Tra Kyi =I/me he/him they/them etc. A People WY f\ subject 1 we she objet me us her subject object IT Lknow Ann. ‘Ann knows me, me we We know Ann. Ann knows us. us you You know Ann. Ann knows you. you he He knows Ann. Ann knows him. him she She knows Ann. Ann knows her. her they They know Ann. | Annknowsthem. them B rhings © [don't want this book. You can have it. © [don't want these books. You can have them. © Diane never drinks milk. She doesn't like it. © I never go to parties. I don’t like them. © We use me/her/them etc, (obec) after a preposition (for/to/with eta): © This letter isn't for me. It's for you. © Who is that woman? Why are you looking at her? © We're going to the cinema. Do you want to come with us? © Sue and Kevin are going to the cinema. Do you want to go with them? © “Where's the newspaper?” “You're sitting on it’ give it/them to ... : © I want that book. Please give it to me. © Robert wants these books. Can you give them to him, please? [124] my/his/their etc. => ENEE) Give me that book / Give it to me > IErota Kh = my/his/their etc. (rey hat) (oor pat) ee hat) (re rat) PEP 1 > my like my job. we > our We tie on jobs. you -> your You like your job. he — his He likes his job. she > her She likes her job. they — their They like their jobs. it — its Oxford (= it) is famous for its university. We use my/your/his etc, + a noun: my hands his mother her new car ourhouse your bestfriend _their room B his/her/their MIR AND MRS THOMSON her car (= Diane's car) her husband i their daughter (= Diane's husband) 2@ her children i their children (= Diane's children) be 7 c its and it’s its (Oxford is famous for its universit it’s (= itis) like Oxford, It’s a nice city. (= It is a nice city) [126] mine/yours etc. => I/me/my/mine =>[128] Whose is this? __ It’s mine/yours/hers etc. 13 my > mine It’s my money. It’s mine, we > our — ours Its our money. Its ours. you —> your — yours It’s your money. _Its--yours. he + his — his Its his money. Its his. she > her — hers It’s her money. Its hers. they > their > theirs Its their money. Its theirs. We use my/your etc, + a noun (my hands / your book etc): © My hands are cold. © Is this your book? © Ann gave me her umbrella. © Ie’ their problem, not our problem. We use mine/yours etc. without a noun © Is this book mine or yours? (= my book or your book) © I didn’t have an umbrella, so Ann gave me hers. (= her umbrella) © Ics their problem, not ours. (= not our problem) © We went in our car and they went in theirs. (= their car) You can use his with or without a noun © “Is this his camera or he: ‘It’s his.” a friend of mine / friend of his / some friends of yours et © 1 went out to meet a friend of mine. (not ‘a friend of me’) © Tom was with a friend of his. (not ‘a friend of him’) © Are those people friends of yours? (not ‘friends of you’) Whose e You can use whose with or without a noun: © Whose money is this? ‘Whose is this? © Whose shoes are these? ‘Whose are these? } tes mine. } They're John's. my/his/their etc. => [NEED V/me/my/mine = ‘Ann's camera / my brother’s car =>Pd i = I/me/my/mine Tet. me etc my etc. mine et (= Unit 58) (2 Unit 58) (= Unit 59) (= Unit 60) I know Tom. Tom knows me. —_| It's my car. Its mine. We know Tom. | Tom knows us. Itsour car. | It's ours. You know Tom. | Tomknows you. | It'syourcar. | It’s yours. He knows Tom. | Tomknowshim. | It’s his car. Its his, She knows Tom. | Tomknowsher. | It’s her car. Its hers. They know Tom. | Tom knows them. | Its their car. | It’s theirs. ‘Do you know that man?” ‘Yes, I know him but I can’t remember his name! © She was very pleased because we invited her to stay with us at our house. © A: Where are the children? Have you seen them? B: Yes, they are playing with th snd in the park. © That's my pen. Can you give it to me, please? © ‘Is this your umbrella?’ ‘No, it’s yours’ © He didn’t have an umbrella, so she gave him hers. (= she gave her umbrella to him) © I’m meeting a friend of mine this evening. (not ‘a friend of me’) [130] myself/yourselfctc. => [IEA Give me that book / Give it to me =>Pres 62 [132] myself/yourself/themselves etc. Help yourself He’s looking at himself. They're enjoying themselves. [> me > myself © Tlooked at myself in the mirror. he + him > himself © He cut himself with a knife. she > her — herself © She fell off her bike but she didn’t hurt herself. yourself © Please help yourself. (one person) eo (eaeene © Please help yourselves. (110 or more people) we > us — ourselves © We had a good holiday, We enjoyed ourselves. they — them— themselves | © They hada nice time. They enjoyed themselves. Compare: myself/himself/themselves etc. He islooking a hikapalf rw C she same person — ba Sometimes I talk to myself, © They paid for themselves. © Be careful. Don't hurt yourself. me/him/them et. She is looking at him L different people — © You never talk to me © [ didn't pay for them. © Did [ hurt you? by myself / by yourself etc. = alone © I went on holiday by myself. (= I went alone) © ‘Was she with friends?” ‘No, she was by herself” each other © Jill and Ann are good friends. They know each other well. ill knows Ann /Ann knows Jill) © Paul and I live near each other. (= he lives near me / I live near him) ail Compare each other and -selves: STEVE STEVE © Steve and Sue looked at each other. (= he looked at her / she looked at him) © Steve and Sue looked at themselves. (= he looked at himself / she looked at herself)rhs I'm American. I’m from Chicago.) & om (My favourite colour is blue. S65. \ JSD (ii trourite spore are football and swimming. ‘My father is a doctor and my ad See mother is a journalist. ink I’m interested in art. B positive negative 1 am ('m) 1 am not (I’m not) he (he’s) he (he’s not or ote (she’s) she bis mot Ghe’snot or it (it’s) it (i’snot or we (we're) we (we're not or we aren't) you | are (you're) you bare not (you're not or you aren’t) they (they're) they (they're not or they aren’t) @ I’m cold. Can you close the window, please? © I'm 32 years old, My sister is 29. @ My brother is very tall. He’s a policeman, @ John is affaid of dogs. ue Yar t’s ten o'clock. You're late again. @ Ann and I are good friends. @ Your keys are on the table. @'m tired but I’m not hungry. @ Tom isn’t interested in politics. He’s interested in music. @ Jane isn’t at home at the moment. She’s at work. Those people aren’t English. They're Australian. @ It’s sunny today but it isn’t warm. C that’s =thatis —there’s = there is _here’s = here is Thank you. Thar’s very kind of you. @ Look! There’s Chris. @'Here’s your key’ ‘Thank you! 10) am/is/are (questions) = EY there is/are => aan => (rs 2 A [12] am/is/are (questions) we ‘How old are you? you | - ag @'Am I late?’ ‘No, you're on time? els your mother at home?’ ‘No, she’s out? a ‘Are your parents at home?" ‘No, they're out? PYG? Teer Gr tn ther e's it cold in your room?” "Yes, a lite? @ Your shoes are nice. Are they new? We say: ls she at home? / Is your mother at home? (no ‘Is at home your mother?’) @ Are they new? / Are your shoes new? (not ‘Are new your shoes?’) ‘Where / What / Who ... ? / How ... ?/ Why ...? © Where is your mother? Is she at home? “Where are you from?” ‘Canada’ ‘What colour is your car?” ‘It's red ‘How old is Joe” ‘He's 24! © How are your parents? Are they well? © Why are you angry? ‘How much are these postcards?” ‘Fifty pence? what's = whatis who's = whois how's =how is —_ where’s = where is (© What's the time? Who's that man? © Where’s Jill? @How’s your father? short answers Yes, Lam. No, I'm not. he he's he Yes, she fi no she’s not. or no {se isn’t. it it’s it we we're we vey a. no soe oe or No.{ you | aren't they they're they ‘Are you tired?” ‘Yes, am.’ ‘Are you hungry?’ ‘No, I’m not but I'm thirsty’ @'Is your friend English?” “Yes, he is. y @ “Are these your keys?” “Yes, they are.” @‘That’s my seat, ‘No, it isn’t? ced or Seti to S's smn/in/are => EY questions = what/which/how => [INETrr 3 lam doing (present continuous) ‘ i a) sf ut She’s eating. It’s raining They're running. She isn’t reading. The sun isn’t shining. They aren’t walking, The present continuous is: am/is/are + doing/eating/running/writing etc Tam (not) -ing — ’m working. he chris is writing a letter. she bis (not) -ing She isn’t eating. (or She’s not cating.) it The phone is ringing we We're having dinner. you } are (not) -ing You're not listening to me. (or You aren’t ...) they The children are doing their homework. /are + ~ing = something is happening now: Teal she’s wearing a hat they're playing football I'm not watching television past ————— now, ——___________—- ture @ Please be quiet. I’m working. (= I'm working now) @ Look at Sue! She’s wearing her new hat. (= she is wearing it now) @ The weather is nice at the moment. It’s not raining. @ ‘Where are the children?” “They’re playing in the park’ © (on the phone) We're having dinner now. Can you phone again later? @ You can turn off the television. I’m not watching it Spelling (=> Appendix 5): come coming write > writing dance > dancing run running sit—sitting swim — swimming lie > lying am/is/are > [Bare you doing? (questions) => Tam doing and1 do => [ITE] (4) ‘What are you doing tomorrow? =rts rt are you doing? (present continuous questions) A positive question 1 am am | he doing he | doing? a working a { te working? i it | going? staying? we ar {yo et. they Is it raining? BOK? “Yes, Pm fi “Yes, take an umbrella thank you? © Why are you wearing a coat? It’s not cold. ‘What's Paul doing” @ ‘What are the children “He’s reading the newspaper! doing?” “They're watching television’ @ Look, there's ly! Where's she going? @ Who are you waiting for? Are you waiting for Sue? Study the word order: is/are + Is Is Where are ‘Where are Cc short answers subject he Paul they those people going? + -ing working today? working today? going? (not ‘Is working Paul today?’) (not ‘Where are going those people?’) Yes, am. No, I'm not. he he’s he Yes, she fis. No she’s pnot. or wo {he isn’t. it its it we we're we vf we fae Nod youre | not. or No, you | arent. they they're they © ‘Are you going now?" ‘Yes, Lam.” Is Paul working today?” “Yes, he is." @ ‘Is itraining?” “No, it isn’t.” @ ‘Are your friends staying at a hotel?” ‘No, they aren’t. They're staying with me’ {16} Tam doing => ‘What are you doing tomorrow? => MIE questions => oH oz OREgTd ig =| do/work/like etc. (present simple) They're looking at their books. ting an i They read a lot. He likes ice-cream They read / he likes / I work etc. = the present simple: I/we/you/they read like work live — watch do have he/she/it__reads__likes. works lives watches does has Remember: he works / she lives / it rains etc © Lwork ina shop. My brother works in a bank. _ (not ‘My brother work’) © Linda lives in London. Her parents live in Scotland. © It rains a lot in winter. Ihave - he/she/it has: © John has a shower every day. Spelling (=> Appendix 5): ~es after-s/-sh/-ch: pass > passes finish finishes watch —> watches -y -ies: study studies try > tries alo; do—does go goes B We use the present simple for things that are true in general, or for things that happen sometimes or al che time: ike big cities. The shops open at 9 o'clock and close at 5.30. Tim works very hard. He starts at 7.30 and finishes at 8 o'clock in the evening. The Earth goes round the Sus We do a lot of different things in our free time. It costs a lot of money to stay at luxury hotels. C always/never/often/sometimes/usually + present simple © Sue always arrives at work eatly. (not ‘Sue arrives always’) © Lusually go to work by car but sometimes I walk. (not ‘I go usually’) © Julia never eats breakfast © “Tom lives near us, We often see him. T don't ... (negative) = Do you ...? (question) => [EJ Tam doing and1 do = IY [18] always/usually /often etc. (word order) => IIErhe 6 I don’t ... (present simple negative) A The present simple negative is don’t/doesn’t + verb: ‘ ath) ih She doesn’t drink coffee. He doesn’t like his job. positive negative 1 | work I we | like we | do not you | do you | (don’t) | work they | have they like he | works he do he | likes she | does not | have she | does (doesn’t) it it has © I drink coffee but I don’t drink tea. © Sue drinks tea but she doesn’t drink coffee. © You don’t work very hard. © We don’t watch television very ofte! © The weather is usually nice. It doesn’t rain very often. © Gerry and Linda don’t know many people. B Remember: I/we/you/they don’e ... @ 1 don’t like football. he/she/it doesn’t... @ He doesn’t like football. © I don’t like Fred and Fred doesn’t like me. (not ‘Fred don't like’) © My car doesn’t use much petrol. (not My car don’t use’) © Sometimes he is late but it doesn’t happen very often. C We use don’t/doesn’t + infinitive (don’t like / doesn’t speak / doesn’t do etc): © [don’t like washing the car. I don’t do it very often. © Sandra speaks Spanish but she doesn’t speak Italian. (not ‘doesn’t speaks’) © Bill doesn’t do his job very well. (nor ‘Bill doesn't his job’) @ Paula doesn’t usually have breakfast, (not ‘doesn’t ... has’) [20] I do/work/like etc. (present simple) = Do you ....? (present simple questions) =>re yim Doyou ... ? (present simple questions) A We use do/does in present simple questions: positive question 1 | work 1 we | like we you | do do | you | work? they | have they | like? orks - | do? he | wor he : she | likes does | she | have? does it it has B Study the word order: do/does + subject + infinitive Do | you work | in the evening? Do | your friends | tive | near here? Does | Chris play | tennis? Where | do | your parents | live? How often | do | you wash _| your hair? What | does | thisword | mean? How much | does | it cost | to fly to Rome? Questions with always/usually often: Do | you | always | have | breakfast? Does | Chris| often | play | tennis? What] do | you | usually | do | at weekends? What do you do? = What's your job?: ‘© What do you do?’ ‘I work ina bank’ C Remember: do I/we/you/they ..._ @ Do they like music? does he/she/it © Does he like music? D short answers L/we/you/they do. V/we/you/they don’t. Yes, No, he/she/it_ does. he/she/it_ doesn’t. ‘Do you play tennis? ‘No, I don’t? © ‘Do your parents speak English?” “Yes, they do! © ‘Does George work hard?" “Yes, he does” © ‘Does your sister live in London.’ ‘No, she doesn’ 1 don't. (negative) => questions => 22] Tdo/work/like eve. =>rr | am doing and | do (present continuous and present simple) Jim is watching television. He is not playing the guitar. But Jim has a guitar. He often plays it and he plays very well. Jim plays the guitar but he is not playing the guitar now. Is he playing the guitar? No, he isn’t. (present continuous) Does he play the guitar? Yes, he does. (present simple) B Present continuous (I am doing) — now, at the time of speaking: Pm doing past ——_—_—_—_—_———— ws —_______ ture Please be quiet. ’m working. (not ‘I work’) © Tom is having a shower at the moment. (not “Tom has’) Take an umbrella with you. It’s raining. @ You can turn off the television. I’m not watching it. @ Why are you under the table? What are you doing? C Present simple (X do) —in general, all the time or sometimes: -<______—_{f} jj—____> past ——— now, ———_———— future 1 work every day from 9 o'clock to 5.30. ‘© Tom has a shower every morning. rains a lor in winter. @1 don’t watch television very often. © What do you usually do at the weekend? D We do not use these verbs in the present continuous (I am -ing): like love want know understand = remember — depend prefer hate need = mean __ believe forget Use the present simple only with these verbs (I want / do you like? etc.): @1'm tired, I want to go home. (not ‘I'm wanting’) ©'Do you know that girl?” “Yes, but I don’t remember her name? 1 don’t understand. What do you mean? [24] present continuous = present simple = present forthe future =