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Understanding the Text 1, Wha toe main pe of souks Jot authors ety? Ge one ‘angle fae pe 2, cording tone Dds, what ve forces hot topeber te dominant cute (tie nes Ste Reflection and Response ‘onan espn lpg sc Oo ou ae? Wy oh Te Don fre ‘zoe ot knercanconeon et Whom woul ou ado Tat? ‘Why? Dari atest tree peop 5. Taman tt Gana ng ota ata t nar {ermal na caalneanng Tho onsite whee ‘Sorc thesyraoiom ote hme oat. Makiog Comectons f theboudort oe conen ote gan ath et ‘Sapo. Chose ene rte sues mts box ond acs feet ner re goip potent nanan ce Come ‘neers fomaton, evel helasing tots, ary on ma Les Heyoos has contovted it the ea on the ooytldng community. A protessor st SUNY Brighton, Mopreodhasathrea nine from Building Otherwise: Bodybuilding as Immersive Practice Soverhsemacinn | Leslie Heywood academe seis of ports aod lara aeons bodyouldng asa precon of Aaah \decogs of woes dominance an nti owe. [uitsnaratec tt mate heen cis) hat competi terol based body-bultng and is long-term detrimental health effets can be read asa symecdache for globalization and its “grow oF ie” Imperatives that ignote externalities such 3 long-term environmental ‘damages: 2) that bodybuilding was moe fll part ofthe mainsteat | thelate1980saty 1990s than it now for spclic economic nd ea } tara easons and tha, ya strangely itera ernment of the economic ‘soba etish with capital growth bodybuilders now ser ikea historia ‘tachronism, oat of sep with more atte tines the New Austen" fmphasis allows us to explore the potentiality of bodyviing in ‘ferent moda: tat of immersive practic | But Before the “Goodbye to All That": Postmodern | Fantasy, American Exceptionalism, and the ‘Transcendence of the Flesh at aspted 1 describe the eof rac {he lision of content, the “image everything” rush of consumerism that characterized the deregulated 1940 4 deregulation that ushered Inthe ea of “globalization” and that preached an eat of image i nothing else. Everyday was afr of theater, people playing wth sg fers to maketh ook present the mesage of the da, image ofthe dy, “self ofthe dy. A canta of surfaces, a "be-all that-yu-cate" fs for al Postmodern theory pronounced the death of thes the author, and that eveything was text—thit san endlessly earangeable collet ofsigns that had no aed pedeteraiate pattem or shape, and ths was the te nature of elit according to this mode of conception. The pet fect word forthe emergence ofthe bodybuilder 383 dominant cultural ‘mage, and bodybuilding a3 mainstream practice That’ when hit me,” Fussell writes, desrbing his reactions to his ‘eto bodybuilders as he ate and fed a ited down with the bes of them, Aad theater. Every word they uttered, every move they made seemed reer ohne, fat, a ay peformance i sen on stage That {splined oh pregnant pass tf dering thee knew from the mag ‘zines Line ke You got tay unr. oF a wk ar, oo tings wl Papen tc of eng oii gmc eat is at is A very iteral form of “play” in which your own body ts the «onstruction ste the bodybuilders dream is the dream of endlessly reatrangeable flesh, the manipulation ofthe material without limits, theultimate victory over *nature™ “while my legs spasmed through the night, writes Pssel “V/ dream oor Mata the so-called “Golden Fal rly desig the ays pono soy ines ‘more than ay othe bodybuilder, [Platz had given p everthing to vers ‘he course of nature He hd ben born witha miserable srr, hs ips nasty tough st rt of 315 squats or 0 sight ps, hgh ‘ruining seston interes with vomit ant ln, Ton he thes te You don’ ke the body you were bon with? You don’ ike he shape buted? That's ok, tha’ just ie ‘cause you can physically remake Youset however you'd like. Here Fussell gts atthe way the concept af postadern plasticity combines vith ealetMeologis of seltdetermination ideologies intins o the Jnyger cultural dreamy of American exceptionalism —to cca a ultra context in which bodybulding could lou fora time “ina beliant analysts of the ideology of Amencan exceptional, | ltrary clr enti Donald Pease dtins that exceptions” as" American exceptionalism has bo taken o mean the America fs “stint? rd so “expla ws of historical progress (meaning that i i an “exception” to the laws anu Pehaps most fluent tothe American pyehe “the bei that the US. was unencumbered by Barope’ histone traditions” bids 11). While the deste fora sense of personal sovereignty and pe ‘bodybuilders may have universal infections there may Bes pater (a Gt es Teas eae nents as adr RepEneRE ART MERITS Exes ALTA FAIA rebin Sd— *Amercannes for bodybuilding in that the Keology fantasy of Amer ican exceptionalism has parallel with a bodybuilders preoccupatio The bodybuilder who seeks to cape his senetic somatotype and remake bit ology of American exceptonaitsm sought w exc the poles seca, nd Individual boay fom ts European, and puticlasy British, antecedents” and Sart again a new foundation, the caler ‘on with breaking fe fom the past starting to bid anew i one tat hasbeen diet imported nto body. Duulding psychology and sbcuitare Anomalous” exemplary, and unencumbered these three adj tives ae hey destiptors of bodybuilding lore, absolutely centeal 10 tis about the tunamental project bodybutlding becomes. Ax Fussell tlre he attitude he and is fellow bers share: want to ook Uke Somhing you've never seen bone". Is saying, of rather seaming, tht is worked had fr, achieve, an undeniable difeence encoded in the leah A diference worth, apparently, compromising ane’ longterm heath, aod even dying fo: tokd mysel that taking steroids was au Ing what vs peralied to ordinary mortals, Iwas my own alchemist, 1 Sait, ansmoting the base meal of nye the dros, nto gold” (bid 22), Transimting the ow nto gol, bling a phys that a tc ort dlference, exe on the sical laws that limi the deve ‘opment of others, providing a physic ial to which others ena 0 Should aspire, Fell enacts te hndametal exceptional drama ofthe body nuke, neatly combining its ferent strands into alvin, breath “(here may be a particular “Amarcanness" for body bulangin that the ideology! fantasy of American exceptionalism has paralels with a bodyouider's proce cupation wit diteence from the masses." HenvooD fam Gulag Obeviso 208 isorialy speaking bodybullting began at dhe tu ofthe twentieth century, was mainstreamed inthe 1980s when Arnal Sehwnarencgger 35 The Terminator became the masculine ical, and began to fallout ff favor atthe en ofthe 1980s, when on amas seale gyms conve themselves to “tts centers” and no grunting’ came a ites center rule. Atmy own gym, my talming partners ana {were eptimanded by the gym ower for letting the loca ewspaper take a pict of us ale Ing fora ttessatcle—we were “tow big” he si. He was runing a fines center, not a gym, and hed’ want to intinkate anyone We talked about it nelgnantly for days, bat we knew our days mere num bere, Now, chains such a Planet Hiness matket 9 “no dent zone” here supposedly everyone can ean without being evaluated forthe ‘quality of thew physique, and grunting fom the strain of liting heavy ‘weights is explcly frbidden sn gyn rales. The bie tnoment of ody. bunling hegemony was dad "Grow or Dio": Economic and Bodily Imperatives in the Late Twentieth Century This wajectory wasn't random, arses following te expansion fhe loa economy and ergustion andthe relents empha conomic growth expt externalities, Like a loal economy fone wld cmmedup stan, any bodybuilders eopecally competitive Dut a nape Inge a nt ah a ‘ phamaceuteas nthe efor to pum themes up And pump they ‘id—boaybuiders in the 1990s and tough to today Deeme stot inh righ ots a ing hohe ee Coleman, who more than 20 sn contest shape Even Douers theme are quting this direction Note how ESPN shower of Bing sows Bk th 80 a arty 9%. Tan the To ight ado wl wate pce et eet antes ad poe Bd nD. Ou sprt hs bays eo a sae {ue but wit the mass monsters of ada tk out every Chace we ha saceed and make Podyutins mainste 1k thi ant, ease ‘dying i ota normal ati aad ha prof wy Tove tan i's special tomes ot for copa Person hie the mas motes hese {ses ot new goals which ne you could gor [eM shows tha ps ome tee tat fDi fns the tr aru se Somewhat good a whan comes the genau we ae taking ten tps Ick (Bigcles, “Dn The Wood of Baahbulding, Hew Bi is TB?” hp ones comin pihnsc0.m ase Jae 1 2010) “Te general public which may have embraced extreme masculaity as an dea more in the mi-1980s through mid-1990s than does to, hatesits. Aware of and sympathetic tothe kind of stigmatization bodybuilders face, Lee Monaghan’ tady of the knowledge speci to bodybuilding subculture attempts 1 put bodybullding drug use Into perspective the reported global “abuse” of sterouts among sym members — ‘roma ith te spp thin of eee aa wily cose dager ‘sunt pogroms “bead” smyth he pa ek taken pe ae Win Ws lei ad pp dae ach ‘dein tle orf in hema ad pse anger ond of gtd Pl ot sty appt ut oa de ‘dupe the prot of Bere cos mee ntl ey gsc 1 the ie ny, ad cada to Mane te mari of ey fn “excessively” musa fmte ode i i amore cae aston the Spon an pt of omar sing rss anh pork {or ths bods tgs the mate i of "fing ody ‘As Monaghan so convincingly shows, bouybuiders are well sare ‘of public perceptions and exist in perpetual dialogue with them even 2 they pride in thee diference from dominant standards, Monaghan’ Study “explores the sustainability ofthe sky” practice of bodybuilding 4s paricipants endeavor to construct and maintain appropiate bodes {ud dents (Monaghan 2000 2), ‘As Managhsn points ou, "bodybuilders ae fa trom a monolithic

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