bee vine 4. Po oe Oe Met Pe ee Aa there Ae Ai 782 ome the Squame matin. of TAL Same onlen «Wen fon ap Said to be te madmie polymormeat . Note” dnl — e Aga The depmen of the mahric potynomic aan foo ew fu) = ( tee te™ an pes yee = Len ON pap om ye nan Le om rine = [io [ales (2) G2) AO S Wes — LULL polynomial ¢ oe R. Simple polyrrmial * lek fe y= Cor Gm tert enn Here Ge, GreeyOn ame Cowrtants . Then fun) 4? stud be he the Seple po memial . Fon Je: oe as le-A= {ot @ ). Now, oS tan ° ° A-xT 4 = oO. in ° oo pe [Ants fp = (=x)? | i i aun with Con? + GN GH ees Ste Se oN Ele O = =) =ey? gerne =A) y= dee 1} seo? | fyepels vielehw nskonihegquation po Leb A be om wat machine oe afield Fond deb (4-~t) fs Called the chanurteme hie Polynowiel of A Then der (fexta] = © rs called chonuchors He equation of A - 7 4 T Thee n-nools Cae ee dub deat) <0 ap called te chamaddonratie meet Lh, A= He Ms ~~ Bam Wr ag aso an | Bony ma tomy = Gams” cee Nos, \aentel = form ae 49° : tay age ts | a tm na ng =e GAP QD et Co) Hhene CG = CU g = eye's - ae | suum oe prin oa= ea cole om) Cy = dee (AY nn dal theomem oF classteal styl *t Me tie hon atlear Mn noots Fy cuatro diet ) Vowlly doncked Wy, dey an ml geet Ge _ (aras] =o0 (os Cyt + ton). comm S|romys ok oS _ (a)a Lema ace comabomb Feo ond ta. vo-efficonk ee Ublen ete) =O ee dh A end f2(4- in ae mah % oat The Sum of the chamactenit he soso ape madeern. AP called thefnace A ond 4p denoted by ¢ pl { sre Sum of the ope antnion of He rabrn aa ye a hr ee product of He Unennete yoapinn A ap deb A — ep ule ham atkersst & quction Since He beet of Abe dh: i Es ooseawe , te oh Ae han wowsets , $7 Ay, Ay _ Liekmew that, the product of te che wrects “pe Ay, Ray oy aw = &D™ £: wa, then fe Be gat pati =o ne by fondarented wan: Heme , & =G) a dead Zt, =] 4)- DY aR th. eos of the mats yo cfa. 3 om . ‘ t 2° Ss : 7 Oyu © ave © 24,2 Ov 3 i deoganal ontvier Se nd thaky the Gum of te of Hee maton f is lA) = aatael =F Now, Als. He Kora Hak age. produck of tee dh woos ip pit fo kA, os B= ) aps ter .D UbA be on nan waknin oad eh Ahe op Ae xn mata amd le the Ur epuation Cow? FOE ten =O Tham lp i —— @ -\) © -yar agra r im Oo >, RMroo 4 , ce pw Ae aa of tee matin A iP “>? Single > Lab A be om be tne che equahion sf A be Con GP pe OH 6 Wee GD, m= 14) => [° azo] exe makin, ond lef Ja-xt|= © te ton GRE gee Oy ee ee ZF 0 ip a th wets gir eso aye oO D Te chawacfoatebe woot Fe vats A= rot Vad ) ee ie) Q 3F.2 @ 47-32 @ 3e2 O Ww! > smal =o7 i on a Note ty aie legeeoll amarfrin. , Aen tne th: i ofA % agua to Wy Sy (ded (do) y Hhane! h, do, aide ome LL clemeots of the medtN he mad te oe ver tha. matin A ame. di dizedn. lee wn XT satin one? the Annihilater > Lut A d to unr hilates Auld eh ps swine AON “TE of te snahrin ip ae Fen one bee A= [: >}: Janta] ie id In H iDonna We fu) = wt-anrl + fA) = av—an+l “(oe Ln amatlaten Sue Hahraltore Shao en % Fe fee male ace chomattemih & peienaiah A =p onnibilater oF 4. Er i 0d ee tl a Coe EG KOT \a- XT) ay a matme Pe cal 2n-~ yond nj [poeta ap oman momial tn 7 of dame (mo) Sie 2h elements of te Co-cffidents +P parent 1) at mest ane fi oa ee “i be od On = Box pa Pae Bn ay tne Ses mahin tol pees: lee A lone On + On hone Be, Bir B47 Bea of me Some ovrden * oh (APH 2]A}- Xt) Tr Kes, ue have (4 *e} HAN hin 2 } 7 Vee) (eevee bart tO a [eons GuPT 4 ten jitn. | Conga aie Us -effients TF Vike powew fo» wager eet col | he. - by = 4iw fe, - @2% = 4tn | MB, — Bam = 5s| Pac - ~multipingy tne ahowe equchion, Pt AT, ANY Jans -—> Th soemertively ond adds a probed fo Am FGA Fen co . Pt 72,3 be the Chonctbeme te a an waabin A. qe find ths. th poly nore of hence find A”. a 12,3 ba dae uh: week of the fel: Singes le =? maha A the the py momeal

sme A idempotent , aah. 2 cog - Hanmi] tons, ee oe . > ater!) =o 1 ee eeS& anf | woe efre chor-cebenistic vevetp. pa = £: Eveny idewjrotent matin as Sequlon with of aol am oxtiri all the th secots Of the maha A Grae, Pees wy t ro A ap ‘a potent > Te ch equator dard ed Pe 2 mae Fe 7** ay eat pete om of te matin A 7 aoelee -a : ae P-2 Sivailun mnectriees lef A be om. ax matnin oven the field FA ap Sect to be siméloun to On 0% mobin p ‘fa a non Sippuloan cmabi poo B= Pp AP é Te Simmtlom —molatin howe the Same Damesteni sie Polgnontad : olen gag 2 open Sigalaoe mad a Be chante pvemind TE 9. za ue hee to shad Hak jaoutal = bp-»t) - nos, [ome] = | rp — F(t) FI = [riled = jet) ]a-x tole) = paeatal. (P71 ]P) ~ La stal: | #7) = | A->Tn} ‘Tr = \a-»Trl. Mite 2) Simnilae mabrin, howe Hae Some. Ubi pooh ol die ie Lei volax of toe Meba Mee: seme be enuse tae Ub volue of the smactrrn, AP equal fo Hee product of te Or mela - @ Ke tmvense of leone thetrmene. may snof be teu {1 ©\a-s ae Fen Daag» Ler A= (: at, 2 (: a= we afi Ub “ jon oF A “p Req JA-xt2} = 0 7 ys? ne Oe erode OF A ome et and te ep [orien 2° 7 ue? day, Be dn pods of Bone alsa I+ \ ; nee he. von siapedan mnabin w Ned, Pap Pimp = PH THEO ep isneb simiJam to AR. D pr pod noe wes : ‘ken sho) Rak Ke Chamactowrehie weots of Aeafh ry ach works fF & fa sara) = ° ula ranhnx 4, = Sma A +p : ye knew that. | heady STA Tryst ‘oy h-Th = | el from | |e a 8c Aad A Le . a) 7 A [m- 2sHe)) =? ) 7 1M] tesa, oda] <0 > ialTiL-fa) [adja = m)) ee 7 IA (=3p)™ J odja = ty AL =<, P ingig Sine [ea] = 1 )- [ayn Ty AL] = 0, sine (4) $2 | Te dy noch of ad 4p iL:Fon on, . ee ten (2 :) pae cae Since A ap om Mppor Prem Jun wedrin , the th Poh ofA moe the di mal Ylemanls ve a and & Now, |A) = pooduck Ff He oh weots eave =s0. omd eb A, =? ans Ke vot fF adj bone a aa JAL = = 2- sola gh =? o> tf aA ap 0 cham arbor Be woofs of & rene Jey vmatn A, Hen 4 )71 4p also & chomartenippic Pots at, t Sime dap & ch. noots of the smabon Ay jA- ar] =? Now, [AL Seal = [at (tom xe) | 2 |? [-at) (a8) =\A"') ‘\(-s) [a- aT™ =1A"|- (-a]” | a -at = 0 Geometrical meuing of eigen vilucn amd biven Vokes ” 4 = (: i eee ei g\ od & ~ | a New, A= \ A Howe, & ap rok apm valor sinee— é, ond AG ap to The prof Sams ore:] = P-ll me [PCB Uo we Capen veton ee Cammrerp and joe nee. 6% " ae: a volun A=3- (os) 0% al sf have mahinA a [3% me | on vik x, or 2] (~) oe wef" Ax = ax: a5 cul! to be eigen a vf? fy runilboese 19? ep Sed : i even saoel'et trae ~eo frie “a af ta men eh Nv xr Ae an é Lied an eigen wee anh x ay en “ coon ie fr mers i ovling tp the 6 of the ee eee sur babe 2.

= ° on nw en relutfen. B® Ly Aveo bem ee Wen, i) if ia) $ Ahan the honepaneowVeni soluki on. Tes Sp tmvial eouh on [ovor-70) Wi) UP TAH o then KE homogeneous stem han x men-bavial Soluhor be infme 4 o rurmben f he Sclubion, @ te Axzo bea homopone System & Peer roms me Ale glee eee Solution Spree oF she homoyene tus sy stom: Thin , lay rol) = 7 [roman of uncomsr) te yaa GF Re Solu oa Spa =~ »(A)- fed F. Te Ub A ke om nxn satin, even He, Foe ay aan volier Connrapondiog to oe pr aofmibe rune of eigen veston St be ke om mayen alae of he marin " rn syifom of oh i ush on a oe il salubon So X2xX,. Ten, (a- dea) a > i = a4. “lo LCL neldhery “theo tfore Hao qe the. AO FA oe ax frette conay ong ft Value Ae y Find he a awines cal “ae veelovp oF a- [! ne) The th gegroncel of 7? C-% (wa) =o n= oi, 2. A [A-»Ts] =o_ Pus igor Valuer ofthe matin A one 0,1, 2 q =) Oe al we lee ot has Bie peoorponlg po he 7 New, (A -Ats) A=? o 0 4 veer (1 NE) | Pose |efittion. - p. Bie 2 bet v he the veefom spare erendGs un fell F and Np “non = omphy sili of vz Then Wap scbspace of vi iF W men, Pew 7 PEN, va pen Ce ee Mee Ww wenr We scl? Sue OF the homageremte system op a cubs pote UD tae Se/™ Space of toe non fh d System

pone of the th wwhspace sf Hee onnectm (AAT be emetic mabithely #9= 9 (a Say” (9%):por Seon * A~;'?* Pris zi) veel or)]- 2/1) ort]: net, valacam) oe Amen [0 9p o new g™ of Az 4p '[9- n(a-ary) ) SSE ye ple AAP OD 2ipen ee fA wit ch pohmomeet \ Tae algebricn wullipheity of a

Gh tot <0 > Gay +OkbxL =? ———@ From 2 ond @ F I a, - (an? epee ig Lb ={!' a T= (Bm 3 5 ohne af as TO euene. oH ymaltifigicg ® 17 he ger — i te a) (4% Gx) [; EL. ail a qx Ox) To =U > Gay ta) =e) Fi 4x =% Coes Sire x, amd Kr ee en brivh Heosfone, for @ 4=° ond =? x, ond Xp ane Ameen independent: © whe eolution. ,fo The Cee F* eal spacnilie. eh yeaa) oy pelt bk A be om wen wel af ue phe om ype alien of Hoe aden A aun, [A- atm] =o Trerefoo, Ane, rananee system of agusction. ye o hon & Ynon- Privial, Solution of che matin sce A AP am MYO vel fA fara) » ee en, Ax, = A%- Trigl ronnapose- and Coney s ey we fel — et ah @&)7 = (yx) ee > woo" - xa) pg h 7 OD sae t= am = 6 Pot von tigly *9 5 ‘s Ney aT RA = W (a) a gtan > A > ay = aA Op ee DAHA =o, eR KFS mA AR. Wy sa iby wher, Thon J = ante oka > atth = atk “AS AER. 7g Rea ina 2 valus-s of % non syromete- vmohee ome all wWeal- aeTheonem.- hae Te eigen. vebus-s Of « weal SKerd Syme dp nahin a often maphaiy ap ee Zee on penely Imei, flcale Lek A be om wn peal sicer-synnmetnie mahi and 2 be om eigen wher of A They, [A-atal =o, Smee Bp oe aipen elu fA. Thenefore, He. thomogene ows System of equation (@-atajx=o hae ® non-brivial solution, Soy Se Give eal ™| tronrpena end. conggrte, es ph a > e)7@t ay Ge it > wea) = AR > ~ (TA =X (*) Pert ralieging Wr &e, eee —@JTagy = 5 AY™ > -B@"aqy = wW™ 3p - A @™ = yw™ 2 Grye™ =*., y ary =e Bee Fe ay ATA. Ut 7x atib. Rens US cath, Noe, y=-a D> art =-[arib ye ih, POR: ae Theme free Hoe eb Volver a el SKE Spratt walla om sae on pnd ey,—_—_ P4 Keowee: 1: oni heer he an veetores oFe veal Syrometay e ate Lowmexpending to diffeneot eigen yaluss if pethogen al - = Got : Let X, and xy. ke fev eigen vetkows of a al > wnt PWie ane MYL smatmy A a wee 7] poo finan agen aens oad hen w= Asx. Ton AM = AX ond Ake >» = © f ue ger — TiKy proneprae ond conpefote FD 7 I wat + apt . 9 Brag = SI soe 7 @TA = a BT By Fy Since uy)" cATHAh- Now, Powe sultie F 7 a, Meet - * Aran = ALY > @ ee = dU) Xe >a wt ay Ly) Xe 7? -Q- a) @ Tee. 7 Hyun =? {eas #*) 7, Lytxe= o. =o Therefore, X, amd XL anias owtkagen ch Fre onomele, i A (; o h The egen ven 4 7 Tg f Wee A EO), A= lang as = 2- a. - - Fon, 2 - + vou4 pil New, XT, « fea ‘| 2} = otCieryo P; i ° : Alse, a= On ve | Themefroe, Te een vertows x, x, anf Xo me mito ¢ “Reoeem > “Ke nin voleva of & werk ovthepened mii, hoe a wit modulo. Profs yp a ke an nin weal cothopenel mahi ond he om aim value of -A Trem, A> arf =? Thene dhe homo HUA ae + Tene A-aT fee has @ nom ctevial Ysolstion . Sof X=, Then AX =AN- a) tronepose ond conjugate, be peb - Gat = (a)™ a wT wT = Sw)T > wT aT = Sw, Pex wd CO Amy, dope TATA = a UA)” a 7 hi) mh = FW Ax, Sia vs Ge = -yr\yy, +0 3 (38 sinew (%)™ F° 7 Vay" 21 2 yar=d- 7 Tren of Ha eh valuen’ of & nent a p abr q rer wit Troll. wine (AT = AT- P-2 GE a wert pep -200o vecton ig fo setor oF a peal nin sqvame smafrin A “Pe BR Sdom ~mabin_ 4p wn a then PS? pies ue Shot tha A hoo my ene. reported op vedas. wie x omg x ke hse eigen vectors comerpends Lffonak a Rake 2 Ae ) 7 . eae 5. > (ae) «Lara ‘5 ° 229 , ona rod Pe pt. Genta td AP Ay + OX aya =A a) = Dueas. Venfroe, te main A haa ly es mpl ted a Vilar , ari a Sime tee -nomu, TF the th: sci gm pM yn shen A Tone Mey spomu-amdlity these, U | o-a30) =n Yam kem (A= asa) = dive«CRS ? diam Ey + lb-arm) =n, p-22 Nheme E5= {xee” ‘(4 - Am re : ker (Arex) 7 tou fF the ch: cubiracs: + rane of ~ as ~» ( A~Atm) =) 2 ~\A-M») = 9 > Ae aty “Thenefore; A

) = PPM ; : => Ax ap Conran. thes (er eter | we gop — AXy = pkx) foe Kp os BAdiny wll, aia pe ond so Prax =fU8)%. | ue ger - east (asa reo GD Meeps. tp

fin) Me ape Pegeariet pA A= ei to oe 3 Shore Z > Sie he afin 4p dicgen nee ah, the ee vabre ot the smabin A, eee 3, B . Trenefooe, the ch. poynomal New, he minimal popnemal a. (a3). 7 Ua A ane (2-3), Leal ol en eo : i (@-2rs) = [: oo ). Ase, @=2Ts) “=o ond 6. 3 (Ar-3T3)? =? Poly nomial GA Pome) = ges),1 & ; P24 EN ental promt of 0 mab Ay WM Gur - ! - Pere athe degree of the minim te? g Plmomial 47% TKemefooe, thene

0 =9 +0) 7 «tA =e : Trenefere, tre polynemal %1%) ewmihijates A - tp why) po then its deqpee +p Sroollen thon the ee Th the retrial po momial Tien) of the cinatrin A od they We | abana Con nadie He, thal mpun) cp the mirtmal Pelyremial f he, mafnin - Thewefrr se (4) met he* Dake pdynensad- frome O ie 7 mor) [hem Lh. Goel, The -winianal polynomial of A dividen toe thomaueenit fie pebpnon af, f &7 Find the mninimal Pipromeel ieee _ : . >| [epee teeggeloe 4 ° ° & . Siota, Hee hin ap

omni ol ap es the Uh: or a Fon Qa a fe Wiser oFor aks) = My OS) ™ ag Poy} Rett Ke thall he? Hak, even wot f the mininal pagromial tp ale «a woof of fhe ef. poy nomial, Ui ap peek of the mint mal Polprencal of ae -mabrin A, Thon ala) = 2 - Now m DO , fre , yas) = von A) ? Yala) ae A 4p A week fF the chemacbamtic polmomial yal) of the matin A- . Vek ep eek tne hb pagent Cowewsely We a-“P yous) G&A. Than 9 men —null vefre er Ax = Ax. : Since Taps) pa pefywomdad m3 tm, Lape = Mala) X , Knoon Sime mala) «7 the minted, pryremied Te 7 + _mlA)= ° ox ="ymg 2) -x 7 Male nog mala) $87 yo Them efooe Die & woody of the mind mal, eee Mar) vf he mabin f. OD. - emer gimilom mabrin’ howe the Some- mineral Prhananial 5 ann” igh RR. TPE Supima, A ond ® le hsv Sinan Fn ag now ta gilow a se eeeelle Now, B= \ eter)” a ul PTAT oO AP a =piepap = P'A P Tr a simlow ari ue com shed thal, Bk = pta%p. fe ve: poe intepen kK, lu fu =? ene (ore oma polyn ental f dayne e Now, fun) = ATT, ond F (#07) =fp) : = (pape aby ry?" b.(ear) ere pil eaeelP tne bat = PT [vern) P. \ parte bao we Fo PT amp rly (re arp) the {rorr) tent pt (eat r = pt pm APT y by AT pb) AP = pi fa)p > fey= flemr) » fie) = fuer) = eff fy? Rent fros of en) “ip the Aapolymomenl of loom. lapoee which vrmikéjater B han thak “ford ~

coat Math a Le a fenton ve Space. over the fil ond onden barip OF V “yp % Frite Spee, of lt verter § in Vo that [oe \ Lee Y oms Wy ke fuse vebor Space own the Sar Aidb pod Wr TN bem Artmn tron femme oo Aina rmappi ) owl WEB = [ &, o> Am) and gic pup» ~2pm) tee tw beovrip of the verkon PH Vinod U snespect - : Us— Tle) ype + Mafae et Open Thee) = Gay fra 4 Bag fl rm oe Them) Ginyfim + Soaps tt Anafie -P-20 The mobic. reprasentaticn of the LT “9 domates 4 mUT) (2 ox “p defined “I q uy a sa\t) = [r)® = “a en, =~), ey Gy Oma, “> nme it

Sinee {rel (ere)- wwe) ]

. \ —s A+ ether NOU He swivimal poyperiul of Hue mat I) oe (YT px).ot ° New, a (ge) = (2! I : y Sb bes tad dee oni "(0-5] = 9 Cagipy tema bfon tay Since (x4) [e2)

fp Az (’ 2 ‘| Tae, th: “polyol of A +p i) a ev 4 ee eo ° W-~ts\ ee coe = ey jxme),‘Ned, (ar-A) [A%30 + 3%) =° \ ores p3g a Troe fh tux _Jnteote dagger muoite Gow (ear) =p wd sihich omnifilelan 0, themefone the cated n weil OP tees smabria Al ap ef na txy = (2s) Care onrgy- i gr pel Ate winimal pory remtad of the ymca z Aye 0 2 ao \ © |+ond Gi) o 4 1 A= gp ub T be He dimer vponaten 7 PCR] define TL fet) = RYE en) FO pind the he pogwomial on} the einimmal polynemied dhe mabein OF Ho fnesne toomfoemasf ee ee ge standard aden baoip - Pelé) be (t) funy en) fi - | = yore pony 99 Op op ay yor # J L ° ° > Fal) -= oS ai = pl tye oe \ : . j The) lhe, lL Fr I ° LAs L = Legg) oO 1 2 7 Yar) (+ ) - o o Tf], Now, the caravan po nomied. of he anahnin A +p Rio (xa) (aa)/ oe (a)®) om QT) = 2 et)t? Nanya, sheromad—poliprosniel sp te area BP | beth : i wore (s 22)(3 32) a 0 _. a Son oa. fps, OO) ) Bo:*e by @-H frarnem- a(roi ap the Aower+ coe on ple fel, eopititeiua FB. Ds The minimal polrnowinl sf A

ip te ond apo, ae sp called we ge ee . veulus of A be cnire AM =@M <1 db =(2) lee the 2ejon veeker of Het Smalnin. AR 1 Cereerponly to Hee ae —— a (A~ ts)¥= 0 > 3. 3 o-b6 & me a0 Ms os 2 - ~PMa pay 20 aUmictin, = || —__-=) ~ Bmp amy =?p36 he Syorn teeth ~ ‘poset . " UG = 0. re tet me (24g) y Nheme KP om ana Mon terre read mules - wa ye, © bein ahite Com ton Le] oelefare(i) see tte wine" LE 7 5° Geomehwe ney wey of toe ae value a>! Ap >: mee a be te eigen voekeo TA ommpeed ny i fe the soph Mee 22°27 a vembes (El 5 Boy <3 FI FO SER FY MUHGE tu, +Ohe =O onl any, + EO Vb Mash Foye } Cg dg ne modi pes voukon Cert a to ! “we vals RW?ieee’ “Tr the nome F Allah Z Di nalevabion. of o -mafnin P-3 A spame arabe A ap said te be leggenalizetle if ae nines malin F OF potep = ody [ehedis Ao] Ramet | aig “squome mubsin A 4p degponatecabe iff | A lw vw ET oe vee tongs: pest Fiewf Ne cuppose trol A Lagenabntle ga soon ~ Sogo arabian =P Sl pnp = > > da (dvds de) Tan Ap = Ten PD. 7 Ad = dxf, dhene- af denoter the ith ee of the mahi p Smee Pp ap nner —Finpalare , F° its |” vebows ome LT The Ul”. veelows Cena i vetoes 6f Hee rs Thereefoo= the “yen elons one of the sabi f& ovoe LT: Montes We my, rm he v Lee ~egpan veka oF de smahon ft cowwcepond poo the 4, by, een mob paces sou fy em values different Wp lee mw Sptanree anvatbrtin, ha ty Uy, Pm TES CP veshowp Rom Ate obi Where t= seu AP = PD __ Binuwe the on\ verbores fF p vee GT, p 4 Fen Agee ' Troeforne pl owitps- Gee tye @ wy Pt wee ge —P33 Pep = PIpp = Tap a io . A up simile te litonal matin D an] definition. lexan, A 3p daggenetiral se a “Teoeom ¢ Lee A be on Lx mabain owen a fely Ftp all the ciyem values FA be diffenonk oJ + F tun A “p hiegonaleaalle liek nof holengs mlb, POE eh my ayy tn lee Aon verhows of te malian onset +o the diffooen + cyen valuan >, , 92,-+ An. Teneforet, Fat 2iyen v Arerncly 2a lepen dan (neon aheopem) See. auc am wee doleponbent tipen veutop ‘FA, hanefore A “ diofonalnndtes Bo The Convene Pithe abe Meera 4 nol alway foe yoo : Foo enomple-, ee A = [: 3B. The cae valien of fe ome OPA “ee dhe polgoorih F AP ayia = wa} (r-F) The. f y ! si cp Yagil = oa] ) MyM, -77% ane ( ( Gnd ee ~wieniomorl reer Smee tee wera’ polynamtal +P the pluck tf ane lifferest — linear foto , thevefone , & “P ( geo aoble= Tee th. pohynomial ofA 4p d Ja -xts[ = (x1) “(2). “Tent fooe, the tee veluen of tha abn A tome wore. Tl ast, ond ays n2- de dpteme vw ipl y of eee metre aml h plect 4p 2 leew tae ie apm vaste Conneaponli po the eden Value | d v q — My 4g = 2 [ach “yp asleol wy wm -Ms =° + WF I. we ek pen can, K Meepy + ut Yon- nro Prva and Ut, =Cy +e Ip oy non-2owe ne | = (J -«( © eM yerip oad CAM= Git for He ym value 9 =2- Also, AM = oem =1, foo te an ei A=3. Hence 4 xy diagenelroaa ( Soy ond property ).“I -2 ¢ ? ee lee 5, 6 -5 es) =e ° ° = 7 = -m tas =O ~tugso 9% 50 fn =x, =O DX, =O “= O, GRIM =O =D Wy HH Me VA =k MEE Thay y= 2 oe DX = [2] - a “(3 [7) [$) #4(7) omoe. the tee Le eit gellar SN AG > She that the matin = * aya begeubon 7 he u,- ualion of A +p [Aa=xtif=o 7, & “9 er) 412=0 anton ip ad “hone ee Sime, the webtin 4p ndempolemt , Fae in A “y ye -shows tha, the smote ie P-42 ? o b 6 ip oO ay bree bieapllon a irl. f. equahen of A xy = as Gand Peey” tna) oad te wanna! papel of A wy ethan hi gent oble. > Sinee ThE mufrin A expen valuen ope se (ot (oti) oa Coffer), Aw, \a-v) (art) = 28 ° 2) - °o oo Frey. Hamiftens taaorear A er Sine (oiler) ap the Inert 4 wer hick omebdefer A, thenefrre Geylmti) sonnel polywowsot cboet f aie ro amarnimind or at foe ap the ia i gr different oreo fortfo? - thene fore \ os oO Note Hees, pv cpr -( -) =s. o 1 ool Sree 4p eae matron, thowefore A +P ie nr a ep yssheo Hat, the wader | ip wt eaeLet (Tp the vome F Alieh? p43 te ee Tawepiewk subspace” Lel- vy be a veebow spate oven Age All Foand T:V—V be a Aneon cpanaheo | A subspace No of VP said +o be invenrunf vnden — if TW) nm Ar ce Tey en YREN- ene Hote. TE i ip a invowien cubepuce of V Spansion cpomacton Wa a Aner oper ie if Tivmv ovnd TH) cu, her Ta 1 WON ap > nee opamacten « thon the ator om VWheonem 7 Fe cpogge Space ang ~nall me *° Aonenn toonrcfonmotion TY cap ier OS inden oT .- = [| ' Peet pop = N(T) =faey 2 Te) = of. <0! , wo’ “ZI He mwAL elemarttin V- Ne will shas thab wexenp 7 TalekerT. Wl ee Kee T Tam TL) A, ene) = ne) ae © Therefore, Tha) CKEMT So, KEKENT > Treks, “KeeT 4 om invariant — Subspace of v Ne know thal Rage of T= 48 THE vey fPoy Ye Rr > TW) =I voev 4 definch on, 4 TW) ERT) , % weRLT p> TW) RIT) RT) =p 6 Srerniowh She pare OF V. onafor en a veefon 4 Subspace FV ome ele ie be a Ln eon -—- |. Hoe. folloosi iwermompf- Swhs pure. Wide}. Sinte Tle) =o ¢ fot | trivial ienwmoms 1) Tw) eV) theme for Ww Sime Tivoy , oo improper i nverrion Subspace ii Een Space, fa ={vev : Ty=av]. FS et ae ey Ten TH) = REE), free Tan) = aT) = awn TEx) © Ey - Henee Ey ip wn inom om ae fy TO eA sy cand a ke BaD Fpvoverion + a vector SPar under T. Then yoUe subspace Ff vy. - Then rent en Owe sub epee “PONT ~invoenion tt ie ne 7 EW, omd END > Threw, ond TW EN TO) © Nae = Ten Thuy ew 7 Th) EW We yam T- Pvenumt subspace.ge * p- DP ey be veclen Space aml tiv mv 1 « few eponator ond » be w non eee efomenk oy, Aken ne = Spor j a fee. OU, Gh = fo eniied Ane To dee subppace eV Jor onated by ae Theooe Leb Vee a verbo Spare oven a fied ony T WES Jonoow fparraten of. Then Tyke Subspace enenated by a vnon-tewo veehor Vj ake smaller T-invomiumF — cubepace of VY covtniniy Y- Pete Lele Woke He TH eyelee. subspare of V joo by ye Kan Nl = spon y Te), TOIT To whew, (i) W ‘AP w suber sf VY Lontwinty 8 wouaem TPaiavenns anh sub epace Vv WwW ap tee emall ot “P= ivowsear sabep ae ef V cet owelp Wap sabepak. fv ee ees oo +4qT) aT) ro % ye 7) wm They= wo GT) rerun) = They) * Tans) ) +7 lere))* = TW) + qT) + are) = 4 TW) enn Thun, Nae ee 7 TW) EW-P-4, | Renefone, Wap mM tavorrinat Subspace SF ov. ‘to § Le She A invowiowt subtpate of V tontai vy, ) To wht, WES. Since S ip Teneo ak Stalin, aay 4 | 7 Thess ves 7 Tye Ss, cre = 7 eas Tes ee ee > & THES wos > Ja ttwes wy Mee Smalloxb T-invemant w Wes. calapane RV oofeiory ve. Er Lek The the Ameo oponaten on R? def al Tlabe) = (eere, are > se). find they “ye a Jroeted oy g = (vor). a o 0,1,9) = ea Ne howe, Tay =Thes) = ( ria) = TT!) = Tle)= Tove) = =e) T(4) = T(*e) a, = Teg) = (se) eo Mx, Th fellows thot, a [es Tie), Te), TH) ~] = foes = Ye) Covel] = slo) ~~ t hee S 7 4\ 49) : ste RD, } Le T ke the Ansa epemator on PURI defined by TUfow) = for, den te To gdie bspa a su SP we i ALN 2 = fe._ | el he have, Tw) = me P-4F Tats TL ECO) 7 aye) Te) = T=: tr follows that, Span = 42% TH) TEL Tle) = {eo aw 24 = P\R) j Loe Tbe the An com ton i } ope mm pt defined 4 Tlobod) = larkered, bed, red era) We We 4 (bse) : HSER J, Te thot that, > uk Les) en. ase Thon T (70,9) = (oraperden: we, [wye,e) ew 7 Tloyee) en. To, tuyer 7 NAP % tense TOS Note * —_—: ub y= (eee “p on owker Mearip for ny extended wm the awited oaden lwp 7 = { 2, eye,eyf fo Vv. de [OD omd o- [Tm], Now L tues) = bee) a (Cr) +e (over) i Lon ve) = WL0,2 ait y, a, 90-0) +I loves) SR aby Ch Im, = fo ty, , T\yerae) = yor 9°) a ee ee | 1e70) 4 ain T Cen,ye) = (4 = jeep eey 0:25 OYTKeel,0) = Lz © ayy) = 2G F vee res + Gy Thoeen) = Gu) = HG peg ee Hy DAs ["), = : qe Crh o0- a Ot = SF (: | “ bye {urly-r Ve Fay Me ond gets Me he perewl f & ond & rweoperki Woigpe fe ao Se ° 1 2 2 awe 4) ° ° ‘ vt yi = | ° ant ~) ° \ Da OY) Tey Uy v\ vey hia |e ) 2 .1- ae = wUD~ The oh. pogrensel Te “y per ey fw = we Te-v bon) > fy = iM PeIryH) 7 peo ) fe. Poy — vwae: uc tbe ettan” apanafen om fill af vaston space vi owd Wo be a 7 invawriont fY Ahan the Chamuckemife poynenial Jvider the chomactomi fie Polywomsal FT. pret: throve om enden bem = le, te N. i ie te’ on vale ag sree) = (ee He Pr, 77 on ) fe wv: uk OA =-[p mal &= Prd, Since Wop To invari subspace , tT(y) ew. pn cnn ee WME ty Hees for “Ken, Ax [| Pee Bicxta-%) Qoaer Cowal ub fcr) be the chamarhenishe pe omtal of T ond ie ee the chanarhani She polynomial of Te Then [A - tT] \B-* Zou | ard we XLWeK Ce ee Jen F teag xen = [®- hey { £Rapatera] Now, the chee aeterd (fie polynomé at of the amuboin & Ip 1Bi= Teach =p) eee. [4-+Tal = | @- # Zee jen + Towser] 7 fo = Jd © = + Reign ail = pi fre ae ni \ 8: Elan te chamestonih pie Aotaele Cae oF Tu al ; "Fem omn? po el © Re claen Velo tf a Jinean Paren, TiN vy \eo Chom atterniped on freraten 7 Fe imacnante ene — dimen tonal Subspace. pest: Lel- yy lee OM einem veefor of the fin eon Sparaten 7 cmon) po ton Hee value D. Wenefees iy a Dy i on Uy. New, T lau) = ATW), Gree Tp len eae odo “ = (an) ope = ADK =, (Ck 1] 0 thee, c= ccd, Tw) cn subepeal i oe domentional T-invariant: Corea: UE, AT ep a ont Limentonel T-inemiond Subepoce We. - wl hes thal Map panei cfed Ly ome rg ie Velorw ‘t + ne = tpom hou} ond’ Wh “~~ T -invawi om. Tren —_ eT Taye Pe z Salas Fy Tw =lepye > Ty 3m, KP » eb T: Ko RD he ow _Areomn spemalon anal se P38 OPS oy Med SY GG) = “ea find elf tee T-ieromi oo sabepace of @ “(e) .| anon P-s) fy Since dhe Jor ene op rs je i 7 2 » The ra abi We ( oS = Rh. Ne, [q-tta) = | as | \ mie The th — “yj [@-ttey =° rete 4 Kentfers, ~0 ay vaekon sf He snobin 9. Yeu , No men dinentional invertomt sitosprce o} and of R°CR) ts srantional sub pase -p4 as - di Thenefoee, the © the Fe ad sulepaee =p RO @ Ube TT: wow le x Linear operator Lefine | : A( a 3-5) |* Find all sta “pet eeurtionh b (3) ] ( (a (3); ie ay ce)” > Smee te oer operator Py pom y tet J anal. 5 =) New, [4-42] -= 2% 7 ~ \ -2-* ee "Ike saa “y \a-eh] sore we ne BF tha 7 of Re ae mel laa, He ion vale vetlon cmahin 8 Vonmrp ot go Hn eh gle (wae) e : % (*->) (i) 2ee 2 Gay FF a (art) = > 4 = (ari —_——o We m= Nhe & ap ookstoey oe neal no = (rile - “ ee ° , Ut Xe c ! wee Lhestha)> TCenghowe, Wh “PS \ = dimenhongl -[-inyvaw on} Sob rpace ee Ne git yzK ( | ip on Pigon sseuhon Of Hae roche A comerponi od agen val oe a! Ut < z-t 1p Thene | We a} Ww hie Lmen * oe ™ es Salepe — Aigo 0 dimentionel sobopre ip fof eh hee tae ee sult pane -? ee. Sree ree lee 5. = (7%) andy = (Wh) ke fe vechowp mR”, Thanefone, by Fy Keposan Hnecnem, CE)” = way” erp” = ow a p= Laem| rararnrerererererereraeaes wo defined tue lengie| nenm Far powk Jarra” and ik ~y Eenoted i ee P-53 By pythayeret Hemp em, ' a = Aer pa = [ lots) = (aay ee zes= Leyay ten” 2 hol wr 3 (wa) =f) dlny) dre daxtomes bhwee Definth on 7 Dypailiee jee ak product cf od Yo donated by caypy oe amd +P defined a hy, 20 foo peinh , Note | ® of y=™ qran Up = sey eB + = fe” pe Wye ee 5 yay = RO Defimlon + : + 7 See Asn inet pooduct ~ oa bt pooduct me Voller Spare ov er dea fell oF ip Oo AP Lop INR mF achsf Ais fplleyy peportion - Gn wy, z &V and Op eF oe ee Pe Ly) > “AGS? apt pra p P a QUT HP Say into,ar Fs, A veubern spose VV patoer with om emo produeg =P ealled on immer pos duct Spae A weal tmon product spar ap called a ty riley Spree amd a Cormpom tren product spore “7 eal\ed eer ivan pooduch pee STS wha =| wacom) om y= (4 9a-7I») Me hye wehers lin (R7 © Tham Armes pre duel >. a oe ew © ir borane O Cary = yx | evn d Lang? iff n= i (a) vel on Sanrpetp > * Jes pay = Lown pl) . Jew vp) bal =o) spy Tee hamen pocket: eq Called He eyomdand rman i on ik”. : Qn ai Leap > ) a 1 they Tren product (7 Clled the Eton dowd frmen product on e,> ~ > pom GER lene ae frre) Je (H I). oy =4 (~ + 2mta) + yale +s) definer an inmen pro sie Shall prove that, if Snony ® o then = wef, Seen bd ~” + vy me at We Fem fro wectere MUP VY, lepl * fled I Pl Sle both ond Phe | Core lt 7 - One — ae i holdr. Se ruff then both Sider aquatty Crna 42 + ; aes Let cond P fee ke pee LD> | Vecbors - Psy a shen aw coon! evumboor KS Oks Kp, Neo fog = Pepi = [ef lly © Ha howe, 2 Whip ap a quadnatic Kom en KH pr aP 4 vs ; Tre Uns ip wooo o ip He Aiserininat AZ loss thon o- be : 4 (py =y wpe” ae 7 op = Ip Nyy ce > (xp) Bae wpirney” 7 |eap)) v= Rp hn He fill ye poopention 8 : f “ah oO lIny zr 2 ond I] = oy w=0 WM heat =I4 rh ,#e aev eR W haga £ the} + Hpll - Poort: “OO fw FY ‘Cm ) 22 glu > © enh iF *=% [aye peoe © Inn =o ® jay = oy wm) = aly) = ar Gt) = % yay” flonp. =fey nett WW Napnt = (age oe) = tae) + ep) + a TP? = fly 2 lesp) +n £ joy” + 2 bea iipn “pp by eo och wont Zs = (ur “yell )” mapeclety | to ph Wel syph _ wtp Ey a — Called tee Hoggelew ingwelit ees = = =