Campus: Nezahualcóyotl

Bachelor's degree: criminology

Student: Fatima Lizeth Vasquez Calvillo

Tuition: 2122100355

Teacher: Luis Eduardo Ochoa Diaz

Course: analysis of technical texts in English

Group:401

Activity:1

Date: September, 2022

Instructions

1. Read the next text carefully:

SOCIAL-PROCESS CRIMINOLOGY

Social-process criminology theories attempt to explain how people become

criminals. These theories developed through recognition of the fact that not all
people who are exposed to the same social-structural conditions become criminals.
They focus on criminal behavior as learned behavior.Edwin H. Sutherland (1883–
1950), a U.S. sociologist and criminologist who first presented his ideas in the 1920s
and 1930s, advanced the theory of differential association to explain criminal
behavior. He emphasized that criminal behavior is learned in interaction with others,
usually in small groups, and that criminals learn to favor criminal behavior over
noncriminal behavior through association with both forms of behavior in different
degrees. As Sutherland wrote, "When persons become criminal, they do so because
of contacts with criminal patterns and also because of isolation from anticriminal
patterns." Although his theory has been greatly influential, Sutherland himself
admitted that it did not satisfactorily explain all criminal behavior. Later theorists have
modified his approach in an attempt to correct its shortcomings.
Taking into consideration all of this, we find “Control theory” which was developed in
the 1960s and 1970s, attempts to explain ways to train people to engage in law-
abiding behavior. Although there are different approaches within control theory, they
share the view that humans require nurturing in order to develop attachments or
bonds to people and that personal bonds are key in producing internal controls such
as conscience and guilt and external controls such as shame. According to this view,
crime is the result of insufficient attachment and commitment to others.
Walter C. Reckless developed one version of control theory, called containment. He
argued that a combination of internal psychological containments and external social
containments prevents people from deviating from social norms.
In simple communities, social pressure to conform to community standards, usually
enforced by social ostracism, was sufficient to control behavior. As societies became
more complex, internal containments played a more crucial role in determining
whether people behaved according to public laws. Furthermore, containment
theorists have found that internal containments require a positive self-image. All too
often, a sense of alienation from society and its norms forms in modern individuals,
who, as a result, do not develop internal containment mechanisms.
The sociologist Travis Hirschi has developed his own control theory that attempts to
explain conforming, or lawful, rather than deviant, or unlawful, behavior. He stresses
the importance of the individual's bond to society in determining conforming
behavior. His research has found that socioeconomic class has little to do with
determining delinquent behavior, and that young people who are not very attached to
their parents or to school are more likely to be delinquent than those who are
strongly attached. He also found that youths who have a strongly positive view of
their own accomplishments are more likely to view society's laws as valid constraints
on their behavior.

Adapted from: https://law.jrank.org/pages/5884/Criminology-Sociology-

Criminology.html#ixzz6VVna5tUE

2. What is the main idea of the previous text?

The main idea of the text is to explain the theories, research and social policies in
relation to law and criminal behavior.

3. Read the text again, and invent 5 sentences where 'modal verbs' are used
(positive or negative). The sentences need to be related to what you read in the
text (Information about Criminology aspects). Also, write the use or function of
that modal verb with fundaments. You can search information about their
functions to justify your answer.
Phrase that includes a Modal verb
with the theories the authors would
explain the antisocial behaviors
Criminologists shouldn´t rehabilitate,
their role is prevention
The P.P.L must have a rehabilitation
that allows them the social reintegration
Criminal behavior can prevented
Use (Function)
Would can function in some cases as
the past tense of Will and in others as
an auxiliary verb. Power to the verb that
follows, It is equivalent to the copreterite
tense of the Spanish language (ía) and
we use it to talk about habits of the past.
is used for opinions, advice,
recommendations, obligations and even
expectations, it is translated into
Spanish as "should" and refers to a
position of what is correct. It is used
after a personal pronoun and after an
infinitive verb.
does refers to a necessity or prohibition.
In the Spanish translation it means “I
must”. It is followed by an infinitive verb
without "To" does not require the
auxiliary "do" "does" for questions or
negatives.
is used especially to talk about a
 possibility or ability in general

There may not be a theory to explain It refers to something possible or

people's behavior. probable in the future tense. The verb
must be in the infinitive. Questions
when "May" is introduced indicate
courtesy or friendliness. Its translation in
the Spanish language is maybe, could,
it is possible that. In the negative it is
may not, (it is not contracted as with
other modal verbs).

4. Read the next statements and then write the correct expression of time
(while, before, after) in the correct place.

b) I am studying Law. Amy is studying Criminology.

While Iam studying law Amy is studying criminology

a) I need to check if my project has no errors. I present it to my boss.

I need to check if My proyect has no errors before I present it to my boss.

c) We finish the career. We will work in a very important place.

After we finish the career We will work un a very important place

Bibliography
English, B. F. (2020, noviembre 28). Modal verbs: ¡Todo lo que necesitas saber sobre
ellos! ¡Guia completa! Be Free English. https://befreeenglish.com/modal-
verbs-como-usarlos-en-oraciones/

Universidad de Guanajuato. (2022, marzo 1). Clase digital 3. Modal verbs. Recursos
Educativos Abiertos; Sistema Universitario de Multimodalidad Educativo (SUME) -
Universidad de Guanajuato. https://blogs.ugto.mx/rea/clase-digital-3-modal-verbs/
(S/f). Org.mx. Recuperado el 21 de septiembre de 2022, de
https://www.britishcouncil.org.mx/blog/modal-verbs

Criminology. (s/f). Jrank.org. Recuperado el 21 de septiembre de 2022, de

https://law.jrank.org/pages/5884/Criminology-Sociology-Criminology.html