Chapter 1: Introduction to Physics TOPICAL OUTLINE

I. Physics Search for laws that describe the most fundamental aspects of nature: matter, energy, forces, motion, heat, light and other phenomena II. Scope of Physics * Athletics (Kinesiology) * Traction Systems * Nutrition and Exercise * Body Temperature * Physical Therapy * Blood Flow and Respiration * Hearing * Ultrasonic scanners * Electrical safety * Nervous System * Vision * Spectroanalysis * X-rays * Radiotherapy and Diagnostics III. Major Subfields of Physics CLASSICAL *Mechanics- forces and motion *Thermodynamics- temperature, heat and energy *Electricity and Magnetism*electric and magnetic forces; electric current *Optics- light

MODERN *Atomic Physics- structure and behavior of atoms *Nuclear Physics- nucleus of the atom *Particle Physics- subatomic particles IV. Basic Tools Standard of Measurement Mathematics

V. Measurement *Measurement -comparison of an unknown quantity with a known fixed unit quantity. *high degree of accuracy and precision *Physics = exact science VI. ACCURACY AND PRECISION *Accuracy - how close a given measurement is to an accepted standard. *Precision - reproducibility of a measurement VII. Standards *Sealed vaults in International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Paris *A copy in National Institutes of Standards and Technology in US *Kg mass of particular block of iridium-platinum alloy *Meter distance light travels in 1/299,729,458 s *Second time it takes for 9,192,631,770 crests of a light wave of light emitted by a cesium atom

VIII. Parts of Measurement Dimension *how many of the units are there in the quantity being measured *Numerical value; Magnitude ( forces ) Unit e.g. 5m, 20ml, 78beats/min, 120/80mmHg IX. SYSTEMS OF MEASUREMENTS *METRIC system, International System *SI ( Systeme International) French Revolution *MKS System and CGS System. *BRITISH or English system ;the British Engineering System ( B.E.S. ) or the FPS system. X. Commonly Used Metric Prefixes

Basic Tools Standard of Measurement Mathematics Mathematics

A compact language for representing the ideas of physics that makes it easier to precisely state and manipulate the relationships between the quantities being measured. XI. Types of Equations *Direct Relationships Inverse Relationships Power Law Relationships Inverse Square Relationships

Equations *Direct Relationships A=k x B *Acceleration and force *Electric power and electric current *Wave frequency and wave velocity *Inverse Relationships A=k/B *For a given force, acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass being accelerated *The wavelength of light is inversely proportional to the frequency of light *Power Law Relationships A = k x Bn *One variable increases much more than the other *Inverse Square Relationships A = k / B2 *Light intensity and distance XII. CONVERSION OF UNITS *The changing of quantities from one unit system to another *The conversion factors, associated units treated as numerical fractions. *1 ft = 0.3048 m, 1 mi = 1.609 km, *1 hp = 746 W, 1 liter = 10-3 m3 *To multiply by an appropriate numerical factor: old units are canceled, desired units remain. *Sometimes, a series of factors may be used. Temperature

*Fahrenheit *Gabriel Fahrenheit 1700 *Freezing pt 320 *Boiling pt - 2120 *Celsius *Anders Celsius 1743 *Freezing pt - 00 *Boiling pt 1000 *Kelvin used in scientific research (2730 and 3730, respectively) Temperature Conversions *F to C *C to F XIII. XIV. XV. Trigonometry Scalars and Vectors Vector Addition and Subtraction