sensors alarms and indications

2.6 Information Layers

Units, Data Layers, and Calculations ECDIS uses the following units of measure: (msi.nga.mil/)

• Position: Latitude and longitude will be shown in degrees, minutes, and decimal minutes, normally
based on WGS-84 datum.

• Depth: Depths will be indicated in meters and decimeters.

• Height: Meters

• Distance: Nautical miles and tenths, or meters

• Speed: Knots and tenths ECDIS requires data layers to establish a priority of data displayed.
The minimum number of Information categories required and their relative priority from highest
to lowest are listed below:

• ECDIS warnings and messages

• Hydrographic office data

• Notice to Mariners information

• Hydrographic office cautions

• Hydrographic office color-fill area data

• Hydrographic office on demand data

• Radar information

• User’s data

• Manufacturer’s data

• User’s color-fill area data

• Manufacturer’s color-fill area data

a. Reviewing and Applying Appropriate Day/Night Palette, Display

ECDIS allows the mariner to change the color palette that is used to display an ENC. Three different color
tables have been designed to provide the maximum clarity and contrast between features on the display
under three different lighting conditions on the bridge, namely Day, Dusk and Night. Each symbol is
rendered in a different color appropriate for the lighting condition that the color table is meant for. This
design provides maximum contrast for the display on a sunny day, as well as preserving night vision on a
dimly lit bridge in the evening. This allows the mariner to look back and forth between the chart on the
ECDIS display and out to sea through the bridge window without the mariner’s eyes needing to readjust to a
difference in light intensity.

• The Day Color Table, meant to be used in bright sunlight, uses a white background for deep water and
looks the most like a traditional paper chart.

• The Dusk Color Table uses a black background for deep water and colors are subdued, but slightly
brighter than those used in the Night Color Table.

• The Night Color Table, meant to be used in the darkest conditions, uses a black background for deep
water and muted color shades for other features. The images on the right portray Nantucket Island using each
of the three color tables. The symbols shown in the remainder of this document use the day color palette. :
(msi.nga.mil/)
 b. Observing Effect on Information Layers and Status Indications when Chart Data is
Loaded and when Chart Area

- Determine native scale of chart data as it is loaded

- Observe function of SCAMIN on and off when acquired chart area is underscaled (zoomed too far out)

- Observe indication of scale value - Layers additional to ENC must not be excessive so as to obscure the
standard

display is Under scaled(webcache.googleusercontent.com)

c. Difference between Information layers, User’s chart layers and event graphic
Information Layers - Determine native scale of chart data as it is loaded

User’s Chart Layer - The addition and removal of own chart entries such as manual corrections and
voyage planning

notes EX-2 Simulator exercise-open sea. (webcache.googleusercontent.com)

Event Graphic - Information categories required and their relative priority from highest to lowest are
listed below:

• ECDIS warnings and messages

• Hydrographic office data

• Notice to Mariners information

• Hydrographic office cautions

• Hydrographic office color-fill area data

• Hydrographic office on demand data

• Radar information

• User’s data

• Manufacturer’s data

• User’s color-fill area data

• Manufacturer’s color-fill area data

2.7 System and Position Alarm

a. Identifying and Responding to Alarms for Primary and Secondary Positioning Systems
Identify and respond to alarms for primary and secondary positioning systems, such us:

-Primary (secondary) failure of the system

- Primary (secondary)diff. mode loss

- Prim/sec. pos. diverge ( deviate or separate ) (webcache.googleusercontent.com)

b. Identifying and Responding to ECDIS Alarms from Autopilot in Track Control

Identify and respond to chart related alarms, such us:

Off chart - No official data

Datum unknown - AG(anti-grounding)monitoring off (webcache.googleusercontent.com)

2.8 Depth and Contours Alarms

a. Describing Router Monitoring Alarms Route monitoring alarms , such as:

- Crossing a safety contour

- Prohibited or other area

- Track error allowance (XTE)

- Waypoint arrival circle

- Safety contour changed (webcache.googleusercontent.com)

Check: Ensure that Route Alarms are configured correctly.

Action: Check that the following Alarms are configured appropriately:

- End of Route Alarm Off

- Out of XTD Alarm On

- Out of Schedule Alarm (configure as necessary)

- WPT Approach Alarm On (set appropriate value)

- Off Leg Course Alarm On (configure as necessary) (witherbypublishinggroup.com) b. Identifying

Depth-related Information
- Safe water depth - Depth sounder related alarms

- Depth from sounder - Depth value of safety contour (webcache.googleusercontent.com)

2.9 Coastal Waters (Chart Display Setting)

a. Demonstration of the Correct Coastal Water Chart Display (https://www.google.com.ph/)

2.9 Vessel Maneuvering Characteristics

a. Verifying Positioning especially when ECDIS is connected to Autopilot

- Generally, only “observe position” is controlled - Where an ECDIS curved predictor is provided,
caution to be

Exercised as it may only project a momentary rate of turn, rather than sophisticated hydrodynamic
calculations, and

Therefore have limited accuracy (webcache.googleusercontent.com)

b. Determining Methods of Alert for Wheel over when Approaching Waypoints

Determine methods of alert for wheel over when approaching waypoints, such as:

- Turn radius maneuvering characteristics of own ship apply to curved track in ECDIS route planning

- Arrival circle centered on waypoint with circumference intersecting wheel over point on ECDIS route
(webcache.googleusercontent.com)

3.0 Vessel Maneuvering Characteristics

a. Verifying Positioning especially when ECDIS is connected to Autopilot

- Generally, only “observe position” is controlled - Where an ECDIS curved predictor is provided,
caution to be exercised as it may only project a momentary rate of turn, rather than sophisticated
hydrodynamic calculations, and therefore have limited accuracy (webcache.googleusercontent.com)

b. Determining Methods of Alert for Wheel over when Approaching Waypoints

Determine methods of alert for wheel over when approaching waypoints, such as:

- Turn radius maneuvering characteristics of own ship apply to curved track in ECDIS route planning
- Arrival circle centered on waypoint with circumference intersecting wheel over point on ECDIS route
(webcache.googleusercontent.com)

3.1 Route Planning by Table

Route display setup

Check: Ensure that the display is configured for Route Monitoring. Action: Configure the
following parameters appropriately:

- Headline

- COG Vector

- HDG Vector

- Ship by Contour or Symbol

- Align by HDG

- Course/Leg/Speed On

- XTD On

- Arrival Circle Off

- Radius On

- WPT Names On (witherbypublishinggroup.com)

a. Retrieving a Stored Plan

- For use in route monitoring

- For planning and review (webcache.googleusercontent.com)

b. Constructing a Route Plan by Inputting Waypoint Data Alphanumerically into a Route

Planning Table

Waypoint selection

Check: Ensure that the correct Waypoint information is being displayed. Action: Check that the following
are configured correctly:

- Waypoint Selection Auto or Manual

- Arrival Circle Auto or Manual

- Radius Auto or Manual

- Track History On (set appropriate value)

- Secondary Track On. (witherbypublishinggroup.com)

c. Establishing Procedures to Name, Link, Rename, Archive, Retrieve and Data Route Files

3.2 Route Planning by Chart (https://www.google.com.ph/)

a. Selecting the Sea Areas and the Required Waters for Planning the Whole

Passage b. Obtaining Track Courses and Distances from the Chart c. Obtaining

Relevant Route Planning Information

3.3 Track Limits

a. Reviewing the Alarm Setting used as a Vessel Proceeding along a Monitored Route

- Deviation of the current course angle as set in planned route

- xte(cross track error)exceeds the value set in the route data table

- Guard vector for crossing safety contour

- Guard vector for entering special purpose areas - Guard ring for crossing an isolated danger

(webcache.googleusercontent.com)

b. Modifying the Setting XTE in Previously Saved Route

- Re-check the route for crossing danger of navigation according to the setting of XTE zones

- Observe the alarm triggering while proceeding along the modified route leg

- Examine results graphically on appropriate scale chart data (webcache.googleusercontent.com)

3.4 Checking Plan for Safety

a. Checking a Previously Created and Saved Route for Crossing Dangers of

Navigation according to
the

Setting-track Distance

b. assessing a Route Plan Based on a Safety Check

Ex. Simulator exercise – coastal & restricted waters (navigational arms & route scheduling

3.5 Additional Navigational Information

a. Discussing Various Hydro-meteorological Data that could be available in the

ECDIS Database (tides current, weather, etc.)

3.6 Coastal and Restricted Waters (https://www.google.com.ph/

a. Identifying the Coastal and Restricted Waters

3.7 Route Schedules

a. Observing Calculations of Progress along the Planned Route

b. Using the ETA Application in ECDIS, Calculating Time or Speed at a Selected Waypoint
on a Monitored Route
 3.8 Use Charts and Route Planning

a. Reviewing the ECDIS Function for creating Mariner’s Notes (user’s chart)

b. Determining Policy Regarding User’s Chart

c. Creating, Saving and Moving an Anchor Circle Guard Zone on a User Chart

- An anchor circle can include a “danger” attribute triggered by the ECDIS Consistent Common Reference
Point (CCRP)

- The diameter should represent the maximum swing circle of the vessel

- The User Chart anchor circle should be positioned on the vessel’s hawse pipe at the moment the anchor
is let go

- Anchor Guard Zone functions provided on ECDIS (as on GNSS units) generally do not reference the
position of the

Vessels anchor or the vessel’s swing circle. (webcache.googleusercontent.com)

JOHN B. LACSON FOUNDATION MARITIME UNIVERSITY (AREVALO), INC.

Sto. Niño Sur, Arevalo, Iloilo City BSMT Department

NAVIGATION 6 - Operational use of ECDIS

Modul1e 3
Compiled by:

2/ Mate Jerry A. Alingalan

COURSE NUMBER: Navigation 6

COURSE TITLE: Operational use of ECDIS

COURSE CREDITS: Units: 2 Lecture: 1 Hr./Week Laboratory: 3 Hrs./Week Contact Hr. 4 hr./Week

COURSE FUNCTION: Navigation at Management and Operational level

COURSE COMPETENCE: Use of ECDIS to Maintain Safety in Navigation

Maintain the safety of navigation through the use of ECDIS and associated navigation system to
assist command decision making

COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course covers the requirements of 1978 STCW as amended Table A-
II/1 and Table A-II/2 with enhancement from the IMO Model course 7.02. Specifically, the course covers
Competence 3.1 topics of the Marine Transportation at the operational level.
COURSE OUTLINE:

PRELIM FINAL

1. Course introduction & familiarization plan 1. ARPA / RADAR overlay

2. Purpose of ECDIs 2. AIS function

3. Value to Navigation 3.Procuring and installing chart data

4. Correct and Incorrect use 4.Installing chart corrections

5. Work station start, stop & layout 5. System reset and back up

6. Vessel position 6. Archiving ECDIS data and data logging

7. Position source 7. Restricted waters (Advanced integrated navigation

8. Basic navigation with ECDIS)

9. Heading & drift vectors 8.Responsibility

10. Understanding chart data 9. Effective navigation with ECDIS

11. Open Sea 10. Coastal and restricted waters (Underway ECDIS

12. Chart quality and Accuracy navigation)

13. Chart organization

14. Sensors

15. Ports and data feeds

16. Chart Information chart selection

17. Changing the Settings

18. Chart Scaling

MIDTERM

19. Information Layers

20. System and position Alarms

21. Depth and Contours Alarms

22. Coastal Waters (Chart Display Setting)

23. Vessel maneuvering Characteristics

24. Route planning by table

25. Route planning by chart

26. Track limits

27. Checking plan for Safety

28. Additional navigational information

29. Coastal and Restricted Waters

30. Route Schedule

31. Use Charts and Route Planning

Course Requirements:

1. Laboratory activity

2. Formative exams

3. Summative exams

Grade Components

Summative Tests 42%

Formative Tests 28%

Laboratory Work 30% Total 100%

Prelim – 20%

Midterm- 30% Tentative Final – 50%

Laboratory activity: Topic Venue Equipment Assessment #1 – Create a route plan in restricted waters
School Laboratory Poseidon Simulator

and configure to advance integrated navigation with ECDIS.

Assessment #2 – Create a route plan and conduct a School Laboratory Poseidon Simulator safe passage in
coastal and waters

using ECDIS.

Welcome Students

Good day my dear students. It’s been awhile that we haven’t seen each other and miss all the bygones in our
school because of the present situation we all have and experienced yet somehow life must go on so does our
future and so let us all dwell and embrace the new blended learning instruction.

I am 2nd Mate Jerry A. Alingalan task as your instructor for this subject ‘ECDIS’.

Electronic Chart Display Information System is the most modern and sophisticated navigational equipment
used nowadays by all seafarers worldwide in the conduct of safe navigation. However, OOW should
always bear in mind that all advance navigational instrument and equipment are only aid but still the best
navigator is us, therefore, the knowledge, judgement and skill of the navigator plus the technology able the
ship to depart and arrive safely to her destination.
2/Mate Jerry A. Alingalan

Mobile No. 09215054618 (Smart)

09052727123 (Globe)

Email: jery.alingalan@jblfmu.edu.ph

Table of Contents

Module Number Title Page

3 3.9 ARPA/Radar overlay 6

4.0 AIS functions 6

4.1Procuring and installing chart data

4.2Installing chart corrections

4.3System reset and backup16

 4.4 Archiving ECDIS data and data logging

4.5 Restricted waters (advanced integrated navigation with ECDIS) 17

4.6 Responsibility 17

4.7 Effective navigation with ECDIS

4.8 Coastal & restricted waters (underway ECDIS Navigation 18

Module 3

Lesson 3 – ECDIS, Target, Chart system

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

1. Examine the sensor set-up requirements for ARPA target

2. Determine speed and heading inputs used in ARPA targets data calculation

3. Review chart format requirements for ECDIS

4. Extract information on installation history

5. Explain why electronic chart data is maintained with up-to-date correction

Final:

3.9 ARPA/RADAR Overly

Radar overlay (a raw radar image overlaid on an electronic chart) is the best means of verifying
cartographic data and the output of navigation sensors. The radar overlay feature of an ECDIS not only
duplicates the radar itself, as some navigators know, but can also be used to verify the entire
navigational system. The purpose of this article is to explain how this works.

Radar-ECDIS Integration

Radar-ECDIS integration technologies include “digital NMEA integration” and radar processors. The
former allows for input of tracked target data into ECDIS, provided the radar has ARPA; the latter allows
analog-digital transformation of the video signal from the radar and input of this signal into the ECDIS,
as can be seen in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Radar image overlay. (www.maritime-executive.com)

a. Examining Sensor Set-up Requirements for ARPA

4.2 AIS Function

Display of AIS Information

With the advent of GPS, DGPS and modern data communication it has become feasible to provide an
automatic reporting device (transponder) to control and monitor the maritime environment of a ship.

An automatic reporting system has been developed for the maritime industry using the maritime VHF
band for the transmission and reception of its data signals, and has been defined as “Universal Advanced
Identification System

(Universal AIS). AIS system will display on the screen the latest position information of all vessels
within range of the AIS.

Data Flow

The application reads data from the serial RS-232 interface to which the AIS transponder is connected.
These raw bytes are then sent to the AIS module which calls the hardware driver (DPI) to evaluate the
received data. After the driver has returned the result of the evaluation to the API the AIS module processes
this information. Finally the information is passed on to the application which is then able to display AIS
targets and messages on screen, both addressed and broadcast.

Guard Range

The Guard Range is a radius (in nautical miles) defining a circle around the ship.

All AIS targets within this range will be marked as dangerous. The default value for the Guard Range is
1.0 nm.

Timeout

If its AIS signal is not updated within the set amount of seconds an AIS target will be erased from the
Chart Display. The Timeout value applies to all AIS targets on

the Chart Display. The default value is 360 secs.

Note: When many AIS targets are displayed overall performance may decrease.
AIS Target Symbols

The symbols displayed and described in the following are based on a proposal of the DGON
(Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Ortung und Navigation – German Institute of Navigation)

-Sleeping AIS target.

-AIS data available.

-Intruder.

-Target intruding in a guard zone.

-Activated AIS target with heading marker and past positions on request.

-Lost target (AIS signal no longer received).

Displaying AIS Target Information

When an AIS symbol is clicked on with the left mouse button and information window opens. In this
window the principal information about the target is shown. This information is displayed and updated until
the target leaves the detection range, or the user selects another target from the list, or the AIS target display
is turned off or the window is closed.

Chart Display with AIS Target Info

Another target may be selected by choosing it from the list of available targets. These targets are sorted
by ship name, if available. Otherwise the unique MMSI number is shown in the selection box. However,
clicking on another target symbol in the chart also selects this target.

Find a Target

Targets within the detection range are listed in the selection box. Depending on the current chart range
some of these targets may not be displayed in the chart area. To locate a target click on the Find button in
the AIS Target Info window. The chart will scroll and the selected target will be displayed in the center of
the chart area.

Automatic AIS Tracking

Target information may be retrieved directly from the AIS information. When AIS targets are available,
simply activate Track AIS Target and click on the target of interest. Target information is used for CPA
calculation. The detection of the target's direction may take some time. Usually, the Automatic

Chart Feed function is used to keep the ship's position within the view. In some situations the position of
an upcoming vessel or the calculated CPA area is of higher interest than the ship's own position. Select
Center Target or Center CPA to keep the current position of the target or the CPA centered.
Select Center None to turn off the tracking.

The CPA Display including tracking and target display is turned off automatically a certain time after
both ships have passed each other. (www.ceact.com)

a. Determining Speed and Heading Inputs used in ARPA Targets Data Calculations

4.1 Procuring and Installing Chart Data

The method of procurement of electronic charts is different when compared to paper charts. Unlike
paper charts which are only purchased once, until a new edition is published or a chart is cancelled,

electronic charts are purchased through a license system called “permits”. Permits are used to control
the permission to use a chart. They prevent unofficial copying and distribution.

In this article I would like to elaborate procedures to order charts and to keep them updated onboard. In the
earlier days, paper charts had to be ordered and corrected to the latest week prior commencement of a
voyage. With Induction of Electronic Charts, this process is much easier and faster. The chart cells for the
forthcoming voyage can be activated almost immediately by purchasing the license to activate them,
usually by sending an email to the chart provider. Once the base DVDs are received, charts can be updated
in a very short period of time.

ENCs are issued by or on behalf of a national hydrographic authority and comply with specifications of
the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). To use the ENCs ships has to contact an official ENC
distributor.

This article highlights the chart or chart permit procuring procedure through Chart distributor and
methods for chart correction and updating for ECDIS.

a. Reviewing Chart Data Structure, Terminology and Installation Procedures Ordering cell permit is a
three step process which includes the following:

Lets suppose, a ship will sail from Singapore to Mumbai..

We can use the Chartco Passage Manager to get the details of charts for the intended voyage.

This is how the process in ChartCo Passage Manager looks like.

Step 1 – Main menu has the option ‘Routes & Passages’.

Step 2 – Automated routing selecting the departure and arrival ports via intended regions can assist
navigating officer as he plans route for the voyage. It will then show the route from departure port to
destination port. Here is an example of a route from Singapore to Mumbai, India. This is a preliminary
passage planning for finding out charts for the intended route. Several other factors like weather condition,
No Go areas to be avoided due to navigational hazards especially for long voyages. This is a short route
and hence uses rhumb line courses as default; however, for long ocean voyages, for E.g. from Yokohama,
Japan to Mexico the route also shows GC track options.

Page 8

ROUTE SHOWING SINGAPORE TO MUMBAI

ROUTE SHOWING YOKOHAMA TO MEXICO

The right hand column under the ENC/AVCS displays all the charts and user can select the charts as
required from each category.

There are 6 different categories of ENCs as follows:

Overview General Coastal Approach Harbour Berthing

The charts can be selected by clicking on the chart area in the map. The selected chart will have yellow
lines and will display cell name.

As mentioned earlier it is also important to take weather conditions into account while selecting charts. The
route from EDCIS can be exported and analyzed using MetManager which is a weather monitoring
software Map. Also during passage planning the waypoints can be adjusted accordingly. An example of
MetManager is shown below:

Step 3 – Once all the required charts are selected we need to send a request to the Chart Distributor. This is
done by selecting the option –‘Add selected products to basket’ at the right hand bottom corner. A
Shopping Basket icon at the bottom indicates that there are items within the basket.
Once that’s done another option of ‘Create Order’ will pop up at the bottom. ‘Order Address

Information’ window pops up where order information has to be filled for e.g. name and email address.
Once the order is created successfully an Order Output Summary is generated where the order files need to
be sent to the nominated chart agent. It also prompts you to print the order for reference. On clicking Yes, it
generates a PDF order form for your records. The orders are then sent to an ‘OUTPUT

folder’. You can then open the folder and attach the order files to an email and finally send to the
nominated admiralty chart agent.

The AVCS ENC Permits will then be supplied to your vessel by your admiralty chart agent in a zipped file.
The contents should be extracted to a media, for example USB flash drive or floppy disk that can be read by
the system. The permits are normally purchased for a period of 3, 6, 9 or 12 months. On receiving the
permits it is put into the ECDIS and this will allow it to display the chart as a SENC (System Electronic
Navigational Chart) and receive updates which will be discuss later.

Importing the Permits:

To load the permits do the following:

Step 1: choose ‘Chart Permits’ from the Chart Menu.

Step 2: Click the ‘Load File’ button. The Load File button is used to initiate the ENC permit installation
to the ECDIS. When selected a Permit Load window will be displayed. In this window the user will have
to identify the source, folder or external drive where the ENC permits are stored.

Step 3: Choose the correct drive from the look in list box, drive ‘E’ for USB memory device or ‘A’
for floppy disc.
Step 4: Permits are available in two formats: one in PMT format and the other in TXT format. The user must
highlight the ‘PERMIT.TXT’ file and then click open to install the ENC Permits. After importing the cell
permits successfully, the ENCs of the desired voyage will be available in the ECDIS. A backup of the
permits can also be created by using the ‘Backup’ button in the selected drive. The format is always PMT.

The officer in charge must note that the expiry date of a permit controls the loading of Base charts and
their updates to the ECDIS. If a permit has expired, it is not possible to load a chart or its updates which
was issued after the expiration date of the permit. The user can view the chart forever however it will not
complete the requirements for having up-to-date charts.

A graphical coverage of all the charts loaded in the hard disc can be viewed in the Chart Catalogue. The
catalogue can be viewed from the Chart Menu. The ‘View Filter’ section can be used to display charts
for which permits are available. The charts appear color coded. The easiest method to check if charts are

up-to-date is to view the catalogue and check that the names of all required charts appear in green. The
names of charts which are not up-to-date appear in orange.

(www.marineinsight.com)

b. Reviewing Chart Format Requirements for ECDIS

c. Extracting Information on Installation History

4.2 Installing Chart Corrections Chart Correction on ECDIS:

Charts on ECDIS need to be updated and corrected on a regular basis. Unlike paper charts where the
procedure involves manual insertion of the corrections, corrections to ENCs are made automatically.

ECDIS allows updating the existing charts and installing new charts too. Admiralty Vector Charts data is
delivered on a series of CDs labeled Base and Update or DVDs. New ENCs can be loaded with an ENC
Base CD/DVD. This base CD is issued every 6 to 8 weeks. The name of the countries included on the Base
CD/DVD is written on top of the cover. Only those ENC Base CDs/DVDs are needed to be loaded for which
permits are available. The Base disc label contains the date and week of issue. After all the relevant Base
discs have been installed, the ECDIS can now be updated. However now a days information is collated into a
single base DVD. There is no different DVD for base cells. When using the AVCS DVD service only one
disc needs to be installed because it contains the entire base ENCs and Updates up to the date of its issue.

Charts are updated on a weekly basis and the ENC Update CD/DVD is issued every week. The only exception
to this is in a week when AVCs Base discs are re-issued. In this instance a AVCs Update CD will not be issued.
The Update CD contains all new ENCs, new edition of ENCs and ENC updates issued since
the last set of Base discs were issued. The ENC Update CD is cumulative; so in case you receive more
than one CD, just load the latest CD received. In the case of DVDs you would most likely to have two
DVDs. DVD contains base and update data for the complete week.

a. Explain Why Electronic Chart Data is Maintained with up-to date Corrections

The Master shall keep and maintain the latest editions of Charts (of a large enough scale) & Nautical
Publications for the areas which the merchant vessel routinely trades. In addition he is to also keep
selected Charts and nautical Publications taking into consideration the possibility of an emergency entry
into such waters.

There are currently two methods of carrying out electronic chart corrections, either via Weekly Updates, CD
or downloaded weekly from a recognized electronic chart supplier’s data. The preferred method will be
decided by the Management Office depending on the communications equipment onboard the vessel but in
the majority of cases the lack of internet access will determine the update CD as the best option. This
regular update CD should be arranged through vessel management office under a folio management
contract, similar to that which should be in place for the paper charts and publications onboard.

In circumstances where the electronic chart data is used for reference only, such systems must be
maintained up-to-date. If the electronic chart software onboard is not being maintained with regular updates,
the system must be switched off. Where such equipment is recorded on the Safety Equipment certification
of the vessel, Class will also require notification.

Uncorrected chart data appearing on the electronic chart may cause confusion to the navigator compared
with data recorded on the paper chart and this is obviously a dangerous condition for the vessel.

Vessels using ECDIS as the primary means of navigation, as specifically approved by their flag state, must
be subject to regular software updates as this will have been a condition of the ship-specific approval.

All corrections to charts and publications are available through a contractor who is authorized by various
major hydrographic organizations. All corrections to active Charts (current portfolio) are also available
via email and blocks correction to publications as well as full Notice to Mariners sent monthly by disc in
mail packet.

Charts must also be corrected with any local Notices to Mariners issued by a port.

For ships fitted with ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display System), the Company (through a contractor)
supplies disc containing updates of charts. However, it is emphasized that the where primary means of
navigation is the paper chart and ECDIS is only an aid to navigation. (shipbusiness.com)

b. Examine Production License Options for Accessibility

c. Apply Temporary and Preliminary Corrections and Navigation Warnings

Correction of Charts & Nautical Publications

A responsible officer should immediately correct the present voyage charts & publications upon receipt of
the corrections, followed by other charts and publications.

Only current editions of Charts and Publications are to be used. Cancelled editions must be clearly marked
so, in pen, and removed from the confines (territory) of the wheelhouse.

If there is a change in the route or the trading pattern, the previous charts must corrected until Master is
sure that the vessel will not revert to that route in the foreseeable future.

Vessel using Digitrace should thoroughly familiarize / reading the instruction manual for correction of
Charts and Nautical Publications .

Temporary (T) & Preliminary (P) notice numbers are to be recorded in Chart Correction Record . Such
information is readily available in weekly notices to mariners or from the Digitrace system as well as from
the monthly Digitrace update CDs (containing complete Notices to Mariners with corrections for all Charts
& Publications).

Applicable T & P corrections shall then be made in Pencil on all charts to be used for the current
voyage. After correcting affected voyage charts for applicable T & P corrections, the correction number
shall be entered in Pencil at the location of correction as well as on the bottom of chart.

After making such correction, suitable annotation shall be made in the Chart Correction Record to indicate
that the correction has been physically made on the chart. Any cancelled T & P notices should be struck
out in the Chart Correction Record and erased from the corresponding charts.

A copy of the current In-Force list (usually published monthly) shall be filed along with the Chart
Correction Record and used for monitoring and verification of current T & P notices in force.

Navigational Warnings promulgated through Notices to Mariners (Navareas / Hydrolant / Hydropac)

should be filed area wise as long as valid (removed when cancelled), in a dedicated file, and relevant ones
marked on voyage charts.

Navigational warnings received through EGC or Navtex should also be marked on chart if applicable and
the printout retained for 1 year. It is necessary for the Officer on Watch and Master to sign on the printouts
and for all officers to sign on the Weather Faxes. (shipbusiness.com)

If the back-up is an electronic device, it should be capable of displaying at least the information equivalent
to the standard display as defined in this performance standard.

Provision of chart information

1. The chart information to be used in the backup arrangement should be the latest edition, as corrected by
official updates, of that issued by or on the authority of a Government, authorized Hydrographic Office or
other relevant government institution, and conform to IHO standards.

2. It should not be possible to alter the contents of the electronic chart information.

3. The chart or chart data edition and issuing date should be indicated.

Updating

The information displayed by the ECDIS back-up arrangements should be up-to-date for the entire voyage.

Scale

If an electronic device is used, it should provide an indication:

1. if the information is displayed at a larger scale than that contained in the database; and

2. if own ship’s position is covered by a chart at a larger scale than that provided by the system.

If radar and other navigational information are added to an electronic back-up display, all the
corresponding requirements for radar information and other navigation information of this performance
standard should be met.

If an electronic device is used, the display mode and generation of the neighboring area should be
in accordance with section 8 of this performance standard.

4.3 System Reset and Backup Voyage recording

The back-up arrangements should be able to keep a record of the ship’s actual track, including positions
and corresponding times.

Reliability

The back-up arrangements should provide reliable operation under prevailing environmental and
normal operating conditions. (www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov)

a. Explain the Intent of Regulations on ECDIS Back-up Arrangements

Adequate back-up arrangements should be provided to ensure safe navigation in case of an ECDIS failure.

1. Facilities enabling a safe take-over of the ECDIS functions should be provided to avoid that an ECDIS
failure develops into a critical situation.

2. A back-up arrangement should be provided facilitating means for safe navigation of the remaining part
of the voyage in case of an ECDIS failure. (webcahe.googleusercontent.com)
 b. Discuss Back-up Procedures in Standalone ECDIS failure Event

c. Discuss Network Back-up Procedures in (Master) ECDIS Failure Event

4.4 Archiving ECDIS Data and Data Logging

ECDIS must be able to record the complete track for the entire voyage with time marks at least once every
four hours. ECDIS should also have the capability to preserve the record of the previous 12 hours of the
voyage.

It is a requirement that the recorded information be inaccessible to alteration. Preserving voyage files should
follow procedures for archiving data. Unless radar overlay data is being recorded, voyage files tend to be
relatively small, permitting backup onto low-capacity media, and purging from system memory at regular
intervals. (This form of backing up should not be confused with the network master- slave backup system.)

Adequate backup arrangements must be provided to ensure safe navigation in case of ECDIS failure.
This includes

provisions to take over ECDIS functions so that an ECDIS failure does not develop into a critical
situation, and

a means of safe navigation for the remaining part of the voyage in case of complete failure. (msi.nga.mil)

a. Discuss ECDIS Data Management to work with Files Associated with ECDIS Operations

b. Discuss ECDIS Data Management to Transfer Selected Data Files between Storage Media

c. Examine Display Functions of own Ship Track and Tracks of AIS and ARPA Targets

4.5 Restricted Waters (Advance Integrated Navigation with ECDIS)

a. Assess the Passage in Restricted Waters Using ECDIS (https ://www.google.com.ph/)

b. Discuss ECDIS Data Management to work with Files Associated with ECDIS

Operations c. Discuss ECDS Data Management to transfer Selected Data files between

Storage Media d. Examine Display functions of own ship Track and Tracks of AIS and

ARPA Targets e. Assess the Passage in Restricted waters using ECDIS

4.6 Responsibility

a. Review COLREGS
 b. Review IMO as Amended

c. Review the need to ensure that ECDIS Software is kept up to date

4.7 Effective Navigation with ECDIS

a. Plan an Effective Navigation with ECDIS

4.8 Costal and Restricted Waters (Underway ECDIS Navigation)

a. Prepare a Plan to Navigate in Coastal and Restricted Waters with ECDIS

NAV 6 Quizes

Which of the following will be the configured correctly to ensure that the correct waypoint
information is being displayed? Track history on

What is being selected and required water area for planning the whole passage on route planning
by chart?

Sea Areas

What is included in an anchor circle tribute that is triggered by the ECDIS’ Consistent
Common Reference Point (CCRP)? Danger

What should represent the maximum swing circle of the vessel on an anchor guard zone on
the chart? Diameter

What should be positioned on the vessel’s hawse pipe at the moment the anchor is let

go? User chart anchor circle

What is called to the addition and removal of all chart’s entries such as manual corrections
and voyage Planning? User’s Chart Layers

What should be verified especially when ECDIS is connected to auto pilot? Position

Which of the following parameters should appropriately be ensured that the display is configured
for route monitoring? Headline

What is being used in route monitoring, planning and review? Retrieving Stored Plan

Which of the following is not included in a way point selection? Headline

What is a source of error that often introduces biases?

Manual application of survey data varying scales to the fixed chart

Which of the following is one of the information layers? Position

Which of the following is the required information category? Warnings and messages

Which of the following which is not included on the chat palette display of ECDIS? Morning

What determines a native scale of chart data as it is loaded? Information Layers

What is generally controlled when verifying position especially when ECDIS is connected to
auto pilot?
Observed Position

What is being applied in ECDIS routing planning in turning maneuvering characteristic of own
ship?

Curved Track

Which of the following in not included in the configuration parameters appropriately in route
planning by table? Track History

Which of the following is the purpose of retrieving a stored plan? For use in route monitoring

Where can you input the waypoint data alphanumeric in waypoint selection when constructing
a route plan?

Route Planning Table

Which of the following is not included to be checked in order to endure that the correct
waypoint information is being displayed and are configured correctly? Secondary Track Off

Which of the following is not included in reviewing the alarm settings used as a vessel proceeding
along a monitored route? Examine result graphically on appropriate scale chart data

Which of the following is not included in modifying the setting XTE in previously saved route?

Guard vector for crossing safety contour

Where should the checking of previously created and saved route for crossing dangers of navigation
be based?
Setting-track distance

Where is the assessing of route plan based?

Safety Check

What is called to a zoomed in display that is too close beyond the standard accuracy? Over scale

What indicates the larger scale data, and display may cause some information to be hidden?
Under scale

Which of the following will results to unacceptable clutter due to the data density, if it is turned

off? Under scale with SCAMIN

What is the function on the electronic chart that enables the operator to change the scale? Zoom

Which of the following reveals similar discrepancies between the true shoreline and the charted
shoreline?

High Accuracy Aerial Photography

What ECDIS alarm will sound as the vessel accumulates her track error allowance? Route
monitoring alarm

It is a measurement process calculating ECDIS information having the unit in meters

and decimeters. Depth
What aspect of ECDIS does have its unit of measurement use in calculation of related information?
Information layers

What is the most significant ECDIS information for any ships caught in emergency situation at
sea? Position

What would be the repercussion in using an under – scale chart in coastal

navigation? The display may cause inevitably some information to be hidden

What type of chart is suitable to be use in passing twelve miles west of

Philippines? Coastal chart

Using an over – scaled chart in coastal navigation will attest and signify.

The display is too close

The determination of “alert for wheel“ prior arrival at waypoint is related to.

Vessel’s maneuvering characteristic

When does the depth and contours or route monitoring alarm will sounds? waypoint arrival circle

It refers in identifying and responding to an immediate primary and secondary warning signal.

System and position alarms

The “safe water pass “ is most related to.

Depth related information

What indication does using an under – scaled chart in coastal navigation will result?

It indicates that larger scale data is available for the area in question

How does a “General chart” directly affects when it is use in coastal navigation?

The correct answer is: It pose a clear danger as all the information is small and obscured

When does any alarm signal becomes an apparent threat to navigation?

When any of the alarm system is not working

How do you identify and respond to a chart related alarm? When the chart data is unknown

What is the correct chart scaling in coastal navigation? Adequately scaled

Which is the first prioritized information required as categorized from highest to lowest?

ECDIS warning and messages

A coastal chart is well define as. Large scale chart

In verifying the ship’s position especially when ECDIS is connected to autopilot steering is
related to.

Vessel’s maneuvering characteristic

What is the significant manifestation to a chart related alarm? The anti – grounding monitoring is
off
Which of the following is not included on the action of configuring parameters appropriately to

ensure that the display is configured for route monitoring? Departure circle off

What is the purpose of retrieving a stored plan? For planning and review

Which of the following is not included in checking if ECDIS is configured correctly to ensure that
the correct waypoint information is being displayed? Secondary track is on

Which of the following Category Zone of confidence indicates 6 asterisks inside the
inverted triangle? Zoc A1

Which of the following is excluded in modifying the setting XTE in previously saved route?

Check the route for crossing danger of navigation according to setting of XTE zones

Which of the following Category Zone of confidence indicates 5 asterisks inside the
inverted triangle? Zoc A2

Where is the assessing of a route plan based? Safety check

Which of the following is not included on reviewing the alarm setting used as a vessel proceeding
along a monitored route? XTE does not exceed the value set in the route data table

Which of the following Category Zone of confidence indicates 4 asterisks inside the
inverted triangle? Zoc B

Which of the sensor alarms will be triggered when an alarm message “Lost GPS1 switch to GPS2”
is displayed in the alarm box? GPS alarms

How is the checking of the plan done? Checking a previously created and saved route for crossing
dangers of navigation according to the setting- track distance

How is the route scheduling done? Observing calculations of progress along the planned route
Which of the following is excluded in using the chart and route planning? Observing calculations
of progress along the planned route

What is the source of often-introduced biases in manual application of survey data of varying scales
to the fixed chart? Error

Which of the following Category Zone of confidence indicates that the area is unassessed? Zoc U

Which of the following is the checking plan that is used for safety?

Assessing a route plan based on safety check

What is the purpose of a stored plan to be retrieved? For use in route monitoring

Which of the following is not included on route planning by chart?

Observing the alarm triggering while proceeding along the modified route

Which of the following is excluded in reviewing the alarm setting used as a vessel proceeding along

a monitored route? Deviation of the rudder course angle as set-in planned route

Which of the following is excluded in modifying the setting XTE in previous route?

Observing the guard ring for crossing an isolated danger

How would you identify an area on the chart to be cross hatched and annotated as “NO

GO AREA”?

When chart depth contour is equal to or lower than the calculated ship’s “safety depth”

Which of the following results when a calculated Height of tide is subtracted from the sum of

the ship’s dynamic draft, ship’s squat, and company required extra draft? Safety Depth

Which of the following “Safety Alarms” will be triggered when the value of the sea depth at the

current ship’s position is lower than the safety depth value entered in the Chart Setting,

Technical Channel? Grounding Alarm

What was the standard adopted by the IHO to protect the ENCs from any unauthorized or

illegal copying?

S-63: The IHO Data Protection Scheme

When does any alarm signal become an apparent threat to navigation?

When any other alarm is not working

Which of the following is not included in the discussion of various hydro-meteorological data

that could be available in the ECDIS data base? Humidity

What is generally being controlled when verifying positioning especially when ECDIS is
connected to autopilot? Observed position

What will be the cause when ECDIS curve is provided were cautioned to be exercised as it may
project a momentary rate of turn, rather than sophisticated hydrodynamic calculations? Limited
accuracy

Which of the following is being centered in waypoints with circumference, which intersects the

wheel over point on the ECDIS route in determining methods of alert for wheel over when

approaching? Arrival circle

What characteristic of own ship applies to curve track in ECDIS route planning in determining
methods of alert for wheel over when approaching waypoints? Turn radius maneuvering
Midterm:

2.6 Information Layers

Units, Data Layers, and Calculations ECDIS uses the following units of measure: (msi.nga.mil/)

• Position: Latitude and longitude will be shown in degrees, minutes, and decimal minutes, normally based on WGS-

84 datum.

• Depth: Depths will be indicated in meters and decimeters.

• Height: Meters

• Distance: Nautical miles and tenths, or meters

• Speed: Knots and tenths ECDIS requires data layers to establish a priority of data displayed.

The minimum number of Information categories required and their relative priority from highest to lowest
are listed below:

• ECDIS warnings and messages

• Hydrographic office data

• Notice to Mariners information

• Hydrographic office cautions

• Hydrographic office color-fill area data

• Hydrographic office on demand data

• Radar information

• User’s data

• Manufacturer’s data

• User’s color-fill area data

• Manufacturer’s color-fill area data

a. Reviewing and Applying Appropriate Day/Night Palette, Display

ECDIS allows the mariner to change the color palette that is used to display an ENC. Three different color tables have
been designed to provide the maximum clarity and contrast between features on the display under three different
lighting conditions on the bridge, namely Day, Dusk and Night. Each symbol is rendered in a different color
appropriate for the lighting condition that the color table is meant for. This design provides maximum contrast for the
display on a sunny day, as well as preserving night vision on a dimly lit bridge in the evening. This allows the mariner
to look back and forth between the chart on the ECDIS display and out to sea through the bridge window without the
mariner’s eyes needing to readjust to a difference in light intensity.

• The Day Color Table, meant to be used in bright sunlight, uses a white background for deep water and looks the most
like a traditional paper chart.

• The Dusk Color Table uses a black background for deep water and colors are subdued, but slightly brighter than those
used in the Night Color Table.

• The Night Color Table, meant to be used in the darkest conditions, uses a black background for deep water and muted
color shades for other features. The images on the right portray Nantucket Island using each of the three color tables.
The symbols shown in the remainder of this document use the day color palette. : (msi.nga.mil/)

b. Observing Effect on Information Layers and Status Indications when Chart Data is Loaded and Chart
Area

- Determine native scale of chart data as it is loaded

- Observe function of SCAMIN on and off when acquired chart area is underscaled (zoomed too far out)

- Observe indication of scale value - Layers additional to ENC must not be excessive so as to obscure the standard
display is Under scaled(webcache.googleusercontent.com)

c. Difference between Information layers, User’s chart layers and event graphic
Information Layers - Determine native scale of chart data as it is loaded

User’s Chart Layer - The addition and removal of own chart entries such as manual corrections and voyage planning
notes EX-2 Simulator exercise-open sea. (webcache.googleusercontent.com)

Event Graphic - Information categories required and their relative priority from highest to lowest are listed below:

• ECDIS warnings and messages

• Hydrographic office data

• Notice to Mariners information

• Hydrographic office cautions

• Hydrographic office color-fill area data

• Hydrographic office on demand data

• Radar information

• User’s data

• Manufacturer’s data

• User’s color-fill area data

• Manufacturer’s color-fill area data

2.7 System and Position Alarm

a. Identifying and Responding to Alarms for Primary and Secondary Positioning Systems

Identify and respond to alarms for primary and secondary positioning systems, such us:

-Primary (secondary) failure

- Primary (secondary) diff. mode loss

- Prim/sec. pos. diverge (webcache.googleusercontent.com)

b. Identifying and Responding to ECDIS Alarms from Autopilot in Track Control

Identify and respond to chart related alarms, such us:

Off chart - No official data

Datum unknown – AG (anti-grounding) monitoring off (webcache.googleusercontent.com)

2.8 Depth and Contour Alarms

a. Describing Router Monitoring Alarms

Route monitoring alarms, such as:

- Crossing a safety contour

- Prohibited or other area

- Track error allowance (XTE)

- Waypoint arrival circle

- Safety contour changed (webcache.googleusercontent.com)

Check: Ensure that Route Alarms are configured correctly.

Action: Check that the following Alarms are configured appropriately:

- End of Route Alarm Off

- Out of XTD Alarm On

- Out of Schedule Alarm (configure as necessary)

- WPT Approach Alarm On (set appropriate value)

- Off Leg Course Alarm On (configure as necessary) (witherbypublishinggroup.com) b. Identifying Depth-related

Information

- Safe water depth - Depth sounder related alarms

- Depth from sounder - Depth value of safety contour (webcache.googleusercontent.com)

2.9 Coastal Waters (Chart Display Setting)

a. Demonstration of the Correct Coastal Water Chart Display

NAV 6 Midterm Quiz Mrooms

What is the significant manifestation to a chart related alarm?

The correct answer is: The anti – grounding monitoring is off

What aspect of ECDIS does have its unit of measurement use in calculation of related information?

The correct answer is: Information layers

How do you identify and respond to a chart related alarm?

The correct answer is: When the chart data is unknown

What would be the repercussion in using an under – scale chart in coastal navigation? The

correct answer is: The display may cause inevitably some information to be hidden

When does the depth and contours or route monitoring alarm will sounds?

The correct answer is: In waypoint arrival circle

What ECDIS alarm will sound as the vessel accumulates her track error

allowance? The correct answer is: Route monitoring alarm

What type of chart is suitable to be use in passing twelve miles west of

Philippines? The correct answer is: Coastal chart

Using an over – scaled chart in coastal navigation will attest and signify.

The correct answer is: The display is too close

In verifying the ship’s position especially when ECDIS is connected to autopilot steering is
related to.
The correct answer is: Vessel’s maneuvering characteristic

It is a measurement process calculating ECDIS information having the unit in meters

and decimeters.

The correct answer is: Depth

What is the most significant ECDIS information for any ships caught in emergency situation at

sea? The correct answer is: Position

Which is the first prioritized information required as categorized from highest to lowest?

The correct answer is: ECDIS warning and messages

The “safe water pass“ is most related to.

The correct answer is: Depth related information

How does a “General chart “ directly affects when it is use in coastal navigation?

The correct answer is: It pose a clear danger as all the information is small and obscured

When does any alarm signal becomes an apparent threat to navigation?

The correct answer is: When any of the alarm system is not working

A coastal chart is well defined as.

The correct answer is: Large scale chart

The determination of “alert for wheel“ prior arrival at waypoint is related to.

The correct answer is: Vessel’s maneuvering characteristic

What is the correct chart scaling in coastal navigation?

The correct answer is: Adequately scaled

It refers in identifying and responding to an immediate primary and secondary warning signal.

The correct answer is: System and position alarms

What indication does using an under – scaled chart in coastal navigation will result?

The correct answer is: It indicates that larger scale data is available for the area in question

SEAMANSHIP 3 MIDTERM EXAM REVIEWER

QUIZ COMPILATION

Which of the following shall you use to sweeten up the bilges or bilge tanks to remove bad odors
after washing down them with freshwater?

Chloride of lime

What is provided in the aft of hold on some modern ships that do not have bilge well?

Drain well
Which of the following are designed on some general cargo ships for the carriage of small amount of
liquid cargo in bulk such as vegetable oil, coconut oil and other delicate liquid cargoes?

Deep tanks

Which of the following are the short pieces of planking that form part of a vessel’s lining and capable to
be removed to gain access to the bilge well?

Limber boards

Which of the following refers to a fore and aft water drainage of a general cargo vessel wherein the first
layer of floor dunnage must be laid lengthwise to prevent cargo from making contact with the tank top?

Bilge well

Which of the following permanent dunnages are fitted in the ship’s cargo hold to prevent sweat on the
ship’s framing plates from coming in contact with the cargoes?

Sweat boards

What gas may be introduced to the cargo compartment to eliminate odors by oxidizing the
offending molecules?

Ozone

Which of the following is not a purpose of laying dunnages against the sides and bottom of the hold of a
vessel?

It does not distribute the mass of the cargo

What dunnage is laid to prevent the consequences of leakage, sweat formation, bad weather, vertical
shipping loads etc., which could damage a particular cargo?

Top dunnage
Which of the following is normally fitted to a bilge suction line to prevent cargo residues to enter?

Perforated strum box fitting

The cargo which gives off fumes and may contaminate other adjacent cargoes in the hold is known as:

Odorous cargo

How would you explain the term “Wet Cargo”?

Liquids in containers

Which can be prevented only by segregating two lots of cargo into separate holds?

Contamination of food cargo by an odorous cargo

Which of the following does not leave any residues after discharging?

Clean cargo

The cargo that is highly susceptible to damage by tainting from odorous cargoes is:

Delicate cargoes

It refers to the use of materials to separate blocks of cargo by port and/or consignee whose purpose is to
prevent mixture of cargoes of the same kind but for different consignees with different shipping marks
and for different ports of destination.

Separation

These are the geometrical designs placed on cargo in various colors so that the next port of destination can
be noted without reading carefully all the printings upon the case.

Port marks
Keeping certain cargoes separated because of their inherent characteristics is known as:

Segregation

Which of the following results when a cargo for certain port is not discharged and will be carried up to
the next port?

Over carriage

Which of the following is a characteristic of a “Special Cargo”?

It is of high value and easily pilferable

What results if the warm moist air within the cargo spaces condenses as the ship becomes colder
moving from a hot to a cold climate?

Ship’s sweat

Which of the following is a criterion in the occurrence of ship’s sweat in the cargo holds?

The dew point in the cargo hold must exceed the temperature of the ship’s structure.

Which of the following may form on exposed surfaces of the stow as a consequence of large amounts
of warm, moist air being persistently introduced into a hold containing substantially colder cargo?

Cargo sweat

Your ship has loaded a grain cargo in bulk- a hygroscopic cargo. The voyage is from cold to warm
regions. Which of the following actions is needed to prevent cargo damage and claims?

The cargo holds should not be ventilated

Air is said to be saturated if it can no longer absorb any moisture. If it is then cooled it will start to
cause condensation or sweat. The temperature at which it occurs is called:

Dew point

The process in which the moisture or water vapor or the humidity is removed from the air keeping its
dry bulb (DB) temperature constant is called:

Dehumidification

Your ship has loaded a cargo of coffee beans in bulk- a hygroscopic cargo. The voyage is from Indonesia
to Northern China expecting winter upon arrival. Which of the following is to be taken consideration?

The occurrence of ship’s sweating

It is the actual amount of water vapor in the air compared with the saturation amount of water vapor in the
air at the same temperature and pressure.

Relative humidity

According to the Dewpoint Rule, in what condition of the cargo spaces shall you provide ventilation?

If the dewpoint of the air inside the hold is higher than the dewpoint of the air outside the hold.

How would you take action if the outside dew point temperature is lower or equal to that within the
cargo hold?

Ventilate the cargo holds

These are cargoes like meat, fish prawns and poultry products generally carried at temperatures very
much lower than 0 °C.

Frozen Cargo

What freezing temperature is maintained for green bananas cargo?

30 °F

Which of the following type of cargoes does not need pre-cooling before loading?

Banana

Which of the following is required for reefer space in order that when the cargo is loaded, the
correct carrying temperature of the cargo will no longer change?

Pre-cooling

When fruits are carried as a reefer cargo, the most frequent cause of being infected at the discharge port is:

Improper cleaning of the cargo spaces

The fresh fruits, vegetables, and dairy products are chilled at the correct temperatures ranging from:

0-12 deg. Celsius

How would you take action if you load fruit in reefer spaces and notice that the fruit is starting to mold?

Write up exceptions on the cargo

These are cargoes whose freshness are preserved by the refrigerated compartments and be delivered to
the consignee without damage at the port of destination after an ocean voyage of several days.

Perishable cargo

How would you maintain the temperature of frozen cargoes?

12 deg. F to 20 deg. F
What is the basic principle to be followed when stowing refrigerated cargo?

Provide suitable air channels for the cool air to circulate throughout the stowed cargo block

What is the fitting mounted at the lower end of the derrick which allows the derrick or boom to be moved
or pivoted transversely?

Gooseneck

The most common system used in general cargo vessels where two derricks are coupled or joined by a
union hook is called:

Union purchase

Which of the following is not an advantage of a deck crane over a convention derrick or cargo booms?

One-man operation

A band or collar on the top end of a boom to which the topping lift, midship guy, and outboard guys
are secured is called:

Spider band

What is the additional wire rope attached to the head of each boom and led to the deck beside the
regular outboard guy?

Preventer guy

How do you understand the order “Spot the Boom”?

Place it in a desired position

The wire ropes used for topping lifts, cargo runners, guys and preventers showing damage such as badly
flattened or with heavy kinks are cut and should be replaced. How would you act when blocks are found
to be rusty blocks?
They should be overhauled

How would a derrick be secured for sea?

Lower it to its cradle on deck with clamps to prevent it from being dislodged

Which of the following supports the lifted cargo, leads through the lizard and up to the boom through
the derrick head block?

Cargo fall/runner

This is used for lifting a number of small articles such as drums of paint or oil, cases containing bottles
or cans and other packages that can be lifted conveniently by one man.

Wooden cargo tray

Which of the following is the action of the Cargo Officer when wire ropes such as cargo runners are found
to have damage?

Replace immediately

Who issues the Gear Certification covering the proof loads and the angle at which each boom is tested
and the standard of upkeeping chain, wire slings, and other loose gears used for cargo operations?

Classification Society Surveyor

What factor is used to establish the safe working value?

1/6 of the Breaking Strain

Persons should not go down or up the hold using the______ in way of the square of the hatch while work is
in progress.

Ladder
Which of the following is a good practice before arrival in a port whether for loading or discharging cargo
to find if all surveys of cargo gears are in order?

Review the Ship's Register of Cargo Gears ladder

Which of the following is not included in the visual inspections of cargo officer before the;

Stenciled SWL

How mechanical hatch covers should be secured when in open position to prevent them from
accidental movement?

By the locking devices

When there is no cargo operation, the hatches if left open should be provided with adequate fencing
around with a minimum height of

1 meter

Effective means of closed communication should be established between the ship's deck officers and the
cargo terminal throughout the cargo operation. Which of the following is not included in the
communication link between the two?

The damage incurred to the terminal from the cargo

operations

Who should submit the proposed loading/unloading plan to the cargo terminal representative to
allow sufficient time for any modifications and enable the terminal to prepare accordingly?

Responsible Cargo Officer

NAV6
 MIDTERM QUIZ COMPILATION

Quiz 1

1. What aspect of ECDIS does have its unit of measurement used in calculation of related information? a.

Chart scaling

b. Chart setting

c. Chart selection

d. Information layers

2. It is a measurement process calculating ECDIS information having the unit in meters and decimeters. a.

Speed

b. Depth

c. Height

d. Distance

3.What is the most significant ECDIS information for any ships caught in emergency situation at sea?

a. Speed

b. Position

c. Distance from any landmark

d. Compass bearing from any geographical point

4.Which is the first prioritized information required as categorized from highest to

lowest? a. RADAR information

b. ECDIS warning and messages

c. Notices to Mariners information

d. Hydrographic office cautionary note

5.It refers in identifying and responding to an immediate primary and secondary warning

signal. a. Route planning

b. Information layers

c. Chart display setting

d. System and position alarms

6.How do you identify and respond to a chart related alarm?

a. When the chart data is known

b. When the chart data is unknown

c. When chart information is available

d. When the chart has an official information

7.What is the significant manifestation to a chart related alarm?

a. Waypoint arrival circle

b. Crossing a safety contour

c. Passing a prohibited area

d. The anti – grounding monitoring is off

8.When does the depth and contours or route monitoring alarm will sound?

a. Over speeding

b. Exceeds the RPM limit

c. In waypoint arrival circle

d. Changeover the steering mode

9.The “safe water pass “is most related to.

a. Ship’s draft information

b. Echo sounder information

c. Route related information

d. Depth related information

10.What ECDIS alarm will sound as the vessel accumulates her track error

allowance? a. Guard zone alarm

b. Target’s position alarm

c. Own-ship position alarm

d. Route monitoring alarm

11.When does any alarm signal becomes an apparent threat to navigation?

a. During heavy weather condition

b. In five miles distance head on situation

c. When the target’s CPA registered at zero

d. When any of the alarm system is not working

12.What type of chart is suitable to be use in passing twelve miles west of Philippines?

a. Pilot chart

b. Harbor chart

c. Coastal chart

d. General chart

13.A coastal chart is well defining as.

a. Large scale chart

b. Small scale chart

c. Very large scale chart

d. Very small scale chart

14.How does a “General chart “directly affects when it is use in coastal navigation?

a. It poses a clear danger as all the information is small and obscured

b. It triggers a hazard to navigation as it is a non – compliant chart in collision regulation

c. It poses an apparent threat to navigation because of the satellite derive position error affected d. It

directly affects coastal navigation due to the difference of measurement of scaled coordinates

15.What is the correct chart scaling in coastal navigation?

a. Over-scaled

b. Under-scaled

c. Minimum scaled

d. Adequately scaled

16.Using an over – scaled chart in coastal navigation will attest and signify.

a. The display is too far

b. The display is too close

c. The display is too small

d. It is most beyond the standard accuracy of data

17.What indication does using an under – scaled chart in coastal navigation will

result? a. It signifies that larger scale data is not available b. It results to that small-

scale data is not available

c. It implies that small scale date is available for the area in question

d. It indicates that larger scale data is available for the area in question
18.What would be the repercussion in using an under – scale chart in coastal

navigation? a. All chart information is correct and validated b. The display Is definitely

complete and accurate

c. Conduct of navigation is safe as all information is suitable

d. The display may cause inevitably some information to be hidden

19.In verifying the ship’s position especially when ECDIS is connected to autopilot steering is related

to. a. Vessel’s Turning Circle

b. Rudder angle indicator limit

c. Ship’s positioning alarm system

d. Vessel’s maneuvering characteristic

20.The determination of “alert for wheel “prior arrival at waypoint is related to.

a. Ship’s rudder angle capacity

b. Ship’s steering power capacity

c. The vessel Turning Circle capability

d. Vessel’s maneuvering characteristic

Quiz 2

1. Which of the following is not included on the action of configuring parameters appropriately to ensure that
the display is configured for route monitoring?

a. Radius

on b. Ship by contour or symbol c. Departure circle off d. XTD on

2. What is the purpose of retrieving a stored plan?

a. For use in route review

b. For planning and review

c. For review and monitoring

d. For use in route planning

3. Which of the following is not included in checking if ECDIS is configured correctly to ensure that the
correct waypoint information is being displayed?

a. Track history is on

b. Radius is auto

c. Arrival circle is manual

d. Secondary track is on

4. Which of the following Category Zone of confidence indicates 6 asterisks inside the inverted triangle?
a. Zoc A1

b. Zoc B

c. Zoc C

d. Zoc A2

5. Which of the following is excluded in modifying the setting XTE in previously saved route?

a. Check the route for crossing danger of navigation according to setting of XTE zones

b. Examine results graphically on appropriate scale chart data

c. Observe the alarm triggering while proceeding along the modified route

d. Re-check the route for crossing danger of navigation according to setting of XTE zones

6. Which of the following Category Zone of confidence indicates 5 asterisks inside the inverted triangle?

a. Zoc C

b. Zoc B

c. Zoc A2

d. Zoc A1

7. Where is the assessing of a route plan based?

a. Alarm setting check

b. Setting track distance

c. Safety check

d. Contour setting check

8. Which of the following is not included on reviewing the alarm setting used as a vessel proceeding along a
monitored route?

a. Deviation of the current course angle as set-in planned route

b. XTE does not exceed the value set in the route data table

c. Guard vector for crossing safety contour

d. Guard vector for entering special purpose areas

9. Which of the following Category Zone of confidence indicates 4 asterisks inside the inverted triangle?

a. Zoc A1

b. Zoc C

c. Zoc A2

d. Zoc B

10. Which of the sensor alarms will be triggered when an alarm message “Lost GPS1 switch to GPS2” is
displayed in the alarm box?

a. Heading monitoring alarm

b. Position Monitoring alarm

c. GPS alarms

d. Heading alarms

11. How is the checking of the plan done?

a. Checking a previously created and saved route for crossing dangers of navigation
according to the setting- track distance

b. Examining results graphically on appropriate scale chart data

c. Discussing various hydro-meteorological data that could be available in the ECDIS data base
 d. Assessing a route plan based on alarm check

12. How is the route scheduling done?

a. Observing calculations of progress along the planned route

b. Creating, saving and moving an anchor circle guard zone on user chart

c. Reviewing the ECDIS function for creating mariner’s notes

d. Determining policy regarding user’s chart

13. Which of the following is excluded in using the chart and route planning?

a. Determine policy regarding user’s chart

b. Review the ECDIS function for creating mariner’s notes

c. Observing calculations of progress along the planned route

d. Create, save and move an anchor circle guard zone on user chart

14. What is the source of often-introduced biases in manual application of survey data of varying scales to
the fixed chart?

a. Display

b. Error

c. Danger

d. Swing circle

15. Which of the following Category Zone of confidence indicates that the area is unassessed?

a. Zoc C
 b. Zoc B

c. Zoc A1

d. Zoc U

16. Which of the following is the checking plan that is used for safety?

a. Check the for-crossing danger of navigation

b. Observe the alarm triggering while proceeding along the modified route leg

c. Assessing a route plan based on safety check

d. Examine results graphically on appropriate scale chart data

17. What is the purpose of a stored plan to be retrieved?

a. For use in route review

b. For use in route monitoring

c. For review and monitoring

d. For use in route planning

18. Which of the following is not included on route planning by chart?

a. Obtaining relevant route plan

b. Observing the alarm triggering while proceeding along the modified route

c. Obtaining Track courses and distance from the chart

d. Sea areas selection and the required waters for planning the whole passage

19. Which of the following is excluded in reviewing the alarm setting used as a vessel proceeding along a
monitored route?
 a. Deviation of the rudder course angle as set-in planned route

b. XTE exceeds the value set in planned route

c. Guard vector for crossing safety contour

d. Guard vector for entering special purpose areas

20. Which of the following is excluded in modifying the setting XTE in previous route?

a. Examining results graphically on appropriate scale chart data

b. Observing the guard ring for crossing an isolated danger

c. Observing the alarm triggering while proceeding along the modified route leg

d. Re-checking the route from crossing danger of navigation according to the setting of XTE zones

21. How would you identify an area on the chart to be cross hatched and annotated as “NO GO AREA”?

a. When chart depth contour is equal to or higher than the calculated ship’s safety depth”

b. When safety depth is higher than safety contour

c. When chart depth contour is equal to or lower than the calculated ship’s “safety depth”

d. When safety contour is higher than the safety depth

22. Which of the following results when a calculated Height of tide is subtracted from the sum of the ship’s
dynamic draft, ship’s squat, and company required extra draft?

a. Safety Height

b. Safety Draft

c. Safety Contour

d. Safety Depth
23. Which of the following “Safety Alarms” will be triggered when the value of the sea depth at the current
ship’s position is lower than the safety depth value entered in the Chart Setting, Technical Channel?

a. Danger Alarm in the Safety Zone

b. User-defined Anchor Alarm

c. Grounding Alarm

d. User-defined Alarm

24. What was the standard adopted by the IHO to protect the ENCs from any unauthorized or illegal
copying?

a. S-60: The IHO Code Data Protection

b. S-62: IHO Codes for product Agencies

c. S-63: The IHO Data Protection Scheme

d. S-61: IHO Product Specification for Raster Navigational Charts

25. When does any alarm signal become an apparent threat to navigation?

a. During heavy weather condition

b. During restricted visibility

c. In 12 miles head on situation

d. When any other alarm is not working

26. Which of the following is not included in the discussion of various hydro-meteorological data that could
be available in the ECDIS data base?
a. Current

b. Humidity

c. Weather

d. Tides

27. What is generally being controlled when verifying positioning especially when ECDIS is connected to
autopilot?

a. GPS position

b. Fixed position

c. D.R. position

d. Observed position

28. What will be the cause when ECDIS curve is provided were cautioned to be exercised as it may project a
momentary rate of turn, rather than sophisticated hydrodynamic calculations?

a. Unlimited accuracy

b. Full accuracy c. Clear accuracy

d. Limited accuracy

29. Which of the following is being centered in waypoints with circumference, which intersects the wheel
over point on the ECDIS route in determining methods of alert for wheel over when approaching?

a. Departure circle

b. Fixed circle

c. Point circle
 d. Arrival circle

30. What characteristic of own ship applies to curve track in ECDIS route planning in determining methods
of alert for wheel over when approaching waypoints?

a. Turn Circle maneuvering

b. Turn time maneuvering

c. Turn radius maneuvering

d. Turn distance maneuvering

Navigation 6 Quizzes

Midterm Quiz 1
1. Which of the following is not included on the chart palette display of ECDIS? Morning

2. What determines a native scale of chart as it is loaded? Information layers

3. What indicates the larger scale data, and the display may cause some information to be hidden? Under
scale

4. What will result unacceptable clutter due to data density, if it is off? Under scale with SCAMIN

5. What is the function on the electric chart that able the operator to change the scale? Zoom

6. What is a source of error that often-introduced biases? Manual application of survey data varying scales
to the

fixed chart
7. Which of the following is the required information category? Warnings and messages

8. Which of the following is one of the information layers? Position

9. What reveals similar discrepancies between the true shoreline and the charted shoreline? High accuracy
aerial photography

10. What do you call of a zoomed in display that is too close beyond the standard of accuracy to which the
data was digitized? Over scale

1. What is included in an anchor circle attribute trigger by the ECDIS Consistent Common
Reference Point (CCRP)?

- Danger

2. Where can you input waypoint alphanumeric in waypoint selection when constructing a route
plan?

- Route planning Table

3. Which of the following is the purpose of retrieving stored plan?

- For use in route monitoring

4. What do you call of the addition and removal of all chart’s entries such as manual corrections and
voyage Planning?

- User’s chart layers

5. Where does the assessing of route plan is being based?

- Safety check

6. Which is not included in Modifying the Setting XTE in Previously Saved Route?

- Guard vector for crossing safety contour

7. Which of the following parameters should appropriately Ensure that the display is configured for
Route Monitoring?

- Headline

8. What is being used in route monitoring, Planning and review?

- Retrieving stored plan

9. Which of the following is not included to be check in order to Ensure that the correct Waypoint
information is being displayed and are configured correctly?

- Secondary track off

10. What should be verified especially when ECDIS is connected to auto pilot?

- Position

11. What is being selected and the required waters for planning the whole passage on route
planning by chart?

- Sea areas

12. Which of the following is not included in reviewing the alarm settings used as a vessel
proceeding along a configured route?

- Examine results graphically on appropriate scale chart data

13. What should represent the maximum swing circle of the vessel on an anchor guard zone on the
chart?

- Diameter

14. What should be positioned on the vessel’s hawse pipe at the moment the anchor is let go?

- Use chart anchor circle

15. What is being applied in ECDIS routing planning in turning manoeuvring characteristics of own
ship?

- Curved track

16. What generally controlled when verifying position especially when ECDIS is connected to auto
pilot?

- Observe position

17. Where does the checking of previously created and saved route for crossing dangers of
navigation based?

- Setting-track distance

18. Which of the following is not included in way point selection?

- Arrival Circle
19. Which of the following will be configured correctly to ensure that the correct waypoint
information is being displayed?

- Track history on

20. Which of the following is not included in the configuration parameters appropriately in route
planning by table?

- Track history

Q10

1. What is the purpose of retrieving a stored plan? -For planning and review

2. Which of the following is excluded on reviewing the alarm setting used as a vessel proceeding along a
monitored route?

- Deviation of the current course angle as set in planned route

3. Which of the following is excluded in modifying the setting XTE in previous route? - a. Observing the

guard ring for crossing an isolated danger

4. What will be the cause when ECDIS curved is provided were cautioned to be exercised as it may project
a momentary rate of turn, rather than sophisticated hydrodynamic calculations?

-c. Limited accuracy

5. What is the source that often-introduced biases in manual application of survey data of varying scales to
the fixed chart?

- Error

6. Which of the following is not included in checking if ECDIS is configured correctly to ensure that the
correct waypoint information is being displayed?

-b. Arrival circle is manual

7. Which of the following is not included on the action of configuring parameters appropriately to ensure
that the display is that the display is configured for route monitoring?

-Departure circle off

8. Which of the following is excluded in using the chart and route planning?
- Observing calculations of progress along the planned route 9. Which of the following is the checking plan

for safety?

- Assessing a route plan based on safety check

10. What characteristics of own ship applied to curved track in ECDIS route planning in determining
methods of alert for wheel over when approaching waypoints?

-Turn radius manoeuvring

11. Which of the following is not included on the action of configuring parameters appropriately to ensure
that the display is that the display is configured for route monitoring?

-c. Departure circle off

12. Which of the following is not included in the discussion of various hydro-meteorological data that could
be available in the ECDIS data base?

- Humidity

13. How does the route scheduling is being done?

- Observing calculations of progress along the planned route

14. What is being centered on waypoints with circumference intersecting wheel over point on ECDIS route
in determining methods of alert for wheel over when approaching?

-Arrival circle

15. What is the purpose of stored plan to be retrieved? -For use in route monitoring

16. Which of the following is not included on route planning by chart?

- Observing the alarm triggering while proceeding along the modified route

17. What is generally being controlled when verifying positioning especially when ECDIS is connected to
autopilot?

- Observe position

18. How does the checking of plan is being done?

- Checking a previously created and saved route for crossing dangers of navigation according to the
setting-track distance
19. Which of the following is excluded in modifying the setting XTE in previously saved route? - Check the

route for crossing danger of navigation according to setting of XTE zones

20. Which of the following is not included on reviewing the alarm setting used as a vessel proceeding along a
monitored route?

- XTE exceeds the value set in planned route

FINALS NGA QUIZZES

Navigation 6 Quizzes

Quiz 1 Final

1. What do you call of an electronic charts are purchased through a license system and are used to control
the permission to use a chart, they prevent unofficial copying and distribution? Permit

2. What back up equipment on ECDIS that able to keep record of the ship’s actual track, including
positions and corresponding times? VDR

3. What should be should be provided and enabled on ECDIS function to avoid ECDIS failure to
develop into a critical situation? Safe take-over

4. What should be included to take over ECDIS functions so that ECDIS failure does not develop
into critical situation, and a means of safe navigation for the remaining part of the voyage in case of
complete failure? Provisions
5. What should ECDIS must be able to record for the entire voyage with time marks at least once
every four hours? Complete track

6. What should be up-to-date for the entire voyage displayed by the ECDIS back-up arrangements?
Display

7. What can you find on the BA layer of the chart setting on ECDIS? Admiralty information overlay

8. Which of the following is not included on the category of ENC? Ocean

9. Which of the following is not included to be met, if radar and other navigational information are
added to an electronic back-up display? Check list

10. How many formats available in the ENC permit? 2

11. Where can you adjust the deep, safety and shallow contours on ECDIS? BA layers

12. What is the best reason why Electronic Chart Data is maintained with up to date corrections? It
will not cause confusion to the navigator

13. What back up arrangements should be provided to ensure safe navigation in case of an ECDIS
failure? Adequate

14. Who is responsible of issuing on or behalf the ENC to the ships? IHO

15. What should be provided by the back-up arrangements operations under prevailing
environmental and normal operating conditions? Reliability

16. How often does the charts on ECDIS need to be updated and corrected? Regular basis

17. How many hours should ECDIS be capable of preserving the record voyage data? 12

18. What should be taken into account when selecting electronic charts on ECDIS? Weather
condition

19. What is being emphasized as the primary means of navigation when the ship is fitted with
ECDIS? Paper charts

Quiz 2 Finals

1. What will happen to the overall performance of AIS when many targets are displayed? Decrease

2. What is a system displayed on the screen the latest position information of all vessels within its
range? AIS
3. What is the best means of verifying cartographic data and the output of navigation sensors? Radar
overlay

4. Where can chart catalogue be viewed? Chart menu

5. Which of the following is not included in providing an automatic reporting device (transponder)
to control and monitor the maritime environment of a ship? AIS

6. What is the color of the catalogue that indicates the names of all required charts? Green

7. What is being used in choosing available targets from the list of AIS shown in the selection box?
MMSI no.

8. Which of the following is the easiest method to check if charts are up-to-date? View catalogue

9. What do you call the application, that reads data from the serial RS-232 interface to which the
AIS transponder is connected? Data flow

10. What is being used in exporting and analyzing route from the ECDIS which is a weather
monitoring software map? MetManager

11. Where should the graphical coverage of all the charts loaded in the hard disc can be viewed?
Chart catalogue

12. What range is a radius (in nautical miles) defining a circle around the ship. All AIS targets
within this range will be marked as dangerous? Guard range

13. What includes “digital NMEA integration” and radar processors? Radar-ECDIS integration

14. What will happen to the CPA display including tracking and target display in certain time after
both ships have passed each other? Turn off automatically

15. What will happen to the AIS target, if signal is not updated within the set amount of seconds
from the chart display? Erased

16. What is being applied to all AIS targets on the chart display with a default value of 360 seconds?
Time out

17. Which of the following can be used to display charts for which permits are available? View filter

18. What should the officer in charge, must note on the permit controls, the loading of Base charts
and their updates to the ECDIS? Date of expiry

19. What can be used to verify the entire navigational system? Radar overlay

20. What is being used for CPA calculation in AIS tracking? Target information
Quiz 3 Finals

1. Which of the following is not included on the contents of updated CD? Cumulative ENC

2. What is the color of the charts which are not up-to-date? Orange

3. How often dos the updated ENC CD/DVD is being issued? Weekly

4. What notice numbers are to be recorded in Chart Correction Record? Temporary (T) &
Preliminary (P)

5. How many methods currently is being done in correcting electronic charts? 2

6. What vessel should thoroughly familiarize/reading the instruction manual for correction of Charts
and Nautical Publications? Using Digitrace

7. Who is responsible for keeping and maintaining the latest edition charts? Master

8. How often does the ENC CD/DVD are updated? Weekly

9. Who should immediately correct the present voyage charts & publications upon the receipt of the
corrections? Responsible officer

10. Which of the following should not be done if only current editions of Charts and Publications
are to be used? Remove from the chart room

What is being used for CPA calculation in AIS tracking?

-Target information

What will happen to the CPA Display including tracking and target display in
certain time after both ships have passed each other?
-turn off automatically

What is the color of the catalogue that indicates the name of all required charts
on ECDIS?
-Green
What is the color of the charts which are not up to date on ECDIS?

-Orange

How should the ENC CD/DVD be updated?

-Weekly

Which of the following should not be done if only current editions of Charts
and Publications are to be used?
-Place on the bridge storeroom

What should be thoroughly familiarized in every vessel reading the

instruction manual for correction of Charts and Nautical Publications?
-Using Digitrace

What notice numbers are to be recorded in Chart Correction

Record? -Temporary (T) & Preliminary (P)

What shall be written in Pencil on all charts to be used for the current voyage?

-Applicable Temporary (T) & Preliminary (P) corrections

What conformity standards should the chart information to be used in the backup
arrangement be the latest edition as corrected by official updates of that issued by or
on the authority of a Government authorized Hydrographic Office or other
relevant government?
-IHO

What range with a radius in nautical miles defines a circle around the ship where
all AIS targets within this range will be marked as dangerous?
-Guard range

What will happen to the AIS target if signal is not updated within the set number
of seconds from the chart display?
-Erased

What is being applied to all the AIS targets on the chart display with a default
value of 360 seconds?
-Time out

What will happen to the overall performance of the AIS when many targets
are displayed?
-Decrease

What is being used in choosing available targets from the list of AIS shown in
the selection box?
-MMSI no.
How often are the updated ENC CD/DVD being issued?

-Weekly

Which of the following is not included on the contents of updated

CD? -Cumulative ENC

Who is responsible of keeping and maintaining the latest edition

charts? -Master

How many methods are currently being done in correcting electronic charts?

Who should immediately correct the present voyage chart and publications
upon receipt of the corrections?
-Responsible officer

How many colors are there in the Vector Chart Display window in the
ECDIS display?
-four
How many choices are there in the depth selection found in the units display
window in the ECDIS?
-three

Are CATZOC symbols visible on the ENC?

-available when checked in the view menu bar

How many choices are there in the Speed selection found in the units display window
in the ECDIS?
-four

Which of the following is the meaning of NMEA?

-National Marine Electronics Association

Which of the following is the meaning of AIS?

-Automatic Identification System

Which of the following is the meaning of SENC?

-System Electronic Navigation Chart

Which of the following function in the ECDIS when creating a route should you
click if you want to continue your desired route?
-append waypoint

How many color schemes are used in the ECDIS display configuration?

-three

How many choices are there in the distance selection found in the units display
window in the ECDIS?
-four

What can be used to verify the entire navigational system?

-Radar overlay

What includes digital NMEA integration and radar processors?

-Radar-ECDIS integration

Which of the following is not included in providing an automatic reporting

device (transponder) to control and monitor the maritime environment of a ship?
-AIS

What is a system displayed on the screen which shows the latest position information
of all vessels within its range?
-AIS
What is called to the application that reads data from the serial RS-232 interface
to which the AIS transponder is connected?
-Data flow

How often are the new ENC based CD/DVD being issued?

6 to 8 weeks

What is the best reason why Electronic Chart Data is maintained with up-to-
date corrections?
-it will not cause confusion to the navigator

How many formats are available in the ENC permit?

What is being used in exporting and analyzing route from ECDIS which is a
weather monitoring software map?
-Met Manager

What should the officer in charge take note on the permit controls the loading of
Base charts and their updates to the ECDIS?
-Date of expiry

What factor should back-up arrangements be provided to ensure safe navigation

in case of an ECDIS failure?
-Adequate

What should be provided and enabled on ECDIS function to avoid ECDIS failure to
develop into a critical situation?
-Safe take over

What should ECDIS be capable to record for the entire voyage with time marks
at least once every four hours?
-Complete track

How many hours should ECDIS be capable of preserving the record of the voyage?

12

What should be included to take over ECDIS functions so that an ECDIS failure
does not develop into a critical situation and a means of safe navigation for the
remaining part of the voyage in case of complete failure?
-Provisions

What is being emphasized as the primary means of navigation even when the ship
is fitted with ECDIS?
-Paper chart

What should be kept up to date for the entire voyage that is displayed by the
ECDIS backup arrangement?
-Display

Which of the following should be met that is not included if radar and other
navigational information are added to an electronic back-up display?
-Check list

What backup equipment on the ECDIS is able to keep a record of the ships actual
track including positions and corresponding times?
-VDR

What factor should be provided by the backup arrangement operation

under prevailing environmental and normal operating conditions?
-Reliable

What is called to an electronic chart that are purchased through a license system and
is used to control the permission to use a chart? These prevent unofficial copying
and distribution.
-permit

What organization is responsible for issuing on behalf of the ENC to the

ships? -IHO

Which of the following is not included in the category of ENC?

-Ocean

What should be taken into account in selecting electronic charts on ECDIS?

-Weather condition

How often should the charts on ECDIS need to be updated and

corrected? -Regular basis

Where is a graphical coverage of all the charts loaded in the hard disc be

viewed? -Chart catalogue

Where can the chart catalogue be viewed?

-chart menu

Which of the following can be used to display charts for which permits are

available? -View Filter section

Which of the following is the easiest method to check if charts are up-to-

date? -View catalogue

What is the best means of verifying cartographic data and the output of
navigation sensors?
-Radar overlay

It is the exact time of ECDIS system capability of keeping the previous

navigational record.
-Twelve hours

What should be the necessary system as back up of an ECDIS that is capable of

displaying at least the information which is equivalent to the standard display in
the performance standard rating?
-Electronic back up source

When does the ENC update CD/DVD that is primarily intended for chart correction
is scheduled for its delivery on board ship?
-Every week

How many miles is the AIS default distance limit in using the guard range

function? -One nautical miles

Which system works on ECDIS that has become feasible in providing an automatic
reporting that is use to monitor and control maritime environment of a ship?
-The AIS system

What is the information in the main menu on the chart co passage manager to get
and have all the details needed for the intended voyage from Singapore to Mumbai?
-Route and passages

What is the process employed in verifying cartographic data and knowing

navigation sensors?
-Overlaying the radar image on electronic chart

It allows the analog digital transformation of the video signal into ECDIS

-Radar-ECDIS integration

How can the ordering and updating procedure of an ENC becomes much easier
and faster?
-Activation of chart cell right after purchasing a license

Which information is not included in the Notices to Mariners?

-Geographic information

An organization in-charge of the issuance of ENC by or on behalf of

National Hydrographic Authority complying with its specification.
-International Hydrographic Organization

Which reason is the advantage of having a license in the procurement of an

electronic chart?
-Prevention of unofficial copying and distribution of the product
What is the status of all the information displayed on ECDIS chart in

navigation? -Chart information should be updated for the entire voyage

How can you confirm that a chart is safe to use in navigation?

-when the chart has the latest chart correction

Ships actual track position time and all navigation information when underway
is officially log on.
-Voyage recording

Which chart information is use as the back-up arrangement of chart

correction? -has the latest edition as corrected by official updates

What is the primary purpose of a license system called permits in purchasing

an electronic chart?
-to control the permission granted in using a chart

How many hours is the logging of all ships track information during the entire
voyage on ECDIS?
-once every one hour
How does an ENC should be corrected and updated?

-At regular basis

In ordering an electronic chart cell permit includes three steps except.

-ordering a chart is directly made through ship’s agent

NAV 6_DAY 1 – PRELIM

Quiz 1 navigation 6 (Atanacio)

1. when does the ECDIS being used on board the ships of more than 3000 GT & passenger ship
more than 500 GT.?
Answer: June 1, 2012
2. It is also called vector map in which all data is stored as individual elements.
Answer: ENC
3. It is a system that conforms the regulation of the IMO.
Answer: ECDIS
4. What is s grid map made scanning the original paper chart and is an exact copy of the card?
Answer. RNC
5. who authorizes and set up maps based on the standards s52 and s57?
Answer: IHO
6. it is mainly used by government naval vessels that adheres to the norms set up by the IHO.
Answer: Vector ECDIS
7. what is available from official hydrographic institutions?
Answer: ENC data
8. what does ECDIS acronyms stands for?
Answer: Electronic chart display and information system.
9. Which of the following that is not included on the advantage of RNC?
Answer: It is a direct copy of paper map and decrease reliability.
10. it is a traditional variant ECDIS which navigational charts are charted out into ECS format.
Answer: Raster

NAV 6 QUIZ 2
1. What is the requirement for the personnel who is operating the ECDIS based on STCW manila
amendments? Training
2. What the IMO model course for the taking ECDIS? IMO 1.27
3. What should be strongly recommended if you found out a non-typed approved ECDIS is discovered
fitted on board vessel? Decommissioned
4. Who required that the primary source of navigation, paper chart or ECDIS should be kept updated at
all times Chapter V/27? SOLAS
5. Who regulates which permits an ECDIS to be carried as part of the onboard navigational system,
provided it meet the chart carriage requirements as detailed in regulation? SOLAS
6. Which of the following equipment, does not interface on the ECDIS? Magnetic compass
7. Who regulates the use of ECDIS as an alternative to paper nautical charts? IMO
8. What device used in marine navigation that integrates SPS data with an ENC? Chart plotter
9. What ECIDS should have as paper charts published by government authorized hydrographic office?
Reliability & availability
10. What system is used by receivers to determine their location anywhere on earth? GPS

Elements of ECDIS

Major elements of ECDIS

Computer
Display
Software
IMO compliant navigational chart
Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) is a computer system that conforms
to the regulations of the International Maritime Organization and makes it possible to view
electronic charts. It can be used in some cases as a substitute for paper charts on board merchant
ships. From June 1, 2012 ECDIS is phased in for all vessels larger than 3000 GT and passenger
ships larger than 500 GT which stipulated in the SOLAS Convention.
ECDIS is a complex, safety-relevant, software based system with multiple options for display and
integration. The ongoing safe and effective use of ECDIS involves many stakeholders including
seafarers, equipment manufacturers, chart producers, hardware and software maintenance providers,
shipowners and operators, and training providers. It is important that all these stakeholders have a
clear and common understanding of their roles and responsibilities in relation to ECDIS.

The ECDIS Guidance for Good Practice, referred to as "Guidance", draws together relevant
guidance from seven previous ECDIS circulars into a single, consolidated document. The guidance
is laid out in seven sections, namely:

Chart carriage requirement of SOLAS

Maintenance of ECDIS software
Operating anomalies identified within ECDIS
Differences between raster chart display system (RCDS) and ECDIS CDIS
training
Transitioning from paper chart to ECDIS navigation
Guidance on training and assessment in the operational use of ECDIS simulators

Understanding ECDIS

A. Are All Electronic Chart Navigation Systems Considered ECDIS?

Not all navigation systems that use electronic charts can be considered an ECDIS. A navigation system
needs more than just the ability to read digital charts to be considered an ECDIS. It needs to
incorporate other information into electronic navigational charts, or ENCs, like global navigation
satellite system , (GNSS) global positioning system data, or GPS data, fathometer data and radar data
in assisting navigators plotting courses and voyage routes. Other information and data can be used to
be layered into the usual digital navigation information as long as they all comply to standards and
regulations of the IMO. This means that only digital navigation systems that use IMO compliant data
are to be considered ECDIS.

B. Components of an ECDIS
The major elements that compose an ECDIS are the computer system (including all essential
hardware to make it work), a display, software and, of course, IMO compliant electronic navigation
charts. For an ECDIS to be considered an ECDIS, it needs to be installed according to the standards
and regulations set by the IMO. Installation includes the setup of the computer hardware, the
display and the application software.

C. Capabilities of an ECDIS
The functions of an ECDIS include planning, plotting and monitoring routes, displaying of electronic
navigation charts in different modes by accessing a database of IMO compliant digital charts,
warnings and alarms, customization of display colors and sizes, tracking of ships, recording and
playback of navigational events and logging of preset navigation targets. With this features and
functions,
the navigators of a ship can safely plot their course using several sources of approved data. Other
tools for monitoring course and planning of routes can be utilized but the ECDIS can function as
the main navigational tool in a ship.

d. Using and Maintaining an ECDIS

Using and maintenance of an ECDIS goes beyond just displaying electronic navigation charts. Its
display can be controlled in terms of brightness, color and size, so some training is required to use
and interpret the data presented on the ECDIS display. It needs to be regularly checked for optimal
performance. Constant monitoring of its temperature, vibration and any kind of electromagnetic
interference must be observed to make sure that is functioning properly. Calibration should be
administered every once in a while to make sure that it is providing the correct data to navigators in
a safe and accurate manner. Performance standards set by the IMO should be satisfied first before
an ECDIS is approved for official use in a marine navigation.

PURPOSE OF ECDIS

It should enable the mariner to execute in a convenient and timely manner all route planning, route
monitoring and positioning currently performed on paper charts. It should be capable of
continuously plotting the ship's position. Should have at least the same reliability and availability of
presentation as the paper chart published by government authorized hydrographic offices and
should provide appropriate alarms or indications with respect to the information displayed or
malfunction of the equipment should reduce the navigational workload compared to using the paper
chart.

VALUE TO NAVIGATION

Recognize factors that characterize and modify chart presentation

An Electronic Chart Display and Information System ("ECDIS") is a geographic information

system used for nautical navigation that complies with International Maritime Organization (IMO)
regulations as an alternative to paper nautical charts. IMO refers to similar systems not meeting the
regulations as electronic chart systems (ECSs).

An ECDIS system displays the information from electronic navigational charts (ENC) or Digital
Nautical Charts (DNC) and integrates position information from position, heading and speed
through water reference systems and optionally other navigational sensors. Other sensors which
could interface with an ECDIS are radar, Navtex, Automatic Identification System AIS), and depth
sounders.
CORRECT AND INCORRECT USE OF ECDIS

Use ECDIS within the prevailing navigation situation

Proficiency in the use of ECDIS includes assessing the integrity of the system and all data at all
times

With the advent of technology, the use of Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems
(ECDIS) is becoming increasingly popular. While the use of an ECDIS does have its advantages, it
can have a negative impact if not used correctly and this is known to be a causative factor in major
claims such as collisions and groundings. Due to the perceived cause of these incidents we would
like to draw our Members’ attention to Regulation 19 of chapter V of the Safety Of Life At Sea
(SOLAS) convention which permits an ECDIS to be carried as part of the on board navigational
system, provided it meets the chart carriage requirements as detailed in regulation. The ECDIS must
be type approved and in order to do so and it must meet the required performance standards
(MSC.1/Circ.1503, ECDIS – Guidance for good practice).

It is important to remember that personnel operating the ECDIS must have undergone appropriate
ECDIS training. It is understood that the ECDIS training and certification requirements, as per the
2010 Manila amendments to the STCW code will not be in force before 1st January 2017. The
amendments to the STCW Convention via circular STCW.7/Circ18 – 22 May 2012 include a
limitation on the STCW deck officer endorsement of the Certificate of Competency (COC). This
renders the COC invalid for service onboard ECDIS equipped vessels in the event no evidence is
available to demonstrate that a deck officer has undergone the required ECDIS training.

It is therefore advised in the interim, that Members should ensure navigating officers on board
their ships using ECDIS are trained to existing standards such as the IMO ECDIS model course
(1.27).

Notwithstanding the statutory training mentioned above, Members should ensure that navigating
officers are familiar with the specific ECDIS model available on board through a familiarization
program. As far as practicable, it is advantageous that the same make and model of ECDIS is
installed on all fleet vessels to assist this familiarization process. This would help to reduce the
incorrect use of the ECDIS such as not including the correct layers of the electronic chart and
helping to ensure that all the data available on the corresponding paper chart is displayed on the
ECDIS.

If paper charts are the primary means of navigation on board the vessel, then it is imperative that
all navigation, including, but not limited to, chart work, passage
planning and position fixing is carried out using the paper charts. The primary source of
navigation, whether paper charts or an ECDIS, should be kept updated at all times in accordance
with SOLAS Chapter V/27.

If a non-type approved ECDIS is discovered fitted on board a vessel, it is strongly recommended

that the ECDIS be decommissioned to stop unauthorized usage. The prohibited use of these
systems must further be emphasized by displaying prominent notices upon the equipment to show
it is not to be used for navigation. Such measures should also be included in the shipboard
navigation procedures.Further details on the requirements of ECDIS can be found on the IMO
website following the link: www.imo.org.

A Chartplotter is a device used in marine navigation that integrates GPS data with an electronic
navigational chart (ENC). The chartplotter displays the ENC along with the position, heading and
speed of the ship, and may display additional information from radar, automatic information
systems (AIS) or other sensors. As appropriate to particular marine applications, chartplotters may
also display data from other sensors, such as echolocators/sonar.

Many think that because they use electronic charts on their ship they have an ECDIS. Nothing
could be further from the truth. ECDIS stands for Electronic Charts Display and Information
System and ECS stands for Electronic Chart System.

Whilst the difference is subtle it is very important. The ECDIS specifications have been defined
by various organizations and approved by IMO. The very definition of ECDIS means that to meet
the carriage requirements users MUST use official Electronic Navigation Charts (ENCs). If you
have a type approved ECDIS on your ship, using ENCs produced by a Private Data Provider
makes your machine revert to the status of an ECS.

1. Starting and setting up ECDIS; connecting data sensors: satellite and radio navigation system
receivers, radar, gyrocompass, log, echo-sounder; accuracy and limitations of these sensors,
including effect of measurements errors and ship's position accuracy, manoeuvring on the
accuracy of course
indicators performance, compass error on the accuracy of course indication, shallow water on
the accuracy of log performance, log correction on the accuracy of speed calculation,
disturbance (sea state) on the accuracy of an echo-sounder performance; and

2.The current electronic chart display and information system performance standards
adopted by the Organization*. www.imo.org/
Lesson 1.12: Chart quality and accuracy

AIS - Automatic Identification System

ARPA - Automatic Radar Plotting Aid

COG - Course Over Ground.

The GPS system’s calculation of the ship’s heading in relation to the installed chart system

DGPS - Differential Global Positioning System

An enhancement to GPS that uses a network of fixed, ground-based reference

stations

to broadcast the difference between the positions indicated by the satellite system and the
known

known fixed positions

DNC - Digital Nautical Charts

A vector-based digital product designed to give navigators an up-to-date seamless

database

of the world. DNCs are published by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency

EBL - Electronic Bearing Line

A feature in a radar that is used to determine the relative bearing of an object from the
observing

observing ship’s bearing

EC - Electronic Chart

ECDIS - Electronic Chart Display and Information System

ENC - Electronic Navigational Chart

GPS - Global Positioning System

HDT - Heading True

Used to send heading information from the gyro-compass to other devices including radar

and ECDIS

IBS - Integrated Bridge System

RENC - Regional ENC Coordination Centre

RENC validates and distributes ENCs from producing nations to end-users. Only two

currently exist, PRIMAR in Norway and IC-ENC in the UK

RNC - Raster Nautical Chart | SENC - System Electronic Navigational

Chart

SOG - Speed Over Ground

The GPS system’s approximation of the ship’s speed in relation to the installed
chart

TCS - Track Control System

Via a connection with the autopilot, TCS in an ECDIS controls that the ship’s GPS
position

follows a pre-planned track

TTM - Tracked Target Status

Used to send tracked target information from ARPA to ECDIS VDR -

Voyage Data Recorder

VRM - Variable Range Marker

 A feature of radar used to determine relative distance to any target seen on the screen

VTS - Vessel Traffic Services

WEND - Worldwide Electronic Navigational Chart Data Base

Difference Between Electronic Chart Systems from ECDIS

Whilst the difference is subtle it is very important. The ECDIS specifications have been defined
by various organizations and approved by IMO. The very definition of ECDIS means that to meet
the carriage requirements users MUST use official Electronic Navigation Charts (ENCs). If you
have a type approved ECDIS on your ship, using ENCs produced by a Private Data Provider
makes your machine revert to the status of an ECS.

The IMO regulations stipulate that when carrying a type approved ECDIS with official ENCs,
navigators meet the carriage requirements and thus can reduce their paper chart indices. This is not
so for ECS.

Using an ECDIS therefore reduces the expenses associated with the carriage of paper charts:
initial purchase, replacement, freight, correction service, etc. There are other advantages too that
are difficult to quantify including improved safety, navigators training and comfort with the new
technology, voyage recording and playback capabilities and others.

The criteria for official ENCs have been defined (and changed many times) and are listed in the S-
57 specifications. Unfortunately these criteria were defined at a time when few hydrographic
offices around the World were in a position to produce ENCs in this format (many still are not).
This fact resulted in two trends of philosophy, one followed by the Hydrographic Offices and the
other one followed by Private Data Providers (PDP).

C-Map, Transas and Navionics and others are “en-block” referred to as “Private Data Providers
- PDP”. These companies realized that they had the know-how to produce Vector charts in what is
technically the same or very close to the description of S-57. However they are not hydrographic
offices and therefore their data cannot be considered as official and should be referred to as
“Electronic Chart Database- ECD”.
Whilst some Hydrographic Offices invested in technology and production capability to produce and
distribute S-57, some did nothing (due to lack of resources or interest or other reasons). Others
created technology to produce Raster format, which is a facsimile of the paper charts, and a few
years ago IMO approved that in the absence of official ENCs, the type approved ECDIS could use
official Raster charts.

Further information on Electronic Navigation Charts, including ECDIS vs. ECS, the variety of
data, Private Data Providers, the value of ENCs, coverage and AIS, can be found in George Arts’
newsletter in ‘Latitude Longitude’, issued by Marine Press of Canada.

Various Electronic Chart data formats

NOAA Electronic Navigational Charts (NOAA ENC) are vector data sets that represent
NOAA's newest and most powerful electronic charting product. NOAA ENCs conform with the
International Hydrographic Office (IHO) S-57 international exchange format, comply with the
IHO ENC Product Specification, and are provided with incremental updates that supply Notice to
Mariners corrections and other critical changes. NOAA ENCs and updates are available for free
download. NOAA ENC data may be used to fuel Electronic Chart and Display Information
Systems (ECDIS).

The System Electronic Navigation Chart (SENC) is the database created by an

ECDIS from the ENC data.

Raster Navigation Chart (RNC) is a Raster-formatted Chart produced by a National

Hydrographic Office.

Raster Chart Display System (RCDS) is a system which displays

official Raster-formatted charts on an ECDIS system.
The Relationship between ECDIS Data and the information Presented on the Display
ECDIS(Electronic Chart Display and Information System
ECDIS: An Electronic Chart Display and Information System is a Geographic Information System
(GIS) that complies with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations and can be
used in replacement of paper navigation charts. GIS: Computer-based technologies for storage,
manipulation, and analysis of geographically referenced information.
A geographical Information System differs from other computerized information systems for
the following reasons:

1. the information is geographically referenced (geo-coded);

2. higher capabilities for data analysis and scientific modelling, in addtition to the
usual data input, storage, retrieval, and output functions.

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS:

Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) – the data base, standardized content, structure and
format, issued for the used with ECDIS.
System Electronic Navigational Chart (SENC) – The data base resulting the

System Electronic Navigational Chart (SENC) – The data base resulting the
transformation of the ENC by ECDIS for appropriate use.
Standard Display – means the SENC information that should be shown when chart is first

Standard Display – means the SENC information that should be shown when chart is first
displayed.

Display Base – means the level of SENC information which cannot be removed from the
display.

S-52 – the Data (ENC), display aspects, color tolerance which allowed to display.

S-57 – the System (SENC), digital hydrographic data, deals more with different graphical
objects and symbology.

International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) – has the responsibility for

standardizing the chart objects for ECDIS.

National Hydrographic Office (NHO) – the publisher of official data for electronic chart of the
maritime nations.

Nautical Chart – a chart specially designed to meet the requirements of the marine navigation
showing depths of waters, nature of bottom, elevation, configuration and characteristics of
coast, danger and aid to navigation.

Raster Chart Display System (RCDS) – all data is in one layer and one format.
Digitized picture of a chart.
Digital Nautical Chart (NC) – used in conjunction with Navy Navigation Version of integrated
bridge.

Paper Chart – is a nautical chart that complies with the above requirements and in accordance
with technical resolutions by IHO.

Chart Data – is a data used in paper and electronic charts

Hydrographic Source Data – is a data gathered in many different ways from different
sources, used in compilation and maintenance of nautical chart products.

ECDIS Data may include the following :

1. Geographical info, depths

2. Lighthouse symbols, buoys
3. Own Ship vector, past track
4. Range rings, bearing lines
5. Navigational Warnings
6. Planned work, Chart work
7. Shallow water, Boarder lines
8. Fix accuracy in other system

Lesson 1.13: Chart Organization

Errors Affecting the Performance of ECDIS in the open Sea

An elementary understanding should be attained of the principles of ECDIS, together with

a full practical knowledge of:

1. Starting and setting up ECDIS; connecting data sensors: satellite and radio
navigation system receivers, radar, gyrocompass, log, echo-sounder; accuracy and limitations of
these sensors, including effect of measurements errors and ship's position accuracy, manoeuvring
on the accuracy of course indicators performance, compass error on the accuracy of course
indication, shallow water on the accuracy of log performance, log correction on the accuracy of
speed calculation, disturbance (sea state) on the accuracy of an echo-sounder performance; and
2. The current electronic chart display and information system performance standards
adopted by the Organization
Lesson 2: Watchkeeping with ECDIS
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the lesson the students shall be able to:

1. Discuss errors affecting the performance of ECDIS in the Open sea

2. explain what the accuracy of chart data is dependent upon
3. Assess all errors, inaccuracies, and ambiguities caused by improper data management
4. Introduce the organization of the chart data distribution
5. demonstrate the loading of ECDIS data
6. explain the performance limits of devices for the position, course overground, heading, speed,
depth, radar and AIS.
7. explain and analyze various sensors alarms and indications.
8. Loading of ECDIS Data
9. Demonstrate the variety of methods that chart data can be loaded and changed:
Automatically, Manually for the presently loaded route, manually from the total portfolio,
Manually displayed by the cursor position, during the activity of the operator using the graphics
cursor.
10. Select between primary and secondary position source
11. Identify the data port assigned to its connected sensors
12. Assess the impact on displayed information when a sensor port is improperly selected
13. Performance Limits of Devices for Position, Course Over the Ground, Heading, Speed,
Depth,
RADAR and AIS
Understanding the performance limits of sensors and assesses their impact on the safe
use of ECDIS.
1. Familiarity with the performance limits of devices for position, course over ground,
heading, speed, depth, radar, and AIS, especially
concerning: Availability, Accuracy, Integrity.
2. Understanding the need for selecting sensor data displayed in ECDIS that is appropriate
and unambiguous, and accurate. Demonstrate the impairment of ECDIS when sensor performance
deteriorates. www.pmo.ir/

Various Sensors Alarms and Indications Analyze Various

Sensor Alarms and Indications:
Activated when ECDIS receives no data from the external output device, Displayed in
the second line of the Information Area as they occur, Use Alarm button or free cursor
on 2nd-line message to disable the sound and message from the display, Alarm submenu
function remains orange parameter returns to set limits, or when function is deliberately
turned off,
 Correct response is to check the operation and connection of the relevant sensor.
www.pmo.ir/

Demonstrate the variety of methods that chart can be loaded and change

Assess inaccuracies and ambiguities caused by improper selection of chart or display

Primary and Secondary Position Source

On board there were two DGPS receivers, named as No1 and No2. In ECDIS the primary
position source was given as POS 1 and secondary as POS 2. Despite assumption POS 1 could
be DGPS receiver No 1 and POS 2 – receiver No2 respectively, that wasn’t the case.

In reality the primary position was fed by receiver No2. Primary position source is the first
source for position displayed on ECDIS, high-accurate and reliable, normally it’s differential
GPS receiver. If for any reason this position source fails or becomes unreliable, ECDIS will
change over to use secondary position source. www.nautinst.org./

Data Port Assigned to its Connected Sensor

Knowledge of selecting data ports, and assesses sensor input values and use of functions that
are integrated with other navigational systems.

1. Select between primary and secondary position source.

2. Observe automatic change over to secondary position source.
3. Familiarity with the data reference system of each connected sensor: Geodetic system,
Antenna position, Transducer position, Clock or time source
4. Knowledge of the data port assigned to each connected sensor
5. Monitor, identify and to a limited extent decode the data stream for each attached sensor:

Select a sensor and monitor the data stream (live or simulated), generally recognize the
sentence syntax associated with the sensor, Where possible, associate data with displayed
navigational information

6. Assess the plausibility of sensor input values to ECDIS.

7. Assess the impact on displayed information when a sensor port is improperly.
. www.nautinst.org./
Impact on Displayed Information when a Sensor port is improperly Selected

1. Demonstrate the variety of methods that chart data can be loaded and changed: Automatically,
Manually for the presently loaded route, manually from the total portfolio, Manually displayed by
the cursor position, during the activity of the operator using the graphics cursor.

2. Assess the inaccuracies and ambiguities caused by improper selection of a

chart for display: When own ship position is on display, chart data list is sorted by scale, When
own ship position is not on display (viewing elsewhere), chart data Jist is sorted by name( alpha),
ECDIS displays largest scale data (smallest area) on the topmost layer, but the user may prioritize
by format, especially ENC to keep ECDIS in the ECDIS mode, Automatic chart loading may be
switched on or off or held to a user-selected chart (fixed)

Explained how to obtain information on charted objects

Demonstrate errors of interpretation by the incorrect selection of display categories and safety rules

Check and or select preferred operation settings in the primary tasks panels and on the primary
information panels

Evaluate the range of information recorded in the log table (voyage recording) How to Obtain

Information on Charted Objects

1. Manually test the major functions of hardware, keyboard, mouse I trackball, sensor
data, and chart data.
2. Primary information panel: Primary task panels, Primary information panel, Ship,
Alarm, Chart, Logbook, ARPA, Configuration, Add Info (user layers), Route
3. Demonstrate alarm and function status indications: Alarms, time, position update,
heading and speed log, Route keeping, heading vectors, chart scale, track, logbook functions.

Demonstrate Error of Interpretation by the Incorrect Selection of Safety Values

1. Demonstrate errors of interpretation by the incorrect selection of safety values:

Safety depth; Safety contour; Least depth alarm; anti –grounding alarms, Alarms for sailing along a
route.
2. Adjust track length and precision.
Check an or Select Preferred Operation Settings in Primary Information Panel Check
navigational conditions (own ship progress, charts displayed, etc.), Check routing events
(including manual notations), Check system events, Display additional data groups
Familiarity with the range of information recorded in the log table (voyage recording)
Familiarity with the range of information recorded in the log table (voyage recording): Check
navigational conditions (own ship progress, charts displayed, etc.), Check routing events
(including manual notations), Check system events, Display additional data groups.
Demonstrate scaling of electronic chart display

Recognize interpretation errors due to scaling

Overscale and underscale refer to the display of electronic chart data at too large and too small a
scale, respectively. In the case of overscale, the display is “zoomed in” too close, beyond the
standard of accuracy to which the data was digitized. Underscale indicates that larger scale data is
available for the area in question. ECDIS provides a warning in either case. (msi.nga.mil/)

- Overscale of the display will spread out chart and user information with the possible loss of
familiar cues for estimating

distance

- Underscale of the display may cause some information to be hidden

- Underscale with SCAMIN off will result in unacceptable clutter due to data density
(webcache.googleusercontent.com)

a. Demonstrating Scaling of Electronic Chart Display

- Scale and select scale value

- With chart autoload switched on, use zoom function

- (Zoom) and use cursor to draw quadrangle around area to view (webcache.googleusercontent.co

b. Recognizing, Interpreting Errors Due to Scaling

Many electronic chart positional discrepancies that are observed today originate from graphical chart
compilation techniques of the past. The manual application of survey data of varying scales to the
fixed chart scale was a source of error that
often introduced biases. In the past, source information at large scales would often have to be
reduced with a copy machine so it could be overlaid and transferred to the master version of the
chart. Today, when NOAA survey crews and contractors obtain DGPS positions on prominent
shoreline features, and compare those positions to the chart, biases may be found that are on the
order of 2 millimeters at the scale of the chart (e.g., 20 meters on 1:10,000-scale chart). High
accuracy aerial photography reveals similar discrepancies between the true shoreline and the
charted shoreline. It stands to reason that other important features such as dredged channel limits
and navigational aids also exhibit these types of biases. Unfortunately, on any given chart, the
magnitude and the direction of these discrepancies will vary in different areas of the chart.
Therefore, no systematic adjustment can easily be performed that will improve the inherent
accuracy of the paper or electronic chart. (ntl.bts.gov/)

1.1. Course introduction & familiarization plan

ECDIS is an acronym for Electronic Chart Display and Information System. This is a computer
system that conforms to the regulations of the International Maritime Organization and makes it
possible to view electronic charts. It can be used in some cases as a substitute for paper
charts on board merchant ships. The requirements for ECDIS are stipulated in the SOLAS
-Convention. Not officially recognized systems are electronic chart systems mentioned. From
June 1, 2012 ECDIS is phased in for all vessels larger than 3000 GT and passenger ships
larger than 500 GT. To qualify as an ECS ECDIS system must:comply with the IMO
Performance Standards for ECDIS (IMO Resolutions A817 (19) and MSC.232 (82));use by the
International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) authorized maps;Set up the maps and present
according to the IHO standards S52 andS57.
ECDIS is a complex, safety-relevant, software based system with multiple options for display
and integration. The ongoing safe and effective use of ECDIS involves many stakeholders
including seafarers, equipment manufacturers, chart producers, hardware and software
maintenance providers, shipowners and operators, and training providers. It is important that all
these stakeholders have a clear and common understanding of their roles and responsibilities
in relation to ECDIS.

1. MAJOR ELEMENTS OFECDIS:

a. COMPUTER
b. DISPLAY
c. SOFTWARE
d. IMO COMPLIANT ELECTRONIC NAVIGATIONCHART
ECDIS https://www.google.com.ph/
Electronicnauticalchart https://www.google.com.ph/

There are two different types of ECDIS and both are used in different sectors of marine areas,
in spite of
the technology involved being the same.
Vector ECDIS: The vector variation of the electronic chart system is used mainly by
government naval vessels than commercial ones. The Vector ECDIS adheres to the norms set
up by the International Hydrographic Organization and is well advanced in the sense that, it can
be pre-programmed to indicate
anythreattoanavalvessel’spositionincaseothershipsandnavalvesselsarealsoinasimilarlocation in
the water.
Raster ECDIS: These are a more traditional variant of the ECDIS. In these, navigational
charts that are charted out in paper are scanned and converted into the Electronic Chart
System format. Because of such a conversion, it so happens that if one wants to zoom in or
zoom out a particular navigational route, the process is quite easy and feasible. For the
purpose of display the navigational charts in this particular electronic chart system, the
technology of Raster Chart Display System (RCDS) is used in case there is an absence of the
Electronic Navigational Charts.
Image Credits: admiralty.co.uk
The concept of ECDIS is something that is gaining more and more popularity in today’s times.
 This is mainly because the concept has been officially allowed to be incorporated in the naval
vessels and ships. By adopting this method of marking and charting navigational routes, it has
become easier to avoid any unwanted accidents as this electronic chart system uses modern
technology rather than human aid. The ECDIS as an electronic Chart System is something
that allows shipping companies and ship owners a lot of mental freedom when it comes to the
safety of the vessel in the water. Because of this technology, it can be said that the aspect of
navigation has become faster, simpler and sleeker.
For inland developed its own complementary system:
Inland ECDISThere are two major types of electronic
nautical charts, namely
1. RNCs (Raster Navigational Charts) and 2. ENC ( Electronic Navigational Charts ). Raster
Navigational Chart
A Raster Navigational Chart is a grid map that is created by scanning the original paper chart
and is an exact copyof that card. The card is made up of thousands of tiny dots that make up a
flat, digitalpose image. Such a card is similar to the familiar paper product and, although it is an
electronic card are hardly manipulated. The officially published raster map is called Raster
Navigational Chart, abbreviated RNC. English ARCS is the most famous RNC service. The
acronym stands for Admiralty Raster ChartServiceand consists of 2800 grid maps or RNC,
which enable global coverage is available from the same quality and accuracy as of the charts.

Benefits of RNCs
Easy so cheaply from existing maps.
They look like paper maps so is also easy to interpret older seafarers information
from the card. Of all the areas in the world are RNCs available.

Disadvantages of RNCs
It is a direct copy of a paper map, at far zoom the individual pixels become visible
and decreases reliability.
There is no metadataavailable about objects in the map such as buoys
and lights. This card takes up more memory space as the RNC
resolution increases.

Electronic Navigational Chart

Are also called vector maps. In fact, ENC officially published vector maps. ENCs are maps
in which all data is stored as individual elements. The built-in intelligence provides the vector
map many more options for navigation -support than an RNC or raster map.
The intelligent vector data stored in 'layers' and contain all the contours that are on nautical
charts, such as coastlines, buoys, lights, and so on. These contours and their characteristic
properties, such as position, color and shape are stored in a database through which the
data can be selectively made visible. For this reason seem ENC to a lesser extent in the
traditional cards.
In the various information of ECDIS system enter. A number of things are obliged:
1. ENC data; This is available from official hydrographicinstitutions.
2. Colors and symbols; these are standard, and can be retrieved and laid down when a userwants.
3. The position of the vessel; ECDIS should always reflect the position of the vessel on the
map, by means of data entry of positioningequipment.
4. Changes of the shell; one must be able to zoom and ECDIS must, even if the user has to be small
scale, can givewarnings.
5. Display Mode; This is the north or the own course can be put up. When one takes the ship
and the other card with a ratechange.
6. Depth figures; where is thedepth.
7. Other navigational warnings; the RADAR or ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting Aid) must beadded.
The sources that may come in are:
a. GNSS (GPS, GALILEO, GLONASS.Etc.) and Loran, to find the right spot on the earth and
those in the projectcard.
b. The price of the gyrocompass , to see what the direction is, what dangers and what direction.
The speed of the ship will be generated through the designation of the log through the NMEA interface is
so precise positioning data (NMEA National Marine Electronics Association;NMEA 0183 Standard for
Interfacing Marine Electronic Devices, datarecord).
c. The radar can be connected both raw data from a raster scan radar, or a synthetic ARPA, so that
other ships in the card can beput.
This information is recorded by ECDIS and projected on the screen with the right card
underneath. It is not just a program to run in ENCs, but it also provides information. For
example, one can accentuate special things, or dimming, such as buoys or certain depth
lines.
Benefits ENC
The card takes up less memory space because the data in the map as vectorsaved
Objects in the chart (buoys or lights) can metadatabe obtained which can be quickly
retrieved the light character or shape.It is possible for certain specific information layers to
omit or just adding to clarify the 'picture'.The planned route can be checked for sufficient
depth because the depth map is an information layer.During navigation can be made use of
"looking ahead function posing a risk of grounding and collision with solid objects decreases.

Disadvantages of the ENC

Not all the regions in the vector map are available as ENC.
The danger is that omitted vital information when used improperly.

About ECDIS
written by: Kristina Dems•edited by: Rhonda Callow•updated: 10/21/2010
What is ECDIS?

An electronic chart display and information system, or ECDIS, is a

navigation system that uses digitized information, specifically electronic navigation charts. It
allows navigators to access digital navigation data in an easy and fast manner to aid them
in ship navigation. It can be used instead of paper charts used in traditional navigation, but it
needs to comply to the standards and regulations set by the International Maritime
Organization, orIMO.
Here is some more information about the ECDIS and how it
is used:
a. Are All Electronic Chart Navigation Systems ConsideredECDIS?
Not all navigation systems that use electronic charts can be considered an ECDIS. A
navigation system needs more than just the ability to read digital charts to be considered an
ECDIS. It needs to incorporate other information into electronic navigational charts, or ENCs,
like global navigation satellite system , (GNSS) global positioning systemdata, or GPS data,
fathometer data and radar data in assisting navigators plotting courses and voyage routes.
Other information and data can be used to be layered into the usual digital navigation
information as long as they all comply to standards and regulations of the IMO. This means
that only digital navigation systems that use IMO compliant data are to be considered ECDIS.
b. Components of anECDIS
The major elements that compose an ECDIS are the computer system (including all essential
hardware to make it work), a display, software and, of course, IMO compliant electronic
navigation charts. For an ECDIS to be considered an ECDIS, it needs to be installed according
to the standards and regulations set by the IMO. Installation includes the setup of the computer
hardware, the display and the application software.
c. Capabilities of anECDIS
The functions of an ECDIS include planning, plotting and monitoring routes, displaying of
electronic navigation charts in different modes by accessing a database of IMO compliant
digital charts, warnings and alarms, customization of display colors and sizes, tracking of
ships, recording and playback of navigational events and logging of preset navigation targets.
With this features and functions, the navigators of a ship can safely plot their course using
several sources of approved data. Other tools for monitoring course and planning of routes
can be utilized but the ECDIS can function as the main navigational tool in a ship.
d. Using and Maintaining anECDIS
Using and maintenance of an ECDIS goes beyond just displaying electronic navigation charts.
Its display can be controlled in terms of brightness, color and size, so some training is
required to use and interpret the data presented on the ECDIS display. It needs to be regularly
checked for optimalperformance.
Constant monitoring of its temperature, vibration and any kind of electromagnetic interference
must be observed to make sure that is functioning properly. Calibration should be
administered every once in a while to make sure that it is providing the correct data to
navigators in a safe and accuratemanner.
Performance standards set by the IMO should be satisfied first before an ECDIS is
approved for official use in a marine navigation.
IMO RESOLUTION A.817 (19) PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
FOR ELECTRONIC CHART DISPLAY
AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ECDIS) Note: The IMO Performance Standards for ECDIS
are reproduced in this publication for convenience, with the kind permission of the IMO.
1. The primary function of the ECDIS is to contribute to safenavigation.
2. ECDIS with adequate back-up arrangements may be accepted as complying with the up-to-date
charts required by regulation V/20 of the 1974 SOLASConvention.
3. Inadditiontothegeneralrequirementsforshipborneradioequipmentfo
rmingpartofthe global maritime distress and safety system (GMDSS)
and for electronic navigational aids contained in IMO resolution
A.694 (17) *, ECDIS should meet the requirements of this
performancestandard.
4. ECDIS should be capable of displaying all chart information necessary for safe and
efficient navigation originated by, and distributed on the authority of, government authorized
hydrographicoffices.
5. ECDIS should facilitate simple and reliable updating of the electronic navigationalchart.
6. ECDISshouldreducethenavigationalworkloadcomparedtousingthepaperchart.Itshould enable
the mariner to execute in a convenient and timely manner all route planning, route monitoring and
positioning currently performed on paper charts. It should be capable of continuously plotting the
ship'sposition.
7. ECDIS should have at least the same reliability and availability of presentation as
thepaper chart published by government authorized hydrographicoffices.
8. ECDIS should provide appropriate alarms or indications with respect to theinformation
displayed or malfunction of theequipment.
 1.2PURPOSE ofECDIS
it should enable the mariner to execute in a convenient and timely manner all route planning,
route monitoring and positioning currently performed on paper charts. It should be capable of
continuously plotting the ship's position.
Should have at least the same reliability and availability of presentation as the paper chart
published by government authorized hydrographic offices and should provide appropriate
alarms or indications with respect to the information displayed or malfunction of the
equipment. should reduce the navigational workload compared to using the paper chart.
Sources : Course Notes on Navigation 6 Operational Use of Electronic Chart Display and Information System ( ECDIS ) compiled by Capt.
P.L. Punay

1.3 VALUE TONAVIGATION

An Electronic Chart Display and Information System ("ECDIS") is a geographic information
system used for nautical navigation that complies with International Maritime
Organization(IMO) regulations as an alternative to paper nautical
charts. IMO refers to similar systems not meeting the regulations as
electronic chart systems (ECSs).
An ECDIS system displays the information from electronic navigational charts (ENC) or Digital
Nautical Charts (DNC) and integrates position information from position, heading and speed
through water reference systems and optionally other navigational sensors. Other sensors
which could interface with an ECDIS are radar, Navtex, Automatic Identification System
AIS),and depth sounders. From Wikipedia
1.4CORRECT AND INCORRECT USE OFECDIS
With the advent of technology, the use of Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems
(ECDIS) is becoming increasingly popular. While the use of an ECDIS does have its advantages, it
can have a negative impact if not used correctly and this is known to be a causative factor in
majorclaimssuchascollisionsandgroundings.Duetotheperceivedcauseoftheseincidentswe
wouldliketodrawourMembers’attentiontoRegulation19ofchapterVoftheSafetyOfLifeAt
Sea(SOLAS)conventionwhichpermitsanECDIStobecarriedaspartoftheonboardnavigational
system, provided it meets the chart carriage requirements as detailed in regulation. The ECDIS
must be type approved and in order to do so and it must meet the required performance
standards (MSC.1/Circ.1503, ECDIS – Guidance for goodpractice).
It is important to remember that personnel operating the ECDIS must have undergone
appropriate ECDIS training. It is understood that the ECDIS training and certification
requirements, as per the 2010 Manila amendments to the STCW code will not be in force before
1st January 2017. The amendments to the STCW Convention via circular STCW.7/Circ18
– 22 May 2012 include a limitation on the STCW deck officer endorsement of the Certificate of
Competency (COC). This renders the COC invalid for service onboard ECDIS equipped vessels in
the event no evidence is available to demonstrate that a deck officer has undergone the required
ECDIS training. It is therefore advised in the interim, that Members should ensure
navigating officers on board their ships using ECDIS are trained to existing standards such as
the IMO ECDIS model course (1.27).
Notwithstanding the statutory training mentioned above, Members should ensure that
navigating officers are familiar with the specific ECDIS model available on board through a
familiarization program. As far as practicable, it is advantageous that the same make and model
of ECDIS is installed on all fleet vessels to assist this familiarization process. This would help to
reduce the incorrect use of the ECDIS such as not including the correct layers of the electronic
chart and helping to ensure that all the data available on the corresponding paper chart is
displayed on the ECDIS.
Ifpaperchartsaretheprimarymeansofnavigationonboardthevessel,thenitisimperativethat all
navigation, including, but not limited to, chart work, passage planning and position fixing is
carriedoutusingthepapercharts.Theprimarysourceofnavigation,whetherpaperchartsoran ECDIS,
should be kept updated at all times in accordance with SOLAS ChapterV/27.
If a non-type approved ECDIS is discovered fitted on board a vessel, it is strongly recommended
that the ECDIS be decommissioned to stop unauthorized usage. The prohibited use of these
systems must further be emphasized by displaying prominent notices upon the equipment to
show it is not to be used for navigation. Such measures should also be included in the shipboard
navigation procedures. Further details on the requirements of ECDIS can be found on the IMO
website following the link:www.imo.org.
1.5 WORK STATION START, STOP ANDLAYOUT
Use ECDIS Within The Prevailing Navigation Situation

Proficiency in the Use of ECDIS Includes Assessing the Integrity of the System and All Data at
All Times
https://www.google.com.ph/
 Perform Standard ECDIS Work Station Start
https://www.google.com.ph/

Interpret the ECDIS Start Windows for Sensors Requested,

Sensors Found, and Selected Charts Initializing
https://www.google.com.ph/
1.6VESSELPOSITION
Review User’s Interface Methods
ECDIS should be provided with means for either automatically or manually carrying A
Chartplotter is a device used in marine navigationthat integrates GPSdata with an
electronicnavigational chart (ENC). The chartplotter displays the ENC along with the position,
heading and speed of the ship, and may display additional information from radar, automatic
informationsystems (AIS)or other sensors. As appropriate to particular marine applications,
chartplotters may also display data from other sensors, such as echolocators/sonar.

Examine Position Information in the Display Panel

https://www.google.com.ph/

Determine a Position Fix on the ECDIS Chart Display Panel

 Review Basics of
1.7POSITIONSOURCE
the GNSS

https://www.google.co
m.ph/

Determin
e Fix
Quality
(Status) 0f
GNSS

The term ‘global navigation satellite system’ (GNSS) refers to a constellation of satellites
providing signals from space transmitting positioning and timing data. By definition, a GNSS
provides global coverage.
 GNSS receivers determine location by using the timing and positioning data encoded in
the signals from space. The USA’s NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS)and Russia’s
Global'naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) are examples of GNSS.
Europe is in the process of launching its own independent GNSS, Galileo. Since 2011, four
Galileo satellites have been launched and used as part of the In-Orbit
Validation phase, allowing the first autonomous position fix to be
calculated based on Galileo-only signals in March 2013. The Commission
aims to have the full constellation of 30 Galileo satellites (which
includes six in- orbit active spares) in operation before the end of
this decade." Galileo will be interoperable
with GPS and GLONASS. This interoperability will allow manufacturers to develop terminals
that work with Galileo, GPS and GLONASS. https://www.egnos.porta.eu\
Monitor
1.8BASICNAVIGATION
Vessel
Display
https://www.google.
com.ph/

Activate
Route
Monitori
ng
Features
https://www.google.
com.ph/
1.9HEADING AND DRIFTVECTORS

Recognize the Effect of Gyro Error

https://www.google.com.ph/

Graphically Monitor own ships Approach to Isolated Dangers by Means of a Guard Ring
https://www.google.com.ph/

1.10UNDERSTANDING CHARTDATA
Relevant Terminology of ECDIS
https://www.google.com.ph/

Many think that because they use electronic chart on their ship they have an ECDIS. Nothing
could be further from the truth. ECDIS stands for Electronic Chart Display and Information
System and ECS stands for Electronic Chart System. While the difference is subtle it is
very important. The ECDIS specification
have been defined by various organization and approved by IMO. The very definition of
ECDIS means that to meet the carriage requirements users MUST use official Electronic
Navigation Chart (ENCs). If you have a type approved ECDIS on your ship, using ENCs
produced by a Private Data Provider makes your machine revert to the status of ECS.
1.11OPENSEA

a. Starting and setting up ECDIS, connecting data sensors: satellite and radio navigation system
receivers, radar, gyro compass, log, echo sounders, accuracy and limitations of thesesensors,
includingeffectofmeasurementerrorsandship’spositionaccuracy,maneuveringonthe accuracy of
course indicator performance, compass error on the accuracy of course indication, shallow water on
the accuracy of log performance , log correction on the accuracy of speed calculation, disturbance
(sea state} on the accuracy of echo sounder performance and
b. The current electronic chart display and information system performance standard adopted by
the organization.www.imo.org/
1.12 CHART QUALITY AND
ACCURACY AIS - Automatic
Identification System ARPA –
Automatic Radar Plotting Aid COG -
Course OverGround.
TheGPSsystem’scalculationoftheship’sheadinginrelationtotheinstalledchartsystem
DGPS - Differential Global PositioningSystem
An enhancement to GPS that uses a network of fixed, ground-based reference stations
to broadcast the difference between the positions indicated by the satellite system and
the known fixed positions
DNC - Digital Nautical Charts
A vector-based digital product designed to give navigators an up-to-date seamless
database of the world. DNCs are published by the National Geospatial-Intelligence
Agency
EBL - Electronic Bearing Line
A feature in a radar that is used to determine the relative bearing of an object from the
observing ship’s bearing
EC - Electronic Chart
ECDIS - Electronic Chart Display and
Information System ENC - Electronic
Navigational Chart GPS - Global Positioning
System HDT - Heading True
Used to send heading information from the gyro-compass to other devices including radar
and ECDIS IBS - Integrated Bridge System
RENC - Regional ENC Coordination Centre
RENC validates and distributes ENCs from producing nations to end-users. Only
two currently exist, PRIMAR in Norway and IC-ENC in the UK
RNC - Raster Nautical Chart
SENC - System Electronic Navigational
Chart SOG - Speed Over Ground
TheGPSsystem’sapproximationoftheship’sspeedinrelationtotheinstalledchart
TCS - Track Control System
Viaaconnectionwiththeautopilot,TCSinanECDIScontrolsthattheship’sGPSpositionfollowsa
pre-planned track
TTM - Tracked
TargetStatus
Used to send tracked target information from ARPA
to ECDIS VDR - Voyage Data Recorder
VRM - Variable Range Marker
A feature of radar used to determine relative distance to any target seen on
the screen VTS - Vessel Traffic Services
WEND - Worldwide Electronic Navigational Chart Data Base source: www.ecdis-info.com/

Difference between Electronic Chart Systems from ECDIS

THESUBTLEBUTIMPORTANTDISTINCTIONBETWEENANECDISAND ECS
Published: 29 November 2002 06:19 Updated: 08 July 2006 06:19

Many think that because they use electronic charts on their ship they have an ECDIS. Nothing
could be further from the truth. ECDIS stands for Electronic Charts Display and Information
System and ECS stands for Electronic Chart System.
Whilst the difference is subtle it is very important. The ECDIS specifications have been defined
by various organizations and approved by IMO. The very definition of ECDIS means that to
meet the carriage requirements users MUST use official Electronic Navigation Charts (ENCs).
If you have a type approved ECDIS on your ship, using ENCs produced by a Private Data
Provider makes your machine revert to the status of an ECS. The IMO regulations stipulate that
when carrying a type approved ECDIS with official ENCs, navigators meet the carriage
requirements and thus can reduce their paper chart indices. This is not so for ECS. Using an
ECDIS therefore reduces the expenses associated with the carriage of paper charts: initial
purchase, replacement, freight, correction service, etc. There are other advantages too that are
difficult to quantify including improved safety, navigators training and comfort with the new
technology, voyage recording and playback capabilities and others. The criteria for official
ENCs have been defined (and changed many times) and are listed in the S-57 specifications.
Unfortunately these criteria were defined at a time when few hydrographic offices around the
World were in a position to produce ENCs in this format (many still are not). This fact resulted
in two trends of philosophy, one followed by the Hydrographic Offices and the other one
followed by Private Data Providers (PDP). C-Map, Transas and Navionics and others are “en-
block” referred to as “Private Data Providers - PDP”. These companies realized that they had
the know-how to produce Vector charts in what is technically the same or very close to the
description of S-57. However they are not hydrographic offices and therefore their data cannot
be considered as official and should be referred to as “Electronic Chart Database- ECD”. Whilst
some Hydrographic Offices invested in technology and production capability to produce and
distribute S-57, some did nothing (due to lack of resources or interest or other reasons). Others
created technology to produce Raster format, which is a facsimile of the paper charts, and a
few years ago IMO approved that in the absence of official ENCs, the type approved ECDIS
could use official Raster charts.
 Further information on Electronic Navigation Charts, including ECDIS vs. ECS, the variety of
data, Private Data Providers, the value of ENCs, coverage and AIS, can be found in George
Arts’ newsletter in ‘Latitude Longitude’, issued by Marine Press of Canada.
howard.snaith@intertanko.com

Various Electronic Chart data formats

Electronic Navigational Charts: NOAAENC®

` NOAA Electronic Navigational Charts (NOAA

ENC®) are vector data sets that represent NOAA's newest and
most powerful electronic charting product.
NOAA ENCs conform with the International Hydrographic Office (IHO) S-57 international
exchange format, comply with the IHO ENC Product Specification, and are provided with
incremental updates that supply Notice to Mariners corrections and other critical changes.
NOAA ENCs and updates are available for free download. NOAA ENC data may be used to
fuel Electronic Chart and Display Information Systems (ECDIS). www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/
The System Electronic Navigation Chart (SENC) is the database created by an ECDIS from
the ENC data.
Raster Navigation Chart (RNC) is a Raster-formatted Chart produced by a
National Hydrographic Office.
Raster Chart Display System (RCDS) is a system which displays official Raster-formatted
charts on an ECDIS system. https://www.google.com.ph/

The Relationship between ECDIS Data and the

information Presented on the Display
https://www.google.com.ph/
TERMS AND DEFINITIONS:

Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) – the data base, standardized content,

structure and format, issued for the used with ECDIS.
System Electronic Navigational Chart (SENC) – The data base resulting the
transformation of the ENC by ECDIS for appropriate use.
Standard Display – means the SENC information that should be shown when chart is first
displayed.
Display Base – means the level of SENC information which cannot be removed from the display.
S-52 – the Data (ENC), display aspects, color tolerance which allowed to display.
S-57 – the System (SENC), digital hydrographic data, deals more with different graphical
objects and symbology.
International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) – has the responsibility for standardizing
the chart objects for ECDIS.
National Hydrographic Office (NHO) – the publisher of official data for electronic chart of
the maritime nations.
Nautical Chart – a chart specially designed to meet the requirements of the marine
navigation showing depths of waters, nature of bottom, elevation, configuration and
characteristics of coast, danger and aid to navigation.
Raster Chart Display System (RCDS) – all data is in one layer and one format. Digitized picture
of a chart.
Digital Nautical Chart (NC) – used in conjunction with Navy Navigation Version of
integrated bridge.
Paper Chart – is a nautical chart that complies with the above requirements and in
accordance with technical resolutions by IHO.
Chart Data – is a data used in paper and electronic charts
Hydrographic Source Data – is a data gathered in many different ways from different
sources, used in compilation and maintenance of nautical chart products.
ECDIS Data may include the following:
a. Geographical info,depths
b. Lighthouse symbols,buoys
c. Own Ship vector, pasttrack
d. Range rings, bearinglines
e. NavigationalWarnings
f. Planned work, Chartwork
g. Shallow water, Boarderlines.
h. Fix accuracy in othersystem
1.13 CHARTORGANIZATION
Errors Affecting the Performance of ECDIS in the open
Sea An elementary understanding should be attained of the principles of ECDIS,
together with a full practical knowledge of:
1. Starting and setting up ECDIS; connecting data sensors: satellite and radio navigation system
receivers, radar, gyrocompass, log, echo-sounder; accuracy and limitations of these sensors, including
effect of measurements errors and ship's position accuracy, maneuvering on the accuracy of course
indicators performance, compass error on the accuracy of course indication, shallow water on the
accuracy of log performance, log correction on the accuracy of speed calculation, disturbance (sea state)
on the accuracy of an echo-sounder performance;and
2. The current electronic chart display and information systemperformancestandards adopted
by the Organization.www.imo.org/

2.1 WATCHKEEPING WITHECDIS

Accuracy of Chart Data Dependent Upon
1. Setting up and maintainingdisplay
2. Operational use of electroniccharts
3. Routeplanning
4. Routemonitoring
5. Alarmhandling
6. Manual correction of a ship's position and motionparameters
7. Records in the ship'slog
8. Chartupdating
9. Operational use of ECDIS where radar/ARPA
connected 10.Operational use of ECDIS where AIS
connected 11.Operational warnings, their benefits
andlimitations
12. Systemoperationaltests www.imo.org/
Assessing All Errors, Inaccuracies, and Ambiguities Caused by Improper Data

Management
https://www.google.com.ph/
Assess the inaccuracies and ambiguities caused by improper selection of chart for display:
When own ship position is on display, chart data list is sorted by scale, When own ship position
is not on display (viewing elsewhere), chart data Jist is sorted by name( alpha), ECDIS
displays largest scale data (smallest area) on the topmost layer, but the user may prioritize by
format, especially ENC to keep ECDIS in the ECDIS mode, Automatic chart loading may be
switched on or off or held to a user-selected chart (fixed) Display updates in order to review
content and to establish their inclusion in the SENC: Review their contents, Determine that
they have been included in the SENC. Demonstrate and analyze the data and chart alarms
resulting from over scaling (zooming in) and under scaling (zooming out) Demonstrate and
analyze the data and chart alarms resulting from use of a non WGS84 geodetic datum.

Lesson 2: Watchkeeping with ECDIS

2.2 SENSORS
The Organization of the Chart Data Distribution https://www.google.com.ph/

Loading of ECDIS Data

Demonstrate the variety of methods that chart data can be loaded and changed:
Automatically, Manually for the presently loaded route, manually from the total
portfolio, manually displayed by the cursor position, during the activity of the operator
using the graphics cursor.
2.3PORTS AND DATAFEEDS
Performance Limits of Devices for Position, Course Over the Ground, Heading,
Speed, Depth, RADAR and AIS
Understanding the performance limits of sensors and assesses their impact on the safe use of
ECDIS.
1. Familiarity with the performance limits of devices for position, course over ground, heading,
speed, depth, radar, and AIS, especiallyconcerning:
Availability, Accuracy, Integrity.
2. Understanding the need for selecting sensor data displayed in ECDIS that is appropriate and unambiguous,
and accurate. Demonstrate the impairment of ECDIS when sensorperformance
deteriorates. www.pmo.ir/

https://www.google.com.ph/
 Various Sensors Alarms and
Indications Analyze Various Sensor Alarms and Indications:
Activated when ECDIS receives no data from the external output device, Displayed in the
second line of the Information Area as they occur, Use Alarm button or free cursor on 2nd-line
message to disable the sound and message from the display, Alarm submenu function
remains orange parameter returns to set limits, or when function is deliberately turned off,
Correct response is to check the operation and connection of the relevant sensor. www.pmo.ir/

2.4CHART SELECTION ANDINFORMATION

Primary and Secondary Position Source
On board there were two DGPS receivers, named as No1 and No2. In ECDIS the primary
position source was given as POS 1 and secondary as POS 2. Despite assumption POS 1
could be DGPS receiver No 1 and POS 2 – receiver No2 respectively, that wasn’t the case. In
reality the primary position was fed by receiver No2. Primary position source is the first
source for
positiondisplayedonECDIS,high-accurateandreliable,normallyit’sdifferentialGPSreceiver.Ifforany
reason this position source fails or becomes unreliable, ECDIS will change over to use
secondary position source.www.nautinst.org./

Data Port Assigned to its Connected Sensor

Knowledge of selecting data ports, and assesses sensor input values and use of
functions that are integrated with other navigational systems.
1. Select between primary and secondary positionsource.
2. Observe automatic change over to secondary positionsource.
3. Familiarity with the data reference system of each connectedsensor:
4. Knowledge of the data port assigned to each connectedsensor
5. Monitor, identify and to a limited extent decode the data stream for each attachedsensor:
Select a sensor and monitor the data stream (live or simulated), generally recognize the
sentence syntax associated with the sensor, Where possible, associate data with
displayed navigational information
6. Assess the plausibility of sensor input values toECDIS.
7. Assess the impact on displayed information when a sensor port is improperly. www.nautinst.org./
 Impact on Displayed Information when a Sensor port is improperly Selected
1. Demonstrate the variety of methods that chart data can be loaded and changed: Automatically,
Manually for the presently loaded route, manually from the total portfolio, manually displayed by the cursor
position, during the activity of the operator using the graphicscursor.
2. Assess the inaccuracies and ambiguities caused by improper selection of a chart for display: When
own ship position is on display, chart data list is sorted by scale, When own ship position is not on display
(viewing elsewhere), chart data list is sorted by name (alpha), ECDIS displays largest scale data (smallest
area) on the topmost layer, but the user may prioritize by format, especially ENC to keep ECDIS in the
ECDIS mode, Automatic chart loading may be switched on or off or held to a user-selected chart (fixed)
2.5CHANGINGSETTINGS
How to Obtain Information on Charted Objects
1. Manually test the major functions of hardware, keyboard, mouse I trackball, sensor data, and
chart data.
2. Primary information panel: Primary task panels, Primary information panel, Ship, Alarm, Chart,
Logbook, ARPA, Configuration, Add Info (user layers),Route
3. Demonstrate alarm and function status indications: Alarms, time, position update, heading
andspeed log, Route keeping, heading vectors, chart scale, track, log bookfunctions.

Demonstrate Error of Interpretation by the Incorrect Selection

of Safety Values
1.Demonstrate errors of interpretation by the incorrect selection of safety values: Safety depth; Safety
contour; Least depth alarm; anti –grounding alarms, Alarms for sailing along aroute.
2. Adjust track length andprecision.
Check an or Select Preferred Operation Settings in Primary Information Panel
Check navigational conditions (own ship progress, charts displayed, etc.), Check routing events
(including manual notations), Check system events, Display additional data groups
Familiarity with the range of information recorded in the log table (voyage recording
Familiarity with the range of information recorded in the log table (voyage recording): Check
navigational conditions (own ship progress, charts displayed, etc.), Check routing events (including
annual notations), Check system events, Display additional data groups
2.6CHART SCALING
Over scale and under scale refer to the display of electronic chart data at too large and too
small a scale, respectively. In the case of over scale, the display is “zoomed in” too close,
beyond the standard of accuracy to which the data was digitized. Under scale indicates that
larger scale data is available for the area in question. ECDIS provides a warning in either
case.
(msi.nga.mil/)
- Over scale of the display will spread out chart and user information with the possible loss of
familiar cues for estimatingdistance.
- Under scale of the display may cause some information to behidden
- Under scale with SCAMIN off will result in unacceptable clutter due to datadensity
(webcache.googleusercontent.com)
 a. Demonstrating Scaling of Electronic ChartDisplay
- Scale and select scalevalue
- With chart auto load switched on, use zoomfunction
- (Zoom) and use cursor to draw quadrangle around area to view (webcache.googleusercontent.com)
(https://www.google.com.ph/)

b. Recognizing, Interpreting Errors Due toScaling

Many electronic chart positional discrepancies that are observed today originate from
graphical chart compilation techniques of the past. The manual application of survey data of
varying scales to the fixed chart scale was a source of error that often introduced
biases. In the past, source information at large scales would often have to be reduced with a
copy machine so it could be overlaid and transferred to the master version of the chart. Today,
when NOAA survey crews and contractors obtain DGPS positions on prominent shoreline
features, and compare those positions to the chart, biases may be found that are on the order
of 2 millimeters at the scale of the chart (e.g., 20 meters on 1:10,000-scale chart). High
accuracy aerial photography reveals similar discrepancies between the true shoreline and the
charted shoreline. It stands to reason that other important features such as dredged channel
limits and navigational aids also exhibit these types of biases. Unfortunately, on any given
chart, the magnitude and the direction of these discrepancies will vary in different areas of the
chart. Therefore, no systematic adjustment can easily be performed that will improve the
inherent accuracy of the paper or electronic chart. (ntl.bts.gov/)

Module 2
Lesson 2 - Watch keeping with ECDIS

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

1. Discuss errors affecting the performance of ECDIS in the open sea
2. Explain what the accuracy of chart data is dependent upon
3. Assess all errors, inaccuracies and ambiguities caused by improper data management
4. Introduced the organization of chart data distribution
5. Demonstrate the loading of ECDIS data
6. Explain the performance limits of devices for the position, course overground
7. Explain and analyze various sensors alarms and indications
2.6Information Layers
Units, Data Layers, and Calculations ECDIS uses the following units of measure: (msi.nga.mil/)
• Position: Latitude and longitude will be shown in degrees, minutes, and decimal minutes, normally based on WGS-
84 datum.
• Depth: Depths will be indicated in meters and decimeters.
• Height: Meters
• Distance: Nautical miles and tenths, or meters
• Speed: Knots and tenths ECDIS requires data layers to establish a priority of data displayed.
The minimum number of Information categories required and their relative priority from highest to lowest are
listed below:
• ECDIS warnings and messages
• Hydrographic office data
• Notice to Mariners information
• Hydrographic office cautions
• Hydrographic office color-fill area data
• Hydrographic office on demand data
• Radar information
• User’s data
• Manufacturer’s data
• User’s color-fill area data
• Manufacturer’s color-fill area data
a. Reviewing and Applying Appropriate Day/Night Palette, Display
ECDIS allows the mariner to change the color palette that is used to display an ENC. Three different color tables have
been designed to provide the maximum clarity and contrast between features on the display under three different
lighting conditions on the bridge, namely Day, Dusk and Night. Each symbol is rendered in a different color
appropriate for the lighting condition that the color table is meant for. This design provides maximum contrast for the
display on a sunny day, as well as preserving night vision on a dimly lit bridge in the evening. This allows the mariner
to look back and forth between the chart on the ECDIS display and out to sea through the bridge window without the
mariner’s eyes needing to readjust to a difference in light intensity.
• The Day Color Table, meant to be used in bright sunlight, uses a white background for deep water and looks the
most like a traditional paper chart.
• The Dusk Color Table uses a black background for deep water and colors are subdued, but slightly brighter than
those used in the Night Color Table.
• The Night Color Table, meant to be used in the darkest conditions, uses a black background for deep water and muted
color shades for other features. The images on the right portray Nantucket Island using each of the three color tables. The
symbols shown in the remainder of this document use the day color palette. : (msi.nga.mil/)
b. Observing Effect on Information Layers and Status Indications when Chart Data is Loaded and when Chart
Area
- Determine native scale of chart data as it is loaded
- Observe function of SCAMIN on and off when acquired chart area is underscaled (zoomed too far out)
- Observe indication of scale value - Layers additional to ENC must not be excessive so as to obscure the standard
display is Under scaled(webcache.googleusercontent.com)
c. Difference between Information layers, User’s chart layers and event graphic Information Layers -
Determine native scale of chart data as it is loaded
User’s Chart Layer - The addition and removal of own chart entries such as manual corrections and voyage
planning notes EX-2 Simulator exercise-open sea. (webcache.googleusercontent.com)
Event Graphic - Information categories required and their relative priority from highest to lowest are listed below:
• ECDIS warnings and messages
• Hydrographic office data
• Notice to Mariners information
• Hydrographic office cautions
• Hydrographic office color-fill area data
• Hydrographic office on demand data
• Radar information
• User’s data
• Manufacturer’s data
• User’s color-fill area data
• Manufacturer’s color-fill area data
2.7System and Position Alarm
a. Identifying and Responding to Alarms for Primary and Secondary Positioning Systems Identify and
respond to alarms for primary and secondary positioning systems, such us: -Primary (secondary) failure of the system
- Primary (secondary)diff. mode loss
- Prim/sec. pos. diverge ( deviate or separate ) (webcache.googleusercontent.com)
b. Identifying and Responding to ECDIS Alarms from Autopilot in Track Control
Identify and respond to chart related alarms, such us:
Off chart - No official data
Datum unknown - AG(anti-grounding)monitoring off (webcache.googleusercontent.com)
2.8Depth and Contours Alarms
a. Describing Router Monitoring Alarms Route monitoring alarms , such as:
- Crossing a safety contour
- Prohibited or other area
- Track error allowance (XTE)
- Waypoint arrival circle
- Safety contour changed (webcache.googleusercontent.com)
Check: Ensure that Route Alarms are configured correctly.
Action: Check that the following Alarms are configured appropriately:
- End of Route Alarm Off
- Out of XTD Alarm On
- Out of Schedule Alarm (configure as necessary)
- WPT Approach Alarm On (set appropriate value)
- Off Leg Course Alarm On (configure as necessary) (witherbypublishinggroup.com) b.Identifying Depth-related
Information
- Safe water depth - Depth sounder related alarms
- Depth from sounder - Depth value of safety contour (webcache.googleusercontent.com)
2.9Coastal Waters (Chart Display Setting)
a. Demonstration of the Correct Coastal Water Chart Display (https://www.google.com.ph/)

2.9 Vessel Maneuvering Characteristics

a. Verifying Positioning especially when ECDIS is connected to Autopilot
- Generally, only “observe position” is controlled - Where an ECDIS curved predictor is provided, caution to be
Exercised as it may only project a momentary rate of turn, rather than sophisticated hydrodynamic calculations, and
Therefore have limited accuracy (webcache.googleusercontent.com)
b. Determining Methods of Alert for Wheel over when Approaching Waypoints
Determine methods of alert for wheel over when approaching waypoints, such as:
- Turn radius maneuvering characteristics of own ship apply to curved track in ECDIS route planning
- Arrival circle centered on waypoint with circumference intersecting wheel over point on ECDIS route
(webcache.googleusercontent.com)
3.1Vessel Maneuvering Characteristics
a. Verifying Positioning especially when ECDIS is connected to Autopilot
- Generally, only “observe position” is controlled - Where an ECDIS curved predictor is provided, caution to be
exercised as it may only project a momentary rate of turn, rather than sophisticated hydrodynamic calculations, and
therefore have limited accuracy (webcache.googleusercontent.com)
 b. Determining Methods of Alert for Wheel over when Approaching Waypoints
Determine methods of alert for wheel over when approaching waypoints, such as:
- Turn radius maneuvering characteristics of own ship apply to curved track in ECDIS route planning
- Arrival circle centered on waypoint with circumference intersecting wheel over point on ECDIS route
(webcache.googleusercontent.com)
3.2Route Planning by Table
Route display setup
Check: Ensure that the display is configured for Route Monitoring. Action: Configure the following
parameters appropriately:
- Headline
- COG Vector
- HDG Vector
- Ship by Contour or Symbol
- Align by HDG
- Course/Leg/Speed On
- XTD On
- Arrival Circle Off
- Radius On
- WPT Names On (witherbypublishinggroup.com)
a. Retrieving a Stored Plan
- For use in route monitoring
- For planning and review (webcache.googleusercontent.com)
b. Constructing a Route Plan by Inputting Waypoint Data Alphanumerically into a Route Planning Table
Waypoint selection
Check: Ensure that the correct Waypoint information is being displayed. Action: Check that the following
are configured correctly:
- Waypoint Selection Auto or Manual
- Arrival Circle Auto or Manual
- Radius Auto or Manual
- Track History On (set appropriate value)
- Secondary Track On. (witherbypublishinggroup.com)
c. Establishing Procedures to Name, Link, Rename, Archive, Retrieve and Data Route Files
3.3Route Planning by Chart (https://www.google.com.ph/)

a. Selecting the Sea Areas and the Required Waters for Planning the Whole
Passage b. Obtaining Track Courses and Distances from the Chart c. Obtaining
Relevant Route Planning Information
 3.4Track Limits
a. Reviewing the Alarm Setting used as a Vessel Proceeding along a Monitored Route
- Deviation of the current course angle as set in planned route
- xte(cross track error)exceeds the value set in the route data table
- Guard vector for crossing safety contour
- Guard vector for entering special purpose areas - Guard ring for crossing an isolated danger
(webcache.googleusercontent.com)
b. Modifying the Setting XTE in Previously Saved Route
- Re-check the route for crossing danger of navigation according to the setting of XTE zones
- Observe the alarm triggering while proceeding along the modified route leg
- Examine results graphically on appropriate scale chart data (webcache.googleusercontent.com)

3.5Checking Plan for Safety

a. Checking a Previously Created and Saved Route for Crossing Dangers of Navigation according to
the
Setting-track Distance
b. assessing a Route Plan Based on a Safety Check
Ex. Simulator exercise – coastal & restricted waters (navigational arms & route scheduling

3.6Additional Navigational Information

a. Discussing Various Hydro-meteorological Data that could be available in the ECDIS Database (tides
current, weather, etc.)
3.7Coastal and Restricted Waters (https://www.google.com.ph/

a. Identifying the Coastal and Restricted Waters

3.8Route Schedules
a. Observing Calculations of Progress along the Planned Route
b. Using the ETA Application in ECDIS, Calculating Time or Speed at a Selected Waypoint on a
Monitored Route
 3.9Use Charts and Route Planning
a. Reviewing the ECDIS Function for creating Mariner’s Notes (user’s chart)
b. Determining Policy Regarding User’s Chart
c. Creating, Saving and Moving an Anchor Circle Guard Zone on a User Chart
- An anchor circle can include a “danger” attribute triggered by the ECDIS Consistent Common Reference Point
(CCRP)
- The diameter should represent the maximum swing circle of the vessel
- The User Chart anchor circle should be positioned on the vessel’s hawse pipe at the moment the anchor is let
go
- Anchor Guard Zone functions provided on ECDIS (as on GNSS units) generally do not reference the
position of the
Vessels