‘The following Calculation Modes can be selected: in mode Identifies one or more exchangers that will perform a thermal duty you specify, subject to limits on the maximum pressure loss you specify as acceptable for each stream. In Design mode you must provide some basic information about the overall exchanger configuration (shell and header types, baffle type etc) and about the tubes and tube layout used. You can also specify the range of shell sizes, tube lengths etc within which a design should be looked for. The program will then calculate all the other geometric features such as the exchanger size, number of passes, nozzle sizes, baffle cut etc, The program provides a design based on either cost optimization or on minimum area. Rating / Checking mode Answers the question "will this exchanger do this duty?” You have to specify the exchanger geometry and the process information defining the duty. The result of the calculation is expressed as the ratio of actual heat transfer surface area to the required heat transfer surface area. An area ratio above unity implies that the specified duty can be performed. In the Process Data Input you can specify, for each stream, the flow rate and inlet and outlet conditions (or other information such as heat load from which they may be deduced). In a checking calculation, the heat load implied by these parameters is taken as fixed. The inlet pressure is fixed, but the outlet pressure of each stream is recalculated based on the predicted pressure drop in the exchanger. Answers the question "what duty will this exchanger achieve?” You have to specify the exchanger geometry and process information defining a first estimate of the duty. You normally fix the exchanger and the inlet conditions and flow rates of the hot and cold streams. The program calculates the stream outlet conditions and hence the duty. The result of the calculation is the ratio of actual to required heat duty. A Standard Simulation determines the stream outlet conditions. There is also a Generalized Simulation available, in which either the outlet conditions or the inlet conditions or the flow rate of each stream can be revised, as specified by the Revise for Heat Balance in the Process Input. Note: In a Checking calculation, the three parameters (inlet/outlet/flow rate) are fixed for each stream and the ratio of the actual surface area ratio to that required is determined, In both Checking and Simulation, the inlet pressure is taken as fixed and the outlet pressure is calculated. ‘Conditions’ at inlet and outlet refers to specific enthalpy. Fixed conditions will also mean fixed temperature and quality (vapor mass fraction) as long as the pressure changes are as you have anticipated. Find Fouling Mode Sometimes known as MaximumFouling mode, answers the question “what is the maximum fouling for a specific thermal duty to be obtained?” The calculation mode is similar to Checking, but adjusts the fouling resistance(s) to determine, if possible, the values which give an area ratio of unity, You can specify that the fouling resistance is only adjusted on one side (hot or cold), or that both resistances on both sides are scaled or are added to.