vage. Answer all the questions. A chemist investigates the rate of hydrolysis of the haloalkanes. Which of the following statements is / are true? 4: Afluoroalkane gives the slowest rate of hydrolysis. 2: The rate of reaction depends on the strength of the carbon—halogen bond. 3: The rate of reaction depends on the polarity of the carbon-halogen bond. A. 1,2and3 B. Only 1 and 2 C. Only 2 and 3 D. Only 1 [J Your answer 1] ‘An organic compound is heated with aqueous silver nitrate and ethanol. Accream solid forms. Which structure is most likely to be the organic compound? Br Q cl Q Br QQ Your answer 1] Page 1 of 10 Created in ExamBuilder3. Astudent wants to remove an acid impurity from an organic liquid. What should the student do? A, Add Na2COs(aq) B. Reflux the mixture C. Add Bre D. Add MgSOx Your answer M1) 4. When heated with NaQH(aq), 1-iodobutane is hydrolysed at a much faster rate than 1- chlorobutane. Which statement explains the different rates? A The C-I bond enthalpy is greater than the C-C/ bond enthalpy. B The C-I bond is less polar than the C-C/ bond. c The C-I bond has a C atom with a greater 5+ charge than in the C-C/ bond D The C-I bond requires less energy to break than the C-C/ bond Your answer 1) 5(a Haloalkanes are hydrolysed by aqueous sodium hydroxide, ). i, Outline the mechanism of the reaction of 1-bromobutane with aqueous sodium hydroxide. Include curly arrows, relevant dipoles and the structure of the organic product. [3] ji, Name the type of mechanism in (i). i, vage. Page 2 of 10 Created in ExamBuilder»age. ili, The organic product in (i) can be formed faster using a different haloalkane than 1- bromobutane. Identify this haloalkane. Explain your answer. Haloalkane Explanation 1), The use of some haloalkanes, such as chlorotrifiuoromethane, has been banned as they form C/ b). * radicals which break down ozone. i. Construct an equation to show the formation of C1 radicals from chlorotrifluoromethane. Ma. ii. Ozone is broken down by C/- radicals in a two-step process. Write the equations for the two steps and the overall equation for this process. Step 1 Step 2 Overall equation [3] Page 3 of 10 Created in ExamBuilderiii A research chemist found that 1.00 g of C/+ radicals can breakdown 135 kg of Os. Calculate the number of Os molecules removed by one CI radical. Give your answer in standard form and to three significant figures. number of Oz molecule: [3] Reaction mechanisms use curly arrows and can involve electrophiles and nucleophiles. i. What does a curly arrow represent in mechanisms? ii. What is meant by the term nucleophile? AL »age. Page 4 of 10 Created in ExamBuilder7. Haloalkanes can undergo hydrolysis Astudent carries out an experiment to find the relative rate of hydrolysis of 1-chloropropane, CsHrCl, 1-bromopropane, CsH7Br, and 1-iodopropane, CsHrl. The student adds 2 cm? of ethanol to 2 cm? of aqueous silver nitrate to three test tubes labelled A, B and C. The student adds 5 drops of a different haloalkane to each test-tube in rapid succession and shakes each tube. The student measures the time for a precipitate to form in each test-tube. The results are shown below, Time taken for Testtube| Haloalkane reaction to take place A Carl about half an hour B CoHBr a few minutes c CaHil a few seconds i. Write an ionic equation involving aqueous silver nitrate for formation of one of the precipitates. man ii. What do the experimental results tell you about the carbon-halogen bond enthalpies? mae iii, How could the student modify their experiment so that it could be completed in less time? (1) rage. Page 5 of 10 Created in ExamBuilder8. Nitrogen forms several different oxides. N20 is a useful anaesthetic and NO has been linked to the depletion of ozone in the stratosphere. NO radicals catalyse the breakdown of ozone in the stratosphere. Write two equations to show how NO radicals catalyse this breakdown. END OF QUESTION PAPER rage. Page 6 of 10 Created in ExamBuilder