3ByKoBoH Npo6HNK-ommerp (4 BapnanTa) 5) KAZUS.RU » Karaor npWHUMNUa ASHE cxeN » aMepuTensHne npuBoDE Ana "nposeorkn" panvogeranelt n MoHTaKHbIX Leneii YacTo UConbsyioT aBOMETP & PexXvMe HSMepeHHiA CoNPOTHENeHWA AGO OTAENbHBI OMMETp CO CTpENOUHDIM WHankaTopom, Npn paGoTe ¢ HMM To M Aeno NpMxOAHTCA NepesopNTe BsrnAg Ha CTpenky. Ecnn >ke 0coGas TOUHOCTS MsMepeHHit He TpeSyeTcA, NDMMeHAWT Gonee nPocTo! npobHNK (CO CBETOBBIM UHAMKATOPOM Ha NaMne HakANWBaHUA UNM CBeTOAMONE. Hou Ha TaKolt npuGop Bce 2ke MpHXOAUTCA HACTO NornApbIBATD. NosTOMy yAO6HEE NoNbsOBATHCA MpoGHinkom co 28yKOEON crrHannzayneli, cobpats KOTOpbIli mbl M MpeANaraeM Mo opHOM W3 npweenenHex cxem (puc. 1-3). 3BYKOBLIM MHOVKSTOPOM CAYXUT MUHVATIOBHbI roNOBHOM TenedboH, SCTPOeHHbIH B Kopnyce npoSHnka nu60 noakniouaembilt oTmenbHO Hepes mukpoTenedoHHoe rHesA0. NpumeHenne KpeMHnesbx TpaHsMcTOpos OGeCneunT BbICOKYIO HaAeXHOCTD 4 SKOHOMMUHOCTS YCTPONICTS. Mpv paszoMKHyTEX Wynax NoTpeGneHNe ToKa OT MCTOUHHKa Hanpaenus 1,5 B (anemeHT 316 unu 332) npakTiMueckn OTCyTCTByeT, a B PexXuMe wuankaunn ero BennunHa He npesbiulaeT 3 MA. Bce ycrpolictea co6pati Ha OcHOBe HeobbiWHoro GnoKMHr-reHepaTopa, BbINONHEHHOTO no "TpextouewHo" cxeme. Y nepsoro npo6HuKa (puc.1) cexumnn Ia v I6 nepsn4HOl OGMoTKM TpaHcibopMaTopa T1 HenocpeACTBeHHO BKMIOUeHE! COOTRETCTBEHHO B Lien Gaabl W konnextopa TpaHsnctopa VT1, a Tenedbou BF1 senserca Harpy3Koi BTopnuHolt O6MOTKM T1. B HCKOgHOM COCTORHMM (uyynbt XP1 M XP2 pazoMiHyTbl) MCTOUNIK nuTaHHA G1 oTKMIO4eH OT reHepatopa, H 3ByKa & TenetboHe HeT. ECA WynbI 3aMKHYyTb Me2AY coGoli, HanpmKeHNe NUTAHUA Yepes OrpaHMuNTeNbuBIA pesncTop R1 Noctynaer Ha yctpolicteo. Uepes cexuio Ia TpaHctbopmaropa Ha 6aze TpaHsnctopa sosHMKaeT NonoxkuTenbHoe cMeLeHKe, M GNaromapA CHnbHol NonoxnTeNbHOn O6paTHoA cemsn (MOC) Mexay cekuMamn oGMoTKn I reHepaTop Bo3GyanTcA. 3 TenedoHa nocnbWTcA sByK Huakoro ToHa (ero UaCTOTa onpefeNAeTCA NapaMeTpaMM BCeX BXOAALIMX B reHepaTOp |nemenTos). Ecnn 8 npoBepreMoii Lien WMeeTCA CONPOTHENeHHe, OHO, ECTeCTBeHHO, OkaKETCA BKMOUEHHBIM NOCNEAOBATENMBHO C pesHCTOPOM R1. B pezymbtate TOKH Konnekropa m Gasbl yMeHbWaTCA, CHS Tem caMbM H rnyGHHy TOC, aeiicTeyrowyIo mexay KOMNEKTOPHO-Gaz0BbIMM LleMaMM TpaHSMCTOpa, UTO, B CBOI0 ONepen, NpMBeAeT K VeMeHeHio xapakTepa SByKAa & TeNethoHe - TOHANLHOCTb MOBBICUTCA, 2 TPOMKOCTS CTaHET MeHbule. OpMeHTHpyAce Mo STAM NpUSHAKaM, MOKHO Ha cnyx MpHOnNsHTeENBHO ONpeAeNHTD Bennuniy ConpoTHENeHNA B rpaHMLax M3MepHTenbHOrO UNTepBana, COCTasnAIoWero ANA AakHoro npoGHMiKa KONO 1 KOM. Korfa npn KaCaHHM WynaMn yuacTkKa MaMepaemol Lenn B TeNehOHE CNbILIMB TONBKO WOPOXH, STO YKASbIBAET, UTO CONPOTHBNEHHE ASHHOTO yuacTka npeabiuiaeT 1 KOM. MonHoe oTcyTcTEKe SayKa O3HauaeT O6pbIB MIN Ke KOCBEHHO NoSBONAeT Npe~NoNo2xkHTB, UTO CONPOTHENeHe NPOBEpAEMOM LIEN CAMUIKOM BENNKO. a1 330 Puc.d PHG.2 Ho ecni Bam noTpe6yeTcA NPOSHHK, pearupylioulMli 3BYKOBLIM CHrHanoM Ha Bones BbICOKOe ConpoTuaneHe Len, CKaKEM AO 100 KOM, BocnonssyiiTece cxemoli, pepctasnesHol Ha picyHke 2. Ee oTnMuMe OT npepbiAyW\ero BApHaHTa B TOM, “TO 2qeCb paGoToii Gnokwr-reHepaTopa ynpasnseT HSMepiTenbHaA Lienb, noakniouaeman MocpeAcTsom Wynos MeXx~AY KPaMHAM BbIBOAOM CeKLIMM 1a OOMOTKN TpaHcdopmaTopa T1 v sis0fom 6aabi TpaHsucTopa VT1. Ecnn nposeprembili yuacToK He HapylleH, Wepes Hero, B0-nepabix, NoctynaeT HanpaxeHNe CMeWjeHHA Ha Gazy VT1 1, B0-BTOpbIX, aMKHETCA en MOC: TpaHancrop oTKpoeTca, M 3apaGoTaeT SByKOBOM reHepaTop. Koraa Mexay ulynaMn CBs HapyweHa, OOWaA Len Nopaun cMeUeHuA H MOC oKaKeTCA OGOpBaHHON, apaHanctop VTi 2axperT, rexeparop paGotats He 6yneT. Motpebnmembit ycTpovicraom 8 3TOM pexkume TOK - He Gonee 0,1 MKA- HACTOMKO MHSepHbili, UTO Ha pecypc SnemeHTa NpakTMueckn He BNMReT. No3TOMy BbIKnOYATENd OKaSANCA He HY KH. Hanaxnsanve o60vx MpoSHNKOS CB0quTCA K noAGopy ConpoTHsneHMA peanctopa R1, AoGneaiotca HanGonee rpom Koro 3ByKa HU3KOl TOHANHOCTH MPN ZaMKHYTHX LUyTAX. Tpetuii npo6uk coBepuieHHee Ceonx cobpaTses. Hanmune KHONOWHOrO Nepekniouatenn SB1 (pvc.3) H CBASaHHbIX C HVM pesncTopos R2 M R3 nosBonHn BBECTH Ba npegena MHANKaLIAM: O- 20 OM u 0-200 KOM. PaculMpeHue npenenos maMepeHiA octurnyto 6naronapa npuMeHeHiio AByx TpaHsncropos (VT1 VT2), Bkmo4eHHEX No cxeMme Tak Ha3biIBaeMoro COCTaBHOrO TpaHsHcTopa. Mpiuem sHyTpeHHee conpoTHaneHne yuacrica "konnextop - amuTTep" VT1 2aBvcHT OT pesynbTpyiowero nonoxnTensHoro CMeuleHHia Ha ero Gaze, CoZAaBaemoro JeNMTenem HaNps!KEHNA, COCTABNeHHOTO M3 conpotneneHinii nposepremoii Lenn n pesuctopa R2 (nn R3). 310 TpaHsncTop ynpaanseT pa6oToi Gnokuur-reHepaTopa Ha VT2, Ena Takum O6pas0M Ha YaCTOTY 4 aMnaMTyAY ero KoneGaHni, BocnponsBoaNMEXx KancioneM BF1. Ecan 2ke uynbi XP1 u XP2 pazoMkHyTb! AMGo uCCneayemas Lienb veer OOpbie, sByKa He GyneT, NocKORKY TpaHSNcTOp VT1 6yAeT HAXOAUTECA & SAKPBITOM COCTORHMH, paspiean ob wlyio Len’ nogaun nuTaHnA 1 NOC c o6MoTKH Ia TpaHctbopmatopa Ha Gazy apaHenctopa VT2, KOTOpbIa acneACTENe STOM NpMUNHDI TaOKe OKASbIBAeTCA SaKpHITAIM. B AaHHOM pexvme noTpeGnAembii TOK He NpesbIwaeT 0,1-0,2 MKA, YTO MHOrO MeHbWwe TOKa camopaspana SnemenTa G1. B paccMaTpvBaeMoll KOHCTPyKLMA HeT HeOBXOAMMOCTH B AONONHuTeNBHOM pesucTope, orpaHnunBaoeM TOK 6asbI VT1, NocKonBKy B mo60m ‘enyuae STOT TOK He MpesbIaeT NpegfenbHo AONyCTHMBIX sHaYeHMit ANA AaHHOrO THna ‘TpaHsnctopa. OGACHAeTCA STO TeM, UTO VT1 paGoTaeT B PexXKME MVKPOTOKOB - TOK Uepes ero yuaCTOK "KO;MeKTOP - SMMTTep" OrpaHvueH aKTHBHLIM ConpOTUBNeHKeM o6moTKM CexuMM Ia TpaHctbopmaropa T1, pesucTopa Ri u nepexoga "Gaza - smuttep" VT2 w cocragnmet He Gonee 0,4- 0,6 MA; TOK Gazi VT1 ECerfa MHOro MeHbuNe STOMA BennunHel. Puc. Hanaxusanve npo6uvika-ommerpa yAo6Hee npenBapvTenbHo BbInonHiMTS, co6paB ero Ha BpeMeHHol MakeTHOM nnate, ncKnioUNE SfeMeHTe SB1, R2, R3. 3akopaunsaioT Wyn! u, nog6upas conpoTnsnenne pescTopa Ri, noGuBatTCH HanGonee rpomKoro SByKa Huakoro ToHa. 3aTeM, NOACOeAUHNE KO BXOAY YeTPOlicTea NepeMeHHbIi pesucTop Ha 680 KOm un 1 MOM 1 MeaneHHo yeennuneas ero conpoTManeHue, onpegensiot nonHbilt AnanazoH MHgMKaUWNn NPOGHUKA, OTMETHE NONOKEHVe ABIDKKa B MOMEHT NCHesHOBEHMA aByKa B Tene (boxe. OTKniaUaIOT pesHcTOp M SaMepAIOT NonyYeHHOe ConpoTHMBNeHHe aBOMeTPOM, CocTaansioulee, KAK NPaBWNo, 350-500 KOM. B STHX rpaHVLax MOryT GeIT> obpasonaH! aga moGbix VaMepuTenbHBX Npenena. CKaxkem, ana yCTaHoskn npenena "20 Om" Ko BxOpy NPOGHHKa NOACOeAMHAIOT NOCTORHHBIA pesucTOp TAKOl Ke BENHUMH! (cTanaapTHoi”i pesvcTop Ha 22 OM) m, BpeMeHHO BKnIOUMB pesMcTop R2 Mexay SMMTTepOM VT2 w Gaz0ii VT1, nogGupator ero ConpoTHENeHNe No MMUMyMy rPOMKOCTH B TenedoHe - NonyaloT BepxHioe rpaHvLiy SToro Npenena. 3aTem TOUHO Tak xe KO BxoAY NPObHMKA MogcoeaMHAIoT pesnctop Ha 200 KOM M1, noAbupan HoMMHaN pesMicTopa R3, HaCTpaMBaioT npegen "200 k", Mocne uero geTann C BPeMEHHO! HanagoUHO! nnaTbl NepeHocAT Ha ocToRHHy!O. Ecan goctaToweH Tonbko ANH WaMepnTenbHbit Npenen, cxemy NPOGHUKa MOxKHO ynpoctis. Vickniouns snemeHTs! SB1, R2, R3, NoAyUKM UsMepuTenbHD”i MpeAeN, COOTBETCTBYIOWINi paboueMy ananasoHy npHGopa. B ToM cnyyae, Korga Hy:keH Gonee HuEKHiA Npegen mHpNKaUIMN, Mexay a™uTTepOM VT2 M Gazi VTL ycraHaBnneaioT WYHTHPYUIMA pesucTop, ConpoTHENeHVe KOTOporo NOAGpAIOT B COOTBETCTBMK C BEIMIECKaZaHHbIMI peKOMeHAaLIMAMN. Puc.4 Ha npakTuke, ofHako, Ualle BosHMKaeT NoTpeGHOCTs & NPObHKe C HeCKONeKMMN veMepTenbHmn npefenamn, NosBONsIOWYeM TOUHee onpegenaT ConpoTManeHne uccneayembx Lienelt. Cxema Takoro npnopa - Ha pcyHKe 4. NpobHHK MMeeT NATE npegenos WHAMKALINA, MpMUeM v3 HUX UeTbIDe OOpasyioTCA B MOMeHT 3aMbiKaHIAA coorsercreyiowjel KHonku SB1-SB4, a HanBonee ebicokoomHbih, naTHI npenen, pasHbiii NonHomy qvanasoHy npvGopa, co2faeTcs, Korfia Bce KHONKM OT>KaTBI (3Ta NOSMLKA oToGpaxena Ha pucyHKe 4), as npo6unka npvMeHumel Cneayioulne SneMeHTbI. TpaHMcTopsl - mioGble cei KT201, KT312, KT3i5, KT342, KT373 ctpyxtypi n-p-n, c KosddbuuneHTom nepegaun ToKa 631 Gonee 30. A noMeHAB NONAPHOCTe MCTOUHNKa MMTaHHA G1 Ha oBpaTHy!o, MOxkHO Mcnonb30BaTb TpaHsncrops! KT104, KT203, KT350 - KT352, KT361 ¢ moGom GyKBeHHbIM MHNEKCOM CTpyKTYpsl p-n-p. Peaucropsi MIIT-0,125 - MIIT-0,5. T1 - spixoaHoii tpaHicchopmatop oT mo6oro manora6apuTHoro TpaH3McTopHoro pagnonpvemHnka. MepekniouaTenn npenenos WHanKaunn - KHOnOUHEIE ManoraGapHTHEIe THnbl KM-1, KMQ-1, Monoviayt m camonenbHbie, veroToBneHubie Ha Gaze MMKponepeKmiouaTens MM1-1,MM3- 1,MM5,MM7,Mm9,MML0, MM11, unn tym6nep MT1-1 (puc.3). BF1-snektpomarnuTHeilt Kancions [[3MLU-1, mnxporenedbou TM-2A uni apyrolt c ConpoTneneHinem KaTYUIKM NOCTORHHOMY Toy 180- 300 Om. He VicKnioNeHO NpuMeHeHne TeneoHHbX Kancioneli C MeHb_MM ConpOTHEAeHHeM KaTYWKH, OfHaKO B NOCNenHEM Cnyuae BEPXHAR rpaHVLla MSMEpMTeNMbHOrO AMANasOHA GyAeT HDKe. OnvcaHuble NpOBHHKN NpVrOAHb ANA "NPOSBOHKH" MOHTaKa PASNMUHbIX KOHCTPYKLIM, pogepkn npemoxparinreneli, nepekmiouaTeneli, naMn HakanneaHns, HarpesaTenbHbx SnemeHTos, KaTYIEK NHAYKTHBHOCTH, O6MOTOK TpaHctopmatopos, SneKkTpogeurareneh 1 BNeKTPOMarHMITHDIX pene, pesCcTOpOE M Apyrnx AeTaneli. MlonynpososHMKOBbIe npM“Gopb! - AMOI MU TPAHSUCTOpbI - NPOBEPHIOT, CPABHHBAR NpAMOE 4 OBPATHOe ConpoTHENEHHE Ux P-n nepexogos. B cnyuae npobos sayk 6yneT npn micGom nonoxkeHNM Lynos; NpM o6pEIBe Bayk oTcyTcTayer. Kpome Toro, MoxkHO NPOBeEpATS KaHeCTBO KOHAEHCATOpOS M NPMOMMSHTENbHO OleHNBaTS UX eMKOCTb. eM Eble V2MepHMTeNbHbi Npegen NpoBUNKa, TeM Ha MeHbLYIO eMKOCT» OH CnocoBeH OTpearvpoBaTe SByKOBBIM CHTHaNOM. UicTouHnk: Mogennct-Koxctpyktop 10-89, crp.28 ABTop: E, CABMLIKMM r. KopocteHb