Integrated Intelligent Research (IIR) International Journal of Web

Technology
Volume: 02 Issue: 01 June 2013 Page
No.25-27
ISSN: 2278-2389

Image Compression Using Discrete Cosine

Transform & Discrete Wavelet Transform
Mr.Anurag Tiwari1 Payal Chandrakant2, Tripti2, Surabhi Chaudhary2, Anil Kumar Shukla2
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
2
Research Scholar,Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering,
Kanpur Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA.
Email : aktitmg2007@gmail.com

Abstract -This research paper presents a proposed method for

the compression of medical images using hybrid compression
technique (DWT, DCT and Huffman coding). The objective
of this hybrid scheme is to achieve higher compression rates
by first applying DWT and DCT on individual i.e. all the values of x which are less than threshold t are
components RGB. After applying this image is quantized to equated to zero.
calculate probability index for each unique quantity so as to II. SOFT THRESHOLD
find out the unique binary code for each unique symbol for
their encoding. Finally the Huffman compression is applied. In this case, all the coefficients x lesser than threshold t are
Results show that the coding performance can be significantly mapped to zero. Then t is subtracted from all x ¸ t. This
improved by the hybrid DWT, DCT and Huffman coding condition is depicted by the following equation:
algorithm.

Keywords- Image compression, hybrid, quantization, DWT,

DCT, Huffman encoding, medical image.

I. INTRODUCTION

In a digital true- color images, each color component is

quantized with 8 bits, and so a color is specified with 24 bits.
As a result, there are 2^24 possible colors for the image.
Furthermore, a color image usually contains a lot of data
redundancy and requires a large amount of storage space. In
order to lower the transmission and storage cost, image Fig: A Quantized Technique Can Be Applied On
compression is desired. Most color images are recorded in Few/All Of These Final Sub Images To Get The Compression
RGB model, which is the most well known color model.
However, RGB model is not suited for image processing
purpose. For compression, a luminance-chrominance
representation is considered superior to the RGB
representation. Therefore, RGB images are transformed to
one of the luminance-chrominance models, performing the
compression process, and then transform back to RGB model
because displays are most often provided output image with
direct RGB model.

Discrete wavelet Transform: Discrete Cosine Transform

For the compression of image, firstly the DWT is applied on
the image using Thresholding value. Threshold values
neglects the certain wavelet coefficients.for doing this one has
to decide the value of threshold. Value of thresholf affects the
quality of compresed image. Thresolding can be of two types:
Hard threshold: If x is the set of wavelet coeficients, then
threshold value t is given by,
discrete Fourier transform: it transforms a signal or image
from the spatial domain to the frequency The discrete cosine
transform (DCT) helps separate the image into parts (or
spectral sub-bands) of differing importance (with respect to
the image's visual quality). The DCT is similar to the domain.
A discrete cosine transform (DCT) expresses a sequence of
finitely many data points in terms of a sum of cosine
functions oscillating at different frequencies. DCTs are
important to numerous applications in science and
engineering, from lossy

25
Integrated Intelligent Research (IIR) International Journal of Web Technology
Volume: 02 Issue: 01 June 2013 Page No.21-24
ISSN: 2278-2389

compression of audio (e.g. MP3) and images (e.g. JPEG) Threshold detail coefficients
(where small high-frequency components can be discarded), For each level from 1 to N, a threshold is selected and hard
to spectral for the numerical solution of partial differential thresholding is applied to the detail coefficients
equations. The use of cosine rather than sine functions is .
critical in these applications: for compression, it turns out that Reconstruct
cosine functions are much more efficient (as described below, Compute wavelet reconstruction using the original
fewer are needed to approximate a typical signal), whereas for approximation coefficients of level N and the modified detail
differential equations the cosines express a particular choice coefficients of levels from 1 to N.
of boundary conditions. In particular, a DCT is a Fourier-
related transform similar to the discrete Fourier transform
(DFT), but using only real numbers. DCTs are equivalent to
DFTs of roughly twice the length, operating on real data with
even symmetry (since the Fourier transform of a real and even
function is real and even), where in some variants the input
and/or output data are shifted by half a sample. There are
eight standard DCT variants, of which four are common

The Result Of Taking The Dct. The Numbers In Red Are The
Coefficients That Fall Below The Specified Threshol

III. IMAGE QUALITYEVOLUTION

Image quality is measured using signal to noise

ratio(PSNR)And mean square error(MSE) represent the
cumulative Squared error between the compressed and the
original Image .the lower value of MSE, the lower and
better Picture quality.

To calculate PSNR Peak Signal –to-noise ratio is the ratio

between the maximum possible power of a signal to the
power of corrupting noise that affects the fidelity of its
representation.

Comparative Study of DCT & DWT

Table 1. shows comparative study between DCT and DWT in
terms of PSNR (in Bb) and MSE at different threshold values
for different test images. A plot between PSNR and threshold
is drawn for different test images as shown in Fig.4 which
shows that the performance of DCT is almost similar to DWT
at lower threshold values but for higher threshold DWT gives
gives better visual image quality than DCT

IV. CONCLUSION

Comprassion Analysis Between DWT and DCT In this paper a comparison of PSNR values for 8x8 DCT
( BASIS FUNCTION OF 8X8 DCT MATRIX) gives similar results as DWT but for higher threshold,the
quality of images compressed using DWT slowly
The steps of the proposed compression algorithm based on degrades,while the quality of 8x8 DCT compressed images
DWT are described below: deteriorates rapidly. At lower threshold DCT should be used
Decompose but at higher threshold DCT cannot be used because of poor
Choose a wavelet; choose a level N. Compute the wavelet. image quality.There are noticeable blocking artifacts in the
Decompose the signals at level N. DCT images at higher threshold values.However,DWT
maintains good visual quality at high threshold.
26
 Integrated Intelligent Research (IIR) International Journal of Web
Technology
Volume: 02 Issue: 01 June 2013 Page
No.25-27
ISSN: 2278-2389

(a)
Figure 5: Comparison Of Visual Image Quality Of
Reconstructed Image For Dct And Dwt For Test Images (A)
Cameraman For Threshold 30 (B) Lena For Threshold 40
(C) Elaine For Threshold 60 (D) Woman For Threshold 70
(E) Woman Dark Hair

REFREENCES
[1] Sonja Grgic,Mislav Gric,”Performance Analysis of Image Compression
Using Wavelets,”IEEE transcations on industrial
electronics,vol.48,no.3,June 2001
[2] Kamrul Hasan Talukder and Koichi Hrada,”Discrete Transform for
Image Compression and A Model of Parallel Image Compreesion
Scheme for Formal Verification”,Proceedings of the world Congress on
Engineering 2007 Vol1,WCE 2007,July 2-4,2007,London,UK.
[3] Kamrul Hasan Talukder and Koichi Hrada,”Haar Wavelet Based
Approach for Image Compression and Quality Assessment of
Compressed Image,”IAENG International Journal of Applied
Mathematics,36:1,IJAM 36 1 9,Advance omline publication: 1 February
2007
[4] Javed Akhtar,Dr Muhammad Younus Javed.”Image Compression with
Comparison Of Psnr Values At Different Thresholds For Dct Different Types of Wavelets”,IEEE-ICET 2006 2nd international
And Dwt For Test Images (A) Cameraman (B) Lena conference on emerging technologies,Peshawar,Pakistan13-14
November 2006.
(C)Woman (D) Woman Dark Hair (E) Elaine [5] Nikolay Ponomarenko,Vladimir Lukin, Karen Egiazarian,Jaakko
Astola,”DCT Based High Quality Image Compression”,Proceedings of
14th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis,SCIA 2005,Joensuu,
Finland.
[6] DannyBlanco,Elliot Ng,Charlie Ice,BryanGrandy,”Compression-
Dropping
theDCTCOEFFICIENTS”Connexionsmodule:m13173,Version1.6:Dec21
,20054:17pmUS/Centralyhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
[7] K.Sarita,V.Ritu,Meel V.S”Performance Analysis of Image Compression
with Different Wavelet Families,”2nd National Conference Mathematical
Techniques:Emerging Paradigms for Electronics and IT
Industries,September 26-28,2008, MATEIT-2008,New Delhi

27