MIL Handouts

Dao Catholic High School, Inc.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

TOBIAS FORNIER, ANTIQUE
Government Recognition (R-VI) No. S-63, S 2005
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

Introduction to Media and Information Literacy
Name: ________________________________________________________________________ Group No:___________________
Grade & Section: ________________________________________ Date: __________________ Score: ___________________
Defining MEDIA and COMMUNICATION
Communication
-is the directed and purposeful exchange of information and messages between people or
groups of people by speaking, writing, gestures, and signs.
Communicare – Latin term means “to Share” or “to divide out”
Communis – another latin term means “working together”
Communication now is –“One of those everyday activities that is intertwined with all of
human life so completely that we sometimes overlook its pervasiveness, importance, and
complexity.” – Littlejohn and Foss (2008)
You are communicating because expressing yourself means contributing ideas for whatever
purpose or cause.
Without speech or oral communication, societies could not attain levels of civilization;
communities could not organize into living and working groups, mark and ritualize
practices and traditions, debate and decide difficult issues, and transform society for its
good.
Verbal Communication
It refers to the form of communication in which message is transmitted verbally.
Communication is done by word of mouth and a piece of writing.
In verbal communication remember the acronym “KISS” (keep it short and simple).
Verbal Communication is divided into: Oral Communication & Written Communication
In oral communication, Spoken words are used.
It includes face-to-face conversations, speech, telephonic conversation, video, radio,
television, voice over internet.
Communication is influence by pitch, volume, speed and clarity of speaking.
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VISION
A Christ-centered community of Excellence in Holistic Transformation.
MISSION
To evangelize and empower the Antiqueño Youth.
SHS Module/ MIL //JNAS// 1
Advantages – It brings quick feedback. In a face-to-face conversation, by reading facial

expression and body language one can guess whether he/she should trust what’s being
said or not.
Disadvantages – In face-to-face discussion, user is unable to deeply think about what he is
delivering, so this can be counted as a fault.
In written communication, written signs or symbols are used to communicate.

In written communication message can be transmitted via email, letter, report, memo etc.
Written Communication is most common form of communication being used in business.
Advantages – Messages can be edited and revised Written communication provide record
and backup. A written message enables receiver to fully understand it and send
appropriate feedback.
Disadvantages – Written communication doesn’t bring instant feedback. It take more time
in composing a written message as compared to word-of-mouth and number of people
struggles for writing ability.
Nonverbal communication
is the sending or receiving of wordless messages. Such as gesture, body language, posture,
tone of voice or facial expressions, is called nonverbal communication.
Nonverbal communication is all about the body language of speaker. Nonverbal
communication have the following three elements – Appearance Speaker – clothing,
hairstyle, neatness, use of cosmetics Surrounding – room size, lighting, decorations,
furnishings • Body Language facial expressions, gestures, postures • Sounds Voice Tone,
Volume, Speech rate
Types of Communication
People communicate face-to-face with someone they know or someone who is a complete
stranger to them. In whatever way, they are engaging in Interpersonal communication.
Turow (2009, 8) defines interpersonal communication as “a form of communication that
involves two to three individuals interacting through the use of their voices and bodies.”
There are times when you cannot and need not talk face-to-face, so communication
becomes mediated through the use of devices such as pen, telephone, or computer. This is
known us mediated interpersonal communication. Technology stands in between the
parties communicating and becomes the channel by which the message is sent or received.
People communicate differently in a working environment, and this type of interaction is
referred to as organizational communication.
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Elements of communication
1. Source
2. Message
3. Channel
4. Receiver
Communication Models
LINEAR : Lasswell’s Model
Shannon and weaver’s CM
In LINEAR : Berlo’s S-M-C-R Model
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TRANSACTIONAL : Barnlund’s Transactional Model
TRANSACTIONAL : Becker’s Mosaic Model
INTERACTIONAL : Schramm’s Interactive Model
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OTHER : Westley and MacLean’s Conceptual Model
Ritual or Expressive model
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MEDIA entails the technical and artistic creation and delivery of information.
Media as an Information Industry
Usually technology-related information conduits such as radio and television encompass
what media is, but art forms such as literature (in the form of books) and films are also
considered as part of media.
Media as culture of entertainment
Aside from using or accessing the media for information, we may be more concerned with
using or accessing media for its entertainment value.
Kinds of Media
Traditional Media
Print Media – involves the usage of physical medium, such as paper, and s printed
and distributed by publishing company.
In this type of media, publications involve two main divisions: Reporting and Editing. In a
newspaper/ magazine publishing company, reporters are the ones who write the content of
the paper by investigating news worthy events and interesting stories. Editors, on the other
hand, in newspapers/ magazine publishing companies, they assign stories to the reporters
and decide which story is to be printed.
Examples of Printed Media:
Newspapers
Magazines
Books
Pamphlets
Outdoor Media (Billboards, Poster, Signs etc.)
Broadcast Media
This type of media that transmits information immediately to the widest possible audience.
Classified as the most convenient and practical way of communicating information to a
wide audience, but it is also classified also as improper way of transmitting information to
the audience due to the fact it is immediately broadcasted,
Examples of broadcast Media:
Television
Radio
Speaker
Telephone
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2. New Media
This type of media that now uses the newest means of communication, digital technology.
Internet the main gateway for accessing such information is considered to be the easiest
way of gaining information.
3. Social Media
Refers to internet maintained computer programs that could be installed in personal
computers or portable devices, the sole purpose of which is to connect with other people
using the same platform.
Activity
Identify your media habits
Identify your media habits and complete the table below.
Functions of Communication and Media

Media, whether traditional or new, has a role to play in the proper functioning of a
democratic society such as the Philippines. In order for a democratic society to function in
an ideal way, media and communication must fulfill its mandate. According to McNair,
communication and media function to
1. Inform citizens of what is happening around them (also known as monitoring function);
2. Educate the audience as to the meaning and significance of the “facts”;
3. Provide a platform for public political discourse, facilitating the formation of “public
opinion” and feeding that opinion back to the public from whence it came, [including] the
provision of space for the expression of discerns;
4. Give publicity to governmental and political institutions (known as the “watchdog” role of
journalism); and
5. Serve as a channel for the advocacy of political viewpoints.
Media and Government: A Love-Hate relationship

The relationship of media and government is oftentimes adversarial. This is normal and
healthy because media, being a watchdog, keeps everything at bay.
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The Evolution of Traditional to New Media

Ever since the first human beings evolved on planet earth, communicating with each other
is one of the most essential and immediate need that they had to learn, develop, and
master. This is to convey information they want to share and get the information they also
needed. And whenever there’s a need for information and communication, we know that
certain kinds of media should also be present in other to help facilitate this basic human
need.
Pre-historic Era (200,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE)
1. Petroglyphs
Are illustrations created by abolishing part of rock surface by incising or carving, as a form of rock
art.
There are many ideologies to construe their purpose, depending on their location, area, and
appearance. Some are thought to be astronomical indicators, maps, and other forms of allegorical
communication, including a form of “Pre-writing”.
Petroglyph maps may show trails, symbols
corresponding to time and distance crossed, as well as
the local contour in the form of landforms, rivers and
other geographic features.
Some petroglyph images probably have deep cultural
and religious significance for the cultures that created
them; in many cases this implication remains for their
descendants. Many petroglyphs are thought to mean
some kind of not-yet-fully understood symbolic or
ritual language.
2. Cave Paintings
(Also known as “parietal art”) are painted drawings on cave walls or ceilings, mainly of
prehistoric descent, to 40,000 years ago in both Asia and Europe.
3. Dance – in most archaic civilization,
4. Body Art – unlike tattoo and other forms of permanent

body art, body painting was temporary, painted in human
skin, and lasted for one day, or at the most a couple of
weeks.
Tattoos, piercing, nose - ears-mouth plugs, Mehndi, Henna, and scarification are other ritual-based
art forms. All types of body art hold great meaning in these cultures.
Body art is a momentous part of social, spiritual, and personal expression. It can be a part of
culture’s rite of passage for when the child becomes an adult, weddings, preparation for war or
hunt, the birth of a child, spiritual rituals, and death. It can also represent your position, symbol of
power, what you have reached and experienced, it can be like an identification card, it protects
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from the evil forces, it shows bravery and beauty, can be an act of transformation, mourning,
connecting with spirts of animals or the earth, symbol of fertility.
Ancient Era
1. Writing
a. Cuneiform script –
b. Egyptian hieroglyphs
2. Alphabet
a. The Phoenician alphabet
3. Drama – is the clear-cut mode of narrative, commonly fictional, served in performance.
4. Paper – is grammatically derived from papyrus, Ancient Greek for the Cyperus papyrus plant.
Papyrus is a chunky, paper-like matter produced from
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Industrial Era
1. Printing press – is an apparatus for administering pressure to an inked surface recessing upon a
print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink.
2. Dry plates
3. Telegraphy
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4. Telephone
5. Phonograph
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6. Film – is also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film or photoplay, is a series of immobile
images that, when shown on a screen, generates the illusion of moving images.
Information Era
1. Radio – is the technology of using radio waves to convey information, such as sound, by
modulating some property of electro-magnetic energy waves transferred through space.
2. Television – is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting sound with moving pictures in
monochrome, or in color, and in two or three dimensions.
3. Personal computer – is a generated-purpose computer. It is envisioned to be worked directly by

an end-user with no superseding computer time-sharing models that permitted larger, more
lavish minicomputer and mainframe systems to be used by many people, usually at the same time.
4. Mobile phone – is a portable telephone which can produce and receive calls over radio frequency
carrier.
5. Internet – is the worldwide system of unified computer networks that used the internet protocol
suite that links billion of devices across the planet.
Brief History of Philippine Media

Pre-Colonial
 Alibata / Baybayin
 Umalohokan – town crier
 Datu-barangay head
Print Industry and Filipino Freedom
 Del Superior Govierno – first newspaper in the country (1811)
 La Solidaridad – most popular nationalistic newspaper (1889)
 Noli me Tangere & El Filibusterismo
 The Manila Times (1898)
 Manila Bulletin (1900)
 Martial Law (1972)
 WE Forum
 Veritas
 Business Day (now Business world)
 Inquirer (now Philippine daily inquirer)
 The Manila times
 Liwayway Magazine
 Jingle song hits
 Cosmopolitan
 Matsing at pagong
 Tony Velasquez –father of philippine komiks > Kenkoy
 Mars Ravelo > Darna, Dyesable, Captain Barbell
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The Europen Film Import

 The Lumiere Brother’
 Zarzuela
 Dalagang Bukid – Jose Nepomoceno (Father of Philippine Cenema)
 Dawn of freedom (1944)
 Golden age of Philippine Cinema
 Genghis Khan
 Big Four
 Regal films
 Viva films
 ABS-CBN Films-1990’s > Star Cinema
 GMA -7 – 2000 >GMA films
The broadcast industry
 Eastern Extension (1800s)
 1890-the first telephone system of the country began.
 Electrical supply Company – first operated small radio station
 KZKZ -1924
 DZRH –the oldest radio station that still exist (KZRH 1939)
 Philippine Broadcast System (PBS)
 Fransico “Koko” Trinidad – Father of Philippine Radio
 Bolinao Electronics Corporation
 Alto Broadcasting System (ABS)
 DZAQ-TV channel 3 -1953
 The Manila Chronicle
 ABS-CBN 1956
 DZTM –TV channel 5 -1962
 DZBB-TV channel 7 – Robert “Uncle Bob” Stewart
 Republic Broadcast System (RBS) – GMA -7
 Tawag ng Tanghalan
 Kuwentong Kutsero
 Radio Veritas
The State of Media Today

Today’s media is characterized by the blurring of lines and boundaries, especially with the
passing of information and the revision of communication process through the so-called
information superhighway. Pertaining to the internet, the transaction of information
exchange has dramatically change the way media producers create media products because
of this particular technology. As a result, audiences have also changed the way they
consume media.
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Globalization to Glocalization
 The Oscars
 The Grammys
 The Golden Globes
 Miss universe
Globalization – the process by which a company or organization expands to operate
internationally.
Examples: Jollibee, Goldilocks, Chowking, etc.
Multinational Company- companies expanded globally to their offices in different regions of
the world.
Example: American music channel MTV > MTV Europe, MTV Asia
Globalization 1980’s – the emergence of a single world market dominated by multinational
companies, leading to a diminishing capacity for national governments to control their
economies.
What the diminishing capacity means is introduced in a newer term called Glocalization.
Media ownership
 Mainstream Media – involves the commercial – run type of media business
characterized by the corporate structure of business. The term focuses on the way
information is disseminated and also how its content is designed.
 Alternative and independent Media – the other choice for the existing mainstream
media.
 Community Media – any form of media that is created and controlled by a
community.
 State-owned media – the government owns and controls specific media outlets.
Make an infographics which shows the current situation

and relationship of Media and the Government here in the
Philippines.
A
“The powerful can overpower of the pen but then they cannot write
with water.”
Amit Abraham
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Dao Catholic High School, Inc.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

Defining MEDIA and COMMUNICATION

Advantages – It brings quick feedback. In a face-to-face conversation, by reading facial

In written communication, written signs or symbols are used to communicate.

Shannon and weaver’s CM

In LINEAR : Berlo’s S-M-C-R Model

TRANSACTIONAL : Barnlund’s Transactional Model

TRANSACTIONAL : Becker’s Mosaic Model

INTERACTIONAL : Schramm’s Interactive Model

OTHER : Westley and MacLean’s Conceptual Model

Ritual or Expressive model

Functions of Communication and Media

Media and Government: A Love-Hate relationship

The Evolution of Traditional to New Media

3. Dance – in most archaic civilization,

4. Body Art – unlike tattoo and other forms of permanent

3. Drama – is the clear-cut mode of narrative, commonly fictional, served in performance.

3. Personal computer – is a generated-purpose computer. It is envisioned to be worked directly by

Brief History of Philippine Media

The Europen Film Import

The State of Media Today

Make an infographics which shows the current situation

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