mantle

Outer core

inner core
Outer core and inner core

Outer core and inner core

S waves can pass through on the mantle.

They can pass through solid, liquid, and gas.

They can only pass through solids.

 Mantle is solid, outer core is liquid, and the inner core is solid.

It is an area of the Earth's surface where seismographs cannot detect direct P waves and S waves from an earthquake.

Geologists record the seismic waves and study how they travel through Earth. The
energy from earthquakes travels in waves. Seismologists use seismic waves to learn
about earthquakes and also to learn about the Earth's interior.

Studies of the different types of seismic waves can tell us much about the nature of the Earth's
structure. For example, seismologists can use the direction and the difference in the arrival times
between P-waves and S-waves to determine the distance to the source of an earthquake. At the
same time, geologists use earthquake waves to determine the depths of layers of molten and semi-
molten material within Earth.