JSS MAHAVIDYAPEETHA

JSS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

SRI JAYACHAMARAJENDRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
JSS Technical Institution’s Campus, Mysuru – 570006

Atmospheric Environmental Engineering – 20EV520

EVENT – 2

Tittle: ANALYSIS AND MAPPING OF AIR

POLLUTION
USING GIS APPROACH

Under the Supervision of

Mrs. SAVITHA ULAVI
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of Environmental Engineering,
SJCE, Mysuru.

Name USN
Prathvi S. kundar 01JST20EV033
Preethu S 01JST20EV035
Sonuchandrashekar 01JST20EV037
 ANALYSIS AND MAPPING OF AIR POLLUTION
USING GIS APPROACH

ABSTRACT:
Air Pollution is a highly intensifying issue in Bengaluru which is engulfing almost each and
every corner of the city mostly due to the human activities like rapid industrialization, increased
vehicular activity leading to enormous amount of fuel consumption and all other activities like
construction, power generation and rather all other anthropogenic activities. Cities encourage
high human exposure to the harmful substances due to the escalated population and continuous
vehicular activity.
Assessment of the impact of air quality effects on plants, animals, natural ecosystems,
ecosystems and human health is important. Air quality management include monitoring and
analysis of pollutant concentration, spatial distribution of pollutant concentration, and
assessment of no. of environmental factors affected by air pollutants and preparation of health
risk map. GIS is very useful for assessment of air quality. GIS has been used in the present
study to map the various pollution data and analyze the areas which are most affected by what
type of pollutant and subsequent conclusions drawn.

INTRODUCTION:
• The quality of the air is very vital to our health and to all other living beings. The
contamination in air can cause various health hazards and there is a major risk of
chronic and respiratory diseases. Geo spatial Technologies operate and manage spatial
and statistical data and provide us with the results giving us the correlation between the
air quality and human health. So Geo spatial Technologies can be widely used for
monitoring air quality.
• “Air quality once lost cannot be restored within a short period of time. Air Pollutants
are harmful to everyone, not just to people who are susceptible to breathing problems.”
The decrease in green spaces and the increase in concrete cover also play a major role
in the deterioration of air quality. Creating awareness among the public is one of the
effective solution to this problem.

OBJECTIVE:

• To identify the locality in Bengaluru city which are beyond the limits defined by NAAQ
Standard value prescribed by CPCB.
• To map the various pollution data and analyze the areas which are most affected by
what type of pollutant and subsequent conclusions drawn for making the Bengaluru city
a safe and sustainable area.
STUDY AREA:
Bengaluru, a 400 years old city, is the state capital of Karnataka, India, with a population of
around 11.64 million. The latitude and longitude coordinates of Bengaluru city are 12.9716º
and 77.5946º respectively.
CPCB and the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board located 9 monitoring stations to track
pollution levels across the city i.e; BTM Layout, Bapuji Nagar, Hombegowda Nagar,
Jayanagar 5th block, City Railway station, Hebbal, Silk Board, Peenya and BWSSB
Kadubeesanahalli are where the pollution is monitored in Bengaluru city.

Fig : Study Area

Fig : Monitoring Stations in Bengaluru

METHODOLOGY:

1) Collection of air quality data:

The air quality data is collected from the Karnataka pollution control board and entered
into the excel sheets. The areas of monitoring for air pollution in Bengaluru city are
around 9 of which some monitoring areas take the readings of only few gases that have
an effect on the air quality. The data are entered in the excel sheet along with the latitude
and longitudinal details of the monitoring stations.

2) Adding the data to the GIS software:

The GIS software used here in this project is Q-GIS. The shapefile Map (source: K-
GIS) is used for further procedure of mapping. The excel sheet of the air quality data
with the latitude and longitudinal details is added to the software and the file is right
clicked to give the X-axis for longitudes and Y- axis for the latitudes which creates a
point file locating the sampling stations in the form of point features.

Fig : Input shapefile map of Bengaluru Urban

3) Creation a shape files and Thiessen polygons:

The added point file is converted into a shape file forming polygons of sampling
stations but the air quality data is taken at a particular place. So to consider the value
taken for a pollutant for the entire region, Thiessen polygons are created which assigns
the value to the entire polygon which is near to it making the analysis easy and to
compare the variation.
 Fig : Point file is converted into a Thiessen polygon

4) Creation of Thematic maps:

Thematic maps are prepared for the pollutants under study. These maps helps in
comparing the variation of a pollutant through a period of three years and helps to
analyse the reason of increase or decrease in value and giving an opportunity for the
decision makers to identify ways in which the increasing pollutant value can be
controlled.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:

It is clearly observed that all types of pollutants are in increasing trend across Hyderabad except
in few places. Various queries are performed in GIS to identify the localities which are beyond
the permissible limits defined by NAAQ Standard Values prescribed by CPCB: PM2.5 -
40µg/m3, PM10 - 60µg/m3, NO2 - 40µg/m3, SO2 - 50µg/m3 [ANNUAL AVERAGE]

PM2.5
- PM2.5 concentrations are within the defined limits for the stations Peenya, Hebbal,
City Railway Station, Bapujinagar, Hombegowda nagar, Jayanagar, Silk Board,
but it is observed that it is increasing yearly except Bapujinagar and Silk Board.
- PM2.5 concentrations are not within the defined limits the stations BTM Layout
and BWSSB Kadabesanahalli.

PM10
- PM10 concentration is much higher than the CPCB prescribed values which is to
be noticed and it is increasing yearly except Bapujinagar, Jayanagar, BTM layout
and Silk board.

NO2
- NO2 concentration is within the limits in most of the localities except City railway
station and Bapujinagar.
SO2
- SO2 concentration is within the defined limits, but it is observed that it is
increasing yearly except Peenya and Silk Board.

AQI
- Bengaluru’s AQI is increasing yearly except for Bapujinagar, Jayanagar, BTM
Layout and Silk Board.

TABLE 1: Bangalore Ambient Air Quality Monitoring - Average values of PM2.5 in µg/m3
S.No Satation Name 2018 2019 2020
1 BTM Layout 37.8939 44.6565 25.9174
2 BWSSB 28.0062 46.9265 43.9162
kadabesanahalli
3 Bapuji Nagar 38.5364 37.9032 26.7348
4 City Railway Station 28.0063 27.3874 28.4763
5 Hebbal 24.2828 31.1974 27.6974
6 Hombegowda Nagar 26.7493 27.3874 28.4763
th
7 Jayanagar 5 Block 37.9414 31.0853 31.0887
8 Peenya 39.2153 38.9029 38.7514
9 Silk Board 37.5134 31.9386 28.2840

TABLE 2: Bangalore Ambient Air Quality Monitoring – Average values of PM10 in

µg/m3
S.No Satation Name 2018 2019 2020
1 BTM Layout 82.5728 78.4009 59.7008
2 BWSSB 124.5342 125.6681 101.5451
kadabesanahalli
3 Bapuji Nagar 82.5728 78.4009 59.7008
4 City Railway Station 124.5342 125.6681 101.5451
5 Hebbal 52.0336 66.3222 65.6189
6 Hombegowda Nagar 59.4952 66.3384 63.5414
7 Jayanagar 5th Block 81.0695 78.0108 69.8099
8 Peenya 52.0036 66.3384 73.3944
9 Silk Board 102.283 82.6982 73.3946

TABLE 3: Bangalore Ambient Air Quality Monitoring – Average values of NO2 in µg/m3
S.No Satation Name 2018 2019 2020
1 BTM Layout 25.8554 18.9686 25.4707
2 BWSSB 28.4591 24.7721 25.3999
kadabesanahalli
3 Bapuji Nagar 35.7228 42.7471 25.9937
4 City Railway Station 37.2903 44.8566 35.4326
5 Hebbal 19.7934 25.3523 14.3100
6 Hombegowda Nagar 32.9569 17.1938 17.5438
th
7 Jayanagar 5 Block 37.0151 32.2820 29.9107
8 Peenya 23.4667 28.0870 16.2871
9 Silk Board 28.5711 38.0481 16.6229
TABLE 4: Bangalore Ambient Air Quality Monitoring - Average values of SO2 in µg/m3
S.No Satation Name 2018 2019 2020
1 BTM Layout 7.0958 4.9687 6.3758
2 BWSSB 4.6786 5.4891 7.0132
kadabesanahalli
3 Bapuji Nagar 8.0978 5.6663 9.1408
4 City Railway Station 8.6407 8.2840 8.6234
5 Hebbal 3.9595 6.2358 9.4760
6 Hombegowda Nagar 6.6162 5.6012 10.9551
7 Jayanagar 5th Block 7.8878 4.0230 4.6262
8 Peenya 7.6325 4.9207 3.5779
9 Silk Board 7.2115 4.7171 2.5559

TABLE 5: Bangalore Ambient Air Quality Monitoring - Average values of AQI

S.No Satation Name 2018 2019 2020
1 BTM Layout 94.8853 95.1253 71.1703
2 BWSSB 77.2867 106.1869 116.8149
kadabesanahalli
3 Bapuji Nagar 93.6141 100.5901 84.6344
4 City Railway Station 122.4041 119.1429 100.9462
5 Hebbal 60.9697 84.9408 74.5852
6 Hombegowda Nagar 82.8248 84.5391 82.6060
7 Jayanagar 5th Block 93.7847 94.4879 79.2095
8 Peenya 72.6412 85.4362 73.3352
9 Silk Board 109.6627 97.7863 74.8362

GIS MAPS:
GIS Maps are prepared for PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 for the years 2018, 2019 and 2020 and
identified the localities in which pollution standards are beyond permissible limits.
CONCLUSSION:
1. Air pollution is the increasing trend in the city of Bengaluru.
2. GIS helps in preparing maps of variations of various pollutants and present it in a
easily understandable manner.
3. It becomes very easy for the decision makers to identify which localities are affected
by which type of pollutant and decide upon suitable remedial measures.
4. In the present study variations of Particulate Matter, SO2, NO2, has been studied and
thematic maps are prepared using GIS for better understanding and further analysis.
5. The air quality index was better and the concentrations of the above mentioned
parameters is decreased from 2019 to 2020 data, it is because the city has been able to
hold on to most of the air quality gains made during the lockdown in 2020.

GUIDELINES FOR PUBLIC:

The following are some of the best practices that are to be followed to maintain/ improve the
Air Quality;
1. Avoid using private vehicles, bikes and instead use public transports viz., Public
Buses and Metro services.
2. Encourage carpool and use smaller vehicles.
3. Construction projects shall compulsorily put up enclosures and barriers around their
project and carry out regular water sprinkling to suppress dust. Air purifier can also be
installed to mitigate dust pollution.
4. Road dust management by using mechanized road sweeping and water sprinkling
system, etc.
5. Avoid open burning of garbage wastes, tree leaves, branches, trash, tyres etc.,
especially near roadsides, lakes & water bodies, open ground, vacant land & Parks.
6. Implementing aforestration.
7. Avoid using gas powered lawn and garden equipments.

REFERENCE:
• Vaddiraju Shivachandra, International Journal of research in advent technology,
2019(7).
• E Bozyazi, et al, Analysis and mapping of air pollution using a GIS approach,
2000(8).