Binder Test-19 (Economy Revision Test) ENGLISH

DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
Test No.
GENERAL STUDIES
ECONOMY REVISION TEST
19
Time Allowed: Two Hours Maximum Marks: 200
INSTRUCTIONS
1. IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE EXAMINATION, YOU SHOULD CHECK THAT
THIS TEST BOOKLET DOES NOT HAVE ANY UNPRINTED OR TORN OR MISSING PAGES OR ITEMS,
ETC. IF SO, GET IT REPLACED BY A COMPLETE TEST BOOKLET.
2. Please note that it is the candidate’s responsibility to encode and fill in the Roll Number carefully
without any omission or discrepancy at the appropriate places in the OMR Answer Sheet. Any
omission/discrepancy will render the Answer Sheet liable for rejection.
3. You have to enter your Roll Number on the test booklet in the Box provided
alongside. DO NOT write anything else on the Test Booklet.
4. This Test Booklet contains 100 items (questions). Each item is printed in English. Each item comprises four
responses (answers). You will select the response which you want to mark on the Answer Sheet. In case you
feel that there is more than one correct response, mark the response which you consider the best. In any case,
choose ONLY ONE response for each item.
5. You have to mark all your responses ONLY on the separate Answer Sheet provided. See directions in the Answer
Sheet.
6. All items carry equal marks.
7. Before you proceed to mark in the Answer Sheet in response to various items in the Test Booklet, you have to fill
in some particulars in the Answer Sheet as per instructions sent to you with your Admission Certificate.
8. After you have completed filling in all your responses on the Answer Sheet and the examination has concluded,
you should hand over to the Invigilator only the Answer Sheet. You are permitted to take away with you the
Test Booklet.
9. Sheets for rough work are appended in the Test Booklet at the end.
10. Penalty for wrong answers:
THERE WILL BE PENALTY FOR WRONG ANSWERS MARKED BY A CANDIDATE IN THE OBJECTIVE
TYPE QUESTION PAPERS.
(i) There are four alternatives for the answer to every question. For each question for which a wrong answer
has been given by the candidate, one-third of the marks assigned to that question will be deducted as
penalty.
(ii) If a candidate gives more than one answer, it will be treated as a wrong answer even if one of the given
answers happens to be correct and there will be same penalty as above to that question.
(iii) If a question is left blank, i.e., no answer is given by the candidate, there will be no penalty for that
question.
DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
1. Consider the following statements 4. Consider the following statements
regarding the Money Multiplier: regarding the Small Finance Banks:
1. It illustrates the extent to which changes 1. All Small Finance Banks provide Fixed
in the volume of deposits have an impact and Recurring Deposits.
on the money supply. 2. It is mandatory for Small Finance Banks
2. The reserve multiplier for the money to set up at least 50 percent of its branches
supply rises when the banks' reserve in the unbanked remote and rural areas.
requirements fall, and vice versa. 3. Small Finance Banks was recommended
by the Y V Reddy committee on financial
Which of the above statements is/are correct? inclusion.
(a) 1 only Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(b) 2 only (a) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) 1 only
(d) None of the above
2. Which of the following statements is/
are correct regarding the Insurance
RE
Regulatory and Development Authority 5. Which of the following statements
of India (IRDAI)? regarding the Investment Models in
India is incorrect?
1. IRDAI is an autonomous and statutory
body of Government of India. (a) In the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT)
model, the private sector partner has
2. The functions of IRDAI involves to bring the finance for the project and
registering and regulating insurance take the responsibility to construct and
companies.
O maintain it.
3. IRDAI is responsible for managing (b) In Hybrid Annuity Model (HAM), the
and regulating both insurance and re- government will contribute to 40% of the
insurance industry in India. project cost in the first five years through
annual payments (annuity) whereas
SC
Select the correct answer using the code given the remaining 60% is paid as variable
annuity amount after the completion of
below: the project.
(a) 1 and 2 only (c) In Lease-Develop-Operate (LDO) model,
(b) 2 and 3 only the private sector entity retains ownership
of the newly created infrastructure facility
(c) 1 and 3 only and receives payments in terms of a lease
(d) 1, 2 and 3 agreement with the government.
GS
(d) In Design-Build-Operate-Transfer
3. With respect to Regional Rural (DBFOT) model, entire responsibility
Banks (RRBs), which of the following for the design, construction, finance, and
operation of the project for the period of
statements is NOT correct?
concession lies with the private party.
(a) Regional Rural Banks were set up on
the basis of the recommendations of the 6. Advance Pricing Agreement (APA)
Narasimham Working Group (1975). provisions were introduced in the
(b) A regional rural bank's equity is held in Income-tax Act, 1961. Consider the
50:35:15 ratio by the Central Government, following statements regarding the
the relevant State Government, and the same:
Sponsor Bank. 1. An APA is a contract between a taxpayer
and at least one tax authority specifying
(c) Along with commercial banks, RRBs the pricing method that the taxpayer will
are now included in the priority sector apply to its related-company transactions
lending programme. for previous years.
(d) Providing lending and other facilities, 2. These agreements would be binding
particularly to small and marginal both on the taxpayer as well as the
farmers, agricultural labourers, craftsmen, government.
and small business owners in rural 3. The APA can be entered for the period of
regions, is the primary goal of RRBs. not less than 5 consecutive years.
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 2
1. eqæk xq.kd ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj 4. y?kq foÙk cSadksa ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj
dhft,% dhft,%
1- ;g og lhek Li"V djrk gS ftl lhek rd 1- lHkh y?kq foÙk cSad lkofèk vkSj vkorÊ tek,a
tekjkf'k;ksa dh ek=k esa ifjorZu dk eqæk vkiwÆr miyCèk djkrs gSaA
ij çHkko iM+rk gSA 2- y?kq foÙk cSadksa ds fy, viuh de ls de 50
2- tc cSadksa dh vkjf{kr vko';drk,a fxjrh gSa] çfr'kr 'kk[kk,a cSadjfgr nwjLFk vkSj xzkeh.k
{ks=ksa esa LFkkfir djuk vfuok;Z gSA
rks eqæk vkiwÆr ds fy, vkjf{kr xq.kd c<+
tkrk gS vkSj bldk myV Hkh gksrk gSA 3- foÙkh; lekos'ku ij okÃ-oh- jsìh lfefr }kjk
y?kq foÙk cSadksa dh vuq'kalk dh xÃ FkhA
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1
(a) dsoy 2
(b) dsoy 2 (b) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (c) dsoy 1
(d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2 (d) mi;qZä esa ls dksÃ ugÈ
2. Hkkjrh; chek fofu;ked vkSj fodkl çkfèkdj.k 5. Hkkjr esa fuos'kksa e‚My ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls
RE
(IRDAI) ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dkSu&lk dFku xyr gS\
dFku lgh gS@gSa\ (a) fuekZ.k&ifjpkyu&gLrkarj.k (BOT) e‚My esa]
futh {ks= ds Hkkxhnkj dks ifj;kstuk ds fy,
1- Hkkjrh; chek fofu;ked vkSj fodkl çkfèkdj.k
foÙk ykuk vkSj mlds fuekZ.k vkSj j[kj[kko dk
(IRDAI) Hkkjr ljdkj dk ,d Lok;Ùk vkSj mRrjnkf;Ro ysuk gksrk gSA
lkafofèkd fudk; gSA O (b) gkbZfczM&,U;wVh&ekWMy (HAM) esa] ljdkj
2- IRDAI ds dk;ks± esa chek daifu;ksa dk iathdj.k okÆ"kd Hkqxrku (okÆ"kdh) ds ekè;e ls igys
vkSj fofu;eu 'kkfey gSA ikap o"kks± esa ifj;kstuk ykxr dk 40% ;ksxnku
nsrh gS tcfd 'ks"k 60% dk ifj;kstuk iwjh
3- IRDAI Hkkjr esa chek vkSj iqucÊek m|ksx
gksus ds ckn ifjorZuh; okÆ"kdh jkf'k ds :i esa
nksuksa dk çcaèku vkSj fofu;eu djus ds fy,
SC
Hkqxrku fd;k tkrk gSA
mRrjnk;h gSA (c) yht&Msoyi&vkWijsV (LDO) e‚My esa] futh
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A {ks= dh bdkÃ uo fuÆer volajpuk lqfoèkkvksa
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 dh lqfoèkk dk LokfeRo cuk, j[krh gS vkSj
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3 ljdkj ds lkFk iêk vuqcaèk ds lanHkZ esa Hkqxrku
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 çkIr djrh gSA
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3 (d) fMtkbu&fcYM&Qkbus a l &vkW i js V &Vª k a l Qj
GS
(DBFOT) e‚My esa] fj;k;r dh vofèk ds

fy, ifj;kstuk dh fMtkbu] fuekZ.k] foÙk vkSj
3. {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSadksa (RRB) ds lacaèk esa] fuEufyf[kr ifjpkyu dk iwjk mRrjnkf;Ro futh i{k dk
esa ls dkSu&lk dFku lgh ugÈ gS\ gksrk gSA
(a) ujflEge dk;Z ny (1975) dh vuq'kalkvksa ds
vkèkkj ij {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSadksa dh LFkkiuk dh 6. vfxze ewY; fuèkkZj.k le>kSrk O;oLFkk (APA) ds
xÃ FkhA çkoèkkuksa dks vk;dj vfèkfu;e] 1961 esa çpfyr
(b) fdlh {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSad dh bfDoVh dsaæ fd;k x;k FkkA blds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij
ljdkj] lacafèkr jkT; ljdkj vkSj çk;kstd fopkj dhft,%
cSad }kjk 50%35%15 ds vuqikr esa j[kh tkrh 1- APA fdlh djnkrk vkSj de ls de ,d
gSA dj çkfèkdj.k ds chp ewY; fuèkkZj.k dh i)fr
(c) okf.kfT;d cSadksa ds lkFk] RRB Hkh vc fuÆn"V djus okyk vuqcaèk gS tks djnkrk chrs
çkFkfedrk {ks= _.kçnk; dk;ZØe esa 'kkfey o"kks± ds fy, vius lacafèkr daiuh ysunsu ij
gSaA ykxw djrk gSA
(d) RRB dk çkFkfed y{; xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa fo'ks"k 2- ;s vuqcaèk djnkrk vkSj ljdkj nksuksa ds fy,
:i ls y?kq vkSj lhekar fdlkuksa] [ksfrgj ckè;dkjh gksrs gSaA
etnwjksa] f'kYidkjksa vkSj y?kq O;olk; Lokfe;ksa 3- APA yxkrkj de ls de 5 o"kks± dh vofèk ds
dks _.k vkSj vU; lqfoèkk,a çnku djuk gSA fy, fd;k tk ldrk gSA
3 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
Which of the above statements is/are correct? Select the correct answer using the codes given
(a) 1 and 2 only below:
(b) 2 only (a) 1 and 2 only
(c) 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(d) None of the above (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
7. Consider the following statements:
1. The Gender Inequality Index uses 10. Consider the following statements:
three dimensions- reproductive health, 1. A Gini Coefficient of zero means that
Empowerment and Per Capita Income. everyone has the same income
2. A low GII value indicates low inequality 2. The Lorenz curve is used to represent
between women and men, and vice- economic inequality as well as unequal
versa. wealth distribution.
3. It is calculated separately for women
and men, and then aggregated using a Which of the above statements is/are correct?
harmonic mean across genders. (a) 1 only
RE
Which of the above statements is/are correct? (b) 2 only
(a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) 1 and 3 only

11. Consider the following statements
(d) 1, 2 and 3
O regarding Poverty estimation in India:
1. Poverty estimation in India is now carried
8. Which of the given statements is/are out by NITI Aayog’s task force
correct regarding inflation? 2. Poverty line estimation in India is based
SC
1. In the case of Cost Push Inflation the on the income levels
overall output in the economy does not 3. Up until 1993-94, the poverty line was
fall based on Uniform Resource Period
2. Deflation is when the overall price level (URP)
in the economy falls for a period of time.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
3. The core inflation measures exclude the
prices of highly volatile food and fuel (a) 1 and 2 only
GS
components (b) 2 and 3 only

Select the correct answer using the codes given (c) 1 and 3 only
below: (d) 1, 2 and 3
(a) 3 only
12. Which of the following statements
(b) 1 and 2 only
is/are correct regarding types of
(c) 2 and 3 only Unemployment in India?
(d) 1, 2 and 3 1. The Structural Unemployment refers to
the time lag between the jobs when an
individual is searching for a new job or is
9. Which of the following statements is/ switching between the jobs.
are correct regarding Non-Banking
Financial Company (NBFCs)? 2. Camouflaged Unemployment is in which
a bigger number of individuals are taking
1. It does not include any institution whose care of business than as a matter of fact
principal business is that of agriculture required.
activity
3. Cyclical Unemployment is result of the
2. NBFC can issue cheques drawn on itself. business cycle, where unemployment
3. NBFCs do not form part of the payment rises during recessions and declines with
and settlement system economic growth.
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 4
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
(c) dsoy 3 (c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
(d) mi;qZä esa ls dksÃ ugÈ (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
7. fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,% 10. fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%

1- ySafxd vlekurk lwpdkad esa rhu vk;keksa & 1- 'kwU; fxuh xq.kkad dk vFkZ gS fd lHkh dh vk;
çtuu LokLF;] vfèkdkfjrk vkSj çfr O;fä leku AgS
vk; dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
2- y‚jsat oØ dk vkÆFkd vlekurk ds lkFk&lkFk
2- GII dk de eku efgykvksa vkSj iq#"kksa ds chp
vleku èkulaifÙk ds forj.k dk fu:i.k djus
de vlekurk bafxr djrk gS vkSj bldk
ds fy, mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
myV Hkh gksrk gSA
3- bldh efgykvksa vkSj iq#"kksa ds fy, vyx&vyx
(a) dsoy 1
x.kuk dh tkrh gS] vkSj fQj lHkh Çyxksa esa
RE
lqlaxr ekè; dk mi;ksx dj leqPpf;r fd;k (b) dsoy 2
tkrk gSA (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ (d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2

(a) dsoy 1
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3 11. Hkkjr esa xjhch ds vuqeku ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
O 1- Hkkjr esa vc xjhch dk vuqeku NITI vk;ksx
ds dk;Z cy }kjk yxk;k tkrk gSA
8. fn, x, dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku eqækLQhfr ds
2- Hkkjr esa xjhch js[kk dk vuqeku vk; Lrj ij
SC
lacaèk esa lgh gS@gSa\ vkèkkfjr gSA
1- ekax çsfjr eqækLQhfr dh fLFkfr esa vFkZO;oLFkk
3- 1993&94 rd] xjhch js[kk ,dleku lalkèku
esa lexz mRiknu esa fxjkoV ugÈ vkrh gSA
vofèk (URP) ij vkèkkfjr FkhA
2- tc vFkZO;oLFkk esa lexz dher Lrj dqN le;
ds fy, fxj tkrk gS] rks viLQhfr gksrh gSA
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
3- ewyHkwr eqækLQhfr esa vR;fèkd vfLFkj [kk|
GS
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3

vkSj b±èku ?kVdksa dh dherksa dks 'kkfey ugÈ
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
fd;k tkrk gSA
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A
(a) dsoy 3
(b) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
12. Hkkjr esa csjkstxkjh ds çdkjksa ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr esa
(c) dsoy 2 vkSj 3 ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3 1- lajpukRed csjkstxkjh jkstxkj ds chp le;
varjky dks lanÆHkr djrh gS tc dksÃ O;fä
9. xSj&cSaÇdx foÙkh; daiuh (NBFC) ds lacaèk esa u;k jkstxkj ryk'k jgk gksrk gS ;k jkstxkj ds
fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\ chp cnyk&cnyh dj jgk gksrk gSA
1- blesa ,slh dksÃ Hkh bdkÃ 'kkfey ugÈ gS 2- Nn~e csjkstxkjh og csjkstxkjh gS ftlesa okLro
ftldk eq[; O;olk; —f"k xfrfofèk gSA esa vko';d dh rqyuk esa cM+h la[;k esa O;fä
2- NBFC vius Åij vkgfjr psd tkjh dj O;olk; dh ns[kHkky dj jgs gksrs gSaA
ldrs gSaA 3- pØh; csjkstxkjh O;kikj pØ dk ifj.kke gksrh
3- NBFC Hkqxrku vkSj fuiVku ç.kkyh dk Hkkx gS] ftlesa eanh ds nkSjku csjkstxkjh c<+rh gS
ugÈ gSaA vkSj vkÆFkd fodkl ds lkFk fxjrh gSA
5 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
Select the correct answer using the codes given Select the correct answer using the codes given
below: below:
(a) 1 and 2 only (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
13. Consider the following statements: 16. Consider the following statements:
1. When there is too much inflation, the 1. Current Account Convertibility allows
government can adopt the policy of free inflows and outflows of foreign
surplus budget as it will reduce aggregate currency
demand. 2. Degree of BOP convertibility of a
2. Zero based budgeting starts from the country usually depends on the level of
zero base and every function of the its economic development and degree of
government is analysed for its needs and maturity of its financial markets
RE
cost.
Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 1 only
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
O
17. Consider the following:
14. Which of the following statements is/are 1. Inability to shift growth strategies
correct regarding GST?
SC
2. Skewed income distribution.
1. GST is applicable on ‘supply’ of goods or
3. Recurring boom-bust cycles.
services and not on manufacture of goods
or on sale of goods Which of the above is/are reason(s) behind the
2. Prime Minister of India is the Chairman countries falling in Middle Income Trap?
of GST Council
(a) 1 and 3 only
3. The council is devised in such a way that
the centre will have 1/3rd voting power (b) 2 and 3 only
GS
and the states have 2/3rd (c) 1 and 2 only

Select the correct answer using the codes given (d) 1, 2 and 3
below:
(a) 1 and 2 only 18. Consider the following statements
regarding International fund for
(b) 2 and 3 only agriculture development (IFAD):
(c) 1 and 3 only 1. It is a specialized agency of the United
Nations and was one of the major outcomes
(d) 1, 2 and 3
of the 1974 World Food Conference.
2. It sponsors initiatives that improve land
15. Which of the following statements is/are
and water management.
correct regarding Asian Infrastructure
Investment Bank (AIIB)? Which of the above statements is/are correct?
1. AIIB do not lend to members beyond (a) 1 only
Asia.
(b) 2 only
2. AIIB has more than 80 full members.
(c) Both 1 and 2
3. All the powers of the AIIB are vested in
the Board of Governors. (d) Neither 1 nor 2
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 6
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3 (b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3 (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
13. fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,% 16. fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%
1- cgqr vfèkd eqækLQhfr gksus ij ljdkj vfèk'ks"k 1- pkyw [kkrs dh ifjorZuh;rk fons'kh eqæk dh
ctV dh uhfr viuk ldrh gS D;ksafd blls eqä vkoktkgh dh vuqefr nsrh gSA
dqy ekax esa deh vk,xhA 2- fdlh ns'k dh Hkqxrku 'ks"k ifjorZuh;rk dh
2- 'kwU; vkèkkfjr ctV fuekZ>k 'kwU; vkèkkj ls ek=k lkekU;r% mlds vkÆFkd fodkl ds Lrj
vkjaHk gksrk gS vkSj ljdkj ds gj dk;Z dk vkSj mlds foÙkh; cktkj dh ifjiDork dh
mldh vko';drkvksa vkSj ykxr ds fy, ek=k ij fuHkZj djrh gSA
fo'ys"k.k fd;k tkrk gS mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
RE
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ (a) dsoy 1
(a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
(b) dsoy 2 (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2
(d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2 O 17. fuEufyf[kr ij fopkj dhft,%
14. GST ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku 1- fodkl j.kuhfr;k¡ LFkkukarfjr djus esa
lgh gS@gSa\ vleFkZrk
SC
1- GST oLrqvksa ;k lsokvksa dh *vkiwÆr* ij ykxw 2- fr;Zd vk; forj.kA
gksrk gS u fd oLrq ds fofuekZ.k ;k oLrq dh
3- vkorÊ rsth&eanh dk pØA
fcØh ijA
ns'kksa ds eè; vk; tky esa fxjus ds fy, mijksä esa
2- Hkkjr dk çèkkuea=h GST ifj"kn dk vè;{k ls dkSu&lk@ls dkj.k mRrjnk;h gS@gSa\
gSA (a) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
3- GST ifj"kn dks bl çdkj rS;kj fd;k x;k (b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
GS
gS fd dsaæ ds ikl 1@3 ernku dh 'kfä vkSj (c) dsoy 1 vkSj 2

jkT;ksa ds ikl 2@3 ernku dh 'kfä gSA (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 18. varjkZ"Vªh; Ñf"k fodkl QaM (IFAD) ds lacaèk esa
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3 fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
1- ;g la;qä jk"Vª dk ,d fo'ks"k çdkj dk
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
vfHkdj.k gS vkSj 1974 ds foÜo [kk| lEesyu
dk ,d çeq[k ifj.kke FkkA
15. ,f'k;kÃ volajpuk fuos'k cSad (AIIB) ds lacaèk esa
2- ;g Hkwfe vkSj ty çcaèku esa lqèkkj ykus okyh
fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
igyksa dks çk;ksftr djrk gSA
1- AIIB ,f'k;k ls ckgj ds lnL;ksa dks _.k
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&ls lgh gSa\
ugÈ nsrk gS
(a) dsoy 1
2- AIIB ds 80 ls vfèkd iw.kZdkfyd lnL; gSaA (b) dsoy 2
3- AIIB dh lHkh 'kfä;k¡ 'kkld eaMy esa fufgr (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa
gSaA (d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2
7 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
19. Both Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) 22. Which of the following factors can lead
and Foreign Institutional investor (FII) to Demand-pull inflation?
are related to investment in a country. 1. Strong consumer demand
Which one of the following statement
2. Increase in money supply
best represents an important difference
between the two? 3. When prices go up
(a) FII helps bring better management skills 4. Technological innovation

and technology, while FDI brings only Select the correct answer using the code given
capital.
below:
(b) FII helps increasing capital availability
in general, while FDI only targets only (a) 2 and 3 only
specific sectors. (b) 1, 2 and 4 only
(c) FDI flows only into the secondary market, (c) 1, 3 and 4 only
while FII targets primary market.
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(d) FII is considered to be more stable than
FDI. 23. Consider the following statements
regarding the Marginal Standing
RE
20. Which of the following sectors/ Facilities:
categories fall under Priority Sector 1. It refers to the rate at which banks can
Lending (PSL)? borrow funds overnight from the reserve
bank without any collateral.
1. Loan to minorities
2. Under the MSF, the banks can borrow
2. Education loan up to 2% of their net demand and time
3. Loans for renewable energy liabilities.
4. Overdraft under Pradhan Mantri Jan
O 3. It is an overnight liquidity support
Dhan Yojana provided by RBI to commercial banks
with a lower interest rate over the repo
5. To startup companies rate.
SC
Select the correct answer using the code given Which of the above statements is/are
below: incorrect?
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only (a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 3, 4 and 5 only (b) 2 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) 1, 2 and 3
GS
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (d) None of the above
regarding Inflation indexed bonds and regarding National Pharmaceutical
Capital Indexed Bonds: Pricing Authority:
1. In India, inflation indexed bonds are 1. It is a statutory body constituted under
Drugs Control Pricing Order, 2002.
linked to Consumer price index (CPI).
2. It works under the Directorate General
2. The CIBs will provide inflation protection of Health.
to both principal and interest payments.
3. All the powers of Government of pricing
3. Inflation indexed bonds provide inflation according to Essential Commodities Act
protection only to principal and not to have been delegated to it.
interest payment.
Select the correct answer using the code given
below:
(a) 1 only
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3 only
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 8
19. fons'kh çR;{k fuos'k (FDI) vkSj fons'kh laLFkkxr 22. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&ls dkjd ekax&çsfjr eqækLQhfr
fuos'kd (FII) nksuksa fdlh ns'k esa fuos'k ls lacafèkr dks tUe ns ldrs gSa\
gSaA fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk dFku nksuksa ds chp ,d 1- etcwr miHkksäk ekax
egRoiw.kZ varj dk loksRre fu:i.k djrk gS\ 2- eqæk vkiwÆr esa o`f)
(a) FII Js"Brj çcaèku dkS'ky vkSj çkS|ksfxdh ykus
3- dherksa esa o`f)
esa lgk;rk djrs gSa] tcfd FDI esa dsoy iw¡th
vkrh gSA 4- rduhdh uokpkj
(b) FII lkekU; :i ls iwath miyCèkrk c<+kus esa uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A
lgk;rk djrs gSa] tcfd FDI esa dsoy fof'k"V (a) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
{ks=ksa dks yf{kr fd;k tkrk gSA (b) dsoy 1] 2 vkSj 4
(c) FDI dsoy f}rh;d cktkj esa çokfgr gksrk (c) dsoy 1] 3 vkSj 4
gS] tcfd FII çkFkfed cktkj dks yf{kr djrs (d) 1] 2] 3 vkSj 4
gSaA
(d) FII dks FDI ls vfèkd fLFkj ekuk tkrk gSA 23. lhekar LFkk;h lqfoèkkvksa ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr
RE
dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%
20. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&ls {ks=d@Jsf.k;k¡ çkFkfedrk 1- ;g og nj lanÆHkr djrk gS ftl nj ij cSad
çkIr {ks= _.kçnk; (PSL) ds varxZr vkrs gSa\ fdlh tekur ds fcuk fjtoZ cSad ls jkrksajkr
1- vYila[;dksa dks _.k èku mèkkj ys ldrs gSaA
2- f'k{kk _.k 2- MSF ds varxZr] cSad viuh 'kq) ekax vkSj
3- uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ds fy, _.k lkofèk ns;rkvksa ds 2% rd mèkkj ys ldrs
4- çèkku ea=h tu èku ;kstuk ds varxZr
vfèkfod"kZ
O 3-
gSaA
;g jsiks nj dh rqyuk esa de C;kt nj ds lkFk
5- LVkVZvi daifu;ksa dks _.k RBI }kjk okf.kfT;d cSadksa dks çnku dh tkus
SC
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A okyh jkrksajkr rjyrk lgk;rk gSA
(a) dsoy 1] 2] 3 vkSj 4 mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls xyr gS@gSa\
(b) dsoy 3] 4 vkSj 5 (a) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
(c) 1] dsoy 2 vkSj 3 (b) dsoy 2
(d) 1] 2] 3] 4 vkSj 5 (c) 1] 2 vkSj 3
(d) mi;qZä esa ls dksÃ ugÈ
GS
21. eqækLQhfr&lwpdkafdr caèki= vkSj iw¡th&lwpdkafdr

caèki= ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj 24. jk"Vªh; vkS"kfèk ewY; fuèkkZj.k çkfèkdj.k ds lacaèk esa
dhft,% fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%
1- Hkkjr esa] eqækLQhfr&lwpdkafdr caèki= miHkksäk 1- ;g vkS"kfèk fu;a=.k dher fuèkkZj.k vkns'k] 2002
ewY; lwpdkad (CPI) ls tqM+s gSaA ds varxZr xfBr ,d lkafofèkd fudk; gSA
2- iw¡th&lwpdkafdr caèki= ewyèku vkSj C;kt 2- ;g LokLF; egkfuns'kky; ds vèkhu dk;Z
Hkqxrku nksuksa dks eqækLQhfr ls laj{k.k çnku
djrk gSA
djrs gSaA
3- vko';d oLrq vfèkfu;e ds vuqlkj dher
3- eqækLQhfr&lwpdkafdr caèki= dsoy ewyèku ds
fuèkkZj.k dh ljdkj dh lHkh 'kfä;k¡ bls
fy, eqækLQhfr ls laj{k.k çnku djrs gSa u fd
çR;k;ksftr dh xÃ gSaA
C;kt Hkqxrku ds fy,A
(a) dsoy 1
(a) dsoy 1
(b) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (b) dsoy 2
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (c) dsoy 3
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3 (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
9 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
regarding Ways and Means Advances regarding Initial Public Offering:
(WMA):
1. It is the offering of a stock of a company
1. It is a mechanism used by RBI to
for the first time in the secondary capital
help states to correct the temporary
mismatches in the cash flow of their market.
receipts and payments. 2. It could be a new, young company or an
2. WMA are provided against government old company which decides to be listed on
securities only. an exchange and hence goes public.
3. WMA limits are decided by RBI in
consultation with Government from time Which of the above statements is/are correct?
to time. (a) 1 only
Which of the above statements are correct? (b) 2 only
(a) 1 and 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
RE
29. Which of the following best describes
Escrow Account?
26. Consider the following statements (a) A system which allows the account holder
regarding Indian Depository Receipts
or investor to store and trade stocks,
(IDRs):
bonds, ETFs, mutual funds and other
1. An IDR is an instrument denominated in securities in electronic form.
Indian Rupees in the form of a depository
receipt created by a Domestic Depository
O (b) A third party account to hold money
which belongs to others and where
2. It allows foreign investors to invest in
listed Indian companies. the funds parked will be released only
3. IDRs are denominated in Indian rupees. under fulfilment of certain conditions of
contract.
SC
Which of the above statements are correct?
(c) An account maintained by investors
(a) 1 and 2 only with the primary dealers for holding
(b) 1 and 3 only their government securities and treasury
bills.
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (d) None of the above
GS
27. Consider the following regarding the 30. Consider the following statements
United Nations Conference on Trade regarding Nidhi Company:
and Development (UNCTAD):
1. It works under the ministry of corporate
1. To promote the international trade affairs.
especially with a view to accelerate the
economic development of underdeveloped 2. Sabanayagam Committee is associated
countries. with Nidhi Companies.
2. UNCTAD reports to the UN General 3. Recently, RBI made it mandatory for
Assembly and the Economic and Social them to follow core provisions of RBI
Council.
Act.
3. To assist economic and social council of
United Nations organisations (UNO). 4. Recently, government allowed FDI in
Nidhi Co.
below:
(a) 3 and 4 only
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (c) 1 and 2 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3 only (d) 1 and 4 only
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 10
25. vFkksZik; _.k (WMA) ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa 28. vkjafHkd lkoZtfud is'kd'k ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr
ij fopkj dhft,% dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%
1- ;g viuh çkfIr;ksa vkSj Hkqxrkuksa ds udnh 1- ;g f}rh;d iwath cktkj esa igyh ckj fdlh
çokg esa vLFkk;h vlarqyu esa lqèkkj ykus esa daiuh ds 'ks;jksa dh is'kd'k gSA
jkT;ksa dh lgk;rk djus ds fy, RBI }kjk 2- ;g dksÃ uÃ] ;qok daiuh ;k dksÃ iqjkuh daiuh
mi;ksx fd;k tkus okyk fØ;kra= gSA gks ldrh gS tks fdlh ,Dlpsat esa lwphc)
2- WMA dsoy ljdkjh çfrHkwfr;ksa ds fo#) gksus dk fu.kZ; ysrh gS vkSj blfy, lkoZtfud
çnku fd;k tkrk gSA gks tkrh gSA
3- WMA lhek,a le;≤ ij ljdkj ls mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
ijke'kZ dj RBI }kjk fuèkkZfjr dh tkrh gSaA (a) dsoy 1
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&ls lgh gSa\ (b) dsoy 2
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3 (d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
RE
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3 29. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk ,LØks [kkrs dk loZJs"B
o.kZu djrk gS\
26. Hkkjrh; fu{ksikxkj jlhnksa (IDR) ds lacaèk esa (a) og ç.kkyh tks [kkrkèkkjd ;k fuos'kd dks
fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,% bysDVª‚fud :i esa 'ks;j] caèki=] ETF]
1- IDR ?kjsyw fu{ksikxkj }kjk l`ftr fu{ksikxkj
O E;wpqvy QaM vkSj vU; çfrHkwfr;k¡ j[kus vkSj
jlhn ds :i esa Hkkjrh; #i;s esa vafdr foi= mudk O;kikj djus dh vuqefr nsrh gSA
gSA (b) iSlk j[kus ds fy, r`fr; i{k [kkrk tks nwljksa
2- ;g fons'kh fuos'kdksa dks lwphc) Hkkjrh; dk gksrk gS vkSj tgk¡ j[kh xÃ èkujkf'k vuqcaèk
daifu;ksa esa fuos'k djus dh vuqefr nsrk gSA dh dqN 'krks± dks iwjk djus ds vèkhu gh tkjh
SC
dh tkrh gSA
3- IDR Hkkjrh; #i;s esa vafdr gksrk gSA
(c) viuh ljdkjh çfrHkwfr;k¡ vkSj jkstdks"kh; fcy
j[kus ds fy, çkFkfed Mhyjksa ds ikl fuos'kdksa
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
}kjk j[kk x;k [kkrkA
(b) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
(d) mi;qZä esa ls dksÃ ugÈ
(c) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
GS
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
30. fufèk daiuh ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj
dhft, %
27. la;qä jk"Vª O;kikj vkSj fodkl lEesyu (UNCTAD) ds
lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr ij fopkj dhft,% 1- ;g d‚iksZjsV ekeyksa ds ea=ky; ds vèkhu dke
djrh gSA
1- fo'ks"k :i ls vfodflr ns'kksa ds vkÆFkd
fodkl esa rsth ykus dh –f"V ls varjkZ"Vªh; 2- lcu;xe lfefr fufèk daifu;ksa ls tqM+h gSA
O;kikj dks c<+kok nsukA 3- gky gh esa] RBI us muds fy, RBI vfèkfu;e
2- UNCTAD la;qä jk"Vª egklHkk vkSj vkÆFkd ds eq[; çkoèkkuksa dk ikyu djuk vfuok;Z
vkSj lkekftd ifj"kn dks çfrosnu nsrk gSA cuk fn;kA
3- la;qä jk"Vª laxBuksa (UNO) dh vkÆFkd vkSj 4- gky gh esa] ljdkj us fufèk daiuh esa FDI
lkekftd ifj"kn dh lgk;rk djukA dh vuqefr nhA
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&ls lgh gSa\
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3 (b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(d) dsoy 1] 2 vkSj 3 (d) dsoy 1 vkSj 4
11 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
31. Consider the following statements Select the correct answer using the code given
regarding Trade Receivable Discounting below:
System or TReDS:
(a) 1 and 2 only
1. An initiative undertaken by SEBI to
(b) 2 and 4 only
safeguard the interest of MSMEs.
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only
2. It deals with discounting of the bills of
exchange only. (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
3. Only MSMEs can participate can
34. Consider the following statement
participate as seller.
regarding Direct Tax Code:
4. Only Government Departments can 1. Direct Tax code will only replace the
participate as buyers in TReDS. existing Wealth Tax Act, 1957
Which of the following statements are 2. The committee on Direct Tax code is
headed by Girish Ahuja
incorrect?
3. Direct Tax Code aims to simplify and
(a) 1, 3 and 4 only consolidate all direct tax laws of the
central government
RE
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
Which of the above statements is/are
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only
incorrect?
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(a) 1 and 2 only
32. Consider the following statements about (b) 2 and 3 only

Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR): (c) 1only
O (d) None of the above
1. It is the fraction of the total Net Demand
and Time Liabilities (NDTL) of a
Scheduled Commercial Bank in India 35. With reference to Production Linked
that has to maintain as cash deposit with Incentive Scheme for Electronics
SC
the RBI. Manufacturers, which of the following
statements is correct?
2. RBI can impose penalty charge in case
Banks fails to meet requirements. (a) The scheme gives incentives of 4-6
percent on incremental sales of goods
3. Non-Bank Financial Corporations manufactured in India.
(NBFCs) also come under the purview of (b) Under the scheme, electronic
CRR. manufacturers are given interest rate
GS
4. Banks are paid interest for parking the subsidies on bank loans based on their
production.
required cash under CRR.
(c) The scheme provides duty credit scrips
Which of the above statements are correct? for exports of electronic goods which can
be used against tax liabilities.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(d) Under the scheme, electronics
(b) 1, 2 and 3 only manufacturers are given 100% income
(c) 3 and 4 only tax exemption on export income for SEZ
units.
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
36. Consider the following statements about
33. Which of the group is most likely to various organizations dealing with
benefit from an appreciation of the National Income Accounting in India:
Rupees? 1. Central Statistical Office (CSO) conducts
compilation of Index of Industrial
1. Oil marketing companies Production.
2. Private corporate sector 2. National Statistical Commission (NSC)
is an autonomous body formed after
3. Borrowers through ECBs
the recommendation of the Rangarajan
4. Exporters to India Commission.
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 12
31. O;kikj çkI; cêkdj.k@NwV ç.kkyh ;k TReDS ds uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A
lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,% (a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 4
1- MSME ds fgrksa dh j{kk ds fy, SEBI }kjk
(c) dsoy 1] 3 vkSj 4
dh xÃ igy gSA (d) dsoy 1] 2] 3 vkSj 4
2- ;g dsoy fofue; i=ksa ds cêkdj.k@NwV ls
lacafèkr gSA 34. çR;{k dj lafgrk ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij
3- foØsrk ds :i esa dsoy MSME gh Hkkx ys fopkj dhft,%
ldrs gSaA 1- çR;{k dj lafgrk dsoy orZeku laifÙk dj
vfèkfu;e] 1957 dk LFkku ysxhA
4- dsoy ljdkjh foHkkx gh TReDS esa [kjhnnkjksa
ds :i esa Hkkx ys ldrs gSaA 2- çR;{k dj lafgrk lacaèkh lfefr dh vè;{krk
fxjh'k vkgwtk }kjk dh tk jgh gSA
fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&ls xyr gSa\
3- çR;{k dj lafgrk dk mís'; dsaæ ljdkj ds
(a) dsoy 1] 3 vkSj 4
lHkh çR;{k dj dkuwuksa dks ljy cukuk vkSj
(b) dsoy 2] 3 vkSj 4
RE
lesfdr djuk gSA
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls xyr gS@gSa\
(d) 1] 2] 3 vkSj 4
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
32. udn vkjf{kr vuqikr (CRR) ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr (c) dsoy 1
dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,% O (d) mi;qZä esa ls dksÃ ugÈ
1- ;g Hkkjr esa fdlh vuqlwfpr okf.kfT;d cSad dh
dqy 'kq) ekax vkSj lkofèk ns;rkvksa (NDTL) 35. bysDVª‚fuDl fofuekZrkvksa ds fy, mRiknu ls tqM+h
dk og va'k gS ftls RBI ds ikl udn tek çksRlkgu ;kstuk ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr esa ls
dkSu&lk dFku lgh gS\
SC
ds :i esa cuk, j[kuk gksrk gSA
(a) ;g ;kstuk Hkkjr esa fpfuÆer oLrqvksa dh
2- cSadksa }kjk vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus esa
o`f)'khy fcØh ij 4&6 çfr'kr dk çksRlkgu
foQy jgus dh fLFkfr esa RBI tqekZuk yxk nsrh gSA
ldrk gSA (b) bl ;kstuk ds varxZr bysDVª‚fud fofuekZrkvksa
3- xSj&cSaÇdx foÙkh; daifu;k¡ (NBFC) Hkh CRR dks muds mRiknu ds vkèkkj ij cSad _.k ij
ds nk;js esa vkrh gSaA C;kt nj lfClMh nh tkrh gSA
GS
(c) ;g ;kstuk bysDVª‚fud oLrqvksa ds fu;kZr

4- CRR ds varxZr vko';d udnh j[kus ds fy,
ds fy, MîwVh ØsfMV fLØi çnku djrh gS
cSadksa dks C;kt dk Hkqxrku fd;k tkrk gSA
ftldk dj ns;rkvksa ds fo:) mi;ksx fd;k
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&ls lgh gSa\ tk ldrk gSA
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (d) bl ;kstuk ds varxZr] SEZ bdkb;ksa ds fy,
(b) dsoy 1] 2 vkSj 3 fu;kZr vk; ij bysDVª‚fuDl fofuekZrkvksa dks
(c) dsoy 3 vkSj 4 100% vk;dj NwV nh tkrh gSA
(d) dsoy 1] 2] 3 vkSj 4
36. Hkkjr esa jk"Vªh; vk; ys[kkadu ls lacafèkr fofHkUu
33. #i;s dh ewY;o`f) ls fdl lewg dks lcls vfèkd ykHk laxBuksa ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj
gksus dh laHkkouk gS\ dhft,%
1- rsy dk foi.ku djus okyh daifu;k¡ 1- dsaæh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; (CSO) vkS|ksfxd
mRiknu lwpdkad dk ladyu djrk gSA
2- futh d‚iksZjsV {ks=d
2- jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh vk;ksx (NSC) jaxjktu
3- ECB ds ekè;e ls mèkkjdrkZ vk;ksx dh vuq'kalk ds vuqlkj xfBr ,d
4- Hkkjr dks fu;kZr djus okys fu;kZrd Lok;Ùk fudk; gSA
13 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
3. National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) is 39. With reference to Competition
merged with the Central Statistics Office Commission of India (CCI) consider the
(CSO) and created National Statistical following statements:
Office.
1. It is a statutory body established under
Which of the statements given above is/are the Competition Act, 2002.
correct? 2. Before CCI the mergers, acquisitions and
(a) 1 and 2 only takeovers of the industries were looked
(b) 2 only after by the Finance ministry.
3. The Automatic approvals for the merger
(c) 2 and 3 only
of companies by CCI are referred by the
(d) 1, 2 and 3 term ‘green channel combination’.
4. CCI approval is required in case the
acquisition of firms with revenue over
the effects of inflation:
and above 350 crore.
1. The difference in the prices at current
and constant prices is only that of the Select the correct answer using the code given
RE
impact of inflation. below:
2. A higher inflation (above 6 per cent)
(a) 1 and 2 only
leads to the tightening of the credit
policy forcing lower investment in the (b) 1 and 3 only
economy.
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only
3. Impact of inflation on employment is
O
referred to as the “crowding out effect”. (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Which of the statements given above are 40. Which of the following pair are correctly
correct? matched?
SC
(a) 1 and 2 only 1. Tarapore Committee - Capital Account
(b) 1 and 3 only Convertibility
(c) 2 and 3 only 2. Tendulkar Committee - Poverty

Estimation
(d) 1, 2 and 3
3. Urijit Patel Committee - Monetary Policy
Reforms
38. Consider the following statements with
GS
regard to the Fiscal Consolidation in 4. Kelkar Committee - Revisiting &

India: Revitalizing PPP
1. Under the Fiscal Responsibility and
Budget Management (FRBM) Act, 2003,
Outcome Budget is also laid down as part below:
of fiscal policy. (a) 1 and 2 only
2. Despite 2008 global financial crisis
(b) 3 and 4 only
the Fiscal Consolidation as mandated
by FRBM was continued by the (c) 2 and 4 only
government.
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Which of the above statements is/are
incorrect? 41. Consider the following statements
regarding World Gold Council:
(a) 1 only
1. World Gold Council was formed in 1987
(b) 2 only
2. It has 32 Members who are some of
(c) Both 1 and 2
the world’s most forward-thinking gold
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 mining companies.
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 14
3- jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k dk;kZy; (NSSO) vkSj 39. Hkkjrh; çfrLièkkZ vk;ksx (CCI) ds lanHkZ esa
dsaæh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; (CSO) dk foy; fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%
dj jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; cuk;k x;k
gSA 1- ;g çfrLièkkZ vfèkfu;e] 2002 ds varxZr
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ LFkkfir fd;k x;k lkafofèkd fudk; gSA
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 2- CCI ls igys m|ksxksa ds foy;] vfèkxzg.k vkSj
(b) dsoy 2 lekesyu dh foÙk ea=ky; }kjk ns[kHkky dh
(c) dsoy 2 vkSj 3 tkrh FkhA
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3 3- CCI }kjk daifu;ksa ds foy; ds fy, Lor%
vuqeksnu dks *xzhu pSuy la;kstu* 'kCn }kjk
37. eqækLQhfr ds çHkkoksa ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij lanÆHkr fd;k tkrk gSA
fopkj dhft,% 4- 35 djksM+ ls vfèkd jktLo okyh Qeks± ds
1- orZeku vkSj fLFkj dherksa ij dherksa esa varj vfèkxzg.k dh fLFkfr esa CCI dk vuqeksnu
RE
dsoy eqækLQhfr dk çHkko gSA vko';d gSA
2- mPp eqækLQhfr (6 çfr'kr ls vfèkd) ls _.k uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A
uhfr l[r gks tkrh gS ftlls vFkZO;oLFkk esa (a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
de fuos'k gksrk gSA (b) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
3- jkstxkj ij eqækLQhfr ds çHkko dks Þgkleku
çHkkoß dgk tkrk gSA
O (d) 1] 2] 3 vkSj 4
40. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk ;qXe lgh lqesfyr gS\

SC
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
1- rkjkiksj lfefr & iw¡th [kkrs dh ifjorZuh;rk
(b) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
(c) dsoy 2 vkSj 3 2- rsanqydj lfefr & xjhch dk vuqeku
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3 3- mÆtr iVsy lfefr & ekSfæd uhfr lqèkkj
4- dsydj lfefr & PPP dk iquyksZdu vkSj
Hkkjr esa jktdks"kh; lesdu ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr
GS
38. iqutÊou
dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,% uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A
1- jktdks"kh; mÙkjnkf;Ro vkSj ctV çcaèku (a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
(FRBM) vfèkfu;e] 2003 ds varxZr] (b) dsoy 3 vkSj 4
jktdks"kh; uhfr ds Hkkx ds :i esa fu"iknu@ (c) dsoy 2 vkSj 4
ifj.kke ctV Hkh j[kk tkrk gSA (d) 1] 2] 3 vkSj 4
2- 2008 ds oSfÜod foÙkh; ladV ds ckotwn

ljdkj }kjk FRBM }kjk vfuok;Z fd;k x;k
41. fo'o Lo.kZ ifj"kn ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij
jktdks"kh; lesdu tkjh j[kk x;kA fopkj dhft,%
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls xyr gS@gSa\ 1- foÜo Lo.kZ ifj"kn dk 1987 esa xBu fd;k
(a) dsoy 1 x;k FkkA
(b) dsoy 2 2- blds 32 lnL; gSa tks fo'o dh lcls vkxs
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa dh lksp j[kus okyh dqN Lo.kZ [kuu daifu;k¡
(d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2 gSaA
15 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
Which of the above statements is/are Which of the above statements is/are correct?
incorrect? (a) 1 only
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
45. Which of the following National Income
Accounting terminologies are correct?
regarding the types of Intellectual 1. Per capita GDP can be used to measure
Property rights discussed under World the productivity of a country’s workforce.
Intellectual Property Organization: 2. Per capita GNP serves as a measurement
1. Copyright is a legal term used to describe of the stability and wealth within an
the rights that creators have over their economy.
literary and artistic works. 3. Gross Value Added gives a picture of the
2. A patent is an exclusive right granted for state of economic activity specific to a
an invention. particular sector.
RE
3. A trademark is a sign capable of Select the correct answer using the code given
distinguishing the goods or services
of one enterprise from those of other below:
enterprises. (a) 1 and 2 only
Which of the above statements is/are correct? (b) 1 and 3 only
(a) 1 and 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
O (d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 EXIM Bank:
SC
1. It is a specialized financial institution,
43. Consider the following statements with partially owned by Government of India
respect to Apparel Export Promotion and private sector.
Council (AEPC): 2. It enables buyers in overseas countries to
1. It functions under the Ministry of Finance import goods and services from India, on
and provides invaluable assistance to deferred credit terms.
Indian exporters only. 3. The Bank facilitates two-way technology
2. Its chairman is appointed by the Prime transfer by financing import of technology
GS
Minister on the recommendations of the into India, and investment abroad by

apparel industry to the Government. Indian companies.
Which of the statements given above is/are Which of the above statements is/are correct?
correct? (a) 2 and 3 only
(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) 1, 2 and 3
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
47. Which of the following constitute a
part of the revenue receipts of the
44. Consider the following statements government of India?
regarding Marginal Cost of Funds Based
Lending Rate (MCLR): 1. Interest receipts on loan by the
Government
1. MCLR replaced the earlier base rate
system to determine the lending rates for 2. Dividends earned by the Government on
commercial banks only. investments
2. Any loans taken from finance companies 3. Receipts through PSU disinvestments
and non-banking financial companies 4. Cash grants-in-aid from foreign
will also fall under this system. countries
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 16
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls xyr gS@gSa\ mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 (a) dsoy 1
(b) dsoy 2 (b) dsoy 2
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa
(d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2 (d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2
42. foÜo ckSf)d laink laxBu ds varxZr ppkZ fd, 45. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lh jk"Vªh; vk; ys[kkadu
x, ckSf)d laink vfèkdkjksa ds çdkjksa ds lacaèk esa 'kCnkoyh lgh gSa\
fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,% 1- fdlh ns'k ds dk;Zcy dh mRikndrk dk ekiu
1- d‚ihjkbV viuh lkfgfR;d vkSj dykRed djus ds fy, çfr O;fä GDP dk mi;ksx
jpukvksa ij jpukdkjksa }kjk j[ks tkus okys fd;k tk ldrk gSA
vfèkdkjksa dk o.kZu djus ds fy, mi;ksx fd;k 2- çfr O;fä GNP fdlh vFkZO;oLFkk ds Hkhrj
tkus okyk dkuwuh 'kCn gSA fLFkjrk vkSj èkulaifÙk dh eki ds :i esa dk;Z
djrk gSA
2- isVsaV fdlh vkfo"dkj ds fy, fn;k x;k vuU;
vfèkdkj gksrk gSA 3- ldy ewY; oèkZu fdlh fo'ks"k {ks=d ds fy,
RE
fof'k"V vkÆFkd xfrfofèk dh fLFkfr dh rLohj
3- VªsMekdZ og ladsr ;k fpà gksrk gS tks ,d
nsrk gSA
m|e dh oLrqvksa ;k lsokvksa dks vU; m|eksa ls
vyx djus esa l{ke gksrk gSA
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ (b) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 O (c) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(b) dsoy 2 (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
(c) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3 46. EXIM cSad ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj
dhft,%
SC
43. ifjèkku fu;kZr laoèkZu ifj"kn (AEPC) ds lacaèk esa 1- ;g vkaf'kd :i ls Hkkjr ljdkj vkSj futh
fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,% {ks= ds LokfeRo okyk fo'ks"kh—r foÙkh; laLFkku
1- ;g foÙk ea=ky; ds vèkhu dk;Z djrk gS vkSj gSA
dsoy Hkkjrh; fu;kZrdksa dks vewY; lgk;rk 2- ;g fons'kksa esa [kjhnkjksa ds fy, vkLFkfxr _.k
çnku djrk gSA 'krks± ij Hkkjr ls oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dk
2- ljdkj dks ifjèkku m|ksx dh vuq'kalkvksa ij vk;kr djuk laHko cukrk gSA
GS
çèkku ea=h }kjk bldk vè;{k fu;qä fd;k 3- ;g cSad Hkkjr esa çkS|ksfxdh vk;kr vkSj Hkkjrh;
tkrk gSA daifu;ksa }kjk fons'kksa esa fuos'k dk foÙkiks"k.k
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ dj nks&rjQ+k çkS|ksfxdh gLrkarj.k dh lqfoèkk
(a) dsoy 1 çnku djrk gSA
(b) dsoy 2 mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (a) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2 (b) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
44. QaM dh lhekar ykxr vkèkkfjr mèkkjh nj (MCLR) (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%
1- dsoy okf.kfT;d cSadksa ds fy, _.k njsa
47. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk Hkkjr ljdkj dh jktLo
fuèkkZfjr djus ds fy, MCLR us igys dh çkfIr;ksa dk Hkkx gS\
vkèkkj nj ç.kkyh dk LFkku fy;kA 1- ljdkj }kjk _.k ij C;kt çkfIr;k¡
2- foÙk daifu;ksa vkSj xSj&cSaÇdx foÙkh; daifu;ksa 2- fuos'k ij ljdkj }kjk vÆtr ykHkka'k
ls fy;k x;k dksÃ Hkh _.k Hkh bl ç.kkyh ds 3- PSU fofuos'k ds ekè;e ls çkfIr;k¡
varxZr vkrk gSA 4- fons'kksa ls udn lgk;rk vuqnku
17 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
Select the correct answer using the code given 51. Consider the following statements
below: regarding National Financial Switch:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only 1. National Financial Switch (NFS) is the
largest network of shared automated
(b) 3 and 4 only
teller machines (ATMs) in India.
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only
2. NFS has introduced sub-membership
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
model which enables smaller, regional
banks including RRBs and local co-
operative banks to participate in the
1. Revenue deficit deals only with the ATM network.
government’s revenue receipts and
revenue expenditures.
Which of the following statement is/are
2. Revenue receipts creates liabilities and
also results in reduction of assets for the correct?
government.
(a) 1 only
Which of the above statements is/are correct? (b) 2 only
(a) 1 only
RE
(c) Both 1 and 2
(b) 2 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
incorrect regarding Stock exchanges in
49. Which of the following is/are the possible India?
impacts of the devaluation of a currency
in a country?
O 1. National Stock Exchange was the
1. It may help in combating inflation. first exchange in India to provide fully
2. It may lead to an increase in aggregate computerized electronic trading.
demand for domestically produced
2. Bombay Stock Exchange is world’s fastest
SC
goods.
exchange with a median trade speed of
3. It may lead to an improvement in the
current account balance. six microseconds.
Select the correct answer using the codes given Select the correct answer using the codes given
below: below:
(a) 1 only (a) 1 only
GS

(c) 2 and 3 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) 1, 2 and 3 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
50. Which of the following steps are taken
by RBI to decrease the money supply in 53. Consider the following statements
order to control inflation in India? regarding Special Drawing Rights
1. Increase Repo rates (SDRs):
2. Increase Cash Reserve Ratio 1. The SDR is an international reserve
3. Sterilisation asset, created by the IMF and World
4. Decrease in Bank rates Bank together.
Select the correct answer using the code given 2. SDRs are an asset, though not money in
the classic sense because they can’t be
below:
used to buy things.
(a) 1 and 2 only
3. The value of the SDR is based on a basket
(b) 1, 2 and 3 only
of four major currencies— the US dollar,
(c) 1 and 4 only the euro, the Chinese Renminbi and the
(d) 2, 3 and 4 only Japanese yen.
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 18
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A 51. us'kuy Qkbusaf'k;y fLop ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr
(a) dsoy 1] 2 vkSj 3 dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%
(b) dsoy 3 vkSj 4
1- us'kuy Qkbusaf'k;y fLop (NFS) Hkkjr esa
lk>k Lopkfyr Vsyj e'khuksa (ATM) dk
(d) 1] 2] 3 vkSj 4
lcls cM+k usVodZ gSA
48. fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,% 2- NFS us mi&lnL;rk e‚My is'k fd;k gS tks
1- jktLo ?kkVk dsoy ljdkj dh jktLo çkfIr;ksa vis{kk—r NksVs] {ks=h; cSadksa lfgr RRB vkSj
vkSj jktLo O;; ls lacafèkr gksrk gSA LFkkuh; lgdkjh cSadksa ds fy, ATM usVodZ
2- jktLo çkfIr;k¡ ns;rkvksa dk fuekZ.k djrh gSa esa çfrHkkfxrk djuk laHko cukrk gSA
vkSj ifj.kkeLo:i ljdkj ds fy, ifjlaifÙk;ksa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
esa deh vkrh gSA (a) dsoy 1
fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ (b) dsoy 2
(a) dsoy 1
RE
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa
(b) dsoy 2
(d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2
52. Hkkjr esa LV‚d ,Dlpsat ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls
49. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls fdlh ns'k esa eqæk ds
O dkSu&lk@ls dFku xyr gS@gSa\
voewY;u dk@ds laHkkfor çHkko gSs@gSa\ 1- jk"Vªh; LV‚d ,Dlpsat iwjh rjg ls dEI;wVjh—r
1- blls eqækLQhfr dk eqdkcyk djus esa lgk;rk bysDVª‚fud VªsÇMx çnku djus okyk Hkkjr dk
fey ldrh gSA igyk ,Dlpsat FkkA
SC
2- blls ?kjsyw :i ls mRikfnr oLrqvksa dh dqy 2- c‚Ecs LV‚d ,Dlpsat Ng ekbØkslsdaM dh
ekax esa o`f) gks ldrh gSA
vkSlr O;kikj xfr ds lkFk fo'o dk lcls
3- blls pkyw [kkrk 'ks"k esa lqèkkj gks ldrk gSA
rst+ ,Dlpsat gSA
lgh dwV pqfu,%
(a) dsoy 1
(b) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (a) dsoy 1
GS
(c) dsoy 2 vkSj 3 (b) dsoy 2

(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3 (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa
50. Hkkjr esa eqækLQhfr dks fu;af=r djus ds fy, RBI
}kjk eqæk vkiwÆr de djus ds fy, fuEufyf[kr esa ls 53. fo'ks"k vkgj.k vfèkdkjksa (SDR) ds lacaèk esa
dkSu&ls dne mBk, tkrs gSa\ fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%
1- jsiks nj c<+kuk 1- SDR IMF vkSj foÜo cSad }kjk feydj l`ftr
2- udn vkjf{kr vuqikr c<+kuk dh xÃ varjjk"Vªh; vkjf{kr ifjlaifÙk gSA
3- caè;kdj.k
2- SDR 'kkL=h; vFkks± esa ifjlaifÙk gS gkykafd
4- cSad njksa esa deh iSlk ugÈ gS D;ksafd budk phtksa dks [kjhnus ds
fy, mi;ksx ugÈ fd;k tk ldrk gSA
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
(b) dsoy 1] 2 vkSj 3 3- SDR dk ewY; pkj çeq[k eqækvksa& vesfjdh
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 4 M‚yj] ;wjks] phuh jsfUeUch vkSj tkikuh ;su dh
(d) dsoy 2] 3 vkSj 4 Vksdjh ij vkèkkfjr gSA
19 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
Which of the above statements is/are (c) Procurement of raw material and
incorrect? construction costs are met by the
government.
(a) 1 only
(d) The government contributes 40% of the
(b) 2 and 3 only project cost.
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 2 only 57. Consider the following statements
regarding Centre for Financial Literacy
(CFL) project
1. It is an innovative and participatory
regarding Municipal Debt Securities:
approach to financial literacy at the
1. Municipal Debt Securities include Block level involving select banks and
debenture, bonds and such other nongovernmental organisation (NGOs).
securities of an issuer, issued in terms of
Municipal Debt Regulations. 2. CFL project conceptualised by NITI
Aayog in 2017.
2. Only body incorporated under Companies
Act, 2013 can issue Municipal Debt Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Securities.
(a) 1 only
RE
Which of the following statement is/are (b) 2 only
correct? (c) Both 1 and 2
(a) 1 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 58. Which of the following provisions
are made under Code on Industrial
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
O Relations, 2020?
1. Any establishment having more than 300
55. Consider the following statements workers to seek prior permission of the
regarding Non-banking finance government before lay-off.
SC
companies (NBFCs):
2. The trade union having more than 51%
1. They can be engaged in the business of of the workers or more as members is
loans, advances and chit business. recognised as the sole negotiating union
2. CRR does not apply on any NBFCs 3. There can be negotiating council
3. NBFC which accept demand deposits are consisting of representatives of unions
called as Deposit taking NBFCs that have at least 20% of the workers as
members.
4. Housing Finance Company is considered
GS
a NBFC under the RBI’s regulations

Select the correct answer using the codes given
Which of the above statements is/are below:
incorrect? (a) 1 and 2 only
(a) 3 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(d) 1 and 4 only
regarding Indian ARC Association
56. Which of the following best describes
the BOT Annuity Model investment (IAA):
model? 1. It is a Government owned group of all
Asset Reconstruction Companies.
(a) There is no government payment to the
developer as he earns his money invested 2. Its vision is to harness a common
from tolls. platform for Asset Reconstruction
Companies acting in coordination and
(b) The government starts payment to the develop favourable legal and regulatory
developer after the launch of commercial environment for smooth functioning of
operation of the project. ARCs.
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 20
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls xyr gS@gSa\ (c) dPps eky dh [kjhn vkSj fuekZ.k ykxr dks
(a) dsoy 1 ljdkj }kjk iwjk fd;k tkrk gSA
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3 (d) ljdkj ifj;kstuk ykxr dk 40% ;ksxnku
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 nsrh gSA
(d) dsoy 2
57. foÙkh; lk{kjrk dsaæ (CFL) ifj;kstuk ds lacaèk esa
54. uxjikfydk _.k çfrHkwfr;ksa ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%
dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,% 1- ;g pqÇunk cSadksa vkSj xSj ljdkjh laxBuksa
1- uxjikfydk _.k çfrHkwfr;ksa esa _.ki=] caèki= (NGO) dks 'kkfey djrs gq, ç[kaM Lrj ij
vkSj fdlh fuxZeurkZ dh ,slh vU; çfrHkwfr;k¡ foÙkh; lk{kjrk ds fy, ,d uokpkjh vkSj
'kkfey gSa] ftUgsa uxjikfydk _.k fofu;eu lgHkkxh –f"Vdks.k gSA
ds varxZr tkjh fd;k x;k gSA 2- NITI vk;ksx }kjk 2017 esa CFL ifj;kstuk
2- dsoy daiuh vfèkfu;e] 2013 ds varxZr fuxfer dh voèkkj.kk çLrqr dh xÃA
fudk; gh uxjikfydk _.k çfrHkwfr;k¡ tkjh mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
dj ldrs gSaA
RE
(a) dsoy 1
fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ (b) dsoy 2
(a) dsoy 1 (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa
(b) dsoy 2 (d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2
(d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2 O 58. vkS|ksfxd lacaèk lafgrk] 2020 ds varxZr fuEufyf[kr
esa ls dkSu&ls çkoèkku fd, x, gSa\
55. xSj&cSaÇdx foÙk daifu;ksa (NBFC) ds lacaèk esa
1- 300 ls vfèkd dÆe;ksa okys fdlh Hkh çfr"Bku
fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,% dks NaVuh ls igys ljdkj dh iwoZ vuqefr
1- NBFC dks _.k] vfxze vkSj fpV O;olk; ds
SC
ysuh gksxhA
O;olk; esa yxk;k tk ldrk gSA
2- lnL;ksa ds :i esa 51% ;k vfèkd dÆe;ksa okys
2- fdlh Hkh NBFC ij CRR ykxw ugÈ gksrk etnwj la?k dks ,dek= okrkZdkj la?k ds :i
gSA esa ekU;rk nh tkrh gSA
3- ekax tek,a Lohdkj djus okys NBFC dks 3- lnL;ksa ds :i esa de ls de 20% dÆe;ksa
ekax tek,a Lohdkj djus okyk NBFC dgk okys etnwj la?kksa ds çfrfufèk;ksa ls feydj
tkrk gSA
GS
cuus okyh ,d okrkZ ifj"kn gks ldrh gSA

4- RBI ds fofu;eksa ds varxZr vkokl foRr uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A
daiuh dks NBFC ekuk tkrk gS (a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls xyr gS@gSa\ (b) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
(a) dsoy 3 (c) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(b) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
(c) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(d) dsoy 1 vkSj 4 59. Hkkjrh; ARC la?k (IAA) ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr
56. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk BOT okÆ"kdh e‚My
1- ;g lHkh vkfLr iquÆuekZ.k daifu;ksa dk ljdkjh
fuos'k e‚My dk loZJs"B o.kZu djrk gS\
LokfeRo okyk lewg gSA
(a) fodkldrkZ dks dksÃ ljdkjh Hkqxrku ugÈ
fd;k tkrk gS D;ksafd og fuos'k fd;k x;k 2- bldh –f"V leUo; esa dke djus okyh vkfLr
viuk iSlk pqaxh ls djrk gSA iquÆuekZ.k daifu;ksa ds fy, ,d lkekU; eap dk
(b) ljdkj ifj;kstuk dk okf.kfT;d ifjpkyu
mi;ksx djuk vkSj ARC ds lqpk: dk;Zdj.k
vkjaHk gksus ds ckn fodkldrkZ dks Hkqxrku ds fy, vuqdwy dkuwuh vkSj fu;ked okrkoj.k
vkjaHk djrh gSA fodflr djuk gSA
21 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
3. It is a Representative Body of 28 Asset 62. Consider the following statements
Reconstruction Companies registered regarding National Agri-Food
with Reserve Bank of India. Biotechnology Institute (NABI):
1. NABI is the first Agri-Food Biotechnology
Institute, established in India on 18th
(a) 1 and 2 only February 2010.
(b) 2 and 3 only 2. It is an Autonomous Institute under

Department of Biotechnology.
(c) 1 and 3 only
Which of the following statement is/ are
(d) 1, 2 and 3
correct?
60. What steps were taken by Indian (a) 1 only

government for economic liberalization (b) 2 only
in 1991? (c) Both 1 and 2
1. Devaluation of rupee against foreign (d) Neither 1 nor 2
currencies
RE
2. Reduced the role of RBI from regulator to 63. Consider the following statements
facilitator of the financial sector regarding ‘Fiscal Performance Index’:
3. Industrial licensing was abolished for all 1. It is issued by the Confederation of Indian
products Industry (CII).
4. Reduction in the taxes on individual 2. It measures the quality of both central

and state budgets in India.
incomes
O
5. Reservation of goods for small scale Which of the above statements is/are correct?
industries (a) 1 only
6. Import licensing was abolished (b) 2 only
SC
Select the correct answer using the codes given (c) Both 1 and 2
below: (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) 1, 4, and 6 only
64. Which of the following statements
(b) 1, 3, 5 and 6 only regarding ‘India’s first gas exchange-
(c) 2, 4 and 6 only IGX’ are correct?
GS
1. It is a digital trading platform that will

(d) 4 and 5 only allow buyers and sellers to trade both
in the spot market and in the forward
61. Consider the following statements with market for imported natural gas.
reference to treasury single accounts: 2. It will also facilitate the trade of
1. It is a unified structure of government domestically produced natural gas.
bank accounts enabling consolidation 3. Imported Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
and optimum utilization of government will be regasified and sold to buyers
cash resources through the exchange, removing the
requirement for buyers and sellers to
2. These are managed by the Ministry of find each other.
Corporate Affairs.
Choose the correct option using the codes
Which of the above statements is/ are correct?
given below:
(a) 1 only (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) 1, 2 and 3
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 22
3- ;g Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad ds ikl iath—r 28 62. jk"Vªh; Ñf"k&[kk| tSo çkS|ksfxdh laLFkku (NABI) ds
vkfLr iquÆuekZ.k daifu;ksa dk ,d çfrfufèk lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%
fudk; gSA
1- NABI 18 Qjojh 2010 dks Hkkjr esa LFkkfir
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&ls lgh gSa\ fd;k x;k igyk —f"k&[kk| tSo çkS|ksfxdh
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 laLFkku gSA
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3 2- ;g tSo çkS|ksfxdh foHkkx ds vèkhu ,d Lok;Ùk
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 laLFkku gSA
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3 fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1
(b) dsoy 2
60. 1991 esa Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk vkÆFkd mnkjhdj.k ds fy,
D;k dne mBk, x, Fks\ (d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2
1- fons'kh eqækvksa ds eqdkcys #i;s dk voewY;u
63. ^jktdks"kh; fu"iknu lwpdkad* ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr
RE
2- Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad dh Hkwfedk dks fofu;ked
ls de dj foÙkh; {ks= dk lqxedrkZ cuk
1- ;g Hkkjrh; m|ksx ifjla?k (CII) }kjk tkjh
fn;k x;kA fd;k tkrk gSA
3- lHkh mRiknksa ds fy, vkS|ksfxd ykblsaÇlx dks 2- ;g Hkkjr esa dsaæh; vkSj jkT; ctV nksuksa dh
lekIr dj fn;k x;kA O xq.koÙkk dk ekiu djrk gSA
4- O;fäxr vk; ij djksa esa dehA mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1
5- y?kq m|ksxksa ds fy, oLrqvksa dk vkj{k.kA (b) dsoy 2
SC
6- vk;kr ykblsal dks lekIr dj fn;k x;kA (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa
(a) dsoy 1] 4] vkSj 6
64. ^Hkkjr ds igys xSl ,Dlpsat& IGX* ds lacaèk esa
(b) dsoy 1] 3] 5 vkSj 6 fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&ls dFku lgh gSa\
(c) dsoy 2] 4 vkSj 6 1- ;g og fMftVy VªsÇMx IysVQ‚eZ gS tks [kjhnkjksa
GS
(d) dsoy 4 vkSj 5 vkSj foØsrkvksa dks vk;kfrr çk—frd xSl ds

fy, gkftj cktkj vkSj ok;nk cktkj nksuksa esa
61. jktdks"k ,dy [kkrksa ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa O;kikj djus dh vuqefr nsxkA
ij fopkj dhft,% 2- ;g ?kjsyw Lrj ij mRikfnr çk—frd xSl dk
O;kikj Hkh lqxe cuk,xkA
1- ;g ljdkjh cSad [kkrksa dh og ,dh—r lajpuk
3- vk;kfrr rjyh—r çk—frd xSl (LNG) dks
gS tks ljdkjh udnh lalkèkuksa dk lesdu vkSj
iquxSZlh—r dj bl ,Dlpsat ds ekè;e ls
b"Vre mi;ksx laHko cukrh gS [kjhnkjksa dks cspk tk,xk] ftlls [kjhnkjksa
2- budk d‚iksZjsV ekeyksa ds ea=ky; }kjk çcaèku vkSj foØsrkvksa dks ,d&nwljs dks [kkstus dh
fd;k tkrk gSA vko';drk lekIr gks tk,xhA
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh fodYi
pqfu,%
(a) dsoy 1 (a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
(d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2 (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
23 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
65. Which of the following economic 68. Which of the following statements is/are
activities shall be accounted for while correct regarding Primary Deficit?
calculating India’s Gross Domestic 1. It is defined as fiscal deficit minus interest
Product (GDP)? payments on previous borrowings.
1. Air India’s services between different 2. A shrinking primary deficit indicates
countries. degrading of fiscal health.
2. Revenue Earned by USA Embassy in 3. Primary Deficit is always less than or
India equal to Fiscal Deficit.
3. A Second-Hand Car purchased in India
4. An imported perfume purchased in Select the correct answer using the code given
India below:
Select the correct answer using the code given (a) 1 only
below: (b) 2 only
(a) 1 only (c) 1 and 3 only
(b) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only

69. Which of the following correctly
RE
(d) 2, 3 and 4 only describes the term “Angel Investment”
in a Start-up?
66. Which of the following statements (a) Entrepreneur’s own funds/capital.
regarding Bond Yield Inversion is/are
(b) Funds taken from banks in the form of
correct?
business loan.
1. It occurs when yield on a longer tenure
bond becomes less than the yield for a (c) Funds raised in small amounts from
shorter tenure bond.
O a large number of people, usually via
internet.
2. An inverted yield curve is a strong
indicator of an impending recession. (d) Funds taken from wealthy individuals
in exchange for a share of equity in a
3. Bond Yield is inversely proportional to business.
SC
the Bond Price.
Select the correct answer using the code given 70. Which of the following is not an objective
of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code,
below: 2016?
(a) 1 only (a) Increasing availability of credit
(b) 1 and 3 only (b) Promoting entrepreneurship
(c) 2 and 3 only
GS
(c) Insolvency resolution of corporate

(d) 1, 2 and 3 persons
(d) To tighten control over availability of
67. Which of the following situations can credit
“never” occur during the period of
rising inflation in an economy? 71. Recently, a Bare Necessities Index (BNI)
1. Purchasing power of money decreases has been presented in the Economic
Survey 2020-21. Which of the following
2. Decrease in the nominal value of income statements is/are correct regarding
3. Volume of Export decreases BNI?
4. People tend to invest their money rather 1. It is created for all States/Union
than holding it. Territories using data from National
Statistical Office (NSO).
Select the correct answer using the code given 2. Inter-State disparities in the access to
below: the bare necessities have increased in
2018 as compared to 2012.
(a) 1 and 2 only
3. Access to bare necessities of housing,
(b) 2 and 3 only water, sanitation and electricity
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only improved disproportionately more for the
Poorest Households compared to richest
(d) 3 and 4 only households.
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 24
65. Hkkjr ds ldy ?kjsyw mRikn (GDP) dh x.kuk djrs 68. çkFkfed ?kkVs ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@
le; fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdu vkÆFkd xfrfofèk;ksa dk ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
ys[kk&tks[kk j[kk tk,xk\ 1- bldks jktdks"kh; ?kkVk ?kVk fiNyh mèkkfj;ksa
1- fofHkUu ns'kksa ds chp ,;j bafM;k dh lsok,a ij C;kt Hkqxrku ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k
tkrk gSA
2- Hkkjr esa USA ds nwrkokl }kjk vÆtr
2- fldqM+rk gqvk çkFkfed ?kkVk jktdks"kh; fLFkfr
jktLo
fcxM+us dk ladsr nsrk gSA
3- Hkkjr esa [kjhnh xÃ lsdsaM gSaM dkj
3- çkFkfed ?kkVk ges'kk jktdks"kh; ?kkVs ls de
4- Hkkjr esa [kjhnk x;k vk;kfrr b= ;k cjkcj gksrk gSA
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A
(a) dsoy 1 (a) dsoy 1
(b) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (b) dsoy 2
(c) dsoy 1] 2 vkSj 3 (c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
(d) dsoy 2] 3 vkSj 4 (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
RE
66. caèki= çfrQy O;qRØe.k ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls 69. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk fdlh LVkVZ&vi esa ",atsy
dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\ fuos'k" 'kCn dk lgh&lgh o.kZu djrk gS\
(a) m|eh dk viuk QaM@iw¡thA
1- ;g rc gksrk gS tc yach vofèk ds caèki= ij
(b) O;olk; _.k ds :i esa cSadksa ls fy;k x;k
çfrQy NksVh vofèk ds caèki= ij çfrQy ls
O QaMA
de gks tkrk gSA (c) lkekU;r% baVjusV ds ekè;e ls cM+h la[;k esa
2- O;qRØfed çfrQy oØ vklUu eanh dk etcwr yksxksa ls NksVh jkf'k;ksa esa tqVk;k x;k QaMA
ladsrd gSA (d) O;olk; esa bfDoVh dh fgLlsnkjh ds cnys èkuh
O;fä;ksa ls fy;k x;k QaMA
SC
3- caèki= dk çfrQy caèki= dh dher dk
O;qRØekuqikrh gksrk gSA
70. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk fnokfy;iu vkSj _.k
'kksèku v{kerk lafgrk] 2016 dk mís'; ugÈ gS\
(a) dsoy 1
(a) _.k dh c<+rh miyCèkrk
(b) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
(b) m|ferk dks c<+kok nsuk
(c) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(c) d‚jiksjsV O;fä;ksa dk fnokyk lekèkku
GS
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
(d) _.k dh miyCèkrk ij fu;a=.k la[r djuk
67. fdlh vFkZO;oLFkk esa c<+rh eqækLQhfr dh vofèk ds 71. gky gh esa] vkÆFkd losZ{k.k 2020-21 esa cqfu;knh
nkSjku fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lh fLFkfr "dHkh ugÈ" vko';drk lwpdkad (BNI) çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA
?kfVr gks ldrh gS\ BNI ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku
1- eqæk dh Ø; 'kfä gks tkrh gS lgh gS@gSa\
2- vk; ds ukeek= ewY; esa deh 1- ;g jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; (NSO) ds
3- fu;kZr dh ek=k de gks tkrh gS MsVk dk mi;ksx dj lHkh jkT;ksa@la?k 'kkflr
çns'kksa ds fy, cuk;k x;k gSA
4- yksx viuk iSlk j[kus ds ctk; fuos'k djuk
2- 2012 dh rqyuk esa 2018 esa cqfu;knh
ilan djrs gSaA
vko';drkvksa rd igqap esa varj&jkT;
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A vlekurk,a c<+h gSaA
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
3- laiUure ifjokjksa dh rqyuk esa fuèkZure
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3 ifjokjksa ds fy, vkokl] ty] LoPNrk vkSj
(c) dsoy 1] 3 vkSj 4 fctyh tSlh cqfu;knh vko';drkvksa rd igqap
(d) dsoy 3 vkSj 4 esa vuqikrghu :i ls vfèkd lqèkkj vk;k gSA
25 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
Select the correct answer using the code given Which of the above statements are correct?
below: (a) 1 and 3 only
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(b) 2 only (c) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
75. In the context of stock market operations,
72. With reference to Shadow Banks, consider the following statements:
consider the following statements: 1. Penny Stocks are the shares which
1. They perform all the activities as remain high-priced at a stock exchange
performed by traditional banks. for a comparatively longer period.
2. Shadow Banks are not regulated by any 2. The limits upto which shares can
regulatory authority in India. be issued by a company is known as
authorized capital.
Which of the statements given above is/are
3. Derivative is a product whose value is
correct?
RE
derived from the value of underlying
(a) 1 only assets such as forex reserves.
(b) 2 only Which of the above statements are correct?
(c) Both 1 and 2
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(b) 1 and 2 only

O (c) 2 and 3 only
regarding Global Depository Receipts (d) 1 and 3 only
(GDRs):
1. GDRs enable company to access investors 76. Debt Receipts are important source of
SC
in the capital markets outside the financing Fiscal Deficit. Which of the
domestic market. following constitutes Debt Receipts?
2. GDRs are denominated in Indian 1. G-Sec and T Bills
currency and traded at international
stock exchanges. 2. Securities against small savings
3. State Provident Funds
Which of the statements given above is/are
4. Recovery of loans
GS
correct?
(a) 1 only Select the correct answer using the codes given
(b) 2 only below:
(c) Both 1 and 2 (a) 1 and 2 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (b) 1, 2 and 3 only

(c) 2 and 3 only
74. The International Monetary Fund (IMF)
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
is a quota-based institution. In the
context of IMF quota system consider
the following statements: 77. Consider the following regarding India
1. A member’s own quota cannot be changed Infrastructure Project Development
without its consent. Fund Scheme (IIPDF):
2. Quotas determine the maximum amount 1. It is a Central Sponsored Scheme
of financial resources a member is obliged launched in 2007.
to provide to the IMF. 2. IIPDF will contribute up to 90% of the
3. It also determines a member’s share in project development expenses to the
a general allocation of Special Drawing Sponsoring Authority as an interest free
Rights. loan.
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 26
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&ls lgh gSa\
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
75. LV‚d cktkj dh lafØ;kvksa ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr

72. 'kSMks cSadksa ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj
dhft,%
1- isUuh LV‚d os 'ks;j gksrs gSa ftudh dher
1- ;s ikjaifjd cSadksa }kjk dh tkus okyh lHkh rqyukRed :i ls yach vofèk ds fy, LV‚d
xfrfofèk;k¡ djrs gSaA ,Dlpsat esa Åaph gksrh gSA
2- 'kSMks cSad Hkkjr esa fdlh Hkh fu;kedh; 2- fdlh daiuh }kjk ftl lhek rd 'ks;jksa dks
çkfèkdj.k }kjk fofu;fer ugÈ gSaA tkjh fd;k tk ldrk gS] mldks vfèk—r iw¡th
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA
RE
(a) dsoy 1 3- MsfjosfVo og mRikn gS ftldk ewY; fons'kh
(b) dsoy 2 eqæk HkaMkj tSlh varÆufgr ifjlaifÙk;ksa ds ewY;
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa ls fudkyk tkrk gSA
(d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2 mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&ls lgh gSa\
(a) 1] 2 vkSj 3
73. oSfÜod fMi‚ftVjh çkfIr;ksa (GDR) ds lacaèk esa (b) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%
1- GDR
O
daifu;ksa ds fy, ?kjsyw cktkj ds ckgj
(c) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(d) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
iw¡th cktkj esa fuos'kdksa rd igqapuk laHko

SC
76. _.k çkfIr;k¡ jktdks"kh; ?kkVs dk foÙkiks"k.k djus
cukrk gSA
dk egRoiw.kZ lzksr gSaA fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&ls _.k
2- GDR Hkkjrh; eqæk ds ewY;oxZ esa gSa vkSj mudk
çkfIr;k¡ gSa\
varjjk"Vªh; LV‚d ,Dlpsatksa esa dkjksckj fd;k
1- ljdkjh çfrHkwfr;k¡ vkSj jktdks"k fcy
tkrk gSA
2- y?kq cprksa ds fo#) çfrHkwfr;k¡
3- jkT; Hkfo"; fufèk
GS
(a) dsoy 1
(b) dsoy 2 4- _.kksa dh olwyh
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A
(d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2 (a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
(b) dsoy 1] 2 vkSj 3
(c) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
74. varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k (IMF) dksVk vkèkkfjr laLFkk gSA
(d) 1] 2] 3 vkSj 4
IMF dh dksVk ç.kkyh ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa
ij fopkj dhft,% 77. Hkkjr volajpuk ifj;kstuk fodkl fufèk ;kstuk
1- fdlh lnL; dk mldk dksVk mldh lgefr (IIPDF) ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj
ds fcuk ugÈ cnyk tk ldrk gSA dhft,%
2- dksVk foÙkh; lalkèkuksa dh og vfèkdre ek=k 1- ;g dsaæ çk;ksftr ;kstuk gS ftldk 'kqHkkjaHk
fuèkkZfjr djrk gS tks dksÃ lnL; IMF dks 2007 esa gqvk FkkA
çnku djus ds fy, ckè; gksrk gSA 2- IIPDF C;kt eqä _.k ds :i esa çk;kstd
3- ;g fo'ks"k vkgj.k vfèkdkjksa ds lkekU; vkoaVu çkfèkdj.k ds fy, ifj;kstuk fodkl O;; esa
esa lnL; dh fgLlsnkjh Hkh fuèkkZfjr djrk gSA 90% rd ;ksxnku nsxkA
27 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
Which of the following statement is/are 3. India’s First Floating Financial Literacy
incorrect? Camp is organised in Srinagar, J&K.
(a) 1 only Select the correct answer using the code given
(b) 2 only below:
(c) Both 1 and 2 (a) 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
78. Consider the following regarding
Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan Urvarak (d) 1, 2, and 3
Pariyojana:
1. Under this scheme, the government will 81. Which of the following statements is
be held accountable if any bag or batch incorrect about ESG funds?
of fertiliser fails to fulfil the needed
standards. (a) It invest in stocks of companies that have
2. This scheme applies to both public & no evidence of any harmful environmental
private sector companies. impact
RE
Which of the following statement is/are (b) It invest in companies committed to
corporate social responsibility (CSR)
correct?
measures
(a) 1 only
(c) They are regulated by SEBI.
(b) 2 only
(d) The first ESG mutual fund was launched
(c) Both 1 and 2
O by ICICI.
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
79. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
SC
incorrect about differential banks?
1. A bad bank is an independent entity that
1. All loan assets of Regional Rural Banks
must go to area under priority sector buys NPAs from banks and financial
lending. institutions at a discounted market price
2. Payment banks can accept deposits up to 2. The central government has provided
2 lakhs. for creation of Public Sector Asset
3. Local area banks are setup by Union/state Rehabilitation Agency (PARA) in Budget
GS
government by an act of legislature. 2021.
Select the correct answer using the code given Select the correct answer using the code given
below: below:
(a) 1 only (a) 1 only
(c) 1 and 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

regarding Niveshak Didi Initiative: 83. Global Vaccine Market Report 2022 is
1. It is based on the ideology of by the published by
women for the women for promoting (a) GAVI
financial literacy.
(b) WHO
2. It is launched by SEBI, in collaboration
with Investor Education and Protection (c) UNDP
Fund Authority (IEPFA) under the aegis
of Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA). (d) UNICEF in alliance with COVAX
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 28
fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu lk@ls dFku xyr gS@gSa\ 3- Hkkjr dk igyk rSjusokyk foÙkh; lk{kjrk
(a) dsoy 1 f'kfoj tEew&d'ehj ds Jhuxj esa vk;ksftr
(b) dsoy 2 fd;k x;k gSA
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu ls dFku lgh gSa\
(d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2 (a) 1 vkSj 2
(b) 2 vkSj 3
78. çèkku ea=h Hkkjrh; tu moZjd ifj;kstuk ds lacaèk esa
(c) 1 vkSj 3
fuEufyf[kr ij fopkj dhft,%
(d) 1] 2] vkSj 3
1- bl ;kstuk ds varxZr] ;fn moZjd dh dksÃ
cksjh dk [ksi vko';d ekudksa dks iwjk djus
81. ESG QaM ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk dFku
esa foQy jgrh gS] rks ljdkj dks tokcnsg
Bgjk;k tk,xkA xyr gS\
2- ;g ;kstuk lkoZtfud vkSj futh nksuksa {ks=d (a) ftu daifu;ksa dk dksÃ Hkh gkfudkjd
dh daifu;ksa ij ykxw gksrh gSA i;kZoj.kh; çHkko dk dksÃ lk{; ugÈ gS] ;g
RE
fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ muds 'ks;jksa esa fuos'k djrk gSA
(a) dsoy 1
(b) ;g d‚iksZjsV lkekftd mRrjnkf;Ro (CSR)
(b) dsoy 2
mik;ksa ds çfr çfrc) daifu;ksa esa fuos'k djrk
(d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2 gSA
O (c) ESG QaM SEBI }kjk fofu;fer gSaA
79. foHksnd cSadksa ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@ (d) igyk ESG E;wpqvy QaM ICICI }kjk vkjaHk
ls dFku xyr gS@gSa\ fd;k x;k FkkA
1- {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSadksa dh lHkh _.k vkfLr;k¡
SC
çkFkfedrk çkIr {ks= _.kçnk; ds varxZr {ks= 82. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
esa tkuh pkfg,A
1- cSM cSad cSadksa vkSj foÙkh; laLFkkuksa ls fj;k;rh
2- Hkqxrku cSad 2 yk[k :i, rd tek,a Lohdkj
cktkj ewY; ij NPA [kjhnus okyk Lora=
dj ldrs gSaA
bdkÃ gSA
3- la?k@jkT; ljdkj }kjk foèkkf;dk esa vfèkfu;e
cukdj LFkkuh; {ks= ds cSadksa dh LFkkiuk dh 2- dsaæ ljdkj us ctV 2021 esa lkoZtfud {ks=d
GS
tkrh gSA iquÆuos'ku vfHkdj.k (PARA) ds fuekZ.k dk

uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A çkoèkku fd;k FkkA
(a) dsoy 1 uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(a) dsoy 1
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
(b) dsoy 2
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
80. fuos'kd nhnh igy ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij (d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2
fopkj dhft,%
1- ;g foÙkh; lk{kjrk dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, 83. fdlds }kjk Xykscy oSDlhu ekdsZV fjiksVZ 2022
efgykvksa ds fy, efgykvksa }kjk dh fopkjèkkjk çdkf'kr dh xÃ gS\
ij vkèkkfjr gSA (a) GAVI
2- ;g igy SEBI }kjk d‚iksZjsV ekeyksa ds (b) WHO
ea=ky; (MCA) ds rRokoèkku esa fuos'kd
(c) UNDP
f'k{kk vkSj laj{k.k dks"k çkfèkdj.k (IEPFA)
ds lg;ksx ls vkjaHk dh xÃ gSA (d) COVAX ds lkFk xBcaèku esa UNICEF
29 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
regarding Small Farmers Agribusiness regarding National Institute For Plant
Consortium (SFAC): Biotechnology (NIPB):
1. It is the central procurement agency for 1. It is a premiere research institution of the
wheat and rice under Price Stabilization Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Fund (PSF). (ICAR) founded in 1985.
2. It is an exclusive society focused on 2. Pusa Jai Kisan, which is one of the top
increasing incomes of small and marginal three mustard varieties developed by
farmers. NIPB.
3. SFAC is the lead agency for implementing
the National Agriculture Market Which of the following statements is/are
Electronic Trading (e-Nam) platform. correct?
Which of the above statements are correct? (a) 1 only
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only (c) Both 1 and 2
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
RE
(d) 1, 2 and 3
regarding Core Inflation:
85. Consider the following: 1. It exhibits volatility due to short run
“It is a privilege given to existing shareholders shocks.
to subscribe to a new issue of shares according
to the terms and conditions of the company.” 2. It is measured by excluding food and fuel
components from headline inflation.
O
Which of the following methods of floating new
issues in the primary market is discussed in Which of the above statements is/are correct?
the above passage? (a) 1 only
(a) Rights Issue (b) 2 only
SC
(b) Initial Public Offer (c) Both 1and 2
(c) Offer for Sale (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) Offer through Prospectus

89. Which of the following pairs is/are
correctly matched?
86. Which of the following Digital Services
1. Debt Receipts - Market Borrowings
will be offered by Digital Banking Units,
announced in Budget 2022-23? 2. Non-debt Receipts - Profits from Public
GS
Sector Enterprises
1. Any product or service that can be
provided digitally through internet 3. Non-tax Revenue - Disinvestment
banking or mobile banking can be Receipts
provided in the DBU.
Select the correct code using the code given
2. It will facilitate end to end digital
processing of loans, starting from online below:
application to disbursal. (a) 1 only
3. It will enhance financial literacy by
(b) 2 and 3 only
providing hands-on education on safe
digital banking products and practices to (c) 1 and 3 only
the customers.
(d) 1, 2 and 3
90. Consider the following statements with
below:
regard to market structure:
(a) 3 only 1. In a perfect competition market structure,
(b) 1 and 2 only small firms compete against each other.
2. Oligopoly describes a market structure
(c) 2 and 3 only
where firms can drive up prices and earn
(d) 1, 2 and 3 more profit
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 30
84. y?kq Ñ"kd Ñf"k O;kikj la?k (SFAC) ds lacaèk esa 87. jk"Vªh; ikni tSoçkS|ksfxdh laLFkku (NIPB) ds lacaèk
fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,% esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%
1- ;g dher fLFkjhdj.k dks"k (PSF) ds varxZr 1- ;g 1985 esa LFkkfir fd, x, Hkkjrh; —f"k
xsgwa vkSj pkoy ds fy, dsaæh; [kjhn ,tsalh vuqlaèkku ifj"kn (ICAR) dk çeq[k 'kksèk
gSA laLFkku gSA
2- ;g y?kq vkSj lhekar fdlkuksa dh vk; c<+kus 2- iwlk t; fdlku NIPB }kjk fodflr ljlksa
ij dsafær ,d fo'ks"k lkslk;Vh gSA dh 'kh"kZ rhu fdLeksa esa ls ,d gSA
3- SFAC jk"Vªh; —f"k cktkj bysDVª‚fud VªsÇMx fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(e-NAM) IysVQ‚eZ dk dk;kZUo;u djus okyk (a) dsoy 1
çeq[k vfHkdj.k gSA (b) dsoy 2
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&ls lgh gSa\ (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 88. dksj eqækLQhfr ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij
RE
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3 fopkj dhft,%
1- ;g vYikofèkd >Vdksa ds dkj.k vfLFkjrk
85. fuEufyf[kr ij fopkj dhft,% çnÆ'kr djrh gSA
Þ;g daiuh ds fu;eksa vkSj 'krks± ds vuqlkj 'ks;jksa 2- bldk gsMykbu eqækLQhfr ls [kk| vkSj b±èku
dk dksÃ u;k fuxZeu vfHknRr djus ds fy, orZeku ?kVdksa dks gVkdj ekiu fd;k tkrk gSA
'ks;jèkkjdksa dks fn;k x;k fo'ks"kkfèkdkj gSAß
mi;qZä x|ka'k esa çkFkfed cktkj esa u, fuxZe
çokfgr djus dh fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdl fofèk ij
ppkZ dh xÃ gS\
O (a) dsoy 1
(b) dsoy 2
(a) jkbV~l b';w
SC
(b) çkjafHkd lkoZtfud çLrko
(c) fcØh ds fy, çLrko
89. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls ;qXe lgh lqesfyr gS@
(d) 'ks;j fooj.k i=ds ekè;e ls çLrko
gSa\
86. ctV 2022&23 esa ?kksf"kr fMftVy cSaÇdx bdkb;ksa 1- _.k çkfIr;k¡ & cktkj mèkkfj;k¡
}kjk fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lh fMftVy lsok,a çnku 2- xSj&_.k çkfIr;k¡ & lkoZtfud {ks= ds
GS
dh tk,axh\ m|eksa ls ykHk

1- dksÃ Hkh mRikn ;k lsok tks baVjusV cSaÇdx ;k 3- xSj&dj jktLo & fofuos'k çkfIr;k¡
eksckby cSaÇdx ds ekè;e ls fMftVy :i ls uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh fodYi
çnku dh tk ldrh gS] og DBU esa çnku pqfu,%
dh tk ldrh gSA (a) dsoy 1
2- ;g v‚uykbu vkosnu ls ysdj laforj.k rd] (b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
_.kksa ds vk|ksikar fMftVy çlaLdj.k dh (c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
lqfoèkk çnku djsxkA (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
3- ;g xzkgdksa dks lqjf{kr fMftVy cSaÇdx mRiknksa

vkSj çFkkvksa ij O;kogkfjd f'k{kk çnku dj 90. cktkj lajpuk ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj
foÙkh; lk{kjrk c<+k,xkA dhft,%
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A 1- iw.kZ çfr;ksfxrk cktkj lajpuk esa] y?kq Qes±
(a) dsoy 3 ,d&nwljs ds fo#) çfrLièkkZ djrh gSaA
(b) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 2- vYikfèkdkj ,slh cktkj lajpuk dk o.kZu
(c) dsoy 2 vkSj 3 djrk gS ftlesa Qes± dhersa c<+k ldrh gSa vkSj
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3 vfèkd ykHk dek ldrh gSaA
31 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
Which of the above statements is/are correct? 3. Tier-2 capital is used to absorb losses
in the event of a winding-up and so
(a) 1 only
provides a lesser degree of protection to
(b) 2 only depositors.
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
regarding Prime Minister’s Development (b) 1 and 3 only
Initiative for North East Region (PM-
(c) 2 and 3 only
DevINE).
1. It is a Central Sector Scheme with 100% (d) All of the above
central funding announced in Budget
2022-23. 94. Consider the following statements
2. It is to be implemented during the with regard to Government Securities
remaining four years of the 15th Finance (G-Sec) and Treasury Bills:
Commission from 2022-23 to 2025-26. 1. The Central Government issues both
RE
3. It will be a substitute for existing central treasury bills and G-securities while the
and state schemes in North-East Region. State Governments issue G-securities.
2. Treasury bills are long term debt
instruments whereas G-securities are
(a) 2 only short term debt instruments.
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
O Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2 only
SC
92. Market Stabilization Scheme (MSS) (c) Both 1 and 2
has long been used by the central bank (d) Neither 1 nor 2
for containing inflation and boosting
growth prospects. Consider the
following statements in this regard: 95. Which of the following statements
regarding National Technical Textiles
1. MSS is utilized for liquidity easing in the Mission is/are correct?
market.
1. It aims to position the country as a global
GS
2. MSS bonds issued under this scheme are

leader in technical textiles and increase
included as part of country’s external
the use of technical textiles in the
debt.
domestic market.
Which of the above statements is/are correct? 2. Technical textiles are functional fabrics
(a) 1 only that have applications across various
industries including automobiles,
(b) 2 only civil engineering and construction,
(c) Both 1 and 2 agriculture.
(d) Neither 1 or 2 3. A Mission Directorate will be operational
in the GIFT city of Gujarat.
93. Consider the following statements with Select the correct answer using code given
regard to Capital Adequacy Ratio:
below:
1. It is used to protect depositors and
promote the stability and efficiency of (a) 1 and 2 only
financial systems (b) 1 and 3 only
2. Tier-1 capital is used to absorb losses
(c) 3 only
without a bank being required to cease
trading (d) 1, 2 and 3
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 32
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ 3- Vh;j &2 iw¡th dk lekiu dh fLFkfr esa gkfu;ksa
(a) dsoy 1 dks vo'kksf"kr djus ds fy, mi;ksx fd;k
(b) dsoy 2 tkrk gS vkSj blfy, ;g tekdrkZvksa dks de
ek=k esa lqj{kk çnku djrk gSA
91. iwoksZÙkj {ks= ds fy, çèkku ea=h dh fodkl igy (PM- (a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
DevINE)-ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj (b) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
dhft,A (c) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
1- ;g 2022&23 ds ctV esa ?kksf"kr 100% dsaæh; (d) mi;qZä lHkh
foÙk iks"k.k okyh dsaæh; {ks=d dh ;kstuk gSA
2- bldk 2022&23 ls 2025&26 rd 15osa foÙk 94. ljdkjh çfrHkwfr;ksa (G&Sec) vkSj jktdks"k fcyksa ds
vk;ksx ds 'ks"k pkj o"kks± ds nkSjku dk;kZUo;u
lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%
fd;k tkuk gSA
3- ;g iwoksZÙkj {ks= esa orZeku dsaæh; vkSj jkT; 1- dsaæ ljdkj jktdks"k fcy vkSj ljdkjh
RE
;kstukvksa dk LFkku ysxkA çfrHkwfr;k¡ nksuksa tkjh djrh gS tcfd jkT;
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa% ljdkjsa ljdkjh çfrHkwfr;k¡ tkjh djrh gSaA
(a) dsoy 2 2- jktdks"k fcy nh?kZdkfyd _.k foi= gSa tcfd
(b) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
ljdkjh çfrHkwfr;k¡ vYidkfyd _.k foi=
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
gSaA
92.
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
O
dsaæh; cSad }kjk eqækLQhfr dks fu;af=r djus vkSj
(a) dsoy 1
fodkl dh laHkkoukvksa dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, yacs (b) dsoy 2
SC
le; ls cktkj fLFkjhdj.k ;kstuk (MSS) dk mi;ksx (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa
fd;k tkrk jgk gSA blds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa (d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2
ij fopkj dhft,%
1- MSS dk cktkj esa rjyrk lqxe cukus ds
95. jk"Vªh; rduhdh diM+k fe'ku ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr
fy, mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
esa ls dkSu&ls dFku lgh gSa\
2- bl ;kstuk ds varxZr tkjh fd, x, MSS caèki=ksa
GS
ns'k ds ckgjh _.k esa 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA 1- bldk mís'; ns'k dks rduhdh oL=ksa esa oSfÜod
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ usrk ds :i esa LFkkfir djuk vkSj ?kjsyw cktkj
(a) dsoy 1 esa rduhdh oL=ksa dk mi;ksx c<+kuk gS A
(b) dsoy 2
2- rduhdh oL= dk;kZRed oL= gksrs gSa ftudk
(d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2 v‚Vksokgu] flfoy bathfu;Çjx vkSj fuekZ.k]
—f"k lfgr fofHkUu m|ksxksa esa mi;ksx fd;k
93. iwath i;kZIrrk vuqikr ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa tkrk gSA
ij fopkj dhft,% 3- ,d fe'ku funs'kky; xqtjkr ds GIFT 'kgj
1- bldk tekdrkZvksa dh j{kk djus vkSj foÙkh; esa dke djsxkA
ç.kkfy;ksa dh fLFkjrk vkSj n{krk dks c<+kok nsus
ds fy, mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A%
2- Vh;j &1 iwath dk fdlh cSad ds fy, O;kikj (a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
can djus dh vko';drk ds fcuk ?kkVs dks (b) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
vo'kksf"kr djus ds fy, mi;ksx fd;k tkrk (c) dsoy 3
gS (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
33 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
96. Which of the following statements (a) Dismantling of Administered Price
regarding Quarterly Employment Mechanism
Survey is/are correct?
(b) Labor Law Reforms
1. It provides quarterly updates about the
(c) Interest Rate Deregulation
employment and related variables of
establishments in unorganised sector. (d) Fiscal Responsibility and Budgetary
Management Act
2. It gives the supply side picture of the
labour market.
3. It is released by the Labour Bureau,
1. A currency war is a tit-for-tat policy of
Ministry of Labour and Employment.
official currency devaluation aimed at
Select the correct answer using code given improving each nation's foreign trade
competitiveness at the expense of other
below:
nations.
(a) 3 only 2. It results in, the stock market becomes
(b) 1 and 2 only less expensive for foreign investors.
3. Businesses export decreases and becomes
RE
(c) 2 only
less profitable.
(d) 1, 2 and 3
97. With reference to the different (a) 1 only

connotations of the term ‘privatization’, (b) 2 only
consider the following statements:
1.
O
Sale of government stake to the tune of
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) 2 and 3 only
49% is called minority stake sale.
2. De-nationalization is the sale transfer
100. Arrange the following means of Deficit
SC
of entire state ownership to the private
Financing in India in terms of their
sector. suggested or preferred order:
3. Strategic Disinvestment always involves 1. Printing Currency
transfer of management control to the
2. Internal Borrowings
private ownership.
3. External Aids
Which of the above statements is/are correct? 4. External Borrowings
GS
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only below:
(c) 2 and 3 only (a) 3-4-2-1
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 3-2-4-1
(c) 3-1-2-4
98. Which of the following is not a second
generation reform? (d) 2-3-4-1

PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 34
96. =Sekfld jkstxkj losZ{k.k ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls (a) ç'kkflr dher ra= dks lekIr djuk
dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\ (b) Je dkuwuksa esa lqèkkj
1- ;g jkstxkj vkSj vlaxfBr {ks=d esa çfr"Bkuksa (c) C;kt nj vfofu;eu
ds lacafèkr pjksa ds lacaèk esa =Sekfld v|ru (d) jktdks"kh; mÙkjnkf;Ro vkSj ctVh; çcaèku
tkudkjh çnku djrk gSA vfèkfu;e
2- ;g Je cktkj dh vkiwÆr i{k dh rLohj is'k

99. fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%
djrk gSA
1- eqæk ;q) vkfèkdkfjd eqæk voewY;u dh tSls
3- ;g Je vkSj jkstxkj ea=ky; ds Je C;wjks dks rSlk uhfr gS] ftldk mís'; vU; ns'kksa
}kjk tkjh fd;k tkrk gSA dh dher ij çR;sd ns'k dh fons'kh O;kikj
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A% çfrLièkkZRedrk esa lqèkkj ykuk gksrk gSA
(a) dsoy 3 2- blds ifj.kkeLo:i 'ks;j cktkj fons'kh
(b) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 fuos'kdksa ds fy, de egaxk gks tkrk gSA
RE
(c) dsoy 2 3- O;olk;ksa dk fu;kZr de gks tkrk gS vkSj de
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3 ykHknk;d gks tkrk gSA
97. ^futhdj.k* 'kCn ds fofHkUu vFkks± ds lanHkZ esa] (a) dsoy 1
fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,% O (b) dsoy 2
1- 49% rd ljdkjh fgLlsnkjh dh fcØh dks (c) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
vYila[;d fgLlsnkjh fcØh dgk tkrk gSA (d) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
2- fo&jk"Vªh;dj.k jkT; ds laiwe.kZ LokfeRo dk

100. Hkkjr esa ?kkVs ds foÙkiks"k.k ds fuEufyf[kr lkèkuksa
SC
futh {ks= dks fcØh gLrkarj.k gSA
dks muds vuq'kaflr ;k vfèkekfur Øe ds vuqlkj
3- lkefjd fofuos'k esa ges'kk futh LokfeRo esa
O;ofLFkr dhft,%
çcaèku fu;a=.k LFkkukarfjr djuk 'kkfey gksrk
1- eqæk Nkiuk
gSA
2- vkarfjd mèkkfj;k¡
GS
(a) dsoy 1
3- cká lgk;rk
(b) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 4- cká mèkkfj;k¡
(c) dsoy 2 vkSj 3 uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3 (a) 3&4&2&1
(b) 3&2&4&1
98. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk nwljh ih<+h dk lqèkkj ugÈ (c) 3&1&2&4
gS\ (d) 2&3&4&1

35 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
Space for Rough Work
RE
O
SC
GS
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 36
Space for Rough Work
RE
O
SC
GS
37 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
tc rd vkidks ;g ijh{k.k iqfLrdk [kksyus dks u dgk tk, rc rd u [kksysa
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
Test No.
lkekU; v/;;u
vFkZO;oLFkk fjfotu VsLV 19
le; % nks ?k.Vs iw.kkZad % 200
1. ijh{kk izkjEHk gksus ds rqjUr ckn] vki bl ijh{k.k iqfLrdk dh iM+rky vo'; dj ysa fd blesa dksbZ fcuk Nik] QVk ;k NwVk gqvk i`"B
vFkok iz'uka'k] vkfn u gksA ;fn ,slk gS] rks bls lgh ijh{k.k iqfLrdk ls cny ysaA
2. Ñi;k /;ku j[ksa fd OMR mÙkj&i=d esa] mfpr LFkku ij] jksy uEcj vkSj ijh{k.k iqfLrdk vuqØe A, B, C ;k D dks] /;ku ls ,oa
fcuk fdlh pwd ;k folaxfr ds Hkjus vkSj dwVc) djus dh ftEesnkjh mEehnokj dh gSA fdlh Hkh izdkj dh pwd@folaxfr dh fLFkfr esa
mÙkj&i=d fujLr dj fn;k tk,xkA
3. bl ijh{k.k ij lkFk esa fn, x, dks"Bd esa vkidks viuk vuqØekad fy[kuk gSA ijh{k.k
iqfLrdk ij vkSj dqN u fy[ksaA
4. bl ijh{k.k iqfLrdk esa 100 iz'ukad ¼iz'u½ fn, x, gSaA izR;sd iz'uka'k fgUnh vkSj vaxzsth nksauksa esa Nik gSA izR;sd iz'uka'k esa pkj izR;qÙkj
¼mÙkj½ fn, x, gSaA buesa ls ,d izR;qÙkj dks pqu ysa] ftls vki mÙkj&i=d ij vafdr djuk pkgrs gSaA ;fn vkidks ,slk yxs fd ,d ls
vf/kd izR;qÙkj lgh gS] rks ml izR;qÙkj dks vafdr djsa tks vkidks loksZÙke yxsA izR;sd iz'uka'k ds fy, dsoy ,d gh izR;qÙkj pquuk gSA
5. vkidks vius lHkh izR;qÙkj vyx ls fn, x, mÙkj&i=d ij gh vafdr djus gSaA mÙkj&i=d esa fn, x, funsZ'k ns[ksaA
6. lHkh iz'uka'kksa ds vad leku gSaA
7. blls igys fd vki ijh{k.k iqfLrdk ds fofHkUu iz'uka'kksa ds izR;qÙkj mÙkj&i=d ij vafdr djuk 'kq: djsa] vkidks izos'k izek.k&i= ds
lkFk izsf"kr vuqns'kksa ds vuq'kkj dqN fooj.k mÙkj&i=d esa nsus gSaA
8. vki vius lHkh izR;qÙkjksa dks mÙkj&i=d esa Hkjus ds ckn rFkk ijh{kk ds leku ij dsoy mÙkj&i=d v/kh{kd dks lkSai nsaA vkidks vius
lkFk ijh{kd iqfLrdk ys tkus dh vuqefr gSA
9. dPps dke ds fy, i=d ijh{k.k iqfLrdk ds vUr esa layXu gSA
10. xyr mÙkjksa ds fy, n.M %
mEehnokj }kjk fn, x, xyr mÙkjksa ds fy, n.M fn;k tk,xkA

(i) izR;sd iz'u ds fy, pkj oSdfYid mÙkj gSaA mEehnokj }kjk izR;sd iz'u ds fy, fn, x, ,d xyr ds fy,
iz'u gsrq fu;r fd, x, vadksa dk ,d&frgkbZ n.M ds :i esa dkVk tk,xkA
(ii) ;fn dksbZ mEehnokj ,d ls vf/kd mÙkj nsrk gS] rks bls xyr mÙkj ekuk tk,xk] ;|fi fn, x, mÙkjksa esa ls
,d mÙkj lgh gksrk gS] fQj Hkh ml iz'u ds fy, mi;qZäkuqlkj gh mlh rjg dk n.M fn;k tk,xkA
(iii) ;fn mEehnokj }kjk dksbZ iz'u gy ugha fd;k tkrk gS] vFkkZr~ mEehnokj }kjk mÙkj ugha fn;k tkrk gS] rks ml
iz'u ds fy, dksbZ n.M ugha fn;k tk,xkA
tc rd vkidks ;g ijh{k.k iqfLrdk [kksyus dks u dgk tk, rc rd u [kksysa
Note: English version of the instructions is printed on the front cover of this Booklet.
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
Test No.
IAS Prelims - 2023

19
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
GENERAL STUDIES
ECONOMY REVISION TEST
Answer Key
Q. 1 (c) Q. 26 (b) Q. 51 (d) Q. 76 (b)
Q. 2 (d) Q. 27 (d) Q. 52 (d) Q. 77 (c)
Q. 3 (b) Q. 28 (d) Q. 53 (c) Q. 78 (c)
Q. 4 (c) Q. 29 (b) Q. 54 (a) Q. 79 (d)
Q. 5 (c) Q. 30 (c) Q. 55 (a) Q. 80 (c)
Q. 6 (b) Q. 31 (c) Q. 56 (b) Q. 81 (d)
Q. 7 (b) Q. 32 (a) Q. 57 (a) Q. 82 (a)
Q. 8 (c) Q. 33 (d) Q. 58 (d) Q. 83 (d)
Q. 9 (c) Q. 34 (a) Q. 59 (b) Q. 84 (b)
Q. 10 (c) Q. 35 (a) Q. 60 (c) Q. 85 (a)
Q. 11 (c) Q. 36 (d) Q. 61 (a) Q. 86 (d)
Q. 12 (b) Q. 37 (a) Q. 62 (c) Q. 87 (c)
Q. 13 (c) Q. 38 (c) Q. 63 (c) Q. 88 (b)
Q. 14 (c) Q. 39 (b) Q. 64 (c) Q. 89 (a)
Q. 15 (b) Q. 40 (d) Q. 65 (a) Q. 90 (c)
Q. 16 (c) Q. 41 (d) Q. 66 (d) Q. 91 (b)
Q. 17 (d) Q. 42 (d) Q. 67 (b) Q. 92 (d)
Q. 18 (c) Q. 43 (d) Q. 68 (c) Q. 93 (d)
Q. 19 (b) Q. 44 (a) Q. 69 (d) Q. 94 (a)
Q. 20 (d) Q. 45 (b) Q. 70 (d) Q. 95 (a)
Q. 21 (a) Q. 46 (a) Q. 71 (a) Q. 96 (a)
Q. 22 (b) Q. 47 (c) Q. 72 (b) Q. 97 (d)
Q. 23 (c) Q. 48 (a) Q. 73 (a) Q. 98 (c)
Q. 24 (c) Q. 49 (c) Q. 74 (d) Q. 99 (c)
Q. 25 (c) Q. 50 (b) Q. 75 (c) Q. 100 (a)
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
1. Correct Option: (c) and statutory body which is responsible for
managing and regulating insurance and re-
Explanation: insurance industry in India.
Both statements are correct IRDAI is a 10-member body- a chairman,
Money Multiplier five full-time members and four part-time
members. It was constituted under an Act
The money multiplier describes how an of Parliament in 1999 and the agency’s
initial deposit leads to a greater final headquarters is in Hyderabad.
increase in the total money supply.
Functions and Duties of IRDAI
Also known as “monetary multiplier,” it
represents the largest degree to which the Section 14 of the IRDA Act, 1999 lays down
money supply is influenced by changes in the duties, powers and functions of IRDA.
the quantity of deposits. Registering and regulating insurance
It identifies the ratio of decrease and/or companies
increase in the money supply in relation to Protecting policyholders’ interests
the commensurate decrease and/or increase Licensing and establishing norms for
in deposits. insurance intermediaries
The money supply multiplier effect can be Promoting professional organisations in
seen in a country’s banking system. An
RE
insurance
increase in bank lending should translate to
an expansion of a country’s money supply. Regulating and overseeing premium rates
and terms of non-life insurance covers
The size of the multiplier depends on the
percentage of deposits that banks are Specifying financial reporting norms of
required to hold as reserves. When the insurance companies
reserve requirement decreases the money Regulating investment of policyholders’
supply reserve multiplier increases and vice funds by insurance companies
O
versa. Ensuring the maintenance of solvency
When looking at the economy at large, margin by insurance companies
the multiplier would be the change in real Ensuring insurance coverage in rural areas
GDP divided by the change in investments.
SC
and of vulnerable sections of society
Investments can include government
spending, private investments, taxes, Topic: Insurance Regulatory Bodies
interest rates, and more.
Sub-Topic: Insurance Regulatory and
Most economists view the money multiplier Development Authority of India
in terms of reserve dollars and that is what
the money multiplier formula is based on.
Theoretically, this leads to a money (supply) 3. Correct Option: (b)
GS
reserve multiplier formula of:

Explanation:
MSRM = 1/RRR
Option (b) is correct: The equity of a
Where, regional rural bank is held by the Central
MSRM = Money supply reserve Government, concerned State Government
multiplier and the Sponsor Bank in the proportion of
50:15:35.
RRR = Reserve requirement ratio
Regional Rural Banks
Topic: Money Supply
Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) are financial
Sub-Topic: Money Multiplier institutions which ensure adequate credit
for agriculture and other rural sectors.
2. Correct Option: (d) Regional Rural Banks were set up on
the basis of the recommendations of the
Explanation: Narasimham Working Group (1975), and
All statements are correct. after the legislations of the Regional Rural
Banks Act, 1976.
Insurance Regulatory and Development
Authority of India (IRDAI) The first Regional Rural Bank “Prathama
Grameen Bank” was set up on October 2,
The Insurance Regulatory and Development 1975. At present there are 82 RRBs in
Authority of India (IRDAI) is an autonomous India.
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 2
The equity of a regional rural bank is held Small Finance Banks
by the Central Government, concerned Small Finance Banks are financial
State Government and the Sponsor Bank in institutions that intend to fund the financial
the proportion of 50:15:35. needs of the underprivileged sections
The RRBs combine the characteristics of a through basic banking activities of lending
cooperative in terms of the familiarity of and deposits.
the rural problems and a commercial bank These include small business units set
in terms of its professionalism and ability in rural areas, small and marginalized
to mobilise financial resources. Each RRB farmers, unorganized entities, and micro
operates within the local limits as notified and small industries.
by Government.
The small finance banks were set to reach
The main objectives of RRB’s are to provide out to the unbanked population in the
credit and other facilities‚ especially to the remote and unprivileged areas.
small and marginal farmers‚ agricultural
labourers artisans and small entrepreneurs Features of Small Banks
in rural areas with the objective of bridging It is mandatory for Small Finance Banks to
the credit gap in rural areas, checking the set up at least 25 percent of its branches in
outflow of rural deposits to urban areas and the unbanked remote and rural areas.
reduce regional imbalances and increase
The SFBs require a minimum capital
RE
rural employment generation.
requirement of Rs. 100 Cr.
The RRB’s have also been brought under
the ambit of priority sector lending on par The Small Finance Banks are subjected to
with the commercial banks. follow the rules and regulations set by the
RBI. These rules include maintenance of
Priority sector lending has been devised so the CRR or cash reserve ratio, and SLR or
that assistance from the banking system statutory liquidity ratio.
flowed in an increasing measure to the vital
O
sectors of the economy and according to The Small Finance Banks can even take up
national priorities. activities like distribution of mutual funds,
insurance products, and pension products,
Sectors like agriculture, small business, but only after approval from RBI.
housing, retail trade, education are
SC
categorised as priority sector by Reserve Also, SFBs can engage in foreign exchange
Bank of India and a stipulated amount has business as per their customer’s needs.
to be lent to these sectors by the banks. All Small Finance Banks deal with basic
As per the guidelines, domestic banks have lending and deposit activities, like loans
to ensure that forty percent of their advances and deposits. However, what makes these
are accounted for the priority sector. products stand out is that SFBs are required
to focus their products more towards the
Within the 40% priority target, 25% should priority sector, which includes facilitating
GS
go to weaker section or 10% of their total funds to poor people for housing, lending
advances should go to the weaker section. for agriculture and allied activities, funding
Weaker sections, under priority sector to micro and small industries, and weaker
lending purposes, include scheduled castes, sections of the society.
scheduled tribes, small and marginal These directives are regulated by the RBI
farmers, artisans and self-help groups. that allows Small Finance Banks to deal
Topic: Types of banks with the following products:
Deposits: All Small Finance Banks
Sub-Topic: Regional Rural Banks
provide Fixed and Recurring Deposits.
Interest rates charged by these banks
4. Correct Option: (c) on Fixed Deposit and Recurring
Deposit is comparatively higher than
Explanation: that of regular banks. Thus, a Fixed
Statement 2 is incorrect: It is mandatory Deposit by Small Finance Bank can
for Small Finance Banks to set up at least earn you more revenue.
25 percent of its branches in the unbanked Loans: All Small Finance Banks deal
remote and rural areas. with retail loan products like Personal,
Statement 3 is incorrect: SFBs Housing, and Auto loans. These Banks
was recommended by the NachiketMor are required to extend 75% of their
committee on financial inclusion. Adjusted Net profit for the priority
3
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
sector. In addition to that, 50% of the There is no toll right for the developer.
loans lent must be up to Rs. 25 Lakh. Under HAM, Revenue collection would be
the responsibility of the National Highways
Other Products: Small Finance Banks
Authority of India (NHAI).
deal in other products as well such as
Distribution of Mutual Funds, Pension Lease-Develop-Operate (LDO)
Products, Insurance Products, Foreign
In this type of investment model either
Exchange, Debit Cards, Savings and
the government or the public sector entity
Current Account Deposits
retains ownership of the newly created
Topic: Types of banks infrastructure facility and receives
payments in terms of a lease agreement
Sub-Topic: Small Finance Banks with the private promoter.
It is mostly followed in the development of
5. Correct Option: (c) airport facilities.
Explanation: Design-Build-Operate-Transfer (DBFOT)
Option (c) is correct: In Lease-Develop- In this model, entire responsibility for the
Operate (LDO) model, either the government design, construction, finance, and operation
or the public sector entity retains ownership of the project for the period of concession
of the newly created infrastructure facility lies with the private party.
RE
and receives payments in terms of a lease
Topic: Investment in Infrastructure
agreement with the private promoter.
Sub-Topic: Investment Models
Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT)
It is conventional PPP model in which
private partner is responsible to design, 6. Correct Option: (b)
build, operate (during the contracted period) Explanation:
O
and transfer back the facility to the public
sector. Statement 1 is incorrect: An APA is
an agreement between a tax payer and
Private sector partner has to bring the
tax authority determining the transfer
finance for the project and take the
pricing methodology for pricing the tax
SC
responsibility to construct and maintain it.
payer’s international transactions with
Public sector will allow private sector its associated enterprises (AE’s) for future
partner to collect revenue from the users. years.
The national highway projects contracted
Statement 3 is incorrect: The term of APA
out by NHAI under PPP mode is a major
can be a maximum of 5 years. There is no
example for the BOT model.
minimum period.
The Hybrid Annuity Model (HAM)
Advance Pricing Agreement (APA)
GS
In India, the new HAM is a mix of BOT

An APA is an agreement between a tax
Annuity and EPC models. As per the design,
payer and tax authority determining the
the government will contribute to 40% of the
transfer pricing methodology for pricing the
project cost in the first five years through
tax payer’s international transactions for
annual payments (annuity).
future years.
The remaining payment will be made on
The methodology is to be applied for a certain
the basis of the assets created and the
period of time based on the fulfilment of
performance of the developer.
certain terms and conditions (called critical
Here, hybrid annuity means the first 40% assumptions).
payment is made as fixed amount in five
An APA can be unilateral, bilateral, or
equal instalments whereas the remaining
multilateral.
60% is paid as variable annuity amount
after the completion of the project depending Unilateral APA: an APA that involves
upon the value of assets created. only the tax payer and the tax authority
of the country where the tax payer is
As the government pays only 40%, during
located.
the construction stage, the developer should
find money for the remaining amount. Bilateral APA (BAPA): an APA that
involves the tax payer, associated
Here, he has to raise the remaining 60% in
enterprise (AE) of the tax payer in the
the form of equity or loans.
foreign country, tax authority of the
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 4
country where the tax payer is located, Labour market.
and the foreign tax authority. Gender Inequality Index
Multilateral APA (MAPA): an APA GII presents a composite measure
that involves the tax payer, two or of gender inequality using three
more AEs of the tax payer in different dimensions:
foreign countries, tax authority of the
country where the tax payer is located, Reproductive health,
and the tax authorities of AEs. Empowerment and
An APA provides the following benefits- The labour market.
Certainty with respect to tax outcome of the A low GII value indicates low inequality
tax payer’s international transactions, by between women and men, and vice-versa.
agreeing in advance the arm’s length pricing GII values are computed using the
or pricing methodology (ies) to be applied to association-sensitive inequality
the tax payer’s international transactions measure suggested by Seth (2009),
covered by the APA; which implies that the index is
Removal of an audit threat (minimize based on the general mean of general
rigours of audit), and deliverance of a means of different orders—the first
particular tax outcome based on the terms aggregation is by a geometric mean
RE
of the agreement; across dimensions; these means,
Substantial reduction of compliance costs
calculated separately for women and
over the term of the APA; and
men, are then aggregated using a
harmonic mean across genders.
For tax authorities, an APA reduces cost
of administration and also frees scarce Topic: International Report and
resources. Consequently, APAs provide a Indices
win-win situation for all the stakeholders Sub- topic: Gender Inequality
involved.
O
Index
There are no monetary limits or other
prescribed criteria for a tax payer to be 8. Correct Option: (c)
eligible for applying for an APA.
SC
Under the provisions of the Act and the
Explanation:
scheme, the APA can determine the Arm’s Statement 1 is incorrect: In the case of
length price by application of any of the Demand Pull Inflation the overall output in
prescribed methods or any other method the economy does not fall.
with such adjustments or variation as may
Inflation
be necessary or expedient to do.
The most important difference between the
Any tax payer who has undertaken an
Demand Pull and Cost Push Inflation is that
GS
international transaction or is contemplating

while in the case of Demand Pull Inflation
to undertake an international transaction is
the overall output in the economy does not
eligible to file for an APA.
fall.
The APA process is legally binding on both
Whereas, in case of Cost Push Inflation,
the parties for a period of five consecutive
along with an increase in prices the output
years or less as agreed between the tax
level of the economy also falls.
payer and the CBDT. The regular transfer
pricing audit is carried on a year on year The fall in output will cause employment
basis. APA provides certainty and reduces to fall in the economy along with fall in
litigation. growth.
Topic: Pricing Mechanism The falling growth along with rising prices
makes cost push inflation more dangerous
Sub-Topic: Advance Pricing Agreement than the demand-pull inflation.
The situation of rising prices along with
7. Correct Option: (b) falling growth and employment is called as
stagflation.
Explanation:
Deflation: Deflation is when the overall
Statement 1 is incorrect: The Gender price level in the economy falls for a period
Inequality Index uses three dimensions- of time.
reproductive health, Empowerment and the
5
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
Disinflation: Disinflation is a situation Sub-Topic: NBFCs
in which the rate of inflation falls over a
period of time. Remember the difference;
disinflation is when the inflation rate is 10. Correct Option: (c)
falling from say 5% to 3%. Explanation:
The headline inflation measure demonstrates Both statements are correct.
overall inflation in the economy.
Gini Coefficient
Conversely, the core inflation measures
exclude the prices of highly volatile food and The Gini Coefficient, which is derived from
fuel components from the inflation index. the Lorenz Curve, can be used as an indicator
of economic development in a country.
Topic: Inflation
The Gini Coefficient measures the degree of
Sub-Topic: Types of Inflation income equality in a population.
The Gini Coefficient can vary from 0 (perfect
9. Correct Option: (c) equality) to 1 (perfect inequality).
Explanation: A Gini Coefficient of zero means that

everyone has the same income, while a
Statement 2 is incorrect: NBFCs do not Coefficient of 1 represents a single individual
RE
form part of the payment and settlement receiving all the income.
system and cannot issue cheques drawn on
itself; Lorenz Curve
The Lorenz curve is represented by a straight
NBFCs
diagonal line, which represents perfect
NBFC is a company registered under the equality in income or wealth distribution;
Companies Act, 1956. the Lorenz curve lies beneath it, showing
estimated distribution. The area that is
O
It is engaged in the business of loans and
advances, acquisition of shares/stocks/ between the straight line and the curved
bonds/debentures/securities issued by line is the Gini coefficient.
Government or local authority or other The Gini Coefficient itself is expressed as a
marketable securities of a like nature, representation of the scalar measurement
SC
leasing, hire-purchase, insurance business, of inequality.
chit business.
In the Lorenz Curve, the Gini Coefficient is
But, it does not include any institution whose expressed as the ratio of the area under the
principal business is that of agriculture straight line
activity, industrial activity, purchase or
The Lorenz curve is used to represent
sale of any goods (other than securities) or
economic inequality as well as unequal
providing any services and sale/purchase/
wealth distribution. The farther away the
GS
construction of immovable property.

curved line is way from the straight diagonal
A non-banking institution which is a line, the higher the level of inequality.
company and has principal business of
receiving deposits under any scheme Topic: Various income measuring
or arrangement in one lump sum or in instruments
installments by way of contributions or in Sub-Topic: Gini coefficient and Lorenz
any other manner, is also a non-banking curve
financial company (Residuary non-banking
company).
11. Correct Option: (c)
Features of NBFCs:
NBFC cannot accept demand deposits. Explanation:
NBFCs do not form part of the payment and Statement 2 is incorrect: Poverty
settlement system and cannot issue cheques line estimation in India is based on the
drawn on itself. consumption expenditure and not on the
income levels
Deposit insurance facility of Deposit
Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation Poverty estimation
is not available to depositors of NBFCs. A common method used to estimate
Topic: Types of Financial institutions poverty in India is based on the income or
consumption levels and if the income or
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 6
consumption falls below a given minimum Agricultural labourers in India rarely have
level, then the household is said to be Below work throughout the year.
the Poverty Line (BPL).
Structural Unemployment:
Poverty Line Calculation: Poverty estimation
It is a category of unemployment arising
in India is now carried out by NITI Aayog’s
from the mismatch between the jobs
task force through the calculation of
available in the market and the skills of the
poverty line based on the data captured by
available workers in the market.
the National Sample Survey Office under
the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Many people in India do not get job due
Implementation (MOSPI). to lack of requisite skills and due to poor
education level, it becomes difficult to train
Data Collection Methods them.
Uniform Resource Period (URP): Up until
Cyclical Unemployment:
1993-94, the poverty line was based on URP
data, which involved asking people about It is result of the business cycle, where
their consumption expenditure across a unemployment rises during recessions and
30-day recall period that is the information declines with economic growth.
was based on the recall of consumption Cyclical unemployment figures in India are
expenditure in the previous 30 days. negligible. It is a phenomenon that is mostly
RE
Mixed Reference Period (MRP): From 1999- found in capitalist economies.
2000 onwards, the NSSO switched to an MRP
Frictional Unemployment:
method which measures consumption of five
low-frequency items (clothing, footwear, The Frictional Unemployment also called as
durables, education and institutional health Search Unemployment, refers to the time
expenditure) over the previous year, and all lag between the jobs when an individual
other items over the previous 30 days. is searching for a new job or is switching
between the jobs.

O
That is to say, for the five items, survey
respondents are asked about consumption In other words, an employee requires time
in the previous one year. For the remaining for searching a new job or shifting from the
items, they are asked about consumption in existing to a new job, this inevitable time
the previous 30 days delay causes the frictional unemployment.
SC
It is often considered as a voluntary
Topic: Poverty Estimation unemployment because it is not caused
Sub-Topic: Methods of Poverty due to the shortage of job, but in fact, the
estimation workers themselves quit their jobs in search
of better opportunities.
Unemployment trap is a situation when
12. Correct Option: (b) unemployment benefits discourage the
GS
Explanation: unemployed to go to work. People find the

opportunity cost of going to work too high
Statement 1 is incorrect: The Frictional when one can simply enjoy the benefits by
Unemployment also called as Search doing nothing.
Unemployment, refers to the time lag
between the jobs when an individual is Camouflaged Unemployment
searching for a new job or is switching It is what is going on in which a bigger
between the jobs. number of individuals are taking care of
Types of Unemployment in India business than as a matter of fact required.
Regardless of whether some are removed,
Disguised Unemployment: creation doesn’t endure.
It is a phenomenon wherein more people Packing in farming because of the quick
are employed than actually needed. development of the populace and the
It is primarily traced in the agricultural and absence of elective open positions might
the unorganised sectors of India. be referred to as the primary explanations
behind camouflaged joblessness in India.

It is a peculiarity wherein a greater number
Seasonal Unemployment: of individuals are utilized than really
It is an unemployment that occurs during required. It is essentially followed in the
certain seasons of the year. rural and the sloppy areas of India.
7
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
Topic: Unemployment in India Article 279A - GST Council to be formed by
the President to administer & govern GST.
Sub-Topic: Types of Unemployment in It’s Chairman is Union Finance Minister of
India India with ministers nominated by the state
governments as its members.
13. Correct Option: (c) The council is devised in such a way that
the centre will have 1/3rd voting power and
Explanation:
the states have 2/3rd.
Both statements are correct
The decisions are taken by 3/4th majority.
Budgeting
Topic: GST
The Budget is a surplus budget when the
estimated revenues of the year are greater Sub-Topic: GST council structure
than anticipated expenditures.
The Surplus budget shows the financial 15. Correct Option: (b)
soundness of the government.
Explanation:
When there is too much inflation, the
government can adopt the policy of surplus
Statement 1 is incorrect: Any AIIB
member can submit a proposal for funding.
budget as it will reduce aggregate demand.
RE
AIIB can lend to members beyond Asia if
Zero based budgeting is a method of the project delivers a clear benefit to the
budgeting in which all expenses are region.
evaluated each time a budget is made and
expenses must be justified for each new AIIB
period. The Asian Infrastructure Investment
Bank (AIIB) is a multilateral development
Topic: Budget Making
bank with a mission to improve social and
O
Sub-Topic: Budgeting economic outcomes in Asia.
It is established by the AIIB Articles of
14. Correct Option: (c) Agreement (entered into force Dec. 25,
2015) which is a multilateral treaty. The
SC
Explanation: Parties (57 founding members) to agreement
Statement 2 is incorrect: Union Finance comprise the Membership of the Bank.
Minister of India is the Chairman of GST It is headquartered in Beijing and began its
Council operations in January 2016.
GST The members to Bank have now grown to
97 approved members worldwide. There are
Applicable On supply side: GST is
27 prospective members including Armenia,
applicable on ‘supply’ of goods or services as
GS
Lebanon, Brazil, South Africa, Greece, etc.

against the old concept on the manufacture
of goods or on sale of goods or on provision Fourteen of the G-20 nations are AIIB
of services. members including France, Germany, Italy
and the United Kingdom.
Destination based Taxation: GST is
based on the principle of destination-based By investing in sustainable infrastructure
consumption taxation as against the present and other productive sectors in Asia and
principle of origin-based taxation. beyond, it will better connect people, services
and markets that over time will impact the
Dual GST: It is a dual GST with the Centre lives of billions and build a better future.
and the States simultaneously levying tax
on a common base. GST to be levied by the The Board of Governors consists of one
Centre is called Central GST (CGST) and Governor and one Alternate Governor
that to be levied by the States is called State appointed by each member country.
GST (SGST). Governors and Alternate Governors serve
Import of goods or services would be treated at the pleasure of the appointing member.
as inter-state supplies and would be subject All the powers of the AIIB are vested in the
to Integrated Goods & Services Tax (IGST) Board of Governors.
in addition to the applicable customs The bank currently has 97 members.
duties.
Topic: International Organisations
GST Council
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 8
Sub-Topic: AIIB Explanation:
All statements are correct
16. Correct Option: (c) Middle income trap
Explanation: The term middle-income trap (MIT) usually
Both statements are correct refers to countries that have experienced
rapid growth and thus quickly reached
Current and capital account middle-income status (with Gross National
convertibility Product per capita between $1,000 &
Current Account Convertibility allows free $12,000),but then failed to overcome that
inflows and outflows of foreign currency income range to further catch up to the
for all purpose including resident Indians developed countries and achieve high-
buying foreign goods and services (imports), income status.
Indians selling foreign goods and services MIT is a relatively new phenomenon and
(exports), Indians receiving and sending was first mentioned in 2007 in the World
remittances, accessing foreign currency Bank report.
for travel, study abroad, medical tourism
Why Do Countries Fall into the Middle
purpose etc.
Income Trap?
On the other hand, Capital Account
RE
Inability to shift growth strategies: If a
Convertibility is widely regarded as the
country cannot make a timely transition
hallmark of developed countries. It is also
from resource-driven growth, with low-cost
seen as the major comfort factor for foreign
labour and capital, to productivity-driven
investors since it allows them to reconvert
growth, it might find itself trapped in the
local currency back into their own currency
middle income zone.
and move out from India.
Skewed income distribution & stagnation in
Following steps have been taken in the

O
direction of capital account convertibility.
middle class population: Wealth inequality
and the hierarchical distribution of income
Indian corporate is allowed full convertibility in developing countries is a downward
in the automatic route up to $ 500 million drag on domestic demand, which results
overseas ventures (investment by Ltd. in stagnation. It slows down the upward
SC
companies in foreign countries allowed). mobility of families that are at lower
Indian corporate is allowed to prepay their levels, into middle class that is prepared
external commercial borrowings (ECBs) via to pay more for quality and differentiated
automatic route if the loan is above $ 500 products.
million. Recurring boom-bust cycles & pro cyclical
Individuals are allowed to invest in foreign lending: Many middle-income countries in
assets, shares, etc., up to the level of $ 2, Latin America have been through cycles
GS
50,000 per annum. of growth based on credit extended during

commodity booms, followed by crisis, and
Unlimited amount of gold is allowed to then recovery. This stop–go cycle has
be imported (this is equal to allowing full prevented them from becoming advanced
convertibility in the capital account via economies despite enjoying many periods of
current account route, but not feasible for fast growth. This is in sharp contrast with
everybody) which is not allowed now. successful countries in East Asia—Japan,
The degree of BOP convertibility of a country Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, and South
usually depends on the level of its economic Korea that have been able to sustain high
development and degree of maturity of its growth over some 50 years
financial markets. Therefore, advanced
Topic: Middle Income Trap
economies (AEs) are almost fully convertible
while emerging market economies (EMEs) Sub-Topic: Reasons for falling into Middle
are convertible to different degrees. Income
Topic: Balance of Payments
Sub-Topic: Current and Capital account 18. Correct Option: (c)
convertibility Explanation:
Both statements are correct
17. Correct Option: (d)
International Fund for Agricultural
9
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
Development: Foreign Institutional Investors
The International Fund for Agricultural Also known as FIIs, Foreign Institutional
Development (IFAD), a specialized agency Investors, FIIs can be individual investors,
of the United Nations, was one of the investment funds or assets which are
major outcomes of the 1974 World Food invested in a foreign country, outside of the
Conference. territory in which the investing company is
The conference was organized by the registered or headquartered. FIIs typically
United Nations in response to the food belong to varying financial and non-
crises of the early 1970s, when global food financial sectors, including banks, mutual
shortages were causing widespread famine fund houses, infrastructure companies, etc.
and malnutrition, primarily in the Sahelian A crucial point of difference between FDI and
countries of Africa. FII revolves around the types of transactions
World leaders realized that food insecurity permitted. FII typically involves the transfer
and famine were not so much failures in food of funds alone. On the other hand, FDI
production but structural problems relating investments do more than just transferring
to poverty. This was compounded by the fact money. When an FDI investment occurs,
that the majority of the developing world’s the offshore company investing in another
poor people lived in rural areas. country (for instance, the USA investing in
India), moves its resources, technologies,
RE
Its projects and programmes are carried technical know-how, skills and strategies,
out in remote and environmentally fragile among other things.
locations, including least developed countries
and Small Island developing States. FDIs typically target specific companies
and also obtain the investee company’s
The IFAD assists vulnerable groups such as management control. In the case of FIIs,
smallholder farmers, pastoralists, foresters, there is no particular target, nor does the
fishers and small-scale entrepreneurs company exert any control.
O
in rural areas by providing, among
others, access to weather information, One of the most profound consequences
disaster preparedness, social learning and of FDI on a country’s economy is that it
technology transfer that enables farmers to increases employment opportunities and
feed growing populations and increase the the GDP of the investee company. It also
SC
climate resilience of rural farming systems. promotes infrastructural development in
the foreign country in which the investment
Three years after the Rome conference, is made, thereby improving its purchasing
IFAD was set up as an international power. As such, FDI promotes economic
financial institution in 1977. growth. If we compare FII and FDI
It funds and sponsors initiatives that differences, the same cannot be said about
improve land and water management. FIIs, as FII only increases the country’s
capital.
It brings out the Rural Development Report
GS

every year. Topic: FDI and FII
Topic: International Organisations Sub-Topic: FDI and FII
Sub-Topic: International Fund for
Agricultural Development 20. Correct Option: (d)
Explanation:
19. Correct Option: (b)
Option (d) is correct
Explanation:
Priority sector lending:
Option (b) is correct
Priority sector means those sectors which are
FDI and FII considered as important for the development
of the basic needs of the country and are to
Foreign Direct Investments be given priority over other sectors.
Foreign Direct Investments, abbreviated as It should constitute 40% of the adjusted net
FDIs are those investments which are made bank credit.
by an establishment or company situated
offshore. Through FDI, the investing It includes following categories:
company may establish its business Agriculture
operations in a foreign land or even make
Renewable energy
an international acquisition.
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 10
MSMEs principal and not to interest payment
Education loan Statement 3 is incorrect: IIBs provide
inflation protection to both principal and
Housing
interest payments
Social infrastructure
Inflation indexed bonds
Loans to minorities
Inflation Indexed Bond (IIB) is a bond
Overdraft up to Rupees 5000 under issued by the Sovereign, which provides
Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana the investor a constant return irrespective
Start- up companies of the level of inflation in the economy. The
Recently, the Reserve Bank has expanded main objective of Inflation Indexed Bonds
the scope of priority sector lending to is to provide a hedge and to safeguard the
include start-ups funding up to Rs 50 crore, investor against macroeconomic risks in an
and loans to farmers for installation of solar economy.
plants and compressed biogas plants. Inflation indexed bonds are linked to
consumer price index (CPI).
Weaker Sections
A predecessor of Inflation Indexed Bonds
Priority sector loans to the following
(IIBs) was Capital Indexed Bonds (CIBs)
borrowers will be considered as lending
issued during 1997. However, the CIBs
RE
under Weaker Sections category:
issued in 1997 provided inflation protection
(i) Small and Marginal Farmers only to principal and not to interest
(ii) Artisans, village and cottage payment.
industries where individual credit IIBs provide inflation protection to both
limits do not exceed `1 lakh principal and interest payments.
(iii) Beneficiaries under Government Topic: Index Bonds
Livelihood Mission (NRLM), National

O
Sponsored Schemes such as National Rural
Sub-Topic: Inflation Index Bonds
Urban Livelihood Mission (NULM) and Self
Employment Scheme for Rehabilitation of
Manual Scavengers (SRMS)
SC
(iv) Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Explanation:
Tribes Option (b) is correct
(v) Beneficiaries of Differential Rate of Demand-pull inflation
Interest (DRI) scheme
When the aggregate demand in an economy
(vi) Self Help Groups strongly outweighs the aggregate supply,
(vii) Distressed farmers indebted to non- prices go up. Economists describe demand-
institutional lenders pull inflation as a result of too many dollars
GS
(viii) Distressed persons other than chasing too few goods.

farmers, with loan amount not exceeding If a government reduces taxes, households
`1 lakh per borrower to prepay their debt to are left with more disposable income in their
non-institutional lenders pockets. This, in turn, leads to increased
(ix) Individual women beneficiaries up to consumer spending, thus increasing
`1 lakh per borrower (For UCBs, existing aggregate demand and eventually causing
loans to women will continue to be classified demand-pull inflation.
under weaker sections till their maturity/ Cost-push inflation is when prices go up.
repayment.)
Topic: Inflation
(x) Persons with disabilities
Sub-Topic: Demand-pull Inflation
Topic: Lending Instruments
Sub-topic: Priority Sector Lending 23. Correct Option: (c)
Explanation:
21. Correct Option: (a)
Statement 1 is incorrect: Banks
Explanation: can borrow funds against government
Statement 2 is incorrect: CIBs issued securities.
in 1997 provided inflation protection only to Statement 2 is incorrect: The banks can
11
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
borrow up to 3% of their net demand and Chemicals.
time liabilities.
National Pharmaceutical Pricing
Statement 3 is incorrect: loan is Authority
provided with higher interest rate over the
It is an independent body of experts under
repo rate.
the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers,
Marginal Standing Facility formed in the year 1997 so as to implement
The RBI, as a temporary measure, had and enforce the provisions of the Drugs
increased the borrowing limit of scheduled Prices Control Order (DPCO) for regulating
banks under the marginal standing facility medicine prices in accordance with the
(MSF) scheme from 2 per cent to 3 per cent powers delegated to it.
of their Net Demand and Time Liabilities NPPA is delegated with the powers to exercise
(NDTL) or deposits from March 27, 2020. the functions of the Central Government in
respect of various paragraphs of the Drug
Marginal Standing Facility (MSF)
Price Control Orders (DPCO) - DPCO, 1995
Marginal Standing Facility is an overnight and now DPCO, 2013.
liquidity support provided by RBI to
The functions of NPPA include fixation and
commercial banks with a higher interest
revision of prices of scheduled drugs (those
rate over the repo rate.
medicines included in Schedule I of the
RE
MSF can be used by a bank after it exhausts DPCO which are subject to price control)
its eligible security holdings for borrowing and formulations, Monitoring of prices
under other options like the LAF repo. of decontrolled drugs and formulations,
Usually, when banks need short term loans Implementation and enforcement of the
from the RBI, they pledge their security provisions of DPCO in accordance with
holdings that are above the SLR holdings the powers delegated, Monitoring the
with the RBI to get one day loans under availability of drugs, identify shortages,
O
repo. taking remedial steps, etc.
Under MSF, a bank can borrow one-day The organization is also entrusted with the
loans form the RBI, even if it doesn’t have task of recovering amounts overcharged by
any eligible securities excess of its SLR manufacturers for the controlled drugs from
the consumers.
SC
requirement (maintains only the SLR).
The MSF was introduced by the RBI in its All the powers of Government of pricing
monetary policy for 2011-12. according to Essential Commodities Act
have been delegated to it. Under DPCO,
Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) 2013 the powers to Review are vested with
It is a monetary policy instrument of the the Government.
RBI. Topic: National Bodies
Under SLR, commercial banks have to keep
GS

a certain proportion of the Net Demand and
Sub-Topic: National Pharmaceutical
Time Liabilities (NDTL) as liquid assets in
Pricing Authority
their own vault.
Liquid asset includes assets in the form 25. Correct Option: (c)
of cash, gold and approved securities
Explanation:
(government securities).
Statement 2 is incorrect: Normal
Topic: Monetary Policy WMA is made without any government
Sub-Topic: MSF, SLR securities.
Ways and Means Advances (WMA)
24. Correct Option: (c) RBI provides Ways and Means Advances
(WMA) to the States banking with it to help
Explanation:
them to tide over temporary mismatches in
Statement 1 is incorrect: It is a non- the cash flow of their receipts and payments.
statutory body, constituted vide government Such advances repayable in each case not
resolution. later than three months from the date of
Statement 2 is incorrect: It is an attached making that advance.
office to Department of Pharmaceuticals, There are two types of WMA – normal
under Ministry of Fertilizers and and special. While normal WMA are
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 12
clean advances, special WMA are secured assist them in their efforts to integrate into
advances provided against the pledge of the world economy on an equitable basis”.
Government of India dated securities. UNCTAD was established by the United
RBI has determined limits for normal and Nations General Assembly in 1964 and
special WMA for each State as multiples of it reports to the UN General Assembly
the prescribed minimum balance required to and United Nations Economic and Social
be maintained with the RBI by that State. Council.
These limits have been revised periodically. The primary objective of UNCTAD is to
Topic: RBI and its tools formulate policies relating to all aspects of
development including trade, aid, transport,
Sub-Topic: Ways and Means Advances finance and technology. The conference
ordinarily meets once in four years; the
26. Correct Option: (b) permanent secretariat is in Geneva.
UNCTAD is part of the UN Secretariat. We
Explanation: report to the UN General Assembly and the
Statement 2 is incorrect: It allows the Economic and Social Council but have our
foreign companies to issue shares. own membership, leadership, and budget.
We are also part of the United Nations
Indian Depository Receipts Development Group.
RE
As per the definition given in the Companies
Topic: International Organisations
(Issue of Indian Depository Receipts) Rules,
2004, IDR is an instrument in the form of Sub-Topic: UNCTAD
a depository receipt created by the Indian
depository in India against the underlying
equity shares of the issuing company. 28. Correct Option: (d)
In an IDR, foreign companies would issue Explanation:

O
shares, to an Indian depository (say the
Statement 1 is incorrect: when a
National Security Depository Limited –
company publically sells new stocks and
NSDL), which would in turn issue depository
bonds for the first time, it does so in the
receipts to investors in India. The actual
primary capital market.
SC
shares underlying IDRs would be held by an
Overseas Custodian, which shall authorise Statement 2 is incorrect: FIIs could
the Indian depository to issue of IDRs. invest in the securities in the primary and
secondary markets on a recognized stock
An IDR is a mechanism that allows investors
exchange in India.
in India to invest in listed foreign companies,
including multinational companies, in Initial Public Offering
Indian rupees.
An initial public offering (IPO) refers to
GS
Topic: Exchange markets the process of offering shares of a private

corporation to the public in a new stock
Sub-Topic: Indian Depository Receipts issuance.
Companies must meet requirements by
27. Correct Option: (d) exchanges and the Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC) to hold an initial public
Explanation: offering (IPO).
Option (d) is correct IPOs provide companies with an opportunity
UNCTAD to obtain capital by offering shares through
the primary market.
The United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development (UNCTAD) was established Companies hire investment banks to
in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental market, gauge demand, and set the IPO
body. price and date, and more.
UNCTAD is the part of the United Nations An IPO can be seen as an exit strategy for
Secretariat dealing with trade, investment, the company’s founders and early investors,
and development issues. realizing the full profit from their private
investment.
The organization’s goals are to: “maximize
the trade, investment and development Topic: Stock Exchange and instruments
opportunities of developing countries and of investment
13
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
Sub-Topic: Initial Public Offering Nidhi Company
A nidhi company is a type of company in
29. Correct Option: (b) the Indian non-banking finance sector,
recognized under section 406 of the
Explanation: Companies Act, 2013.
Option (b) is correct Their core business is borrowing and lending
money between their members. They are
Escrow Account:
also known as Permanent Fund, Benefit
In escrow account is an account where funds Funds, Mutual Benefit Funds and Mutual
are held in trust whilst two or more parties Benefit Company.
complete a transaction. This means a trusted
They are regulated by Ministry of Corporate
third party such as Escrow.com will secure
Affairs, which is also empowered to issue
the funds in a trust account. The funds will
directions to them in matters relating to
be disbursed to the merchant after they
their deposit acceptance activities.
have fulfilled the escrow agreement. If the
merchant fails to deliver their obligation, Nidhi means a company which has been
then the funds are returned to the buyer. incorporated with the object of developing
the habit of thrift and reserve funds amongst
How does Escrow Work? its members and also receiving deposits and
RE
Escrow.com reduces the risk of fraud by lending to its members only for their mutual
acting as a trusted third-party that collects, benefit.
holds and only disburses funds when both Nidhi companies existed even prior to the
Buyers and Sellers are satisfied. existence of companies Act 2013. The basic
Buyer and Seller agree to terms - Either the concept of nidhi is “Principle of Mutuality”
Buyer or Seller begins a transaction. After These companies are more popular in South
registering at Escrow.com, all parties agree India, and 80% of Nidhi companies are
O
to the terms of the transaction. located in Tamil Nadu.
Buyer pays Escrow.com - The Buyer submits Sabanayagam Committee is associated with
a payment by approved payment method Nidhi Companies.
to our secure Escrow Account, Escrow.com
Topic: Companies and its types
SC
verifies the payment, the Seller is notified
that funds have been secured ‘In Escrow’. Sub-Topic: NIDHI Company
Seller ships merchandise to Buyer - Upon
payment verification, the Seller is authorised
to send the merchandise and submit 31. Correct Option: (c)
tracking information. Escrow.com verifies Explanation:
that the Buyer receives the merchandise.
Statement 1 is incorrect: TReDS is an
Buyer accepts merchandise - The Buyer
GS
initiative of RBI.
has a set number of days to inspect the
merchandise and the option to accept or reject Statement 2 is incorrect: It deals with
it. The Buyer accepts the merchandise both invoices and bill of exchange.
Escrow.com pays the Seller - Escrow.com Statement 4 is incorrect: Corporates,
releases funds to the Seller from the Escrow Government Departments, PSUs and any
Account. other entity can participate as buyers in
TReDS.
Topic: Money Transactions
Trade Receivable Discounting System or
Sub-topic: Escrow Account TReDS
TReDS is an electronic platform for
30. Correct Option: (c) facilitating the financing / discounting
of trade receivables of Micro, Small and
Explanation: Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) through
Statement 3 is incorrect: Since, they multiple financiers. These receivables can
deal with their shareholders member only, be due from corporates and other buyers,
RBI has exempted them from core provision including Government Departments and
of RBI act. Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs).
Statement 4 is incorrect: FDI is not Sellers, buyers and financiers are the
permitted. participants on a TReDS platform.
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 14
Only MSMEs can participate as sellers in Appreciation of the Rupees
TReDS. Exporters in India would stand to lose as
Corporates, Government Departments, they would receive less in Rupee terms for
PSUs and any other entity can participate the same amount of exports in case of Rupee
as buyers in TReDS. appreciation.
Banks, NBFC - Factors and other financial Importers in India would stand to gain as
institutions as permitted by the Reserve they would receive more in Rupee terms for
Bank of India (RBI), can participate as the same amount of exports in case of Rupee
financiers in TReDS. appreciation.
Topic: Initiative related to MSME The entities in India borrowing under ECB
route would have their borrowing cost
Sub-Topic: TReDS platform reduced as they would have to pay less in
Rupee terms.
32. Correct Option: (a) Exporters to India would gain in case of
appreciation of rupees. Exporters would
Explanation: receive more in terms of foreign currency.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Non-Bank Oil marketing companies and private
Financial Corporations (NBFCs) are outside corporate sector.
RE
the purview of this reserve requirement.
Topic: Currency valuation
Statement 4 is incorrect: Banks are not
paid any interest on CRR. Sub-Topic: Appreciation of Rupee
Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)
Cash Reserve Ratio refers to the fraction of 34. Correct Option: (a)
the total Net Demand and Time Liabilities Explanation:
O
(NDTL) of a Scheduled Commercial Bank
held in India, that it has to maintain as Option (a) is correct
cash deposit with the Reserve Bank of India Direct Tax Code
(RBI).
The DTC will replace the Income-tax Act,
SC
The requirement applies uniformly to all 1961, and other direct tax legislation like
banks in the country irrespective of an the Wealth Tax Act, 1957.
individual bank’s financial situation or size.
In contrast, certain countries e.g. China In 2017, the government set up an expert
stipulates separate reserve requirements committee to draft a new Direct Taxes Code.
for ‘large’ and ‘small’ banks. The report of the task force on DTC was
submitted to Finance on August 19, 2019. It
As per the RBI Act 1934, all Scheduled is yet to be made public.
Commercial Banks (that includes public
GS
and private sector banks, foreign banks, The objectives of the Direct Tax Code are to
regional rural banks and co-operative banks) simplify and consolidate all direct tax laws
are required to maintain a cash balance on i.e. income-tax, dividend distribution tax,
average with the RBI on a fortnightly basis fringe benefits tax and wealth-tax of the
to cater to the CRR requirement. central government, to make the tax system
more effective and efficient.
Presently, banks are not paid any interest
on behalf of the RBI for parking the required Akhilesh Ranjan, a CBDT member, is the
cash. head of the task force. The other members
of the task force are Girish Ahuja (chartered
If a bank fails to meet its required reserve accountant), Rajiv Memani (chairman and
requirements, the RBI is empowered to regional managing partner of EY India),
impose a penalty by charging a penal Mukesh Patel (Practising Tax Advocate),
interest rate. Mansi Kedia (Consultant, ICRIER) and G C
Topic: Bank Instruments Srivastava (retired IRS and Advocate).
Sub-Topic: Cash Reserve Ratio Topic: Tax Structure

Sub-topic: Direct Tax Code
Explanation: 35. Correct Option: (a)
Option (d) is correct Explanation:
15
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
Option (a) is correct. Statistical Office (NSO) consists of the
In April, 2020, as a part of the National Policy Central Statistical Office (CSO), the
on Electronics, the Ministry of Electronics Computer Center and the National Sample
and Information Technology’s (MeitY) Survey Office (NSSO). CSO coordinates
notified production linked incentive (PLI) the statistical activities in the country and
scheme to boost domestic manufacturing and also evolves statistical standards. NSSO
attract large investments in mobile phone is responsible for conduct of large scale
manufacturing and specified electronic sample surveys in diverse fields on an all
components, including Assembly, Testing, India basis.
Marking and Packaging (ATMP) units. The government has decided to merge the
The scheme shall extend an incentive of 4% National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) with
to 6% on incremental sales (over base year) the Central Statistics Office (CSO) under
of goods manufactured in India for a period the Ministry of Statistics and Programme
of five years subsequent to the base year as Implementation (MoSPI). The 2019 order
defined. has cleared the formation of an overarching
body - National Statistical Office (NSO)
All electronic manufacturing companies through the merger of the NSSO and the
which are either Indian or have a registered CSO.
unit in India will be eligible to apply for the
scheme. Topic: National Income Accounting
RE
The scheme, is expected on one hand to Sub-topic: Various organizations dealing
attract big foreign investment in the sector, with National Income Accounting
while also to encourage domestic mobile
phone makers to expand their units and
presence in India. 37. Correct Option: (a)
Topic: Government Interventions Explanation:
O
Sub-Topic: Production Linked Incentive Statement 3 is incorrect: Crowding out
effect is an effect of public borrowing on
Scheme
private expenditure.
Effects of inflation:
SC
Inflation is considered stand still at a year
Explanation: of past in the case of the constant price
All statements are correct while in the current price the present day
inflation is added. The year of the past is
Activities of CSO include compilation of
also known as the ‘Base year’. The base year
National Accounts; conduct of Annual
in India is 2011–12 since January. So the
Survey of Industries and Economic
difference between the two prices is only
Censuses, compilation of Index of
because of inflation.
GS
Industrial Production, as well as Consumer

Price Indices. It also deals with various Basic economics: A higher inflation result
social statistics, training, international in weakening of purchasing power so the
cooperation, Industrial Classification etc. Govt. and the Central bank tightens the
credit policy to decrease the money supply
The Government of India through a
in the economy. This decreases demand
resolution dated 1st June, 2005 set up the
in the economy which further lowers the
National Statistical Commission (NSC). The
investment.
setting up of the NSC followed the decision of
the Cabinet to accept the recommendations Crowding out effect is an effect of public
of the Rangarajan Commission, which borrowing on private expenditure.
reviewed the Indian Statistical System in Topic: Inflation
2001.
Sub-Topic: Effects of Inflation
National Statistic Commission (setup
in 2005) has a part-time Chairperson,
four part-time Members and an ex-officio 38. Correct Option: (c)
Member. The Chief Statistician of India, the
post created specifically as the Head of the Explanation:
National Statistical Office is the Secretary Both statements are incorrect
of the Commission.
Fiscal Consolidation in India
The Statistics Wing called the National
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 16
Due to the global financial crisis (and Competition Commission of India (CCI)
impending weak demand), the fiscal The Competition Commission of India (CCI)
objectives of both centre and states were was established under the Competition Act,
suspended and the fiscal consolidation as 2002 for the administration, implementation
mandated in the FRBM Act was put on hold and enforcement of the Act, and was
in 2007-08. duly constituted in March 2009. The Act
The crisis period called for increase in prohibits anti-competitive agreements,
expenditure by the government to boost abuse of dominant position by enterprises
demand in the economy. and regulates combinations (acquisition,
As a result of fiscal stimulus, the government acquiring of control and M&A), which
has moved away from the path of fiscal causes or likely to cause an appreciable
consolidation. adverse effect on competition within India.
The following are the objectives of the
However, it should be noted that strict Commission.
adherence to the path of fiscal consolidation
during pre-crisis period created enough Recently, India’s telecom regulator, Telecom
fiscal space for pursuing counter cyclical Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI),
fiscal policy. and CCI were locked in a showdown in
the Supreme Court last year, with both
Fiscal Responsibility and Budget laying claims to jurisdictional rights on
RE
Management (FRBM) became an Act in 2003. anticompetitive issues in telecom. The TRAI
The objective of the Act is to ensure inter- filed an application of intervention before
generational equity in fiscal management, the apex court, saying it has “exclusive
long run macroeconomic stability, better jurisdiction” on the sector, a claim contested
coordination between fiscal and monetary by CCI. The fair trade regulator argued that
policy, and transparency in fiscal operation it was well within its powers to investigate
of the Government. anti-competitive behaviour or abuse of

O
It requires for the presentation of the
following documents before the Parliament -
dominance.
Before CCI, MRTP Commission used to
the Medium Term Expenditure Framework regulate mergers and acquisitions under
Statement (MTEF), Medium-Term Fiscal MRTP Act.
Policy Statement, Fiscal Policy Strategy
SC
Statement and Macroeconomic Framework The CCI characterizes the ‘green channel’
Statement. as an automatic system of approval for
Combinations wherein the Combination
The introduction of Outcome Budget is an is deemed to be approved upon filing the
executive action by the government. From notice in the format prescribed.
the year 2017-18 onwards, it has been
decided that the output and outcomes of the The government has exempted firms with
schemes of 68 Ministries and Departments assets less than Rs 350 crore or revenue of
Rs1,000 crore in India going for merger and
GS
will be available along with the financial

outlays as a part of the Budget documents, acquisition transactions from seeking prior
so that clearly defined objectives and goals approval of the Commission. The reform is
for each scheme can be seen by all. in pursuance of the government’s objective
of promoting Ease of Doing Business in
Topic: Fiscal Policy of India the country and is expected to make India
a more attractive destination for foreign
Sub-Topic: Fiscal Consolidation in India
direct investment.
Topic: Government Bodies
Sub-Topic: Competition Commission of
Explanation: India
Statement 2 is incorrect: Before CCI,
MRTP Commission used to regulate mergers
and acquisitions under MRTP Act. 40. Correct Option: (d)
Statement 4 is incorrect: The Explanation:
government has exempted firms with All pairs are correctly matched
assets less than Rs 350 crore or revenue of
Rs1,000 crore in India going for merger and Various Committees
acquisition transactions from seeking prior Tarapore Committee - In 1997, a committee
approval of the Commission. on capital account convertibility was setup
17
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) under paintings, sculpture and films, to computer
the chairmanship of former RBI deputy programs, databases, advertisements, maps
governor S.S. Tarapore to “lay the road and technical drawings.
map” to capital account convertibility. A patent is an exclusive right granted for
Rangarajan Committee was also for poverty an invention. Generally speaking, a patent
estimation. Bibek Debroy committee was provides the patent owner with the right to
for restructuring Indian Railways. decide how – or whether - the invention can
Urijit Patel Committee was appointed be used by others.
to examine the current monetary policy A trademark is a sign capable of
framework of the Reserve Bank of India. It distinguishing the goods or services of one
was headed by Urjit Patel, Deputy Governor enterprise from those of other enterprises.
of the Reserve Bank of India to strengthened Trademarks date back to ancient times
Monetary Policy Framework of RBI when artisans used to put their signature
Kelkar Committee was a committee set up or “mark” on their products.
to study and evaluate the extant public- Topic: Intellectual Property Rights
private partnership (PPP) model in India.
Sub-Topic: Types of Intellectual Property
Topic: Various Committees Rights
Sub-topic: Committees
RE
41. Correct Option: (d) Explanation:
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect: It functions
Both statements are correct. under the Ministry of Textiles.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The Chairman
World Gold Council
O
of the Council is elected by the executive
The World Gold Council was formed in committee of the Council.
1987 by some of the world’s most forward-
thinking mining companies. Apparel Export Promotion Council
Incorporated in 1978, AEPC is the official
SC
There are three core pillars to our mission in
serving the gold market and its participants. body of apparel exporters in India that
Learn more about our work in each of the provides invaluable assistance to Indian
following areas: exporters as well as importers/international
buyers who choose India as their preferred
Improving understanding sourcing destination for garments.
Improving access A quick look at how the Apparel Export
Improving trust Promotion Council (AEPC) has been the
GS
World Gold Council Members moving force behind lot of achievements:
The World Gold Council’s 32 Members It has Head Office in Gurgaon with
are some of the world’s most forward- Registered Office at Okhla and 10 offices
thinking gold mining companies. They are pan India.
headquartered across the world and have AEPC today is a powerful body for the
mining operations in over 45 countries. promotion and facilitation of garment
manufacturing and their exports.
Topic: International Bodies
For Indian exporters, AEPC is a one-
Sub-Topic: World Gold Council stop shop for information advice technical
guidance workforce and market intelligence.
42. Correct Option: (d) Members have access to updated trade
statistics potential markets information
Explanation: on international fairs and assistance in
participating at these fairs. It also plays
a large role in identifying new markets
Types of Intellectual Property Rights and leading trade delegations to various
Copyright is a legal term used to describe countries.
the rights that creators have over their The Chairman of the Council is elected by
literary and artistic works. Works covered the executive committee of the Council. The
by copyright range from books, music, executive committee includes persons from
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 18
the both the Government and the Industry. Topic: Monetary Policy
Topic: Government Bodies Sub-Topic: MCLR
Sub-Topic: Apparel Export Promotion
Council 45. Correct Option: (b)
Explanation:
Statement 2 is incorrect: Per capita
Explanation: Income serves as a measurement of the
stability and wealth within an economy.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Any loans
taken from finance companies and non- National Income Accounting
banking financial companies will not fall Per capita GDP is a measure of the total
under this system. output of a country that takes gross domestic
Marginal Cost of Funds Based Lending product (GDP) and divides it by the number
Rate (MCLR) of people in the country. The per capita
MCLR replaced the earlier base rate GDP is especially useful when comparing
system to determine the lending rates for one country to another, because it shows
commercial banks. the relative performance of the countries. A
rise in per capita GDP signals growth in the
RE
RBI implemented MCLR on 1 April 2016 to economy and tends to reflect an increase in
determine rates of interests for loans. productivity.
It is an internal reference rate for banks Per capita GDP can also be used to measure
to determine the interest they can levy on the productivity of a country’s workforce, as
loans. it measures the total output of goods and
A number of components make up marginal services per each member of the workforce
costs: in a given nation.

O
Marginal cost of funds - This comprises of Per capita Income serves as a measurement
marginal cost of borrowings and returns on of the stability and wealth within an
net worth. economy.
SC
Operating costs – These expenses which the Gross value added (GVA) is the measure of
banks incur include the cost of raising funds. the value of goods and services produced in
This does not include the costs recovered an area, industry or sector of an economy.
through service charges. GVA gives a picture of the state of economic
activity from the producers’ side or supply
Negative carry on account of Cash Repo Rate
side, the GDP gives the picture from the
(CRR) - This simply refers to the expenses
consumers’ side or demand perspective.
the banks incur in order to maintain
reserves with RBI. Topic: National Income Accounting
GS
Tenor premium - This is the higher rate of Sub-Topic: National Income Accounting
interest that the bank can charge for long- Terminologies
term loans.
Exemptions under MCLR
MCLR does not apply to fixed-rate loans.
If you have taken a car loan, home loan, Explanation:
personal loan or any other loan with a fixed Statement 1 is incorrect: EXIM Bank is
rate of interest, then the MCLR does not wholly owned by Government of India.
apply to you.
EXIM Bank
Only banks will follow the MCLR regime.
Any loans taken from finance companies Export-Import Bank of India (EXIM Bank)
and non-banking financial companies will is a specialized financial institution, wholly
not fall under this system. This includes owned by Government of India, set up
NBFCs such as India bulls, LIC Housing in 1982, for financing, facilitating and
Finance, Dewan Housing (DHFL), HDFC, promoting foreign trade of India.
et cetera. EXIM Bank extends Lines of Credit (LOCs)
Loans that fall under government schemes to overseas financial institutions, regional
are exempt from the MCLR as the rate of development banks, sovereign governments
interest will be set by the government. and other entities overseas, to enable buyers
19
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
in those countries to import developmental Revenue deficit is the excess of its total
and infrastructure projects, equipments, revenue expenditure to its total revenue
goods and services from India, on deferred receipts. Revenue Deficit is only related to
credit terms. revenue expenditure and revenue receipts
EXIM Bank has laid strong emphasis on of the government.
enhancing project exports, the funding The difference between total revenue
options for which have been enhanced with expenditure to the total revenue receipts is
introduction of the Buyer’s Credit-National Revenue Deficit.
Export Insurance Account (BC-NEIA) A revenue deficit indicates that the
program. The Bank facilitates two-way government doesn’t have sufficient revenue
technology transfer by financing import for the normal functioning of the government
of technology into India, and investment departments. In other words, when the
abroad by Indian companies for setting up government starts spending more than it
joint ventures, subsidiaries or undertaking earns it results in revenue deficit.
overseas.
Revenue deficit forces the government
Bank issued India’s first USD denominated t disinvest or cover the shortage by
Green bonds with a benchmark size of borrowing.
US$500 million.
Revenue deficit: Total revenue receipts-
Topic: Types of Banks
RE
Total revenue expenditure.
Sub-Topic: EXIM Bank Revenue deficits deals only with the
government’s revenue receipts and revenue
expenditure.
Topic: Types of Deficits
Explanation:
Sub-Topic: Revenue Deficit
Option (c) is correct: Receipts on account
O

of disinvestment of part of government
equity in central public sector enterprises, 49. Correct Option: (c)
proceeds from strategic disinvestment and
other such transactions. Explanation:
SC
Statement 1 is incorrect: Inflation is
Revenue receipts
more likely to occur because imports are
Revenue Budget – It consists of the Revenue more expensive causing cost-push inflation
Expenditure and Revenue Receipts. and with exports becoming cheaper
Revenue Receipts are receipts which do manufacturers may have less incentive to
not have a direct impact on the assets and cut costs and become more efficient.
liabilities of the government. It consists Devaluation of currency
of the money earned by the government
GS
through tax (such as excise duty, income The term devaluation is used when the
tax) and non-tax sources (such as dividend government reduces the value of a currency
income, profits, and interest receipts). under Fixed-Rate System. When the value
of the currency falls under the Floating
Revenue Expenditure is the expenditure Rate System, it is called depreciation.
by the government which does not impact
its assets or liabilities. For example, this Revaluation is a term which is used when
includes salaries, interest payments, there is a rise in currency value in relation
pension, and administrative expenses. with a foreign currency in a fixed exchange
rate. In the floating exchange rate regime,
Topic: Budget the correct term would be appreciation.
Sub-Topic: Revenue Receipts Topic: Exchange Rate Management
Sub-Topic: Devaluation
Explanation: 50. Correct Option: (b)
Statement 2 is incorrect: revenue Explanation:
receipts are receipts which neither create
liability nor lead to a reduction in assets. Statement 4 is incorrect: Bank rates
are increased to control inflation.
Revenue deficit
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 20
Measures to control inflation largest network of shared automated teller
If Reserve Bank of India wants to decrease machines (ATMs) in India. It was designed,
the money supply in order to check inflation developed and deployed with the aim of
then they will use the quantitative measures inter-connecting the ATMs in the country
of their monetary policy. and facilitating convenience banking. It is
run by the National Payments Corporation
Increase in repo rates – It is the rates at of India (NPCI).
which banks borrow from the RBI. By
increasing the repo rates, it becomes National Financial Switch (NFS) ATM
costlier for commercial banks to borrow network having 37 members and connecting
cash from the RBI which leads to decrease about 50,000 ATMs was taken over by
in money supply in the economy. And helps NPCI from Institute for Development and
in checking the inflation. Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT)
on December 14, 2009. Over the span of few
Increase in CCR: Cash Reserves Ratio (CRR) years, NFS ATM network has grown many
refers to the proportion of total deposits folds and is now the leading multilateral
of the commercial banks which they must ATM network in the country. As on 31st
keep as reserves with the central bank in Aug’22, there were 1,229 members that
the form of cash. By increasing the cash includes 113 Direct, 1,069 Sub members,
reserve ratio, the commercial banks have to 43 RRBs and 4 WLAOs using NFS network
maintain more cash with the central bank connected to 2.58 Lac ATM (including cash
RE
which reduces their credit creation capacity deposit machines/recyclers).
and therefore money supply in the economy
also reduces which corrects the situation of NFS has established a strong and
inflation. sustainable operational model with in-house
capabilities and today can be compared at
Increase in bank rate: Bank rate is the rate par with other major and well-established
charged on the loans offered by the Central switch networks. The operational functions
bank to the commercial banks without any
O
collateral. Bank rate is a quantitative credit
and services are at par with most of the
global ATM networks.
control measure under the monetary policy
of the government as it controls the overall Salient Features
supply of the money in the economy. During NFS has introduced sub-membership model
SC
inflation, bank rate is increased to reduce which enables smaller, regional banks
the total money supply in the economy by including RRBs and local co-operative banks
reducing the amount of credit creation by to participate in the ATM network.
the commercial banks.
NFS has maintained high standards of
Sterilisation - The RBI also buys dollars application and network uptime of above
from banks and exporters, partly to prevent 99.50% which has helped our member banks
the dollars from flooding the market and to ensure enhanced customer experience.
depressing the dollar - indirectly raising the
GS
The Bharat Clearing and Settlement

rupee. In other words, the central bank’s
System (BCS), has benefitted members
interactions have a desirable objective - to
with high operational efficiency and ease
keep the rupee devalued, which will make
of online transaction life cycle management
India’s exports more competitive, but they
(chargeback, re-presentment, etc.) in the
increase liquidity. To combat this, the RBI
network apart from being compliant with
does what it calls “sterilisation”, it sucks out
local regulatory requirements.
the rupees it pays out for dollars through
sale of sterilisation bonds. It then sells these NPCI has also tied up with International
bonds to banks. card schemes like Discover Financial
Service (DFS), Japan Credit Bureau (JCB)
Topic: Financial Inclusion and China UnionPay International (CUPI)
Sub-Topic: National Financial Switch which allows their cardholders to use ATMs
connected to NFS network.
The Fraud Risk Management (FRM)
solution is offered as a value added service
Explanation: to monitor transactions (in real time) and to
generate alert or decline the transaction in
Both statements are correct.
the NFS network.
National Financial Switch
Topic: Financial Inclusion
National Financial Switch (NFS) is the
Sub-Topic: National Financial Switch
21
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
52. Correct Option: (d) Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) is an
international reserve asset, created by the
Explanation: IMF in 1969 to supplement its member
Both statements are correct countries’ official reserves.
Stock Exchanges in India: SDRs can be exchanged for freely usable

currencies.
National Stock Exchange Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) are an
The National Stock Exchange was founded in asset, though not money in the classic sense
1992. It was recognized as a stock exchange because they can’t be used to buy things.
by SEBI under the Securities Contracts The value of an SDR is based on a basket of
(Regulation) Act, 1956 and the operation the world’s five leading currencies – the US
commenced in 1994. Vikram Limaye is dollar, euro, yuan, yen and the UK pound.
the Managing Director & Chief Executive
The SDR is an accounting unit for IMF
Officer of National Stock Exchange of India
transactions with member countries – and
Ltd (NSE).
a stable asset in countries’ international
It was the first exchange in India to provide reserves.
fully computerized electronic trading. NSE
The value of the SDR is based on a basket
is one of the pioneers in technology and
of five major currencies—the US dollar,
innovation which ensured the high-end
RE
the euro, the Chinese renminbi (RMB),
performance of its systems.
the Japanese yen, and the British pound
Its automated system makes it more reliable sterling.
and efficient in comparison to the Bombay
Stock Exchange (BSE). Topic: International Monetary Fund
Bombay Stock Exchange Sub-Topic: Special Drawing Rights
The Bombay Stock Exchange was founded

O
on July 9, 1875. It is Asia’s first stock 54. Correct Option: (a)
exchange.
Explanation:
It is also the world’s fastest exchange with a
Statement 2 is incorrect: issuers of
median trade speed of six microseconds.
SC
Municipal Debt Securities under Municipal
The Indian government recognized it Debt Regulations can be any municipality or
officially as per the Securities Contracts any Statutory Body or Board or corporation,
Regulation Act in August 1957. Authority, Trust or Agency established
The BSE joined the United Nations or notified by any Central or State Act or
Sustainable Stock Exchange initiative in any Special Purpose Vehicle notified by the
2012 State Government or Central Government.
Approximately 5000 companies are listed in Municipal Debt Securities
GS
BSE.
Municipal Debt Securities are non-
convertible debt securities which create
or acknowledge indebtedness, and include
Topic: Stock Exchanges in India
debenture, bonds and such other securities
Sub-Topic: NSE and BSE of an issuer, issued in terms of Municipal
Debt Regulations.
53. Correct Option: (c) The issuers of Municipal Debt Securities

under Municipal Debt Regulations can be
Explanation: any municipality or any Statutory Body
Statement 1 is incorrect: Special or Board or corporation, Authority, Trust
Drawing Rights (SDRs) is an international or Agency established or notified by any
reserve asset, created by the IMF Central or State Act or any Special Purpose
Vehicle notified by the State Government
Statement 3 is incorrect: The value of or Central Government, subject to the
the SDR is based on a basket of five major condition that it undertakes one or more
currencies-the US dollar, the euro, the functions that may be entrusted under
Chinese renminbi (RMB), the Japanese yen, Article 243W of the Constitution of India.
and the British pound sterling.
Further, any structure set up under the
Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) Pooled Finance Development Fund Scheme
of the Government of India or a body
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 22
corporate to whom the Companies Act, 2013 Housing Finance Company, Investment
applies, which offers or proposes to offer Company, Micro Finance Company/
municipal debt securities in accordance Institutions (MFIs) etc.
with Municipal Debt Regulations shall also On the basis of deposits: Deposit accepting
be deemed to be allowed as an issuer subject NBFCs and Non-deposit accepting NBFCs
to the condition that it is set up by the State
Government(s) or Central Government for Housing Finance Company (HFC)
the purpose of raising funds for a person A HFC is a company registered under
performing one or more functions entrusted Companies Act, 1956 which primarily
under Article 243W of the Constitution of transacts or has as one of its principal
India. objects, transacting of the business of
Topic: Debt instruments providing finance for housing, whether
directly or indirectly.
Sub-Topic: Municipal Debt Securities
HFC is considered a NBFC under the RBI’s
regulations.
55. Correct Option: (a) Last year, regulation of HFCs was handed
Explanation: over to RBI from National Housing Bank.
Statement 3 is incorrect: NBFC cannot Topic: Financial Institutions
RE
accept demand deposits (but some can Sub-Topic: NBFC
accept Time deposits and such NBFCs are
called Deposit taking NBFCs)
Non-banking finance companies
(NBFCs) Explanation:
A NBFC is a company registered under Option (b) is correct
O
the Companies Act, 1956 engaged in the
business of loans and advances, acquisition
Types of investment models
of governmental or other marketable Build Operate and Transfer (BOT) Toll
securities, leasing, hire-purchase, insurance model:
business, and chit business. Under this model, a road developer constructs
SC

It does not include any institution whose the road and he is allowed to recover his
principal business is that of agriculture investment through toll collection. There is
activity, industrial activity, purchase or no government payment to the developer as
sale of any goods (other than securities) or he earns his money invested from tolls.
providing any services and sale/purchase/ BOT Annuity Model:
construction of immovable property.
A developer builds a highway, operates it for
Difference from Banks: a specified duration and transfers it back to
GS
NBFC cannot accept demand deposits (but the government.

some can accept Time deposits and such The government starts payment to the
NBFCs are called Deposit taking NBFCs) developer after the launch of commercial
NBFCs do not form part of the payment and operation of the project.
settlement system and cannot issue cheques Engineering, Procurement and Construction
drawn on itself; (EPC) Model:
Deposit insurance facility of Deposit Under this model, the cost is completely
Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation borne by the government. Government
is not available to depositors of NBFCs invites bids for engineering knowledge from
Unlike banks, CRR does not apply on any the private players.
NBFCs while currently a lower SLR of 15% Procurement of raw material and construction
applies only to Deposit taking NBFC. costs are met by the government.
NBFCs get license under Companies Act, The private sector’s participation is
1956 and Banks under Banking regulation minimum and is limited to the provision of
Act 1949. engineering expertise
Types of NBFCs: NBFCs can be categorised Hybrid Annuity Model (HAM)
under two broad heads:
HAM is a mix of BOT Annuity and EPC
On the nature of their activity: includes models.
23
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
As per the design, the government will Code on wages, 2019
contribute to 40% of the project cost in the Code on Social Security, 2020
first five years through annual payments
(annuity). Code on Industrial Relations, 2020
The remaining payment will be made on Prior permission of the government for
the basis of the assets created and the closure, lay-off and retrenchment: It is
performance of the developer. required for an establishment having at
least 300 workers to seek prior permission
Topic: Investment Models of the government before closure, lay-off, or
Sub-Topic: Hybrid Annuity Model retrenchment.
Negotiating Union and Council
57. Correct Option: (a) Sole Negotiating Union: If there are more
than one registered trade union of workers
Explanation:
functioning in an establishment, the trade
Statement 2 is incorrect: CFL project is union having more than 51% of the workers
conceptualised by RBI in 2017. as members would be recognised as the sole
negotiating union.
Centre for Financial Literacy (CFL)
project – Negotiation Council: In case no trade union
RE
is eligible as sole negotiating union, then a
An innovative way to impart financial
negotiating council will be formed consisting
education through community approach
of representatives of unions that have at
The CFL project has been conceptualised by least 20% of the workers as members.
the Reserve Bank in 2017 as an innovative
Tribunals for the settlement of industrial
and participatory approach to financial
disputes will be set up. Each Industrial
literacy at the Block level involving select
Tribunal will consist of a judicial member
banks and nongovernmental organisation
O
and an Administrative member. The
(NGOs).
worker may apply to the Tribunal 45 days
Initially set up in 100 blocks on a pilot basis, after the application for the conciliation of
the project is now being scaled up across the the dispute was made.
country to every block in a phased manner
SC
Fixed term employment are those workers
by March 2024.
employed for a fixed duration based on a
This was one of the announcements made on contract signed between the worker and the
4th December 2020 as part of the monetary employer. Their working hours, wages, and
policy committee (MPC) statement. other benefits can’t be less than that of a
Going forward, the project is envisaged to permanent worker.
change the paradigm of financial inclusion Re-skilling fund: To re skill those workers
as well as education by ensuring greater who are retrenched. Contributions for the
GS
involvement and receptibility of the fund will be made from the employer of
community on the demand side so as to an industrial establishment amounting to
align with the expansion of institutional fifteen days wages last drawn by the worker
initiatives on the supply side. immediately before the retrenchment along
Topic: Financial Inclusion and Literacy with the contribution from such other
sources.
Sub-Topic: Centre for Financial Literacy
(CFL) project Topic: Labour codes
Sub-Topic: Code on Industrial Relations,
2020
Explanation:
Explanation:
Labour codes
Statement 1 is incorrect: It is a Non-
Ministry of Labour and Employment enacted government, a Non-profit organization.
four laws to consolidate 29 central laws.
Indian ARC Association
Code Occupational Safety, Health and
Working Conditions, 2020 A Non-government, a Non-profit
organization, Indian ARC Association
Code on Industrial Relations, 2020
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 24
(“IAA”) is voice of all Asset Reconstruction produced only in small scale industries
Companies, currently there are 27 ARCs etc. The economic reforms introduced in
registered with Reserve Bank of India. and after 1991 removed many of these
Association is active for more than 8 years. restrictions.
Association interacts with various Ministries, Industrial licensing was abolished for
regulatory and government bodies in- order almost all but product categories — alcohol,
for smooth functioning of business; it also cigarettes, hazardous chemicals, industrial
acts as forum for discussion which provides explosives, electronics, aerospace and drugs
platform for exchange of ideas. We work and pharmaceuticals.
towards creating a regulatory environment Many goods produced by small scale
which is favourable for our members. industries have now been de-reserved.
Association articulates views and concerns In many industries, the market has been
of its stakeholders. allowed to determine the prices.
Vision: Financial Sector Reforms
To harness a common platform for Asset One of the major aims of financial sector
Reconstruction Companies acting in reforms is to reduce the role of RBI from
coordination and develop favourable legal regulator to facilitator of the financial
and regulatory environment for smooth sector.
functioning of ARCs.
RE
Foreign Institutional Investors (FII) such
Association of ARCs in India is a as merchant bankers, mutual funds and
Representative Body of 28 Asset pension funds are now allowed to invest in
Reconstruction Companies registered with Indian financial markets.
Reserve Bank of India.
Tax Reforms
Topic: Asset Reconstruction Company
Since 1991, there has been a continuous
Sub-Topic: Indian ARC Association
O reduction in the taxes on individual incomes
as it was felt that high rates of income tax
were an important reason for tax evasion.
Trade and Investment Policy Reforms
Explanation:
SC
India was following a regime of quantitative
Statement 3 is incorrect: Industrial restrictions on imports through tight control
licensing was abolished for all products over imports and by keeping the tariffs very
except alcohol, cigarettes, hazardous high. These policies reduced efficiency and
chemicals, industrial explosives, electronics, competitiveness which led to slow growth of
aerospace and drugs and pharmaceuticals. the manufacturing sector.
Statement 5 is incorrect: Many goods The trade policy reforms focused at
produced by small scale industries were de-
GS
dismantling of quantitative restrictions

reserved on imports and exports, reduction of tariff
Liberalisation rates and removal of licensing procedures
for imports.
Foreign Exchange Reforms
Import licensing was abolished except in
In 1991, as an immediate measure to resolve case of hazardous and environmentally
the balance of payments crisis and not for sensitive industries.
the purpose of liberalization, the rupee was
Export duties have been removed to increase
devalued against foreign currencies. This
the competitive position of Indian goods in
led to an increase in the inflow of foreign
the international markets.
exchange.
Deregulation of Industrial Sector Topic: Opening Up of Economy
Regulatory mechanisms in India were Sub-Topic: Liberalisation of Economy

enforced in various ways, i.e., industrial
licensing under which every entrepreneur
had to get permission from government
officials to start a firm, close a firm or to Explanation:
decide the amount of goods that could be
Statement 2 is incorrect: The Ministry of
produced, the private sector was not allowed
Finance manages treasury single accounts.
in many industries, some goods could be
25
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
Treasury Single Account Activities undertaken at NABI under
A TSA can be defined as a unified structure different areas includes,
of government bank accounts enabling Agricultural Biotechnology,
consolidation and optimum utilization of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology,
government cash resources. It separates
transaction-level control from overall cash Human Resource Development,
management. Meeting and Courses and
The Government has created a Treasury Technology Transfer and Outreach.
Single Accounts (TSA) in order to minimize
The institute has developed strong
cost of borrowing and to enhance efficiency
linkages with National and International
in fund flows.
organizations and industries. The institute
TSA is a bank account or set of linked is part of agri-food cluster in the “Knowledge
accounts through which the government City” of Mohali (Punjab) along with its
transacts all its receipts and payments. neighbouring institutes.
TSA was proposed to be created because Topic: National Institutions
under the existing process, after approval,
funds were allocated and disbursed Sub-Topic: National Agri-Food
to various ministries, departments, Biotechnology Institute
RE
autonomous bodies and States. These funds
were not being utilized and kept idle in
other bank accounts.
The Treasury Single Account will ensure Explanation:
effective aggregate control over government Both statements are correct
cash balances, minimizing borrowing costs.
Fiscal Performance Index
These are managed by the Controller
O
General of Accounts, Ministry of Finance. Launched by the Confederation of Indian
Industry (CII), the Fiscal Performance
Topic: Treasury Single Account Index (FPI) assesses the quality of both
Sub-Topic: Treasury Single Account central and states budgets in India.
SC
The index comprises six components
for holistic assessment of the quality of
62. Correct Option: (c) Government Budgets. These include:
Explanation: Quality of revenue expenditure: measured
Both statements are correct. by the share of revenue expenditure other
than interest payments, subsidies, pensions
National Agri-Food Biotechnology and defence in GDP,
Institute
Quality of capital expenditure: measured by
GS

National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute the share of capital expenditure (other than
(NABI) is the first Agri-Food Biotechnology defence) in GDP,
Institute, established in India on 18th
Quality of revenue: the ratio of net tax
February 2010. The institute aims at
revenue to GDP (own tax revenue in case of
catalysing the transformation of Agri-food
States),
sector in India.
Degree of fiscal prudence I: fiscal deficit to
The institute has the vision to be a nodal
GDP,
organization for knowledge generation
and translational science leading to value- Degree of fiscal prudence II: revenue deficit
added products based on Agri-Food biotech to GDP and
innovations. Debt index: Change in debt and guarantees
The main research focus of NABI is to to GDP
harness biotechnological tools in the area Topic: Fiscal Health
of Agriculture Biotechnology, Food and
Nutritional Biotechnology so as to provide Sub-Topic: Fiscal Performance Index
sustainable and novel solutions towards
quality food and nutrition.
It is an Autonomous Institute under
Department of Biotechnology. Explanation:
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 26
Statement 2 is incorrect: The price of goods. These are non-durable goods and
domestically produced natural gas is decided services used by the producers such as raw
by the government. It will not be sold on the materials, oil, electricity, coal, fuel etc. and
gas exchange. services of hired engineers and technicians
etc. Goods which are purchased for resale
India Gas Exchange (IGX) are also treated as intermediate goods. For
IGX is a digital trading platform that will example, Rice, wheat, sugar etc. purchased
allow buyers and sellers of natural gas to by a retailer/wholesaler.
trade both in the spot market and in the
forward market for imported natural gas. Final Goods:
It will allow trade across three hubs —Dahej Goods which are used either for final
and Hazira in Gujarat, and Kakinada in consumption by the consumers or for
Andhra Pradesh. investment by the producers are known as
final goods. These goods do not pass-through
Imported Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) will production process and are not used for
be regasified and sold to buyers through the resale. For example, bread, butter, biscuits
exchange, removing the requirement for etc. used by the consumer.
buyers and sellers to find each other.
Whether a good is a final good or an
The price of domestically produced natural intermediate good depends on its use. For
gas is decided by the government. It will not example; milk used by a sweet maker is an
RE
be sold on the gas exchange. intermediate good but when it is used by
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) traded on the consumer it becomes a final good.
the platform is a natural gas that has Intermediate goods are not included in
been cooled to a liquid state at about -260° the calculation of national income. Only
Fahrenheit, for shipping and storage. final goods are included in the calculation
The volume of natural gas in its liquid state of national income because value of
O
is about 600 times smaller than its volume in
its gaseous state in a natural gas pipeline.
intermediate goods is included in the value
of final goods. If it is included in national
income it will lead to the problem of double
Topic: New Initiatives by the counting.
Government
SC
Domestic Territory
Sub-Topic: Indian Gas Exchange
Domestic territory of a country includes the
following:
65. Correct Option: (a) Political frontiers of the country including
Explanation: its territorial waters.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Revenue Ships, and aircrafts operated by the normal

earned by USA Embassy in India is counted residents of the country between two or
GS
in USA’s GDP. more countries for example, Air India’s

services between different countries.
Statement 3 is incorrect: The car’s
contribution in GDP has already been Fishing vessels, oil and natural gas rigs and
counted in the year it was manufactured. floating platforms operated by the residents
of the country in the international waters
Statement 4 is incorrect: Only the goods or engaged in extraction in areas where the
and services produced in the Domestic country has exclusive rights of operation.
Territory of India are counted in GDP
calculation. Embassies, consulates and military
establishments of the country located in other
Gross Domestic Product countries, for example, Indian embassy in
It is the money value of all the final goods U.S.A., Japan etc. It excludes all embassies,
and services produced within the domestic consulates and military establishments of
territory of a country during an accounting other countries and offices of international
year. organisations located in India.
Intermediate Goods and Final Goods Topic: National Income Accounting

Intermediate Goods: Intermediate goods Sub-Topic: India’s Gross Domestic
are those goods which are meant either Product calculation
for reprocessing or for resale. Goods
used in the production process during an
accounting year are known as intermediate
27
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
Explanation: On Expenditure – Inflation affects both the
forms of expenditure – consumption as well
as investment. Increased prices make out
Bond Yield consumption levels fall as goods and services
Bond yield is the return an investor realizes get costlier. On the other hand, inflation
on a bond. For example, a Bond has a face makes investment expenditure increase as
value of Rs.1000 and the rate of Interest on a result of decreased cost of money.
it is 10% and term for this Bond is 1 year. On Creditors and Debtors – Inflation
If the purchaser of this bond completes the redistributes wealth from creditors to
maturity period of this bond (1 year), he/ debtors. The lender suffers and borrowers
she will get Rs.100 as interest and Rs.1000 benefit out of inflation.
as face value of bond as returns. The bond On Lending: Since the lenders have to
yield in this case is Rs.100. recover the cost of money, they will increase
Now, in a different scenario, the purchaser the rate of interest due to rising inflation.
of bond sells this bond to Mr. Y before On Exchange Rate: With every inflation,
completing the maturity period for Rs. 950 the currency of the economy depreciates
due to some reason. provided it follows the flexible currency
Now, if Mr.Y completes the maturity period regime.
of bond, he will Rs.1000 (face value of the
RE
On Export: With Inflation the currency will
bond) and Rs 100 (interest on the bond is depreciate and hence, exportable items of
10%). Net Profit to Mr.Y will be Rs.( 1100 an economy gain competitive prices in the
– 950) = Rs. 150. For Mr. Y, the bond yield world market. Due to this, the volume of
isRs 150. export increases and this export income
Hence, it could be inferred that when the increases in the economy.
Bond Price Decreases, the Bond Yield On Import: Inflation gives an economy the
increases and vice-versa.
O
advantage of lower imports and import-
Bond Yield Inversion substitution as foreign goods become costlier.
But in the case of compulsory imports the
Typically, long-term bonds have higher
economy does not get this benefit and loses
yields than short-term bonds, and the yield
more foreign currency instead of saving it.
SC
curve slopes upward to the right.
On Income: Inflation affects the income
An inverted yield curve represents
of individual and firms alike. An increase
a situation in which long-term debt
in inflation, increases the nominal value
instruments have lower yields than short-
of income, while the real value of income
term debt instruments of the same credit
remains the same.
quality.
On Purchasing power: Increased price levels
An inverted yield curve shows that investors
erode the purchasing power of the money.
expect the future growth to fall sharply; in
GS
other words, the demand for money would Topic: Inflation

be much lower than what it is today.
Sub-Topic: Impacts of Inflation
Hence, a Bond yield inversion typically
portends a recession.
Topic: Bonds
Explanation:
Sub-Topic: Bond Yield Inversion
Statement 2 is incorrect: A shrinking
primary deficit indicates progress towards
67. Correct Option: (b) fiscal health.
Explanation: Revenue Deficit
Option (b) is correct: Due to inflation It refers to the excess of total revenue
money lending institutions increase their expenditure of the government over its
interest rates and with inflation, exportable total revenue receipts. Revenue deficit =
items of an economy gain competitive prices Total Revenue expenditure – Total Revenue
in the world market. Due to this, the volume receipts.
of export increases and this export income Revenue deficit = Total Revenue expenditure
increases in the economy. – (Tax Revenue + Non-Tax Revenue)
Effects of Inflation Fiscal Deficit
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 28
Fiscal deficit is defined as excess of total Personal Savings: This is the most appealing
expenditure over total receipts excluding source of financing, because you use your
borrowings during a fiscal year. own money to jumpstart your business and
Fiscal deficit = Total budget expenditure – don’t owe anyone else in the process.
Total budget receipts excluding borrowings Crowd funding: This involves funding a
Fiscal Deficit = (Revenue expenditure + business by taking small amounts of capital
Capital expenditure) – (Revenue Receipts + from a large number of people, usually via
Capital receipts excluding borrowings) the internet. This type of funding makes use
of the vast networks you’ve of your friends,
Fiscal deficit shows the borrowing family and colleagues via different social
requirements of the govt. during the budget platforms to get the word out about the
year. Fiscal deficit reflects the borrowing business, with the goal of attracting new
requirements of the govt. for financing the investors.
expenditure including interest payments.
Angel Investors: Angel investors are
Fiscal deficit = Total borrowing requirement wealthy individuals who will provide
of the government funding in exchange for a share of equity in
Fiscal deficit indicates the additional the business. Some investors work in groups
amount of financial resources needed to and screen deals together before providing
meet government expenditure. Two, it is an funds, while most work on their own.
RE
indicator of the increase in future liabilities Venture capital: It is financing provided by
of the government on interest payment and firms to small, high-risk, start-up companies
loan repayment. The government has to pay with large growth potential in return for
back the borrowed amount with interest in equity. Investors working for venture
future. capital firms that choose to invest in specific
Consequently, the government has to either companies are typically called VCs.
borrow more from the people or tax people
Topic: Start-Up Funding
O
more in future to pay interest and loan
amount. Sub-Topic: Types of Start-Up Funding
Primary Deficit
Primary deficit is defined as fiscal deficit 70. Correct Option: (d)
SC

minus interest payments on previous Explanation:
borrowings.
Option (d) is correct: It facilitates or
Primary deficit shows the borrowing
increase the availability of credit.
requirements of the govt. for meeting
expenditure excluding interest payment. Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code
Gross Primary deficit = Fiscal deficit – The objective behind Insolvency and
Interest payments Bankruptcy Code, 2016 are listed below:
GS
A shrinking primary deficit indicates To consolidate and amend the laws relating
progress towards fiscal health. to re-organization and insolvency resolution
The Budget document also mentions of corporate persons, partnership firms, and
deficit as a percentage of GDP. This is to individuals.
facilitate comparison and also get a proper To fix time periods for execution of the law
perspective. in a time-bound settlement of insolvency
Prudent fiscal management requires that (i.e. 180 days).
the government does not borrow to consume To maximize the value of assets of interested
in the normal course. persons.
Topic: Types of Deficit To promote entrepreneurship
Sub-Topic: Primary Deficit To increase the availability of credit.

To balance all stakeholder’s interest
(including alteration). Balance to be done
69. Correct Option: (d) in the order of priority of payment of
Explanation: Government dues.
Option (d) is correct To establish an Insolvency and Bankruptcy

Board of India as a regulatory body for
Types of Funding Sources for a Start-up insolvency and bankruptcy law.
29
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
To establish higher levels of debt financing The BNI has been created for all States for
across a wide variety of debt instruments. 2012 and 2018.
To provide painless revival mechanism for The Bare Necessities Index (BNI) is an
entities. attempt to quantify “basic needs” approach
To deal with cross-border insolvency. to economic development using data from
National Statistical Office (NSO).
To resolve India’s bad debt problem by
creating a database of defaulters. It is created for all States/Union Territories
by employing data at State Level.
Applicability of the Code
It highlights that access to bare necessities
The provisions of the Code shall apply have improved in 2018 across all States in
for insolvency, liquidation, voluntary the country compared to 2012.
liquidation or bankruptcy of the following
entities: Compared to 2012 the Interstate Disparities
have declined in the access to bare
Any company incorporated under the necessities.
Companies Act, 2013 or under any previous
law. The access has improved disproportionately
more for poorest households compared to
Any other company governed by any special richest households across rural and urban
act for the time being in force, except in so areas.
RE
far as the said provision is inconsistent with
the provisions of such Special Act. Topic: Important Indices
Any Limited Liability Partnership under Sub-Topic: Bare Necessities Index
the LLP Act 2008.
Any other body being incorporated under 72. Correct Option: (b)
any other law for the time being in force, as
specified by the Central Government in this Explanation:
O
regard Statement 1 is incorrect: They perform
Partnership firms and individuals bank-like activities (mainly lending, not all
Exceptions: There is an exception to the activities)
applicability of the Code that it shall not
SC
Shadow Banking System
apply to corporate persons who are regulated
The term ‘shadow bank’ was coined by Paul
financial service providers like-
McCulley in 2007
Banks;
A shadow banking system is the group of
Financial Institutions; and financial intermediaries facilitating the
Insurance companies. creation of credit.
The shadow banking system also refers
GS
to unregulated activities by regulated

Topic: Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code institutions
Sub-Topic: Objectives of Insolvency and Shadow banks are not subject to the
Bankruptcy Code same kinds of risk, liquidity, and capital
restrictions as traditional banks are.
71. Correct Option: (a) The shadow banking system played a major
role in the expansion of housing credit in
Explanation: the run up to the 2008 financial crisis
Statement 2 is incorrect: Inter- Topic: Banking systems
State disparities in the access to the bare
necessities have decreased in 2018 as Sub-Topic: Shadow Banking System
compared to 2012 across the rural and
urban areas.
Bare Necessities Index
Explanation:
Economic Survey 2020-21 constructs a Bare
Necessities Index (BNI) at the rural, urban Statement 2 is incorrect: GDRs can be
and all India level. The BNI summarises 26 denominated in any foreign currency and
indicators on five dimensions viz., water, traded in international stock exchanges
sanitation, housing, micro-environment, Global Depository Receipts (GDRs)
and other facilities.
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 30
A Global Depository Receipt (GDR), also Quotas determine a member’s share in a
known as international depository receipt general allocation of SDRs.
(IDR), is a certificate issued by a depository
Quota review:
bank, which purchases shares of foreign
companies and deposits it on the account The IMF’s Board of Governors conducts
general reviews of quotas at regular
The Global depository receipts enable any
intervals not more than five years apart.
corporate company to access investors in
the capital markets outside the domestic Any changes in quotas must be approved by
market. an 85 percent majority of the total voting
power, and a member’s own quota cannot be
GDR is denominated in any foreign
changed without its consent.
currency but the underlying shares would
be denominated in the local currency of the Member country quota:
issuer.
Member Quota Quota Vote
GDRs are traded in international stock (Millions, Share Votes Share
exchanges such as London stock exchange, SDR) (%) (%)
Frankfurt stock exchange, and Luxembourg
United
stock exchange etc. 82994.2 17.46 831407 16.52
States
The holder is entitled to dividend and bonus Japan 30820.5 6.48 309670 6.15
RE
on the value of shares underlying the GDR.
China 30482.9 6.41 306294 6.09
Indian depository receipts (IDRs)
Germany 26634.4 5.6 267809 5.32
Indian depository receipt (IDR) is a
France 20155.1 4.24 203016 4.03
negotiable and transferable financial
instrument denominated in Indian rupees United
20155.1 4.24 203016 4.03
that enables foreign companies to raise Kingdom
funds from Indian stock and financial Italy 15070 3.17 152165 3.02
O
markets. Indian depository receipts are the India 13114.4 2.76 132609 2.64
Indian versions of similar Global depository
Russian
receipts. 12903.7 2.71 130502 2.59
Federation
Topic: Depository Receipts
SC
Brazil 11042 2.32 111885 2.22
Sub-Topic: Global Depository Receipts Topic: International Institutions
and Indian depository receipts
Sub-Topic: IMF

Explanation:
Explanation:
GS

Statement 1 is incorrect: Penny Stocks
IMF Quota system are the shares which remain low-priced at
The IMF is a quota-based institution. An a stock exchange for a comparatively longer
individual member country’s quota broadly period.
reflects its relative position in the world Stock market operations
economy.
Penny Stocks:
Quotas are denominated in Special Drawing
Rights (SDRs), the IMF’s unit of account. The share which remains low-priced at a
stock exchange for a comparatively longer
Multiple roles of quotas: period.
Quotas determine the maximum amount of Speculators may start hoarding them for
financial resources a member is obliged to hefty margins. And since such stocks get
provide to the IMF. hoarded, ultimately their market prices
Quotas are a key determinant of the voting increase.
power in IMF decisions. Votes comprise one The speculators earn profit after offloading
vote per SDR100, 000 of quota plus basic (selling) these shares at high prices and
votes (same for all members). others who purchase these shares ultimately
Quotas determine the maximum amount might fetch huge losses because price rise
of financing a member can obtain from the of these stocks are unintentional or each
IMF under normal access. intentional manipulation and nothing else.
31
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
Authorised Capital: The limits upto which financial institutions, etc.
shares can be issued by a company— Similarly, external borrowings might
also known as the nominal or registered include the loans from the World Bank, the
capital. This is fixed in the Memorandum IMF, foreign banks, foreign governments,
of Association (MoA) and the Article of foreign financial institutions, etc.
Association (AoA) of a company as required
by the Companies Act (Law). Other Receipts by the Governments:
Paid-up Capital: The part of the authorised This includes many long-term capital
capital of a company that has actually been accruals to the government through the
paid by shareholders. A difference may arise Provident Fund (PF), Postal Deposits,
because all shares authorised might not be various small saving schemes (SSSs) and
issued or issued shares are only partly paid- the government bonds sold to the public
up. (Indira Vikas Patra, Kisan Vikas Patra,
Market Stabilisation Bond, etc.).
Subscribed Capital: The amount actually
paid by the shareholders or have been Such receipts are nothing but a kind of
committed by them for contribution. loan on which the government needs to pay
interests on their maturities.
Issued Capital: The amount which is sought
by a company to be raised by issuing shares Topic: Budgeting
which cannot exceed the authorised capital
RE
of the company. Sub-Topic: Expenditure and Receipts of
Government
Derivatives:
Derivative is a product whose value is 77. Correct Option: (c)
derived from the value of one or more basic
variables, called bases (underlying asset, Explanation:
index, or reference rate), in a contractual Statement 1 is incorrect: It is a Central
O
manner. Sector Scheme with total outlay of Rs 150
The underlying asset can be equity, forex, crore for a period of three years from 2022-
commodity or any other asset. 23 to 2024-25.
Topic: Market Operations Statement 2 is incorrect: The IIPDF
SC
will contribute up to 75% of the project
Sub-Topic: Stock Market Operations development expenses to the Sponsoring
Authority as an interest free loan. The
76. Correct Option: (b) balance 25% will be co-funded by the
Sponsoring Authority.
Explanation: India Infrastructure Project Development
Statement 4 is incorrect: Recovery of Fund Scheme (IIPDF Scheme)
GS
loans is a non-debt capital receipt. The IIPDF Scheme was set up in 2007.
Financing of fiscal deficit It is a Central Sector Scheme with total
Following are the sources of financing fiscal outlay of Rs 150 crore for a period of three
deficit which are known as debt receipts: years from 2022-23 to 2024-25.
Market borrowings which also includes It is available to the Sponsoring Authorities
G-sec and T Bills. for PPP projects for meeting the project
development costs.
Securities against small savings.
It would be necessary for the Sponsoring
State provident funds. Authority to create and empower a PPP
Receipts from internal debt and public Cell to undertake PPP project development
account. activities and also address larger policy and
External debt receipts. regulatory issues.
Borrowings by the Government: Objective:
This includes all long-term loans raised It is aimed to provide financial support for
by the government inside the country quality project development activities.
(i.e., internal borrowings) and outside the Significance:
country (i.e., external borrowings).
The Sponsoring Authority will, be able to
Internal borrowings might include the source funding to cover a portion of the
borrowings from the RBI, Indian banks,
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 32
PPP transaction costs, thereby reducing the company.
impact of costs related to procurement on But now, that may be passed on fully to the
their budgets. government.
Financial Outlay: Topic: Agriculture
The IIPDF will contribute up to 75% of
Sub-Topic: Pradhanmantri Bhartiya
the project development expenses to the
Janurvarak Pariyojna
Sponsoring Authority as an interest free
loan. The balance 25% will be co-funded by
the Sponsoring Authority. 79. Correct Option: (d)
On successful completion of the bidding Explanation:
process, the project development expenditure
would be recovered from the successful Statement 1 is incorrect: 75% of all loan
bidder. assets of Regional Rural Banks must go to
area under priority sector lending
However, in the case of failure of the bid,
the loan would be converted into grant. Statement 2 is incorrect: Payment
banks can accept deposits upto 1 lakh.
In case the Sponsoring Authority does
not conclude the bidding process for some Statement 3 is incorrect: Local area
reason, the entire amount contributed banks are setup by private entities simply
RE
would be refunded to the IIPDF. applying to RBI under Banking Regulation
Act.
Topic: Government Schemes
Differential Banks
Sub-Topic: India Infrastructure Project
Development Fund Scheme Differentiated Banks (niche banks) are
banks that serve the needs of a certain
demographic segment of the population.
O Regional Rural Banks, Small Finance
Banks and Payment Banks are examples of
Explanation:
differentiated banks in India.
Regional Rural Banks
Pradhanmantri Bhartiya Janurvarak
SC

Pariyojna (One Nation One Fertiliser They are established based on
Scheme) M.Narasimham’s Committee on Financial
Inclusion in 1970s.
Under ONOF companies are allowed to
display their name, brand, logo and other These banks are setup under the provisions
relevant product information only on one- of RRB act 1976 & its amendment in 2015.
third space of their bags. It has shared ownership with a sponsor
On the remaining two-thirds space, the banks and voting power of Union, State and
GS
“Bharat” brand and Pradhanmantri Sponsor bank include 51%. e.g., Uttar Bihar
Bharatiya Jan Urvarak Pariyojana logo will Gramin Bank (Sponsor bank- Central Bank
have to be shown. of India)
The single brand name for UREA, Di- These banks are subjected to CRR, SLR
Ammonium Phosphate DAP, Muriate of norms but RBI could prescribe separate
potash (MOP) and Nitrogen Phosphorus norms.
Potassium NPK etc. would be BHARAT 75% of all loan assets of Regional Rural
UREA, BHARAT DAP, BHARAT MOP Banks must go to area under priority sector
and BHARAT NPK etc. respectively for lending.
all Fertiliser Companies, State Trading Their loan interest rates can’t be more than
Entities (STEs) and Fertiliser Marketing prevailing lending rates of Cooperative
Entities (FMEs). Banks in the area.
This scheme applies to both public & private
Payment Banks
sector companies.
They also come under differentiated bank
It will bring about uniformity in fertiliser
license because they cannot offer all the
brands across the country
services that a commercial bank offers.
Currently, in case of any bag or batch
of fertilisers not meeting the required They cannot lend.
standards, the blame is put on the It can take deposits up to Rs.1 lakh per
33
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
account. 81. Correct Option: (d)
They can issue debit cards but not credit Explanation:
cards.
Option (d) is correct
Local Area Banks
ESG Funds
The first Local Area Banks were set up
as per a Government of India Scheme ESG funds focus on non-financial factors of
announced in August 1996. a company and invest in stocks of companies
that have no evidence of any harmful
The main objective of was to mobilize the environmental impact or any social risks; are
rural savings and make them available for committed to corporate social responsibility
investments in local areas. (CSR) measures; and do not have harmful
Each LAB is registered as a public limited relationships with stakeholder and the
company under the Companies Act, 1956. society at large.
However, they are licensed under the According to the Securities and Exchange
Banking Regulation Act, 1949. Board of India (SEBI), ESG funds fall under
They have jurisdiction over a maximum of the category of thematic funds.
three contiguous districts, and their basic The first ESG mutual fund was launched
function is to mobilise funds in rural and by the State Bank of India - SBI Magnum
semi-urban areas.
RE
Equity ESG Fund.
Topic: Banking System Environmental, social, and governance
Sub-Topic: Types of banks (ESG) criteria are an increasingly popular
way for investors to evaluate companies in
which they might want to invest.
80. Correct Option: (c) Many mutual funds, brokerage firms,
Explanation: and robo-advisors now offer products that
O
employ ESG criteria.
Statement 2 is incorrect: It is launched
by IPPB, in collaboration with Investor ESG criteria can also help investors avoid
Education and Protection Fund Authority companies that might pose a greater
(IEPFA) under the aegis of Ministry of financial risk due to their environmental or
SC
Corporate Affairs (MCA). other practices.
Niveshak Didi Initiative Topic: Types of Funds

It is based on the ideology of women for Sub-Topic: ESG Funds
women, as rural area women feel more
comfortable to share their queries with a
female herself. 82. Correct Option: (a)
Explanation:
GS
It is launched by IPPB, in collaboration

with Investor Education and Protection Statement 2 is incorrect: PARA was
Fund Authority (IEPFA) under the aegis of proposed in Economic Survey 2017.
Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA).
Bad Bank (“PARA”)
The session covered topics ranging from
banking and financial products, importance The Central government has revived the
of joining the mainstream financial services idea of setting up an independent asset
offered by regulated entities & protection reconstruction or asset management
against various types of risks involved company, a sort of ‘bad bank’.
with investments and measures of fraud In the Economic Survey Report 2017, Chief
prevention. Economic Adviser Arvind Subramanian
India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) conducted had suggested the creation of Public Sector
India’s First Floating Financial Literacy Asset Rehabilitation Agency (PARA) which
Camp with an initiative called ‘Niveshak will work as a “Bad bank” to absorb the
Didi’ to promote Financial Literacy ‘By the losses from the PSBs.
women, for the women’, in Srinagar, J&K. PARA will buy bad loans from PSBs, try
to salvage the maximum value from loan-
Topic: Financial Literacy Initiatives
restructuring / liquidation-auction and
Sub-Topic: Niveshak Didi Initiative absorb the losses.
A bad bank is an entity that buys NPAs
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 34
or stressed loans from banks and financial Small Farmers Agribusiness Consortium
institutions (FIs), mostly at a discounted (SFAC) is an autonomous society promoted
market price. It then works to recover and by Ministry of Agriculture Cooperation
turnaround the assets through professional and Farmers’ Welfare, Government
management, sale or restructuring. of India. SFAC is an exclusive society
focused on increasing incomes of small
and marginal farmers through aggregation
83. Correct Option: (d) and development of agribusiness. SFAC
Explanation: is progressing towards establishing an
eco-system for FPOs/FPCs to make them
Option (d) is incorrect sustainable and viable in the long run.
Global Vaccine Market Report 2022 SFAC is also implementing the National
Agriculture Market Electronic Trading
World Health Organisation (WHO) released
(e-Nam) platform.
‘Global Vaccine Market Report 2022’.
The Scheme aims to facilitate the promotion
This is the first report to capture the
of agri-business projects establishing
implications of Covid-19 for vaccine markets
backward linkages with farmers, providing
highlighting the issue of vaccine inequity.
assured market to their produce, thereby
Findings of the report: generating employment and enhancing
farmers’ income. SFAC is one of the Central
RE
It shows that inequitable distribution is
Procurement Agencies for pulses and
not unique to Covid-19 vaccines, with low-
oilseeds under Price Stabilisation Fund of
income countries consistently struggling to
Department of Consumer Affairs.
access vaccines that are in-demand by high-
income countries. Limited vaccine supply Topic: Agriculture
and unequal distribution drive global
disparities.
Sub-Topic: Small Farmers Agribusiness
Consortium

O
The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine
against cervical cancer has only been
introduced in 41% of low-income countries, 85. Correct Option: (a)
even though they represent much of the
Explanation:
SC
disease burden, compared to 83% of high-
income countries. Option (a) is correct
Affordability is a major obstacle to vaccine Methods of Floatation
access. While prices tend to be tiered by
There are various methods of floating new
income, price disparities see middle-income
issues in the primary market:
countries paying as much – or even more
– than wealthier ones for several vaccine Rights Issue
products. This is a privilege given to existing
GS

Free market dynamics is depriving some shareholders to subscribe to a new issue of
of the world’s poorest and most vulnerable shares according to the terms and conditions
people of their right to health. Therefore, of the company.
changes are much needed to the global The shareholders are offered the ‘right’ to
vaccine market to save lives, prevent disease buy new shares in proportion to the number
and prepare for future crises. of shares they already possess.
Topic: International Reports and Indices Offer through Prospectus
Sub-Topic: Global Vaccine Market Report It is the most popular method of raising funds
2022 by public companies in the primary market.
This involves inviting subscription from the
public through issue of prospectus.
A prospectus makes a direct appeal
Explanation: to investors to raise capital, through
Statement 1 is incorrect: It is the central an advertisement in newspapers and
procurement agency for pulses and oilseeds magazines.
under Price Stabilization Fund (PSF). The issues may be underwritten and also
Small Farmers Agribusiness Consortium are required to be listed on at least one
(SFAC): stock exchange.
35
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
The contents of the prospectus have to be A Digital Banking Unit is a specialised
in accordance with the provisions of the fixed point business unit or hub, set up
Companies Act and SEBI disclosure and by scheduled commercial banks, housing
investor protection guidelines. certain minimum digital infrastructure
for delivering digital banking products
Offer for Sale
and services as well as servicing existing
Under this method, securities are not issued financial products and services digitally in
directly to the public but are offered for sale self-service mode at any time.
through intermediaries like issuing houses
The DBUs are being set up with the
or stockbrokers.
objective to ensure the benefits of digital
In this case, a company sells securities at an banking reach every nook and corner of the
agreed price to brokers who, in turn, resell country and will cover all the States and
them to the investing public. Union territories.
Private Placement Any product or service that can be provided
digitally through internet banking or mobile
A private placement is the allotment of
banking can be provided in the DBU.
securities by a company to institutional
investors and some selected individuals. Both liability side products and services
and asset products and services have to be
It helps to raise capital more quickly than a
provided at a DBU.
RE
public issue.
On the liability side, the products and
Access to the primary market can be
services include (i) Account opening: Saving
expensive on account of various mandatory
bank account under various schemes,
and non-mandatory expenses. Some
current account, fixed deposit, and recurring
companies, therefore, cannot afford a public
deposit account; (ii) Digital kit for customers:
issue and choose to use private placement.
Mobile banking, internet banking, debit
E-IPOs card, credit card, and mass transit system
O
A company proposing to raise capital from cards; (iii) Digital kit for merchants: UPI
the public through the on-line system of QR code, BHIM Aadhaar, POS, etc.
the stock exchange has to enter into an
agreement with the Stock exchange. This is
SC
On the asset products and services side,
called an Initial Public Offer (IPO). banks should offer (i) Making applications
Companies can raise equity capital with the for and onboarding customers for identified
help of an IPO by issuing new shares to the retail, MSME, or schematic loans. This may
public or the existing shareholders can sell also include end-to-end digital processing
their shares to the public without raising of such loans, from online application
fresh capital. to disbursal; (ii) Identified Government
SEBI registered brokers have to be appointed sponsored schemes covered under the
GS
for the purpose of accepting applications National Portal.

and placing orders with the company. As for Digital Services, each DBU will
The issuer company should also appoint a have to offer (i) Cash withdrawal and cash
registrar to the issue of having electronic deposit only through ATM and cash deposit
connectivity with the exchange. The machines, respectively- no physical cash
issuer company can apply for listing of its acceptance/disbursal across counters; (ii)
securities on any exchange other than the Passbook printing/statement generation;
exchange through which it has offered its (iii) Internet banking kiosk to provide all/
securities. The lead manager coordinates majority of services available on internet
all the activities amongst intermediaries banking, including indent and issuance/
connected with the issue. processing of cheque book request, receipt,
and online processing of various standing
Topic: Methods of Floatation instructions of clients;(iv) transfer of funds
(NEFT/IMPS support); (v) Updation of KYC
Sub-Topic: Methods of Floatation
/ other personal details, etc.; (iv) Lodging of
grievance digitally and acknowledgement
86. Correct Option: (d) thereof, and also tracking of resolution
status; (v) Account opening kiosk; (vi)
Explanation: Kiosk with e-KYC/ Video KYC; (vii) Digital
All statements are correct. onboarding of customers for schemes, such
as Atal Pension Yojana; (viii) Insurance
Digital Banking Units
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 36
onboarding for Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Core Inflation:
Jyoti Bima Yojana and Pradhan Mantri Core Inflation corresponds to the component
Suraksha Bima Yojana.
of inflation that is likely to continue for
All domestic scheduled commercial banks a long period. Core inflation captures
other than regional rural banks, payments the underlying trend of inflation and is,
banks, and local area banks can set up therefore, more stable.
DBUs. In the first round of 75 DBUs, as
Unlike the non-core component of inflation,
many as 11 public sector banks, 12 private
core inflation is not affected by temporary
sector banks, and one small finance bank
shocks. In India, core inflation is generally
participated in the programme.
measured by excluding highly volatile
Topic: Digitalisation of Banks components from the headline inflation.
Sub-Topic: Digital Banking Units By their very nature, food and fuel have
been highly volatile. Therefore, we arrive
at core inflation by removing food and fuel
87. Correct Option: (c) components from the headline inflation.
Explanation: As headline inflation exhibits volatility due
to short run shocks, Central banks in many
countries focus on core inflation.
RE
National Institute For Plant Biotechnology
Topic: Inflation
(NIPB)
National Institute For Plant Biotechnology Sub-Topic: Core Inflation
(NIPB) is a premiere research institution of
the Indian Council of Agricultural Research 89. Correct Option: (a)
(ICAR).
Explanation:

O
The institute was founded in 1985 as the
‘Biotechnology Centre’ of Indian Agricultural Pair 2 is incorrectly matched: Non-
Research Institute (IARI) for molecular debt Receipts- Disinvestment Receipts
biology and biotechnology research in crop Pair 3 is incorrectly matched: Non-
plants.
SC
tax Revenue- Profits from Public Sector
The prescience of the role of biotechnology in Enterprises
agriculture led to a bigger responsibility for
Central Government Receipts
this centre and it was elevated as National
Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology in Central government receipts can broadly be
the year 1993 (Now NIPB). divided into non-debt and debt receipts.
With a humble beginning and a few The non-debt receipts comprise of tax
dedicated scientists, the centre could revenue, non-tax revenue, recovery of loans,
GS
successfully deliver varieties such as Pusa and disinvestment receipts.

Jai Kisan, which is one of the top three Debt receipts mostly consist of market
mustard varieties released by the ICAR till borrowings and other liabilities, which
date. the government is obliged to repay in the
Moricandia based CMS system developed future.
at NIPB has contributed to the commercial Non-tax revenue consists mainly of interest
production of mustard hybrids namely NRC receipts on loans to States and Union
Sankar Sarson (DRMR, Bharatpur) and Territories, dividends and profits from
Coral 432 (Advanta India). Public Sector Enterprises including surplus
Topic: Agriculture of Reserve Bank of India transferred to GOI,
and external grants and receipts for services
Sub-Topic: National Institute For Plant provided by the Central Government.
Biotechnology (NIPB)
Topic: Central Government Receipts
88. Correct Option: (b) Sub-Topic: types of Central Government

Receipts
Explanation:
Statement 1 is incorrect: Core inflation 90. Correct Option: (c)
does not exhibit volatility due to short run
shocks. Explanation:
37
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
Both statement are correct The new scheme, to be implemented during
the remaining four years of the 15th Finance
Types of Market Structure Commission from 2022-23 to 2025-26 have
Perfect competition: Perfect competition an outlay of Rs.6,600 crore.
describes a market structure, where a large
The PM-DevINE is in addition to the
number of small firms compete against each
quantum of resources available for the
other. In this scenario, a single firm does
development of the NE region. It will not be
not have any significant market power. As
a substitute for existing central and state
a result, the industry as a whole produces
schemes.
the socially optimal level of output, because
none of the firms can influence market The scheme will be implemented by the
prices. Ministry of Development of North Eastern
Region through North Eastern Council or
Monopolistic competition: Monopolistic
Central Ministries/ agencies.
competition also refers to a market
structure, where a large number of small Topic: Infrastructure Policies
firms compete against each other. However, Sub-Topic: Prime Minister’s Development
unlike in perfect competition, the firms in Initiative for North East Region
monopolistic competition sell similar, but
slightly differentiated products. That gives
them a certain degree of market power, 92. Correct Option: (d)
RE
which allows them to charge higher prices
Explanation:
within a certain range.
Statement 1 is incorrect: MSS is utilized
Oligopoly: An oligopoly describes a market
for Liquidity Absorption from market.
structure which is dominated by only a
small number of firms. That results in a Statement 2 is incorrect: MSS bonds
state of limited competition. The firms issued under this scheme are included as
part of country’s internal debt.
O
can either compete against each other or
collaborate (see also Cournot vs. Bertrand
Market Stabilization Scheme (MSS)
Competition). By doing so, they can use
their collective market power to drive up The MSS was devised to enable GoI to
prices and earn more profit. borrow from the RBI (such borrowing
SC
being additional to its normal borrowing
Monopoly: A monopoly refers to a market
requirements) and by issueing Treasury-
structure where a single firm controls the
Bills/Dated Securities that are utilized for
entire market. In this scenario, the firm
absorbing excess liquidity from the market.
has the highest level of market power, as
consumers do not have any alternatives. As The MSS constitutes an arrangement which
a result, monopolies often reduce output to aides in liquidity absorption, in keeping
increase prices and earn more profit. with the overall monetary policy stance of
the RBI, alongside tools like the Liquidity
GS
Topic: market Structure Adjustment Facility (LAF) and Open Market

Sub-Topic: Types of Market Structure Operations (OMO).
The securities issued under MSS are termed
as Market Stabilization Scheme (MSS)
91. Correct Option: (b) Securities/Bonds, are issued by way of
Explanation: auctions conducted by the RBI and are done
according to a specified ceiling mutually
Statement 3 is incorrect: The PM- agreed upon by the GoI and the RBI.
DevINE is in addition to the quantum of
resources available for the development of Bond issued under this scheme possess
the NE region. It will not be a substitute for all the attributes of existing Treasury-
existing central and state schemes. Bills/Dated Securities and are included as
a part of the country’s ‘internal Central
Prime Minister’s Development Initiative Government debt’.
for North East Region (PM-DevINE):
Topic: Various Schemes
PM-DevINE was announced in the Union
Budget 2022-23 to address development Sub-Topic: Market Stabilization Scheme
gaps in the North Eastern Region (NER).
It is a Central Sector Scheme with 100% 93. Correct Option: (d)
Central funding.
Explanation:
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 38
All statements are correct Statement 2 is incorrect: Treasury bills
are short term debt instruments issued
Capital adequacy ratio (CAR):
by the Government of India while G-Sec
The capital adequacy ratio (CAR) is a are long-term instruments come with a
measurement of a bank’s available capital maturity of one year or more and are called
expressed as a percentage of a bank’s risk- government bonds or dated securities.
weighted credit exposures.
Government Security (G-Sec) and
The capital adequacy ratio, also known as Treasury bills:
capital-to-risk weighted assets ratio (CRAR),
is used to protect depositors and promote the A Government Security (G-Sec) is a
stability and efficiency of financial systems tradable instrument issued by the Central
around the world. Government or the State Governments.
It acknowledges the Government’s debt
Two types of capital are measured: tier-1 obligation.
capital, which can absorb losses without a
bank being required to cease trading, and G-Secs are very secure instruments and
tier-2 capital, which can absorb losses in hence Provident funds, by their very
the event of a winding-up and so provides a nature, need to invest in risk free securities
lesser degree of protection to depositors. that also provide them a reasonable return.
Government securities, also called the gilt
The capital adequacy ratio is calculated by edged securities or G-secs, are not only
RE
dividing a bank’s capital by its risk-weighted free from default risk but also provide
assets. The capital used to calculate the reasonable returns and, therefore, offer the
capital adequacy ratio is divided into two most suitable investment opportunity to
tiers. provident funds.
CAR = (Tier 1 Capital + Tier 2 Capital)% In India, the Central Government issues
Risk Weighted Assets both, treasury bills and bonds or dated

O
Tier-1 Capital: Tier-1 capital, or core
capital, consists of equity capital, ordinary
securities while the State Governments
issue only bonds or dated securities, which
share capital, intangible assets and audited are called the State Development Loans
revenue reserves. Tier-1 capital is used to (SDLs).
absorb losses and does not require a bank to G-Secs carry practically no risk of default
SC

cease operations. Tier-1 capital is the capital and, hence, are called risk-free gilt-edged
that is permanently and easily available to instruments.
cushion losses suffered by a bank without
it being required to stop operating. A good They are long-term instruments come with a
example of a bank’s tier one capital is its maturity of one year or more and are called
ordinary share capital. government bonds or dated securities
Tier-2 Capital: Tier-2 capital comprises Treasury Bills (T-bills): Treasury bills or
unaudited retained earnings, unaudited T-bills, which are money market instruments,
GS
reserves and general loss reserves. This are short term debt instruments issued by
capital absorbs losses in the event of a the Government of India and are presently
company winding up or liquidating. Tier-2 issued in three tenors, namely, 91 day,
capital is the one that cushions losses in 182 day and 364 day. Treasury bills are
case the bank is winding up, so it provides zero coupon securities and pay no interest.
a lesser degree of protection to depositors Instead, they are issued at a discount and
and creditors. It is used to absorb losses if a redeemed at the face value at maturity.
bank loses all its Tier-1 capital. There are no treasury bills issued by State
Governments.
Risk-Weighted Assets: Risk-weighted
assets are used to determine the minimum Topic: Various Debt Instruments
amount of capital that must be held by Sub-Topic: Government Securities
banks and other institutions to reduce the
risk of insolvency.
Topic: Various banking Instruments
Sub-Topic: Capital Adequacy Ratio
Explanation:
Statement 3 is incorrect: A Mission
Directorate will be operational in the
94. Correct option: (a) Ministry of Textiles.
Explanation: National Technical Textiles Mission
39
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
The Cabinet Committee on Economic in vehicles such as seat belts and airbags,
Affairs (CCEA) has approved the setting up airplane seats; geotech, which is incidentally
of a National Technical Textiles Mission at the fastest growing sub-segment, used to
a total outlay of `1,480 crores. hold back soil, etc.
It aims to position the country as a global Topic: Textile Industry
leader in technical textiles and increase
the use of technical textiles in the domestic Sub-Topic: National Technical Textiles
market. Mission
The Mission will aim at taking domestic
market size to $40 billion to $50 billion by 96. Correct Option: (a)
2024.
Explanation:
A Mission Directorate will be operational in
the Ministry of Textiles. Option (a) is correct
It will be implemented for four years Quarterly Employment Survey (QES)
starting from 2020-2021 and will have four Quarterly Employment Survey (QES), part
components- of All India Quarterly Establishment based
First component: It will focus on research, Employment Survey (AQEES), was released
development and innovation with an outlay by the Labour Bureau, Ministry of Labour
RE
of `1,000 crores. and Employment.
The research will be at both fibre level and It provides the employment estimates for
application-based in geo, agro, medical, the establishments employing 10 or more
sports and mobile textiles and development workers in the organised segment in 9
of bio-degradable technical textiles. sectors.
Research activities will also focus on the The 9 sectors are Manufacturing,
development of indigenous machinery and Construction, Trade, Transport, Education,
O
process equipment. Health, Accommodation and Restaurants,
IT/BPO, Financial Service Activities.
Second component: It will be for the
promotion and development of the market While the QES provides a demand-side
for technical textiles. picture, the National Sample Survey or
SC
Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS)
Third component: It will focus on export
gives the supply side picture of the labour
promotion so that technical textile exports
market.
from the country reach from the `14,000
crores to `20,000 crores by 2021-2022 and Topic: Labour statistics
ensure 10% average growth every year till
the Mission ends. Sub-Topic: Quarterly Employment
Survey
An export promotion council for technical
GS
textiles will be set up.

Fourth component: It will focus on education,
training and skill development. Explanation:
The Mission will promote technical education All statements are correct
at higher engineering and technology
levels related to technical textiles and its Privatization
application areas. De-nationalization is the transfer of the
Technical Textiles state ownership of the assets to the private
sector to the tune of 100 per cent. It is
Technical textiles are functional fabrics that privatization in its purest sense.
have applications across various industries
including automobiles, civil engineering If an asset has been sold out by the
and construction, agriculture, healthcare, government to the tune of only 49 per
industrial safety, personal protection etc. cent the ownership remains with the state
though it is considered Privatisation. It is
Based on usage, there are 12 technical textile also called disinvestment through minority
segments; Agrotech, Meditech, Buildtech, stake sale.
Mobiltech, Clothtech, Oekotech, Geotech,
Packtech, Hometech, Protech, Indutech and If the sale of shares of the state-owned
Sportech. assets has been to the tune of 51 per cent,
the ownership is really transferred to the
For example, ‘mobiltech’ refers to products
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 40
private sector even then it is termed as responsibility. The FRBM Act is passed by
privatisation. This is disinvestment through the Centre and the Fiscal Responsibility Act
majority stake sale. (FRAs) is followed by the states as an era
Strategic disinvestment would imply of new commitments to the fiscal prudence
the sale of substantial portion of the starts in the country.
Government shareholding of a central Greater Tax Devolution to the States: After
public sector enterprise (CPSE) of up to the second generation reforms started, we
50%, or such higher percentage as the see a visible change in the central policies
competent authority may determine, along favouring greater fiscal leverage to the
with transfer of management control. states. Even the process of tax reforms takes
the same dimension
Topic: Opening Up of economy
Topic: Economic Reforms
Sub-Topic: Privatization
Sub-Topic: Second generation reforms
Explanation:
Option (c) is correct: Interest Rate Explanation:
Deregulation was done during 1990’s, hence Statement 3 is incorrect: Businesses
RE

it is a first generation reform. export more, become more profitable, and
create new jobs.
Second Generation Reforms
The government launched the second Currency War
generation of reforms in 2000-01. Basically, A currency war is a tit-for-tat policy of official
the reforms India launched in the early currency devaluation aimed at improving
1990s were not taking place as desired and each nation’s foreign trade competitiveness
O
a need for another set of reforms was felt at the expense of other nations.
by the government which were initiated A currency war is when a country’s central
with the title of the Second Generation of bank uses expansionary monetary policies
economic reforms. to deliberately lower the value of its
SC
The reason for calling the latter set of national currency. This strategy is also
reforms SGR is that they followed the initial called competitive devaluation.
reforms which laid the foundation for the In 2010, Brazil’s Finance Minister Guido
reform process to deepen. Mantega coined the phrase “currency war.”
The major components of the reform are as He was describing the competition between
given below: China, Japan, and the United States where
Factor Market Reforms: It consists of each seemed to want the lowest currency
value. His country’s currency was suffering
GS
dismantling of the Administered Price

Mechanism (APM). There were many from a record-high monetary value, which
products in the economy whose prices were was hurting its economic growth.
fixed/regulated by the government, viz., Purpose
petroleum, sugar, fertilizers, drugs, etc.
Countries engage in currency wars to gain
Under market reforms these products were
a comparative advantage in international
to be brought into the market fold.
trade. When they devalue their currencies,
Legal Sector Reforms: Though reforms in they make their exports less expensive in
the legal sector were started in the first foreign markets. Businesses export more,
generation itself, now it was to be deepened become more profitable, and create new
and newer areas were to be included, such jobs. As a result, the country benefits from
as, abolishing outdated and contradictory stronger economic growth.
laws, reforms in the Indian Penal Code
Currency wars also encourage investment
(IPC) and Code of Criminal Procedure
in the nation’s assets. The stock market
(CrPC), Labour Laws, Company Laws and
becomes less expensive for foreign investors.
enacting suitable legal provisions for new
Foreign direct investment increases as
areas like Cyber Law, etc.
the country’s businesses become relatively
Fiscal Consolidation: The area of fiscal cheaper. Foreign companies may also buy
consolidation, though it was a major up natural resources.
coordinate of reform in India since 1991
itself, gets a constitutional commitment and
41
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
100. Correct Option: (a) External borrowing bring in foreign
currency/hard currency which gives extra
Explanation: edge to the government spending as by this
Option (a) is correct. the government may fulfill its developmental
requirements inside the country as well as
The correct order is:
from outside the country.
External Aids
It is preferred over the internal borrowings
External Borrowings due to ‘crowding out effect’.
Internal Borrowings Internal Borrowings come as the third
Printing Currency preferred route of fiscal deficit management.
But going for it in a huge way hampers the
Deficit Financing investment prospects of the public and the
Whenever the expenditure of the government corporate sector. It has the same impact on
exceeds its revenue then government the expenditure pattern in the economy.
envisage the process of deficit financing. Printing Currency is the last resort for the
So, the temporary arrangement of the funds government in managing its deficit. But it
through various methods is known as deficit has the biggest handicap that with it the
financing. government cannot go for the expenditures
Means of Deficit Financing in India which are to be made in the foreign currency.
RE
Even if the government is satisfied on this
The means of Deficit Financing are given
front, printing fresh currencies does have
below in order of their suggested and tried
other damaging effects on the economy:
preferences.
External Aids are the best money as a means
It increases inflation proportionally
to fulfill a government’s deficit requirements It brings in regular pressure and obligation
even if it is coming with soft interest. If they on the government for upward revision
O
are coming without interest nothing could in wages and salaries of government
be better. employees— ultimately increasing the
government expenditures necessitating
External Borrowings are the next best way
further printing of currency and further
to manage fiscal deficit with the condition
inflation—a vicious cycle into which
SC
that the external loans are comparatively
economies entangle themselves.
cheaper and long-term. Though external
loans are considered erosion in the nation’s Topic: Deficit Financing in India
sovereign decision making process, this has
its own benefit and is considered better than Sub-Topic: Means of Deficit Financing in
the internal borrowings due to two reasons: India
GS

PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 42
Test No.
IAS Prelims - 2023

19
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
lkekU; v/;;u
vFkZO;oLFkk fjfotu VsLV
Answer Key
Q. 1 (c) Q. 26 (b) Q. 51 (d) Q. 76 (b)

Q. 2 (d) Q. 27 (d) Q. 52 (d) Q. 77 (c)
Q. 3 (b) Q. 28 (d) Q. 53 (c) Q. 78 (c)
Q. 4 (c) Q. 29 (b) Q. 54 (a) Q. 79 (d)
Q. 5 (c) Q. 30 (c) Q. 55 (a) Q. 80 (c)
Q. 6 (b) Q. 31 (c) Q. 56 (b) Q. 81 (d)
Q. 7 (b) Q. 32 (a) Q. 57 (a) Q. 82 (a)
Q. 8 (c) Q. 33 (d) Q. 58 (d) Q. 83 (d)
Q. 9 (c) Q. 34 (a) Q. 59 (b) Q. 84 (b)
Q. 10 (c) Q. 35 (a) Q. 60 (c) Q. 85 (a)
Q. 11 (c) Q. 36 (d) Q. 61 (a) Q. 86 (d)
Q. 12 (b) Q. 37 (a) Q. 62 (c) Q. 87 (c)
Q. 13 (c) Q. 38 (c) Q. 63 (c) Q. 88 (b)
Q. 14 (c) Q. 39 (b) Q. 64 (c) Q. 89 (a)
Q. 15 (b) Q. 40 (d) Q. 65 (a) Q. 90 (c)
Q. 16 (c) Q. 41 (d) Q. 66 (d) Q. 91 (b)
Q. 17 (d) Q. 42 (d) Q. 67 (b) Q. 92 (d)
Q. 18 (c) Q. 43 (d) Q. 68 (c) Q. 93 (d)
Q. 19 (b) Q. 44 (a) Q. 69 (d) Q. 94 (a)
Q. 20 (d) Q. 45 (b) Q. 70 (d) Q. 95 (a)
Q. 21 (a) Q. 46 (a) Q. 71 (a) Q. 96 (a)
Q. 22 (b) Q. 47 (c) Q. 72 (b) Q. 97 (d)
Q. 23 (c) Q. 48 (a) Q. 73 (a) Q. 98 (c)
Q. 24 (c) Q. 49 (c) Q. 74 (d) Q. 99 (c)
Q. 25 (c) Q. 50 (b) Q. 75 (c) Q. 100 (a)
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
1. lgh fodYi% (c) ● IRDAI 10 lnL;h; fudk; gSA vè;{k ds vykok
blesa ikap iw.kZdkfyd lnL; vkSj pkj va'kdkfyd
O;k[;k% lnL; gksrs gSaA 1999 esa laln ds ,d vfèkfu;e ds
● nksuksa dFku lgh gSa rgr bldk xBu fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj ,tsalh dk
eq[;ky; gSnjkckn esa gSA
eqnzk xq.kd (Money Multiplier)
● eqnzk xq.kd ls ;g irk pyrk gS fd fdl çdkj IRDAI ds dk;Z vkSj drZO;
çkjafHkd tek jkf'k ls dqy èku vkiwÆr esa var esa ● IRDA vfèkfu;e] 1999 dh èkkjk 14 ds varxZr
vfèkd o`f) gksrh gSA IRDA ds drZO;ksa] 'kfä;ksa vkSj dk;ks± dks fuèkkZfjr
● bls ÞekSfæd xq.kdÞ Hkh dgk tkrk gSA ;g ml lcls fd;k x;k gS] tks fuEu çdkj ls gSaA
cM+h lhek dk çfrfufèkRo djrk gS ftl lhek rd ♦ chek daifu;ksa dk iathdj.k vkSj fofu;eu
tek jkf'k dh ek=k esa ifjorZu ls èku vkiwÆr çHkkfor
gks ldrh gSA ♦ i‚fylhèkkjdksa ds fgrksa dh j{kk djuk
● ;g tek esa deh vkSj@;k o`f) ds lacaèk esa èku vkiwÆr ♦ chek fcpkSfy;ksa ds fy, ykblsaÇlx vkSj ekunaM
esa deh vkSj@;k o`f) ds vuqikr dh igpku djrk LFkkfir djuk
gSA ♦ chek esa is'ksoj laxBuksa dks c<+kok nsuk
RE
● èku vkiwÆr xq.kd çHkko fdlh ns'k dh cSaÇdx ç.kkyh ♦ xSj&thou chek i‚fylh dh çhfe;e njksa vkSj
esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA cSad }kjk _.k nsus esa o`f) ls 'krks± dk fofu;eu vkSj fujh{k.k djuk
ns'k dh èku vkiwÆr dk Hkh foLrkj gksuk pkfg,A
♦ chek daifu;ksa ds foÙkh; fjiksÉVx ekunaMksa dks
● xq.kd dk vkdkj] ml tek jkf'k ds çfr'kr ij fuHkZj fuÆn"V djuk
djrk gS ftls cSadksa dks HkaMkj ds :i esa j[kus dh
♦ chek daifu;ksa }kjk i‚fylhèkkjdksa dh fufèk;ksa ds
vko';drk gksrh gSA tc vkjf{kr vuqikr esa deh dh
fuos'k dks fofu;fer djuk
O
tkrh gS] rks èku vkiwÆr vkjf{kr xq.kd c<+ tkrk gS
vkSj blds foifjr fLFkfr esa mYVk gksrk gSA ♦ chek daifu;ksa dh nkok fuiVku {kerk (solvency
● cM+s iSekus ij vFkZO;oLFkk ij fopkj djus ij] fuos'k margin) dk j[kj[kko lqfuf'pr djuk
esa ifjorZu ls okLrfod ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa ♦ xzkeh.k {ks=ksa vkSj lekt ds detksj oxks± esa chek
SC
ifjorZu dks Hkkx nsus ij xq.kd çkIr gksrk gSA fuos'k dojst lqfuf'pr djuk
esa ljdkjh [kpZ] futh fuos'k] dj] C;kt njsa vkSj fo"k;% chek fu;ked fudk;
cgqr dqN 'kkfey gks ldrs gSaA mi&fo"k;% Hkkjrh; chek fofu;ked vkSj fodkl
● vfèkdka'k vFkZ'kkL=h eqnzk xq.kd dks vkjf{kr M‚yj çkfèkdj.k
ds lanHkZ esa ns[krs gSa vkSj ;gh eqnzk xq.kd lw= ij
vkèkkfjr gSA lS)kafrd :i ls] blls èku (vkiwÆr) 3. lgh fodYi% (b)
vkjf{kr xq.kd lw= çkIr gksrk gS%
GS
O;k[;k%
● ,e,lvkj,e (MSRM) = 1/vkjvkjvkj (RRR)
● dFku (b) lgh mÙkj gS% ,d {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSad dh
tgka%
bfDoVh dsaæ ljdkj] lacafèkr jkT; ljdkj vkSj
♦ MSRM = èku vkiÆr vkjf{kr xq.kd çk;kstd cSad ds ikl 50%15%35 ds vuqikr esa gksrh
♦ RRR = vko';d vkjf{kr vuqikr gSA
fo"k;% èku vkiwÆr
mi&fo"k;% eqnzk xq.kd {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSad
● {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSad (RRB) ,sls foÙkh; laLFkku gSa
2. lgh fodYi% (d) tks —f"k vkSj vU; xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds fy, i;kZIr _.k
lqfuf'pr djrs gSaA
O;k[;k%
● {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSadksa dh LFkkiuk ujflEge oÉdx
● lHkh dFku lgh gSa xzqi (1975) dh flQkfj'kksa ds vkèkkj ij vkSj {ks=h;
Hkkjrh; chek fofu;ked vkSj fodkl çkfèkdj.k (IRDAI) xzkeh.k cSad vfèkfu;e] 1976 ds dkuwuksa ds ckn dh
xÃ FkhA
● Hkkjrh; chek fofu;ked vkSj fodkl çkfèkdj.k
(IRDAI) ,d Lok;Ùk vkSj oSèkkfud fudk; gS tks ● igyk {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSad ÞçFke xzkeh.k cSadÞ 2
Hkkjr esa chek vkSj iqucÊek m|ksx ds çcaèku vkSj vDVwcj 1975 dks [kksyk x;k FkkA orZeku esa Hkkjr esa
fofu;eu ds fy, ftEesnkj gSA 82 {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSad gSaA
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 2
● ,d {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSad dh bfDoVh dsaæ ljdkj] ● dFku 3 xyr gS% foÙkh; lekos'ku ij xfBr ufpdsr
lacafèkr jkT; ljdkj vkSj çk;kstd cSad ds ikl eksj lfefr }kjk SFBs dh flQkfj'k dh xÃ FkhA
50%15%35 ds vuqikr esa gksrh gSA
y?kq foÙk cSad (SFBs)
● {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSad esa lgdkjh vkSj okf.kfT;d cSad
nksuksa dh fo'ks"krk,a ikÃ tkrh gSaA ● y?kq foÙk cSad bs foÙkh; laLFkku gSa tks _.k nsus vkSj
tek djus dh cqfu;knh cSaÇdx xfrfofèk;ksa ds ekè;e
● xzkeh.k leL;kvksa ls ifjfpr gksus ds lanHkZ esa ;g
ls oafpr oxks± dh foÙkh; t:jrksa dks iwjk djus dk
,d lgdkjh cSad ds :i esa dke djrk gS vkSj
mís'; j[krs gSaA
O;kolkf;drk vkSj foÙkh; lalkèkuksa dks tqVkus dh
{kerk ds lanHkZ esa ,d okf.kfT;d cSad ds :i esaA ● buesa xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa LFkkfir y?kq O;olk; bdkb;ka]
çR;sd RRB ljdkj }kjk vfèklwfpr LFkkuh; lhekvksa NksVs vkSj lhekar fdlku] vlaxfBr laLFkk,¡ vkSj lw{e
ds Hkhrj dke djrk gSA vkSj y?kq m|ksx 'kkfey gSaA
● RRB dk eq[; mís'; xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa fo'ks"k :i ls ● y?kq foÙk cSadksa dh LFkkiuk nwjLFk vkSj oafpr {ks=ksa esa
NksVs vkSj lhekar fdlkuksa] [ksfrgj etnwjksa] dkjhxjksa cSad jfgr vkcknh rd igqapus ds fy, dh xÃA
vkSj NksVs m|fe;ksa dks _.k vkSj vU; lqfoèkk,a çnku
djuk gS] rkfd xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa _.k dh [kkÃ dks ikVk y?kq foÙk cSadksa dh fo'ks"krk,a
tk ldsA blds vykok] xzkeh.k {ks=ksa dh tek jkf'k ● y?kq foÙk cSadksa ds fy, ;g vfuok;Z gS fd os viuh
RE
dks 'kgjh {ks=ksa dh vksj tkus ls jksdk tk lds] {ks=h; de ls de 25 çfr'kr 'kk[kk,a cSad jfgr nwjLFk vkSj
vlarqyu dks de fd;k tk lds vkSj xzkeh.k jkstxkj xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa LFkkfir djsaA
l`tu esa o`f) dh tk ldsA ● SBFs ds fy, 100 djksM+ #i;s dh U;wure iwath
● {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSadksa dks Hkh okf.kfT;d cSadksa ds leku gksuk vko';d gSA
çkFkfedrk okys {ks= dks _.k nsus ds nk;js esa yk;k
● y?kq foÙk cSadksa dks vkjchvkÃ }kjk fuèkkZfjr fu;eksa
x;k gSA
vkSj fofu;eksa dk ikyu djuk gksrk gSA bu fu;eksa
●
O
çkFkfedrk okys {ks= dks mèkkj nsus dh ;kstuk cukÃ esa CRR ;k udn vkjf{kr vuqikr vkSj SLR ;k
xÃ gS] rkfd cSaÇdx ç.kkyh ls lgk;rk vFkZO;oLFkk oSèkkfud rjyrk vuqikr cuk, j[kuk 'kkfey gSA
ds egRoiw.kZ {ks=ksa esa c<+rh ek=k esa vkSj jk"Vªh;
● y?kq foÙk cSad E;wpqvy QaM] chek mRiknksa vkSj isa'ku
çkFkfedrkvksa ds vuqlkj çokfgr gksA
SC
mRiknksa ds forj.k tSlh xfrfofèk;ka Hkh dj ldrs gSa]
● —f"k] y?kq O;olk;] vkokl] [kqnjk O;kikj] f'k{kk tSls ysfdu vkjchvkÃ ls vuqeksnu ds ckn ghA
{ks=ksa dks Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad }kjk çkFkfedrk {ks= ds
● lkFk gh] SFBs vius xzkgdksa dh vko';drkvksa ds
:i esa oxÊ—r fd;k x;k gS vkSj cSadksa }kjk bu {ks=ksa
vuqlkj fons'kh eqæk dkjksckj esa Hkh 'kkfey gks ldrs
dks ,d fuèkkZfjr jkf'k mèkkj nh tkuh gSA
gSaA
● fn'kkfunsZ'kksa ds vuqlkj] ?kjsyw cSadksa dks ;g lqfuf'pr
djuk gksxk fd muds vfxzeksa dk pkyhl çfr'kr ● lHkh y?kq foÙk cSad mèkkj vkSj tek dh ewyHkwr
GS
çkFkfedrk okys {ks= ds fy, vkjf{kr gksA xfrfofèk;ksa dks vatke nsrs gSa] tSls _.k nsuk vkSj
tek jkf'k Lohdkj djukA gkykafd] tks ckr bu
● 40% çkFkfedrk y{; ds Hkhrj] 25% detksj oxZ mRiknksa dks lcls vyx cukrh gS og ;g gS fd
dks tkuk pkfg, ;k muds dqy vfxzeksa dk 10% SFBs dks vius mRiknksa dks çkFkfedrk okys {ks=
detksj oxZ dks tkuk pkfg,A dh vksj vfèkd è;ku dsafær djus dh vko';drk
● çkFkfedrk çkIr {ks= _.k mís';ksa ds varxZr detksj gksrh gS] ftlesa xjhc yksxksa dks vkokl ds fy, èku
oxks± esa vuqlwfpr tkfr] vuqlwfpr tutkfr] NksVs dh lqfoèkk] —f"k vkSj lac) xfrfofèk;ksa ds fy, _.k
vkSj lhekar fdlku] dkjhxj vkSj Lo;a lgk;rk lewg nsuk] lw{e vkSj y?kq m|ksxksa] ,oa lekt ds detksj
'kkfey gSaA oxZ dks foÙk iks"k.k 'kkfey gSaA
fo"k;% cSadksa ds çdkj ● bu funsZ'kksa dks vkjchvkÃ }kjk fofu;fer fd;k tkrk
mi&fo"k;% {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSad gS tks y?kq foÙk cSadksa dks fuEufyf[kr mRiknksa miyCèk
djkus dh vuqefr nsrk gS%
4. lgh fodYi% (c)
♦ tek& lHkh y?kq foÙk cSad lkofèk vkSj vkorÊ
O;k[;k% tek dh lqfoèkk çnku djrs gSaA bu cSadksa }kjk
● dFku 2 xyr gS% y?kq foÙk cSadksa (Small Finance lkofèk vkSj vkorÊ tek ij yh tkus okyh C;kt
Banks) ds fy, ;g vfuok;Z gS fd os viuh de njsa fu;fer cSadksa dh rqyuk esa fèkd gksrh gSaA
ls de 25 çfr'kr 'kk[kkvksa dks nwj&njkt ds vkSj bl çdkj] y?kq foÙk cSad esa lkofèk tek djus ls
xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa LFkkfir djsaA vkidks vfèkd ykHk fey ldrk gSA
3 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
♦ _.k& lHkh y?kq foÙk cSad O;fäxr] vkokl vkSj ● pwafd fuekZ.k pj.k ds nkSjku] ljdkj dsoy 40% dk
v‚Vks _.k tSls [kqnjk _.k mRikn miyCèk djkrs Hkqxrku djrh gS] rks Msoyij dks 'ks"k jkf'k dk çcaèk
gSaA bu cSadksa dks vius lek;ksftr 'kq) ykHk djuk iM+rk gSA
(Adjusted Net profit) dk 75% çkFkfedrk ● ;gka] mls 'ks"k 60% bfDoVh ;k _.k ds :i esa
okys {ks= ds fy, nsuk vko';d gSA blds vykok] tqVkuk gksxkA
25 yk[k #i;s rd dk 50% _.k fn;k tkuk
● blesa] Vksy VSDl olwyh dk vfèkdkj Msoyij dks ugÈ
pkfg,A feyrk gSA HAM ds varxZr] jktLo laxzg.k Hkkjrh;
♦ vU; mRikn& y?kq foÙk cSad vU; mRiknksa ds jk"Vªh; jktekxZ çkfèkdj.k (NHAI) djrk gSA
lkFk&lkFk E;qpqvy QaM] isa'ku mRikn] chek
mRikn] fons'kh eqæk] MsfcV dkMZ] cpr vkSj pkyw iêk&fodkl&ifjpkyu (LDO)
[kkrk tek dh lqfoèkk Hkh miyCèk djkrs gSaA ● bl çdkj ds fuos'k e‚My esa ;k rks ljdkj ;k
fo"k;% cSadksa ds çdkj lkoZtfud {ks= dh laLFkk uo fuÆer cqfu;knh <kapk
mi&fo"k;% y?kq foÙk cSad lqfoèkk dk LokfeRo j[krh gS vkSj futh çeksVj ls iês
ds le>kSrs ds vuqlkj Hkqxrku çkIr djrh gSA
5. lgh fodYi% (c) ● gokÃ vìs ls lacafèkr lqfoèkkvksa ds fodkl esa
vfèkdka'kr% bldk ikyu fd;k tkrk gSA
O;k[;k%
RE
● fodYi (c) lgh gS% iêk&fodkl&ifjpkyu (LDO) fMtkbu&fuekZ.k&ifjpkyu&gLrkarj.k (DBFOT)
e‚My esa] ;k rks ljdkj ;k lkoZtfud {ks= dh bdkÃ ● bl e‚My esa] fj;k;r dh vofèk rd ifj;kstuk
ds ikl uo fuÆer cqfu;knh <kapk lqfoèkk dk LokfeRo ds fMtkbu] fuekZ.k] foÙk vkSj ifjpkyu dh iwjh
gksrk gS vkSj futh çeksVj ls iês ds le>kSrs ds ftEesnkjh futh i{k dh gksrh gSA
vuqlkj Hkqxrku çkIr djrs gSaA fo"k;% volajpuk esa fuos'k
O
mi&fo"k;% fuos'k e‚My
fuekZ.k&ifjpkyu&gLrkarj.k (BOT)
● ;g ikjaifjd PPP e‚My gS ftlesa futh {ks=d 6. lgh fodYi% (b)
ds Hkkxhnkj fMtkbu] fuekZ.k] ifjpkyu (vuqcaèk dh
O;k[;k%
SC
vofèk ds nkSjku) vkSj lqfoèkk dks lkoZtfud {ks= esa
okil LFkkukarfjr djus ds fy, ftEesnkj gSA ● dFku 1 xyr gS% APA] vkerkSj ij ,d djnkrk
vkSj fdlh VSDl çkfèkdj.k ds chp ,d vuqcaèk
● futh {ks=d ds Hkkxhnkj dks ifj;kstuk ds fy, iwath gSA blds ekè;e ls] gLrkarj.k ewY; fuèkkZj.k fofèk
tqVkuk gksrk gS vkSj blds fuekZ.k vkSj j[kj[kko dh dks fuèkkZfjr fd;k tkrk gSA bl fofèk dk mi;ksx
ftEesnkjh ysuh gksrh gSA djds] vkxkeh o"kks± ds fy, lacafèkr m|eksa (AEs) ls
● lkoZtfud {ks=d] futh {ks=d ds Hkkxhnkj dks djnkrk ds gksus okys varjkZ"Vªh; ysu&nsuksa dk ewY;
GS
mi;ksxdrkZvksa ls jktLo ,d= djus dh vuqefr fuèkkZj.k fd;k tkrk gSA

nsrk gSA PPP eksM ds varxZr NHAI }kjk vuqcafèkr ● dFku 3 xyr gS% APA dh vofèk vfèkdre 5 o"kZ gks
jk"Vªh; jktekxZ ifj;kstuk,a BOT e‚My dk ,d eq[; ldrh gSA bldh dksÃ U;wure vofèk ugÈ gksrh gSA
mnkgj.k gSA
vfxze ewY; fuèkkZj.k le>kSrk (APA)
gkbfczM&,U;wVh&e‚My (HAM) ● APA] vkerkSj ij ,d djnkrk vkSj fdlh VSDl
● Hkkjr esa u;k HAM] BOT ,U;wVh vkSj EPC e‚My çkfèkdj.k ds chp ,d vuqcaèk gSA blds ekè;e ls]
dk feJ.k gSA ;kstuk ds vuqlkj] ljdkj okÆ"kd gLrkarj.k ewY; fuèkkZj.k fofèk dks fuèkkZfjr fd;k tkrk
Hkqxrku (,U;wVh&Annuity) ds ekè;e ls igys ikap gSA bl fofèk dk mi;ksx djds] vkxkeh o"kks± ds fy,
o"kks± esa ifj;kstuk ykxr dk 40% Hkqxrku djsxhA djnkrk ds varjkZ"Vªh; ysu&nsuksa dk ewY; fuèkkZj.k
fd;k tkrk gSA
● 'ks"k Hkqxrku] l`ftr laifÙk;ksa vkSj Msoyij ds çn'kZu
ds vkèkkj ij fd;k tk,xkA ● dqN fu;eksa vkSj 'krks± (ftUgsa egRoiw.kZ èkkj.kk,a dgk
tkrk gS) dks iwjk fd, tkus ds vkèkkj ij bl fofèk
● ;gka] gkbfczM ,U;wVh dk eryc gS fd igys 40% dks ,d fuf'pr vofèk ds fy, ykxw fd;k tkrk gSA
dk Hkqxrku ikap leku fd'rksa esa fuf'pr jkf'k ds
:i esa fd;k tkrk gS] tcfd 'ks"k 60% dk Hkqxrku ● APA ,di{kh;] f}i{kh; ;k cgqi{kh; gks ldrk gSA
ifj;kstuk ds iwjk gksus ds ckn l`tfr laifÙk ds ewY; ♦ ,di{kh; APA% ,slk APA ftlesa dsoy
ds vkèkkj ij ifjorZuh; okÆ"kdh jkf'k ds :i esa fd;k djnkrk vkSj ml ns'k dk VSDl çkfèkdj.k 'kkfey
tkrk gSA gksrk gS tgka djnkrk fLFkr gSA
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 4
♦ f}i{kh; APA (BAPA)% ,slk APA ftlesa 7. lgh fodYi% (b)
djnkrk] fons'k esa djnkrk ds lac) m|e (AE)]
O;k[;k%
ml ns'k ds VSDl çkfèkdj.k tgka djnkrk fLFkr
gS] vkSj fons'kh VSDl çkfèkdj.k 'kkfey gksrs gSaA ● dFku 1 xyr gS% ySafxd vlekurk lwpdkad rhu
ekudksa& çtuu LokLF;] l'kähdj.k vkSj Je cktkj
♦ cgqi{kh; APA(MAPA)% ,slk APA ftlesa
dk mi;ksx djrk gSA
djnkrk] fofHkUu fons'kh ns'kksa esa djnkrk ds nks
;k nks ls vfèkd lac) m|e] ml ns'k dk VSd~ ySafxd vlekurk lwpdkad (GII)
çkfèkdj.k tgka djnkrk fLFkr gS] vkSj AEs ds
● GII rhu ekudksa dk mi;ksx djds ySafxd vlekurk
VSDl çkfèkdj.k 'kkfey gksrs gSaA
dh ,d lexz eki çLrqr djrk gS%
● APA ls fuEufyf[kr ykHk çkIr gksrs gSa&
♦ çtuu LokLF;]
♦ igys gh bl ckr ds fy, lgefr fey tkrh gS fd
♦ l'kähdj.k vkSj
APA ds varxZr vkus okys djnkrk ds varjkZ"Vªh;
ysu&nsuksa ij dksÃ fof'k"V ewY; fuèkkZj.k fofèk@ ♦ Je cktkjA
fofèk;ka ykxw gksaxhA blls] djnkrk ds varjjk"Vªh; ● GII dk eku de gksus dk vFkZ gS fd efgykvksa vkSj
ysunsu ds dj ifj.kke ds lacaèk esa fuf'prrk iq#"kksa ds chp vlekurk de gS vkSj GII dk eku
RE
vkrh gS( vfèkd gksus dk vFkZ vlekurk vfèkd gSA
♦ v‚fMV ds [krjs (v‚fMV dh dBksjrk dks de ● lsB (2009) }kjk lq>k, x, la?k&laosnu'khy
djuk) de gksrs gSa vkSj le>kSrs dh 'krks± ds vlekurk eki dk mi;ksx djds GII ds ekuksa dh
vkèkkj ij ,d fo'ks"k dj ifj.kke çkIr gksrk gS( x.kuk dh tkrh gS] ftldk vFkZ gS fd ;g lwpdkad]
♦ APA dh vofèk esa vuqikyu ykxr esa Hkkjh deh fofHkUu Øeksa ds lkekU; ekè;ksa dk lkekU; ekè; ij
gksrh gS( rFkk vkèkkfjr gksrk gSA igys] fofHkUu ekudksa dk T;kfefr;
O
♦ VSDl çkfèkdj.k ds fy,] APA ls ç'kklu dh
ekè;e çkIr fd;k tkrk gSA efgykvksa vkSj iq#"kksa ds
fy, bu ekè;ksa dh x.kuk vyx&vyx dh tkrh gSA
ykxr de gksrh gS vkSj nqyZHk lalkèkuksa dk Hkh
mlds ckn lHkh Çyx dk lkewfgd ekè; çkIr fd;k
mi;ksx ugÈ djuk iM+rkA ifj.kkeLo:i] APA
tkrk gSA
SC
lHkh fgrèkkjdksa ds fy, ykHknk;d fLFkfr mRiUu
djrk gSA fo"k;% varjkZ"Vªh; fjiksVZ vkSj lwpdkad
mi&fo"k;% ySafxd vlekurk lwpdkad
♦ APA ds fy, vkosnu djus ds ik= gksus ds fy,
djnkrk dks dksÃ ekSfæd lhek ;k vU; fuèkkZfjr
8. lgh fodYi% (c)
ekunaMksa dk iwjk ugÈ djuk iM+rkA
♦ vfèkfu;e vkSj ;kstuk ds çkoèkkuksa ds varxZr] O;k[;k%
GS
APA ds ekè;e ls fof'k"V fofèk;ksa esa ls fdlh ● dFku 1 xyr gS% ekax esa deh tfur (fMekaM iqy)
fofèk dk mi;ksx djds ewY; fuèkkZfjr fd;k tk eqækLQhfr ds ekeys esa vFkZO;oLFkk esa lexz mRiknu
ldrk gSA fdlh vU; fofèk dk mi;ksx Hkh fd;k esa fxjkoV ugÈ vkrh gSA
tk ldrk gS ftlesa vko';drk ds vuqlkj
lek;kstu ;k cnyko fd;k tk ldrk gSA eqækLQhfr
♦ dksÃ Hkh djnkrk ftlus varjjk"Vªh; ysunsu fd;k ● fMekaM iqy eqækLQhfr vkSj d‚LV iq'k (dherksa esa
gS ;k varjjk"Vªh; ysunsu djus ij fopkj dj jgk c<+ksÙkjh tfur) eqækLQhfr ds chp lcls egRoiw.kZ
gS] og APA ds fy, vkosnu djus dk ik= gSA varj ;g gS fd fMekaM iqy eqækLQhfr ds ekeys esa
vFkZO;oLFkk esa lexz mRiknu ugÈ fxjrk gSA
♦ APA çfØ;k] djnkrk vkSj CBDT ds chp
lgefr ds vuqlkj yxkrkj ikap lky ;k mlls ● tcfd] d‚LV iq'k eqækLQhfr ds ekeys esa] dherksa esa
de dh vofèk ds fy, nksuksa i{kksa ij dkuwuh :i o`f) ds lkFk&lkFk vFkZO;oLFkk dk mRiknu Lrj Hkh
ls ckè;dkjh gSA fu;fer gLrkarj.k ewY; fuèkkZj.k fxjrk gSA
dk ys[kk ijh{k.k (audit) lky nj lky vkèkkj ● vkmViqV esa fxjkoV ls o`f) esa fxjkoV ds lkFk&lkFk
ij fd;k tkrk gSA APA fuf'prrk çnku djrk vFkZO;oLFkk esa jkstxkj Hkh fxjsxkA
gS vkSj eqdnesckth dks de djrk gSA ● c<+rh dherksa ds lkFk fxjrh o`f)] d‚LV iq'k
fo"k;% ewY; fuèkkZj.k O;oLFkk eqækLQhfr dks fMekaM iqy eqækLQhfr dh rqyuk esa
mi&fo"k;% vfxze ewY; fuèkkZj.k le>kSrk vfèkd [krjukd cukrh gSA
5 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
● fxjrh o`f) vkSj jkstxkj ds lkFk c<+rh dherksa dh ● xSj cSaÇdx foÙkh; dEiuh Hkqxrku vkSj fuiVku ç.kkyh
fLFkfr dks LVSx¶ys'ku dgk tkrk gSA dk fgLlk ugÈ gSa vkSj Lo;a ij vkgfjr psd tkjh
● viLQhfr% viLQhfr rc gksrh gS tc vFkZO;oLFkk esa ugÈ dj ldrh gSaA
dqN le; vofèk ds fy, lexz ewY; Lrj fxj tkrk ● tek chek vkSj _.k xkjaVh fuxe dh tek chek
gSA lqfoèkk] xSj cSaÇdx foÙkh; dEiuh ds tekdrkZvksa ds
● voLQhfr% voLQhfr ,d ,slh fLFkfr gS ftlesa dqN fy, miyCèk ugÈ gSA
le; vofèk ds fy, eqækLQhfr dh nj fxj tkrh gSA fo"k;% foÙkh; laLFkkuksa ds çdkj
bl varj dks ;kn j[ksa( voLQhfr rc gksrh gS tc mi&fo"k;% xSj cSaÇdx foÙkh; dEiuh
eqækLQhfr dh nj fxjrh gS tSls fd 5% ls fxjdj
3% gks tkrh gSA 10. lgh fodYi% (c)
● gsMykbu eqækLQhfr eki] vFkZO;oLFkk esa lexz O;k[;k%
eqækLQhfr dks n'kkZrk gSA
● nksuksa dFku lgh gSa
● blds foijhr] eq[; eqækLQhfr eki] eqækLQhfr
lwpdkad ls vR;fèkd vfLFkj [kk| vkSj b±èku ?kVdksa fxuh xq.kkad
dh dherksa dks ckgj j[krs gSaA ● fxuh xq.kkad] tks yksjsat oØ ls fy;k x;k gS] dk
fo"k;% eqækLQhfr mi;ksx fdlh ns'k esa vkÆFkd fodkl ds ladsrd ds
RE
mi&fo"k;% eqækLQhfr ds çdkj :i esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA
● fxuh xq.kkad tula[;k esa vk; lekurk dh fMxzh dks
9. lgh fodYi% (c) ekirk gSA
O;k[;k% ● fxuh xq.kkad 0 (iw.kZ lekurk) ls 1 (iw.kZ vlekurk)
● dFku 2 xyr gS% xSj cSaÇdx foÙkh; dEifu;ka rd fHkUu gks ldrk gSA
O
(NBFCs) Hkqxrku vkSj fuiVku ç.kkyh dk fgLlk ● 'kwU; fxuh xq.kkad dk vFkZ gS fd gj fdlh dh leku
ugÈ gSa vkSj os Lo;a ij vkgfjr fd, tkus okys psd vk; gS] tcfd 1 dk xq.kkad lHkh vk; ,d gh O;fä
tkjh ugÈ dj ldrh gSa( dks çkIr gksus dk fu#i.k djrk gSA
SC
xSj cSaÇdx foÙkh; dEifu;ka (NBFCs) yksjsat oØ
● xSj cSaÇdx foÙkh; dEiuh] daiuh vfèkfu;e] 1956 ds ● yksjsat oØ dks lhèkh fod.kZ js[kk }kjk n'kkZ;k tkrk gS]
rgr iath—r daiuh gksrh gSA tks vk; ;k èku forj.k esa iw.kZ lekurk dk fu#i.k
djrh gS( yksjsat oØ blds uhps fLFkr gksrk gS] tks
● ;g _.k vkSj vfxze] ljdkj ;k LFkkuh; çkfèkdj.k
vuqekfur forj.k fn[kkrk gSA og {ks= tks lhèkh js[kk
}kjk tkjh 'ks;jksa @ LV‚d @ c‚UM @ fMcsapj @
vkSj oØ js[kk ds chp gS] fxuh xq.kkad gSA
çfrHkwfr;ksa ds vfèkxzg.k ;k blh rjg dh ç—fr dh
GS
vU; foi.ku ;ksX; çfrHkwfr;ksa] iês] fdjk;k&[kjhn] ● fxuh xq.kkad Lo;a vlekurk ds vfn'k eki ds fu#i.k
chek O;olk;] fpV O;olk; ds O;olk; esa layXu ds :i esa O;ä fd;k tkrk gSA
gksrh gSA ● yksjsat oØ esa] fxuh xq.kkad dks lhèkh js[kk ds uhps ds
● ysfdu] blesa ,slh dksÃ laLFkk 'kkfey ugÈ gS ftldk {ks= ds vuqikr ds :i esa O;ä fd;k tkrk gS
çeq[k O;olk; —f"k xfrfofèk] vkS|ksfxd xfrfofèk] ● y‚jsat oØ dk mi;ksx vkÆFkd vlekurk ds
fdlh Hkh oLrq dh [kjhn ;k fcØh (çfrHkwfr;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk vleku èku forj.k dk fu#i.k djus ds
vykok) ;k dksÃ lsok çnku djuk vkSj vpy laifÙk fy, fd;k tkrk gSA lhèkh fod.kZ js[kk ls oØ js[kk
dh fcØh @ [kjhn @ fuekZ.k gSA ftruh nwj gksrh gS] vlekurk dk Lrj mruk gh
● ,d xSj&cSaÇdx laLFkku tks ,d daiuh gS vkSj fdlh vfèkd gksrk gSA
Hkh ;kstuk ;k O;oLFkk ds rgr ,deq'r ;k fdLrksa fo"k;% vk; ekius ds fofHkUu midj.k
esa ;ksxnku ds ekè;e ls ;k fdlh vU; rjhds ls mi&fo"k;% fxuh xq.kkad vkSj yksjsat oØ
tek çkIr djus dk çeq[k O;olk; djrk gS] og Hkh
,d xSj&cSaÇdx foÙkh; daiuh (vof'k"V xSj&cSaÇdx 11. lgh fodYi% (c)
daiuh) gSA
O;k[;k%
xSj cSaÇdx foÙkh; dEifu;ksa dh fo'ks"krk,a% ● dFku 2 xyr gS% Hkkjr esa xjhch js[kk dk vkdyu
● xSj cSaÇdx foÙkh; dEiuh] fMekaM fMi‚ftV Lohdkj miHkksx O;; ij vkèkkfjr gS] u fd vk; ds Lrjksa
ugÈ dj ldrh gSA ijA
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 6
xjhch dk vkdyu ekSleh csjkstxkjh%
● Hkkjr esa xjhch dk vuqeku yxkus ds fy, bLrseky ● ;g ,d csjkstxkjh gS tks o"kZ ds dqN ekSleksa ds nkSjku
fd;k tkus okyk ,d lkekU; rjhdk vk; ;k miHkksx gksrh gSA
ds Lrj ij vkèkkfjr gS vkSj ;fn vk; ;k [kir fdlh ● Hkkjr esa [ksfrgj et+nwjksa ds ikl 'kk;n gh dHkh iwjs
fn, x, U;wure Lrj ls uhps vkrh gS] rks ifjokj dks lky dke gksrk gSA
xjhch js[kk ls uhps (BPL) dgk tkrk gSA
● xjhch js[kk dh x.kuk% Hkkjr esa xjhch dk vkdyu lajpukRed csjkstxkjh%
vc uhfr vk;ksx ds VkLd QkslZ }kjk lkaf[;dh vkSj ● ;g cktkj esa miyCèk ukSdfj;ksa vkSj cktkj esa miyCèk
dk;ZØe dk;kZUo;u ea=ky; (MOSPI) ds rgr Jfedksa ds dkS'ky ds chp csesy ls mRiUu csjkstxkjh
jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k dk;kZy; }kjk dSIpj fd, x, dh ,d Js.kh gSA
vkadM+ksa ds vkèkkj ij xjhch js[kk dh x.kuk ds ekè;e ● Hkkjr esa cgqr ls yksxksa dks visf{kr dkS'ky dh deh
ls fd;k tkrk gSA ds dkj.k ukSdjh ugÈ feyrh gS vkSj [kjkc f'k{kk Lrj
ds dkj.k] mUgsa çf'kf{kr djuk eqf'dy gks tkrk gSA
MsVk laxzg fofèk;k¡
● ;wfuQ‚eZ fjlkslZ ihfj;M (URP): 1993&94 rd] pØh; csjkstxkjh%
xjhch js[kk URP MsVk ij vkèkkfjr Fkh] ftlesa yksxksa ● ;g O;kikj pØ dk ifj.kke gS] tgka eanh ds nkSjku
RE
ls 30&fnolh; fjd‚y vofèk esa muds miHkksx O;; csjkstxkjh c<+rh gS vkSj vkÆFkd fodkl ds lkFk
ds ckjs esa iwNk tkrk Fkk] ;kuh ;g tkudkjh fiNys csjkstxkjh esa fxjkoV vkrh gSA
30 fnuksa esa fd, x, miHkksx O;; dks crk, tkus ij ● Hkkjr esa pØh; csjkstxkjh ds vkadM+s ux.; gSaA ;g ,d
vkèkkfjr FkhA ,slh ?kVuk gS tks T;knkrj iwathoknh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa
● feDLM fjQjsal ihfj;M (MRP)% 1999&2000 ds ikÃ tkrh gSA
ckn ls] jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k dk;kZy; (NSSO) us
O
MRP i)fr viukuk 'kq: fd;k] tks fiNys o"kZ dh ?k"kZ.k csjkstxkjh%
rqyuk esa ikap de vko`fÙk okyh oLrqvksa (diM+s] twrs] ● ?k"kZ.k csjkstxkjh ftls [kkst csjkstxkjh Hkh dgk tkrk
fVdkÅ lkeku] f'k{kk vkSj laLFkkxr LokLF; O;;) gS] ukSdfj;ksa ds chp le; varjky dks lanÆHkr djrk
dh [kir dks ekirh gS] vkSj fiNys 30 fnuksa esa vU; gS tc dksÃ O;fä uÃ ukSdjh dh ryk'k dj jgk gksrk
SC
lHkh oLrqvksa dh [kir dks ekirh gSA gS ;k ukSdfj;ksa dks jgk gksrk gSA
● dgus dk vFkZ ;g gS fd ikap enksa ds fy,] losZ{k.k ● nwljs 'kCnksa esa] ,d deZpkjh dks uÃ ukSdjh dh [kkst
mÙkjnkrkvksa ls fiNys ,d o"kZ esa [kir ds ckjs esa djus ;k ekStwnk ls uÃ ukSdjh esa LFkkukarfjr gksus
iwNk tkrk gSA 'ks"k oLrqvksa ds fy,] muls fiNys 30 ds fy, le; dh vko';drk gksrh gS] le; dh ;g
fnuksa esa [kir ds ckjs esa iwNk tkrk gS vifjgk;Z nsjh ?k"kZ.k csjkstxkjh dk dkj.k curh gSA
fo"k;% xjhch vkdyu bls vDlj LoSfPNd csjkstxkjh ds :i esa ekuk tkrk
GS
mi&fo"k;% xjhch vkdyu ds rjhds gS D;ksafd ;g ukSdjh dh deh ds dkj.k ugÈ gksrh gS]
cfYd okLro esa] Jfed [kqn csgrj voljksa dh ryk'k
12. lgh fodYi% (b) esa viuh ukSdjh NksM+ nsrs gSaA
● csjkstxkjh dk tky ,d ,slh fLFkfr gS tc csjkstxkjh
O;k[;k% ykHk csjkstxkjksa dks dke ij tkus ds fy, grksRlkfgr
● dFku 1 xyr gS% ?k"kZ.k csjkstxkjh ftls [kkst csjkstxkjh djrs gSaA tc dksÃ dqN Hkh ugÈ djds ykHk dk vkuan
Hkh dgk tkrk gS] ukSdfj;ksa ds chp le; varjky dks ys ldrk gS rks yksxksa dks dke ij tkus dh volj
lanÆHkr djrh gS tc dksÃ O;fä uÃ ukSdjh dh ykxr cgqr vfèkd yxrh gSA
ryk'k dj jgk gS ;k ukSdfj;ksa dks cny jgk gksrk
gSA fNih gqÃ csjkstxkjh
● ;g ,slh csjkstxkjh gS ftlesa vko';d la[;k ls
Hkkjr esa csjkstxkjh ds çdkj vfèkd yksx O;olk; dh ns[kHkky dj jgs gksrs gSaA
blesa dqN dks gVk fn, tkus ij Hkh fuekZ.k ij vlj
çPNUu csjkstxkjh% ugÈ iM+rk gSA
● ;g ,d ,slh ?kVuk gS ftlesa okLro esa vko';drk
● vkcknh ds rst fodkl vkSj [kqys gq, oSdfYid inksa
ls vfèkd yksx dk;Zjr gSaA
dh vuqifLFkfr ds dkj.k [ksrh ds O;olk; esa yksxksa
● ;g eq[; :i ls Hkkjr ds —f"k vkSj vlaxfBr {ks=ksa dh HkhM+ gksus dks Hkkjr esa Nn~e csjkstxkjh ds çkFkfed
esa ikÃ tkrh gSA Li"Vhdj.k ds :i esa lanÆHkr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
7 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
● ;g ,d ,slh fLFkfr gS ftlesa okLrfod vko';drk ● oLrqvksa ;k lsokvksa ds vk;kr dks varj&jkT; vkiwÆr;ka
ls vfèkd la[;k esa O;fä;ksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk ekuk tk,xk vkSj ;g ykxw lhek 'kqYd ds vykok
gSA ;g fLFkfr okLro esa Hkkjr ds xzkeh.k vkSj <kyw ,dh—r eky vkSj lsok dj (IGST) ds vèkhu
{ks=ksa esa ns[kh tkrh gSA gksxkA
fo"k;% Hkkjr esa csjkstxkjh oLrq ,oa lsok dj ifj"kn
mi&fo"k;% Hkkjr esa csjkstxkjh ds çdkj
● vuqPNsn 279A & oLrq ,oa lsok dj dks ç'kkflr
vkSj fu;af=r djus ds fy, jk"Vªifr }kjk oLrq ,oa
13. lgh fodYi% (c)
lsok dj ifj"kn dk xBu fd;k tkrk gSA blds
O;k[;k% vè;{k Hkkjr ds dsaæh; foÙk ea=h gksrs gSa] ftlesa jkT;
ljdkjksa }kjk ukfer ea=h blds lnL; gksrs gSaA
● nksuksa dFku lgh gSa
● ifj"kn dks bl rjg ls rS;kj fd;k x;k gS fd dsaæ
ctV ds ikl 1@3 ernku 'kfä gksxh vkSj jkT;ksa ds ikl
● og ctV ,d vfèk'ks"k ctV gksrk gS tc o"kZ dk 2@3 ernku 'kfä gksxhA
vuqekfur jktLo çR;kf'kr O;; ls vfèkd gksrk gSA ● fu.kZ; 3@4 cgqer ls fy, tkrs gSaA
● vfèk'ks"k ctV] ljdkj dh foÙkh; etcwrh dks n'kkZrk fo"k;% oLrq ,oa lsok dj
RE
gSA mi&fo"k;% oLrq ,oa lsok dj ifj"kn dh lajpuk
● tc cgqr vfèkd eqækLQhfr gksrh gS] rks ljdkj 15. lgh fodYi% (b)
vfèk'ks"k ctV dh uhfr viuk ldrh gS D;ksafd blls
dqy ekax de gks tk,xhA O;k[;k%
● 'kwU; vkèkkfjr ctVu] ctV fuekZ.k dh ,slh fofèk gS ● dFku 1 xyr gS% dksÃ Hkh ,f'k;kÃ volajpuk fuos'k
cSad (AIIB) lnL; foÙk iks"k.k ds fy, ,d çLrko
O
ftlesa ctV cuk, tkus ds le; gj ckj lHkh [kpks±
dk ewY;kadu fd;k tkrk gS vkSj çR;sd uÃ vofèk ds çLrqr dj ldrk gSA ;fn çLrkfor ifj;kstuk
fy, [kpks± dk vkSfpR; LFkkfir fd;k tkuk pkfg,A bl {ks= dks Li"V ykHk çnku djrh rks ,f'k;kÃ
volajpuk fuos'k cSad (AIIB) ,f'k;k ls ckgjs ds
fo"k;% ctV fuekZ.k lnL;ksa dks mèkkj ns ldrk gSA
SC
mi&fo"k;% ctVu
,f'k;kÃ volajpuk fuos'k cSad (AIIB)
14. lgh fodYi% (c) ● ,f'k;kÃ volajpuk fuos'k cSad (AIIB) ,f'k;k esa
lkekftd vkSj vkÆFkd ifj.kkeksa esa lqèkkj dk fe'ku
O;k[;k%
j[kus okyk cgqi{kh; fodkl cSad gSA
● dFku 2 xyr gS% Hkkjr ds dsaæh; foÙk ea=h] oLrq ,oa
● ;g ,f'k;kÃ volajpuk fuos'k cSad (AIIB) vuqcaèk ds
lsok dj ifj"kn ds vè;{k gSaA
GS
vuqPNsnksa (25 fnlacj] 2015 dks ykxw) }kjk LFkkfir

fd;k x;k gS tks ,d cgqi{kh; lafèk gSA le>kSrs ds
oLrq ,oa lsok dj
i{kdkjksa (57 laLFkkid lnL;ksa) esa cSad ds lnL;
● vkiwÆr i{k ij ykxw% oLrq ,oa lsok dj eky ;k lsokvksa 'kkfey gSaA
dh *vkiwÆr* ij ykxw gksrk gS] ;g O;oLFkk oLrqvksa ds
● bldk eq[;ky; chÇtx esa gS vkSj blus tuojh 2016
fuekZ.k ;k oLrqvksa dh fcØh ;k lsok,a çnku fd, tkus esa viuk lapkyu 'kq: fd;k FkkA
ij oLrq ,oa lsok dj ykxw gksus dh iqjkuh voèkkj.kk
● cSad ds lnL; c<+dj vc nqfu;k Hkj esa 97 vuqeksfnr
ds foijhr gSA
lnL;ksa rd gks x, gSaA vkesZfu;k] yscuku] czkthy]
● xarO; vkèkkfjr djkèkku% oLrq ,oa lsok dj]ewy&vkèkkfjr nf{k.k vÝhdk] xzhl vkfn lfgr 27 laHkkfor lnL;
djkèkku ds orZeku fl)kar ds foijhr xarO;&vkèkkfjr gSaA
miHkksx djkèkku ds fl)kar ij vkèkkfjr gSA ● Ýkal] teZuh] bVyh vkSj fczVsu lfgr] th&20 ns'kksa
● nksgjk oLrq ,oa lsok dj% ;g nksgjk oLrq ,oa lsok dj esa ls 14 ns'k ,f'k;kÃ volajpuk fuos'k cSad (AIIB)
gS ftlesa dsaæ vkSj jkT; ,d lkFk ,d leku vkèkkj ds lnL; gSaA
ij dj yxkrs gSaA dsaæ }kjk yxk, tkus okys oLrq ● ,f'k;k vkSj mlls ckgj fVdkÅ cqfu;knh <kaps vkSj
,oa lsok dj dks dsaæh; oLrq ,oa lsok dj (CGST) vU; mRiknd {ks=ksa esa fuos'k djds] ;g yksxksa] lsokvksa
dgk tkrk gS vkSj jkT;ksa }kjk yxk, tkus okys oLrq vkSj cktkjksa dks csgrj <ax ls tksM+sxk ftlls le;
,oa lsok dj dks jkT; oLrq ,oa lsok dj (SGST) ds lkFk vjcksa yksxksa dk thou çHkkfor gksxk vkSj ,d
dgk tkrk gSA csgrj Hkfo"; dk fuekZ.k gksxkA
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 8
● cksMZ v‚Q xouZlZ esa çR;sd lnL; ns'k }kjk fu;qä ♦ fdlh ns'k dh Hkqxrku larqyu (BOP)
,d xouZj vkSj ,d oSdfYid xouZj gksrk gSA ifjorZuh;rk dh fMxzh vkerkSj ij mlds vkÆFkd
fodkl ds Lrj vkSj mlds foÙkh; cktkjksa dh
● xouZj vkSj oSdfYid xouZj fu;qfä djus okys lnL;
ifjiDork dh fMxzh ij fuHkZj djrh gSA blfy,]
dh bPNki;ZUr lsok djrs gSaA ,f'k;kÃ volajpuk mUur vFkZO;oLFkk,a (AEs) yxHkx iwjh rjg ls
fuos'k cSad (AIIB) dh lHkh 'kfä;ka cksMZ v‚Q ifjorZuh; gSa tcfd mHkjrh cktkj vFkZO;oLFkk,a
xouZlZ esa fufgr gksrh gSaA (EMEs) fofHkUu fMxzh esa ifjorZuh; gSaA
● orZeku esa cSad esa 97 lnL; gSaA fo"k;% Hkqxrku larqyu
fo"k;% varjkZ"Vªh; laxBu mi&fo"k;% pkyw vkSj iwath [kkrk ifjorZuh;rk
mi&fo"k;% ,f'k;kÃ volajpuk fuos'k cSad (AIIB)
17. lgh fodYi% (d)
16. lgh fodYi% (c) O;k[;k%
O;k[;k% ● lHkh dFku lgh gSa
● nksuksa dFku lgh gSa eè;e vk; dk tky
pkyw vkSj iwath [kkrk ifjorZuh;rk ● eè;&vk; tky (MIT) 'kCn vkerkSj ij mu ns'kksa
dks lanÆHkr djrk gS ftUgksaus rsth ls fodkl dk
RE
● pkyw [kkrk ifjorZuh;rk ls lHkh ç;kstuksa ds fy, vuqHko fd;k gS vkSj bl çdkj rsth ls eè;e vk;
fons'kh eqæk dk eqä varokZg vkSj cfgokZg laHko gksrk dh fLFkfr rd igqap x, gSa (çfr O;fä ldy jk"Vªh;
gS ftuesa fuoklh Hkkjrh;ksa }kjk fons'kh oLrqvksa vkSj mRikn $ 1]000 vkSj $ 12]000 ds chp)] ysfdu fQj
lsokvksa (vk;kr) dks [kjhnk tkuk] Hkkjrh;ksa }kjk fodflr ns'kksa dh fLFkfr rd igq¡pus vkSj mPp vk;
fons'kh oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa (fu;kZr) dks cspk tkuk] dh fLFkfr çkIr djus ds fy, ml vk; lhek dks ikj
Hkkjrh;ksa }kjk foçs"k.k çkIr fd;k tkuk vkSj foçs"k.k djus esa foQy jg gSaA
O
Hkstk tkuk] ;k=k] fons'k esa vè;;u] fpfdRlk i;ZVu ● eè;&vk; tky (MIT) ,d vis{kk—r uÃ ifj?kVuk
mís'; vkfn ds fy, fons'kh eqæk dk mi;ksx fd;k gS vkSj bls igyh ckj 2007 esa foÜo cSad dh fjiksVZ
tkuk 'kkfey gksrk gSA esa bldk mYys[k fd;k x;k FkkA
● nwljh vksj] iwath [kkrk ifjorZuh;rk dks O;kid :i
SC
ns'k eè; vk; tky esa D;ksa Qal tkrs gSa\
ls fodflr ns'kksa dh igpku ekuk tkrk gSA bls ● fodkl j.kuhfr;ksa dks cnyus esa vleFkZrk% ;fn
fons'kh fuos'kdksa ds fy, çeq[k lqfoèkk dkjd ds :i dksÃ ns'k de ykxr okys Je vkSj iwath ds lkFk
esa Hkh ns[kk tkrk gS D;ksafd ;g mUgsa LFkkuh; eqæk dks lalkèku&lapkfyr fodkl ls mRikndrk&lapkfyr
viuh eqæk esa ifjoÆrr djus vkSj Hkkjr ls ckgj ys fodkl esa le; ij laØe.k ugÈ dj ikrk gS] rks ;g
tkus dh vuqefr nsrk gSA [kqn dks eè;e vk; {ks= esa Qalk ldrk gSA
● iwath [kkrk ifjorZuh;rk dh fn'kk esa fuEufyf[kr ● eè;e oxZ dh vkcknh esa fo"ke vk; forj.k vkSj
GS
dne mBk, x, gSaA Bgjko% fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa laifÙk dh vlekurk vkSj
vk; ds inkuqØfer forj.k ls ?kjsyw ekax ckfèkr gksrh
♦ Hkkjrh; d‚iksZjsV dEifu;ksa dks 500 fefy;u
gS] tks Bgjko dk dkj.k curh gSA ;g fuEu&vk;
M‚yj ds fons'kh m|eksa (fyfeVsM daifu;ksa }kjk okys ifjokjksa dks mPp&xq.koÙkk] fof'k"V oLrqvksa ds
fons'kksa esa fuos'k dh vuqefr gS) rd Lopkfyr fy, vfèkd Hkqxrku djus dks rS;kj eè;e oxZ esa vkus
ekxZ ls iw.kZ ifjorZuh;rk dh vuqefr gSA esa ckèkk Mkyrh gSA
♦ Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa dks 500 fefy;u M‚yj ls ● vkorÊ cwe&cLV pØ vkSj çkslkbfDydy mèkkj% dÃ
vfèkd dk dtZ feyus ij Lopkfyr ekxZ ls ySfVu vesfjdh eè;&vk; okys ns'kksa us deksfMVh cwe
viuh cká okf.kfT;d mèkkjh (Ãlhch) dk le; ds vkèkkj ij ØsfMV&lapkfyr foLrkj ds pØksa dk
iwoZ Hkqxrku djus dh vuqefr gSA vuqHko fd;k gS] blds ckn ladV vkSj fQj fjdojh
gqÃ gSA dÃ ckj rsth ls foLrkj dk vuqHko djus
♦ O;fä;ksa dks çfr o"kZ $ 2]50]000 ds Lrj rd ds ckotwn] bl LV‚i&xks pØ us mUgsa fodflr
fons'kh laifÙk] 'ks;j vkfn esa fuos'k djus dh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa ds :i esa fodflr gksus ls jksdk gSA
vuqefr gSA ;g tkiku] gkaxdkax] rkboku] Çlxkiqj vkSj nf{k.k
♦ vlhfer ek=k esa lksus ds vk;kr dh vuqefr gS dksfj;k tSlh iwoÊ ,f'k;kÃ lQyrk dh dgkfu;ksa ds
(;g pkyw [kkrk ekxZ ds ekè;e ls iwath [kkrs esa fcYdqy foijhr gS] ftUgksaus yxHkx 50 o"kks± rd mPp
iw.kZ ifjorZuh;rk dh vuqefr nsus ds cjkcj gS] fodkl nj cuk, j[kh gSA
ysfdu lHkh ds fy, laHko ugÈ gS) ftldh vc fo"k;% eè; vk; tky
vuqefr ugÈ gSA mi&fo"k;% eè; vk; tky esa fxjus ds dkj.k
9 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
18. lgh fodYi% (c) çfr"Bku ;k daiuh }kjk fd, tkrs gSaA çR;{k fons'kh
fuos'k ds ekè;e ls] fuos'k djus okyh daiuh fons'kh
O;k[;k% Hkwfe esa viuk O;kolkf;d lapkyu LFkkfir dj
● nksuksa dFku lgh gSa ldrh gS ;k ;gka rd fd varjjk"Vªh; vfèkxzg.k Hkh
dj ldrh gSA
varjkZ"Vªh; Ñf"k fodkl dks"k
● la;qä jk"Vª dh ,d fo'ks"k ,tsalh] varjkZ"Vªh; —f"k fons'kh laLFkk xr fuos'kd
fodkl dks"k (IFAD)] 1974 ds foÜo [kk| lEesyu ● fons'kh laLFkkxr fuos'kd ftUgsa la{ksi esa ,QvkÃvkÃ
ds çeq[k ifj.kkeksa esa ls ,d FkkA
Hkh dgk tkrk gS] ,sls O;fäxr fuos'kd] fuos'k QaM
● bl lEesyu dk vk;kstu la;qä jk"Vª }kjk 1970 ds ;k ifjlaifÙk;ka gks ldrs gSa tks ftl {ks= esa fuos'k
n'kd dh 'kq#vkr ds [kk| ladVksa ds tokc esa fd;k djus okyh daiuh iath—r gS ;k tgk¡ mldk eq[;ky;
x;k Fkk] tc eq[; :i ls vÝhdk ds lgsfy;u ns'kksa fLFkr gSa] ds ckgj ds fdlh fons'kh ns'k esa fuos'k fd,
esa oSfÜod [kk| deh O;kid vdky vkSj dqiks"k.k dk
tkrs gSaA fons'kh laLFkkxr fuos'kd vkerkSj ij cSad]
dkj.k cu jgh FkhA
E;wpqvy QaM gkml] volajpuk daifu;ka vkfn tSls
● foÜo usrkvksa dks ;g le> esa vk;k fd [kk| mRiknu fofHkUu çdkj ds foÙkh; vkSj xSj&foÙkh; {ks=ksa ls
esa okLrfod foQyrkvksa dh rqyuk esa xjhch ls
lacafèkr gksrs gSaA
lacafèkr lajpukRed eqís [kk| vlqj{kk vkSj vdky ds
RE
fy, vfèkd ftEesnkj FksA rF; ;g gS fd fodkl'khy ● çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k vkSj fons'kh laLFkkxr fuos'kd
nqfu;k esa xjhc yksxksa dk cM+k fgLlk xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa ds chp vuqer ysunsu ds çdkjksa ds fo"k; esa
jgrk gS] blls ekeys vkSj Hkh cnrj gks x, gSaA egRoiw.kZ varj gksrk gSA fons'kh laLFkkxr fuos'kd
● blds dk;ZØe vkSj ifj;kstuk,a mu txgksa ij ykxw vkerkSj ij vdsys èku dk gLrkarj.k djrs gSaA nwljh
dh tkrh gSa tks eq[; èkkjk ls nwj fLFkr gSa vkSj vksj] çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k èku gLrkarfjr djus ls
i;kZoj.k dh –f"V ls detksj gSa] tSls fd de ls de dgÈ vfèkd cM+h Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA tc çR;{k fons'kh
O
fodflr jk"Vª vkSj NksVs }hi fodkl'khy jkT;A fuos'k gksrk gS] rks fdlh vU; ns'k esa fuos'k djus
● varjkZ"Vªh; —f"k fodkl dks"k (IFAD)] xzkeh.k {ks=ksa okyh nwljs ns'k dh daiuh (mnkgj.k ds fy,] la;qä
esa detksj lewgksa] tSls fd NksVs fdlkuksa] pjokgksa] jkT; vesfjdk }kjk Hkkjr esa fuos'k fd;k tkuk)] vius
SC
ouokfl;ksa] eNqvkjksa vkSj NksVs iSekus ds O;olk; ds lalkèkuksa] çkS|ksfxfd;ksa] rduhdh tkudkjh] dkS'ky
ekfydksa dks ekSle dh tkudkjh] vkink dh rS;kjh] vkSj j.kuhfr;ksa vkfn dks LFkkukarfjr djrh gSA
lkekftd f'k{kk vkSj çkS|ksfxdh gLrkarj.k dh
miyCèkrk çnku djrk gSA blls fdlkuksa dks c<+rh ● çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k vkerkSj ij fof'k"V daifu;ksa dks
vkcknh dh vkthfodk dh O;ogS vkSj tyok;q ds çfr yf{kr djrs gSa vkSj fuos'k çkIr djus okyh daiuh ds
xzkeh.k —f"k ç.kkfy;ksa dh lgu'khyrk c<+rh gSA çcaèku fu;a=.k dks Hkh dks vius gkFk esa ys ysrs gSaA
fons'kh laLFkkxr fuos'kd ds ekeys esa] dksÃ fo'ks"k
● varjkZ"Vªh; —f"k fodkl dks"k (IFAD) dks jkse
GS
lEesyu ds rhu lky ckn] 1977 esa varjjk"Vªh; y{; ugÈ gksrk gS] u gh daiuh dksÃ fu;a=.k j[krh
foÙkh; laLFkku ds :i esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA gSA
● ;g Hkwfe vkSj ty çcaèku esa lqèkkj djus okyh igyksa ● fdlh ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk ij çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k ds
dks foÙkiksf"kr djrk vkSj çk;ksftr djrk gSA lcls xgu ifj.kkeksa esa ls ,d ;g gS fd ;g jkstxkj
● ;g çR;sd o"kZ xzkeh.k fodkl fjiksVZ tkjh djrk gSA ds voljksa vkSj fuos'k çkIr djus okyh daiuh ds
fo"k;% varjkZ"Vªh; laxBu ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dks c<+krk gSA ;g fuos'k çkIr
mi&fo"k;% Ñf"k fodkl ds fy, varjkZ"Vªh; dks"k djus okys fons'kh ns'k esa volajpukRed fodkl dks
Hkh c<+kok nsrk gS] ftlls bldh Ø; 'kfä esa lqèkkj
19. lgh fodYi% (b) gksrk gSA bl çdkj] çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k vkÆFkd
fodkl dks c<+kok nsrk gSA ;fn ge fons'kh laLFkkxr
O;k[;k% fuos'kd vkSj çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k ds chp varj dh
● fodYi (b) lgh gS rqyuk djrs gSa] rks fons'kh laLFkkxr fuos'kd ds ckjs esa
,slk ugÈ dgk tk ldrk gS] D;ksafd fons'kh laLFkkxr
çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k vkSj fons'kh laLFkkxr fuos'kd
fuos'kd yf{kr ns'k dh dsoy iwath c<+krk gSA
çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k fo"k;% çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k vkSj fons'kh laLFkkxr fuos'kd
● çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k] ftls la{ksi esa ,QMhvkÃ dgk mi&fo"k;% çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k vkSj fons'kh laLFkkxr
tkrk gS] ,sls fuos'k gksrs gSa tks nwljs ns'k esa fLFkr fuos'kd
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 10
20. lgh fodYi% (d) ♦ fdlkuksa ds vykok vU; ijs'kku O;fä] ftudh
_.k jkf'k 1 yk[k #i;s çfr mèkkjdrkZ ls vfèkd
O;k[;k% ugÈ gS] dks xSj&laLFkkxr mèkkjnkrkvksa dks vius
● fodYi (d) lgh gS _.k pqdkus ds fy,
çkFkfedrk çkIr {ks=d gsrq _.k çnk;u% ♦ O;fäxr efgyk ykHkkÆFk;ksa dks çfr mèkkjdrkZ ` 1
yk[k rd ('kgjh lgdkjh cSadksa ds fy,] efgykvksa
● çkFkfedrk {ks=d dk vFkZ mu {ks=dksa ls gS ftUgsa dks fn, x, ekStwnk _.k mudh ifjiDork @
ns'k dh cqfu;knh t:jrksa ds fodkl ds fy, iquHkqZxrku rd detksj oxks± ds rgr oxÊ—r
egRoiw.kZ ekuk tkrk gS vkSj mUgsa vU; {ks=dksa dh fd;k tkuk tkjh jgsxkA
rqyuk esa çkFkfedrk nh tkuh gksrh gSA
♦ fodykax O;fä
● ;g lek;ksftr 'kq) cSad _.k dk 40% gksuk
fo"k;% mèkkj midj.k
pkfg,A
mi&fo"k;% çkFkfedrk {ks=d mèkkj
● blesa fuEufyf[kr Jsf.k;ka 'kkfey gSa%
♦ —f"k 21. lgh fodYi% (a)
♦ uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ O;k[;k%
RE
♦ lw{e] y?kq ,oa eè;e m|e ● dFku 2 xyr gS% 1997 esa tkjh fd, x, iwath vuqØfer
♦ f'k{kk _.k ckaM (CIB) us dsoy ewyèku dks eqækLQhfr laj{k.k
çnku fd;k] C;kt Hkqxrku ds fy, ugÈA
♦ vkokl
● dFku 3 xyr gS% IIB ewyèku vkSj C;kt Hkqxrku nksuksa
♦ lkekftd cqfu;knh <kapk
dks eqækLQhfr laj{k.k çnku djrs gSa
♦ vYila[;dksa dks _.k
O
♦ çèkkuea=h tu èku ;kstuk ds rgr 5000 #i;s
eqækLQhfr vuqØfer c‚UM
rd dk vksojMªk¶V ● eqækLQhfr&vuqØfer ckaM (bU¶ys'ku baMsDLM
c‚UM~l%IIB) ljdkj }kjk tkjh ckaM gksrk gS tks lexz
♦ LVkVZ&vi daifu;ka
vFkZO;oLFkk esa eqækLQhfr gksus ij Hkh fuos'kdksa dks
SC
● gky gh esa] fjt+oZ cSad us çkFkfedrk {ks=d ds _.k fuf'pr fjVuZ çnku djrk gSA eqækLQhfr&vuqØfer
dk nk;jk c<+krs gq, LVkVZ&vi dks 50 djksM+ #i;s ckaM (IIB) dk eq[; y{; lqj{kk ckM+s (GST) ds
rd dk foÙk iks"k.k] vkSj lkSj la;a=ksa vkSj laihfM+r :i esa dk;Z djds fuos'kd dks vFkZO;oLFkk esa O;kIr
ck;ksxSl la;a=ksa dh LFkkiuk ds fy, fdlkuksa dks _.k vkÆFkd tksf[keksa ls cpkuk gSA
fn, tkus dks 'kkfey fd;k gSA ● eqækLQhfr lwpdkafdr ckaM miHkksäk ewY; lwpdkad
detksj oxZ (CPI) ls tqM+s gksrs gSaA
GS
● fuEufyf[kr mèkkj ysus okyksa dks fn, tkus okys ● eqækLQhfr vuqØfer ckaM (IIBs) dk iwoZorÊ 1997
çkFkfedrk çkIr {ks=d _.kksa dks detksj oxZ Js.kh ds nkSjku tkjh iwath vuqØfer ckaM (CIBs) FkkA
ds rgr mèkkj nsuk ekuk tk,xk% rFkkfi] 1997 esa tkjh fd, x, iwath vuqØfer ckaM
(CIBs) us dsoy ewyèku dks eqækLQhfr laj{k.k çnku
♦ NksVs vkSj lhekar fdlku fd;k Fkk u fd C;kt Hkqxrku dksA
♦ dkjhxj] xzkeh.k vkSj dqVhj m|ksx tgka O;fäxr ● eqækLQhfr vuqØfer ckaM (IIBs) ewyèku vkSj C;kt
_.k lhek ` 1 yk[k ls vfèkd ugÈ gS Hkqxrkuksa nksuksa dks eqækLQhfr laj{k.k çnku djrs gSaA
♦ jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k vkthfodk fe'ku (NRLM)] fo"k;% vuqØfer (baMsDl) c‚UM
jk"Vªh; 'kgjh vkthfodk fe'ku (NULM) vkSj mi&fo"k;% eqækLQhfr vuqØfer ckaM
eSyk <ksus okyksa ds iquokZl ds fy, Lojkstxkj
;kstuk (SRMS) tSlh ljdkjh çk;ksftr 22. lgh fodYi% (b)
;kstukvksa ds rgr ykHkkFkÊ
O;k[;k%
♦ vuqlwfpr tkfr vkSj vuqlwfpr tutkfr
● fodYi (b) lgh gS
♦ foHksnd C;kt nj (DRI) ;kstuk ds ykHkkFkÊ
♦ Lo;a lgk;rk lewg ekaxtU; eqækLQhfr
♦ xSj&laLFkkxr mèkkjnkrkvksa ds _.kh ijs'kku ● tc fdlh vFkZO;oLFkk esa dqy ekax dqy vkiwÆr dh
fdlku rqyuk esa cgqr vfèkd gksrh gS] rks dhersa c<+ tkrh gSaA
11 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
vFkZ'kkL=h ekaxtU; eqækLQhfr dk o.kZu ,slh fLFkfr ● fjtoZ cSad us 2011&12 dh ekSfæd uhfr esa lhekar
ds ifj.kke ds :i esa djrs gSa ftlesa oLrqvksa dh deh LFkk;h lqfoèkk (MSF) dks 'kq# fd;k FkkA
gksrh gS vkSj mlds fy, Hkqxrku djus ds fy, rS;kj
[kjhnnkj cgqr T;knk gksrs gSaA oSèkkfud rjyrk vuqikr (SLR)
● ;fn dksÃ ljdkj djksa dks de djrh gS] rks ifjokjksa ● ;g Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad dk ekSfæd uhfr lkèku gSA
ds ikl [kpZ djus ds fy, vfèkd fMLikstscy vk; ● oSèkkfud rjyrk vuqikr (SLR) ds rgr okf.kfT;d
cph jgrh gSA blls fQj miHkksäk [kpZ esa o`f) gksrh cSadksa dks 'kq) ekax vkSj le; nsunkfj;ksa (NDTL) dk
gS] bl çdkj dqy ekax esa o`f) gksrh gS vkSj varr% ,d fuf'pr fgLlk viuh frtksjh esa rjy ifjlaifÙk
ekaxtU; eqækLQhfr dh fLFkfr cu tkrh gSA ds :i esa j[kuk gksrk gSA
● ykxrtU; eqækLQhfr rc gksrh gS tc oLrqvksa dh ● rjy ifjlaifÙk esa udnh] lksuk vkSj vuqeksfnr
dhersa c<+rh gSaA çfrHkwfr;ksa (ljdkjh çfrHkwfr;ksa) ds :i esa èkkfjr
fo"k;% eqækLQhfr ifjlaifÙk 'kkfey gksrh gSA
mi&fo"k;% ekaxtU; eqækLQhfr
fo"k;% ekSfæd uhfr
23. lgh fodYi% (c) mi&fo"k;% lhekar LFkk;h lqfoèkk (MSF)] oSèkkfud rjyrk
O;k[;k% vuqikr (SLR)
RE
● dFku 1 xyr gS% cSad ljdkjh çfrHkwfr;ksa ds f[kykQ
24. lgh fodYi% (c)
èku mèkkj ys ldrs gSaA
● dFku 2 xyr gS% cSad viuh 'kq) ekax vkSj le; O;k[;k%
nsunkfj;ksa dk 3% rd mèkkj ys ldrs gSaA ● dFku 1 xyr gS% ;g ,d xSj&oSèkkfud fudk; gS]
● dFku 3 xyr gS% ;g _.k jsiks nj dh rqyuk esa mPp ftldk xBu ljdkjh çLrko ds vuqlkj fd;k x;k
O
C;kt nj ds lkFk çnku fd;k tkrk gSA gSA
● dFku 2 xyr gS% ;g moZjd vkSj jlk;u ea=ky; ds
lhekar LFkk;h lqfoèkk rgr vkS"kèk foHkkx ls tqM+k gqvk dk;kZy; gSA
● Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad us vLFkk;h mik; ds :i esa lhekar
SC
LFkk;h lqfoèkk (MSF) ;kstuk ds rgr vuqlwfpr jk"Vªh; vkS"kfèk ewY; fuèkkZj.k çkfèkdj.k
cSadksa dh mèkkj lhek dks 27 ekpZ] 2020 ls mudh ● ;g jlk;u vkSj moZjd ea=ky; ds rgr fo'ks"kKksa
'kq) ekax vkSj le; nsunkfj;ksa (NDTL) ;k tek ds dk ,d Lora= fudk; gS] ftldk xBu o"kZ 1997 esa
2 çfr'kr ls c<+kdj 3 çfr'kr dj fn;k FkkA fd;k x;k Fkk rkfd bls çR;k;ksftr dh xÃ 'kfä;ksa
ds vuqlkj bls nokvksa dh dherksa dks fofu;fer djus
lhekar LFkk;h lqfoèkk (MSF) ds fy, tkjh fd, x, vkS"kfèk ewY; fu;a=.k vkns'k
● lhekar LFkk;h lqfoèkk] Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad }kjk jsiks (DPCO) ds çkoèkkuksa dks dk;kZfUor vkSj çoÆrr
GS
nj dh rqyuk esa mPp C;kt nj ij okf.kfT;d cSadksa fd;k tk ldsA

dks çnku dh tkus okyh jkf=i;ZUr rjyrk lgk;rk ● jk"Vªh; vkS"kfèk ewY; fuèkkZj.k çkfèkdj.k (NPPA) dks
gSA vkS"kèk ewY; fu;a=.k vkns'k (DPCO) & DPCO]
● lhekar LFkk;h lqfoèkk dk mi;ksx cSad }kjk rjyrk 1995 vkSj vc DPCO] 2013 ds fofHkUu vuqPNsnksa
lek;kstu lqfoèkk (LAF) jsiks tSls vU; fodYiksa ds ds lacaèk esa dsUæ ljdkj ds dk;ks± dk ç;ksx djus dh
rgr mèkkj ysus ds fy, viuh ik= lqj{kk èkkfjrkvksa 'kfä;ksa ls çR;k;ksftr fd;k x;k gSA
dks lekIr djus ds ckn fd;k tk ldrk gSA ● jk"Vªh; vkS"kfèk ewY; fuèkkZj.k çkfèkdj.k (NPPA) ds
● vkerkSj ij] tc cSadksa dks Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad ls dk;ks± esa vuqlwfpr vkS"kfèk;ksa (DPCO dh vuqlwph&I
vYidkfyd _.k dh vko';drk gksrh gS] rks os esa 'kkfey os vkS"kfèk;ka tks ewY; fu;a=.k ds vèkhu gSa)
jsiks ds rgr ,d fnu dk _.k çkIr djus ds fy, vkSj QkewZys'kuksa ds ewY;ksa dk fuèkkZj.k ,oa la'kksèku]
Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad ds ikl viuh lqj{kk èkkfjrkvksa dks fu;a=.keqä vkS"kfèk;ksa vkSj QkewZys'kuksa ds ewY;ksa dh
fxjoh j[krs gSaA fuxjkuh] çR;k;ksftr 'kfä;ksa ds vuqlkj DPCO
ds çkoèkkuksa dk dk;kZUo;u ,oa çorZu] vkS"kfèk;ksa dh
● lhekar LFkk;h lqfoèkk ds rgr] ,d cSad Hkkjrh; fjtoZ
miyCèkrk dh fuxjkuh djuk] deh dh igpku djuk]
cSad ls ,d fnu dk _.k mèkkj ys ldrk gS] Hkys gh
mipkjkRed dne mBkuk vkfn 'kkfey gSaA
mlds ikl viuh oSèkkfud rjryk vuqikr (SLR)
,l,yvkj vko';drk ls vfèkd dksÃ ik= çfrHkwfr;ka ● bl laxBu dks miHkksäkvksa ls fu;af=r nokvksa ds
u gksa (dsoy oSèkkfud rjryk vuqikr cuk, j[krk fy, fofuekZrkvksa }kjk vfèkd çHkkfjr dh xÃ jkf'k
gks)A olwyus dk dk;Z Hkh lkSaik x;k gSA
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 12
● vko';d oLrq vfèkfu;e ds vuqlkj ewY; fuèkkZj.k dh ● fu{ksikxkj jlhn esa] fons'kh daifu;ka fdlh Hkkjrh;
ljdkj dh lHkh 'kfä;ka bls çR;k;ksftr dh xÃ gSaA fu{ksikxkj (tSls us'kuy flD;ksfjVh fMi‚ftVjh
DPCO] 2013 ds varxZr leh{kk djus dh 'kfä;ka fyfeVsM & ,u,lMh,y) dks 'ks;j tkjh djsaxh] tks
ljdkj ds ikl fufgr gSaA cnys esa Hkkjr esa fuos'kdksa dks fMi‚ftVjh jlhn tkjh
fo"k;% jk"Vªh; fudk; djsxhA fu{ksikxkj jlhnksa esa varÆufgr okLrfod 'ks;j
mi&fo"k;% jk"Vªh; vkS"kfèk ewY; fuèkkZj.k çkfèkdj.k ,d fons'kh laj{kd ds ikl èkkfjr gksaxs] tks Hkkjrh;
fu{ksikxkj dks fu{ksikxkj jlhnsa tkjh djus ds fy,
25. lgh fodYi% (c) vfèk—r djsxkA
O;k[;k% ● fu{ksikxkj jlhnsa ,d ,slk ra= gS tks Hkkjr esa fuos'kdksa
dks cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa lfgr lwphc) fons'kh daifu;ksa
● dFku 2 xyr gS% lkekU; rjhds vkSj lkèku vfxze
(WMA) fdlh Hkh çdkj dh ljdkjh çfrHkwfr;ksa ds
esa Hkkjrh; #i;s esa fuos'k djus dh vuqefr nsrk gSA
fcuk cuk;k x;k gSA fo"k;% fofue; cktkj
mi&fo"k;% Hkkjrh; fu{ksikxkj çkfIr;k¡
rjhds vkSj lkèku vfxze (WMA)
● Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad vius lkFk cSaÇdx djus okys 27. lgh fodYi% (d)
RE
jkT;ksa dks ^rjhds vkSj lkèku vfxze* (WMA) çnku
djrk gS rkfd mUgsa viuh çkfIr;ksa vkSj Hkqxrkuksa ds O;k[;k%
udnh çokg esa vLFkk;h csesy dks nwj djus esa enn ● fodYi (d) lgh gS
fey ldsA ;s ,sls vfxze gksrs gSa tks çR;sd ekeys esa
vfxze tkjh fd, tkus dh rkjh[k ls vfèkdre rhu vadVkM (UNCTAD)
eghus dh le; vofèk ds Hkhrj pqdk, tk ldrs ● la;qä jk"Vª O;kikj vkSj fodkl lEesyu (UNCTAD)
gSaA
O dh LFkkiuk 1964 esa ,d LFkk;h varj ljdkjh fudk;
● rjhds vkSj lkèku vfxze (WMA) nks çdkj ds gksrs ds :i esa dh xÃ FkhA
gSa – lkekU; vkSj fo'ks"kA tcfd lkekU; rjhds
● UNCTAD la;qä jk"Vª lfpoky; dk fgLlk gSA
vkSj lkèku vfxze (WMA) LoPN vfxze gksrs gSa]
SC
;g O;kikj] fuos'k vkSj fodkl ds eqíksa dks ns[krk
ogÈ fo'ks"k rjhds vkSj lkèku vfxze (WMA) Hkkjr
gSA
ljdkj dh fnukafdr çfrHkwfr;ksa dks fxjoh j[kus ds
fo#) çnku fd, x, lqjf{kr vfxze gksrs gSaA ● laxBu ds y{; gSa% Þfodkl'khy ns'kksa ds O;kikj] fuos'k
● Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad us çR;sd jkT; ds fy, lkekU; vkSj fodkl ds voljksa dks vfèkdre djuk vkSj
vkSj fo'ks"k rjhds vkSj lkèku vfxze (WMA) ds fy, foÜo vFkZO;oLFkk esa leku vkèkkj ij ,dh—r gksus
ml jkT; }kjk Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad ds ikl j[ks tkus ds muds ç;klksa esa lgk;rk djukÞA
GS
gsrq vko';d U;wure 'ks"k jkf'k ds xq.kd ds :i esa ● UNCTAD dh LFkkiuk 1964 esa la;qä jk"Vª egklHkk
lhek,a fuèkkZfjr dh gSaA bu lhekvksa dks vkofèkd :i }kjk dh xÃ Fkh vkSj ;g la;qä jk"Vª egklHkk vkSj
ls la'kksfèkr fd;k x;k gSA la;qä jk"Vª vkÆFkd vkSj lkekftd ifj"kn dks fjiksVZ
fo"k;% Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad vkSj mlds lkèku djrk gSA
mi&fo"k;% rjhds vkSj lkèku vfxze (WMA)
● UNCTAD dk çkFkfed mís'; O;kikj] lgk;rk]
ifjogu] foÙk vkSj çkS|ksfxdh lfgr fodkl ds lHkh
26. lgh fodYi% (b)
igyqvksa ls lacafèkr uhfr;ka rS;kj djuk gSA vkerkSj
O;k[;k% ij pkj lky esa bldh cSBd cqykÃ tkrh gSA bldk
● dFku 2 xyr gS% ;g fons'kh daifu;ksa dks 'ks;j tkjh LFkk;h lfpoky; tsusok esa gSA
djus dh vuqefr nsrh gSaA ● UNCTAD la;qä jk"Vª lfpoky; dk fgLlk gSA
;g la;qä jk"Vª egklHkk vkSj vkÆFkd vkSj lkekftd
Hkkjrh; fu{ksikxkj jlhnsa
ifj"kn dks fjiksVZ djrk gS] ysfdu bldh viuh
● daiuh (Hkkjrh; fu{ksikxkj jlhnsa tkjh djuk) fu;e] lnL;rk] usr`Ro vkSj ctV gSA ;g la;qä jk"Vª
2004 esa nh xÃ ifjHkk"kk ds vuqlkj] Hkkjrh; fu{ksikxkj
fodkl lewg dk Hkh fgLlk gSA
jlhnsa tkjhdrkZ daiuh ds varÆufgr bfDoVh 'ks;jksa
ds fo#) Hkkjr esa Hkkjrh; fu{ksikxkj }kjk l`ftr fo"k;% varjkZ"Vªh; laxBu
fu{ksikxkj jlhn ds :i esa ,d fy[kr gSA mi&fo"k;% UNCTAD
13 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
28. lgh fodYi% (d) tks èku ,d= djrk gS] mls j[krk gS vkSj dsoy rc
forfjr djrk gS tc Øsrk vkSj foØsrk nksuksa larq"V
O;k[;k% gksaA
● dFku 1 xyr gS% tc dksÃ daiuh igyh ckj lkoZtfud
● [kjhnkj vkSj foØsrk 'krks± ls lger gSa & ,slk rc
:i ls u, LV‚d vkSj c‚UM csprh gS] rks og çkFkfed
ekuk tkrk gS tc ;k rks Øsrk ;k foØsrk ysunsu
iwath cktkj esa ,slk djrh gSA
'kq: djrs gSaA Escrow-com ij iathdj.k djus dk
● dFku 2 xyr gS% FIIs] Hkkjr esa ekU;rk çkIr LV‚d eryc gksrk gS fd lHkh i{k ysu&nsu dh 'krks± ls
,Dlpsat ij çkFkfed vkSj f}rh;d cktkjksa esa lger gSaA
çfrHkwfr;ksa esa fuos'k dj ldrs gSaA
● Øsrk Escrow.com dks Hkqxrku djrk gS & Øsrk
çkjafHkd lkoZtfud is'kd'k (Initial Public lqjf{kr ,LØks [kkrs esa Loh—r Hkqxrku fofèk }kjk
Offering-IPO) Hkqxrku djrk gS] Escrow.com Hkqxrku dh iqf"V
djrk gS] foØsrk dks lwfpr fd;k tkrk gS fd èku
● çkjafHkd lkoZtfud is'kd'k (IPO) dk vFkZ ;g gS
fd u;k LV‚d tkjh djds] dksÃ futh laLFkk ;k *,LØks* esa lqjf{kr dj fy;k x;k gSA
laxBu vius 'ks;j vke turk dks miyCèk djk,A ● foØsrk] Øsrk dks eky Hkstrk gS & Hkqxrku dh iqf"V gks
● çkjafHkd lkoZtfud is'kd'k (IPO) ykus ds fy,] tkus ds ckn] foØsrk eky Hkstus vkSj VªSÇdx tkudkjh
daifu;ksa dks ,Dlpsatksa vkSj çfrHkwfr vkSj fofue; tek djus ds fy, vfèk—r gksrk gSA Escrow.com
RE
vk;ksx (SEC) }kjk fuèkkZfjr vko';d 'krks± dks iwjk iqf"V djrk gS fd Øsrk us eky çkIr dj fy;k ;k
djuk gksrk gSA ugÈA
● IPO daifu;ksa dks çkFkfed cktkj ds ekè;e ls 'ks;jksa ● Øsrk eky Lohdkj djrk gS & Øsrk ds fuèkkZfjr
dh is'kd'k dj iwath çkIr djus dk volj çnku fnuksa ds vanj eky dk fujh{k.k djds mls Lohdkj
djrs gSaA ;k vLohdkj djus dk fodYi gksrk gSA Øsrk eky
Lohdkj djrk gS
O
● daifu;ka] ekax dk irk yxkus] IPO dh dher vkSj
rkjh[k r; djus] ekdsZÇVx vkSj vU; dkeksa ds fy, ● Escrow.com foØsrk dks Hkqxrku djrk gS &
fuos'k cSadksa dh lsok ysrh gSa Escrow.com foØsrk dks ,LØks [kkrs ls èku tkjh
● ,d IPO dks daiuh ds laLFkkidksa vkSj 'kq#vkrh djrk gSA
SC
fuos'kdksa ds fy, vius futh fuos'k ls iw.kZ ykHk fo"k;% iSlksa dk ysu&nsu
çkIr djus ds fy, ckgj fudyus dh j.kuhfr (exit mi&fo"k;% ,LØks [kkrk
strategy) ds :i esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
fo"k;% LV‚d ,Dlpsat vkSj fuos'k ds lkèku 30. lgh fodYi% (c)
mi&fo"k;% çkjafHkd lkoZtfud is'kd'k
O;k[;k%
29. lgh fodYi% (b) ● dFku 3 xyr gS% pwafd os dsoy vius 'ks;jèkkjd
GS
lnL;ksa ds lkFk ysu&nsu djrs gSa] blfy, vkjchvkÃ

O;k[;k% us mUgsa vkjchvkÃ vfèkfu;e ds ewy çkoèkku ls NwV
● fodYi (b) lgh gS nh gSA
● dFku 4 xyr gS% FDI dh vuqefr ugÈ gSA
fuyac (Escrow&,LØks) [kkrk%
● ,LØks vdkmaV ,d ,slk [kkrk gksrk gS] tgka nks ;k fufèk daiuh
nks ls vfèkd i{kksa ds ysu&nsu dks iwjk djus ds nkSjku ● fufèk daiuh Hkkjrh; xSj&cSaÇdx foÙk {ks=d dh ,d
VªLV esa èkujkf'k j[kh tkrh gSA bldk eryc ;g gS
çdkj dh daiuh gksrh gS] ftls daiuh vfèkfu;e]
fd Escrow.com tSlk ,d foÜoluh; r`rh; i{k
2013 dh èkkjk 406 ds rgr ekU;rk nh tkrh gSA
,d VªLV [kkrs esa èku lqjf{kr j[ksxkA ,LØks le>kSrs
dks iwjk djus ds ckn O;kikjh dks èkujkf'k forfjr dh ● mudk eq[; O;olk; vius lnL;ksa ds chp iSlk
tk,xhA ;fn O;kikjh vius nkf;Ro dks iwjk djus esa mèkkj ysuk vkSj mèkkj nsuk gSA bUgsa ijekusaV QaM]
foQy jgrk gS] rks èku [kjhnkj dks okil dj fn;k csfufQV QaM] E;wpqvy csfufQV QaM vkSj E;wpqvy
tkrk gSA csfufQV daiuh ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA
● mUgsa d‚iksZjsV ekeyksa ds ea=ky; }kjk fofu;fer fd;k
,LØks dSls dke djrk gS\
tkrk gS] ftls mudh tek Loh—fr xfrfofèk;ksa ls
● Escrow.com ,d foÜoluh; r`rh; i{k ds :i esa lacafèkr ekeyksa esa funsZ'k tkjh djus dk Hkh vfèkdkj
dk;Z djds èkks[kkèkM+h ds tksf[ke dks de djrk gS gSA
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 14
● fufèk dk vFkZ gS ,d daiuh ftls vius lnL;ksa ds ● dFku 4 xyr gS% cSadksa dks CRR ij dksÃ C;kt ugÈ
chp cpr vkSj vkjf{kr fufèk;ksa dh vknr fodflr fn;k tkrk gSA
djus ds mís'; ls xfBr fd;k x;k gSA ;g dsoy
ius lnL;ksa ds ikjLifjd ykHk ds fy, muls tek udn vkjf{kr vuqikr (CRR)
Lohdkj djrh gS vkSj mUgsa _.k Hkh nsrh gSA ● udn vkjf{kr vuqikr (CRR) Hkkjr esa fdlh
● fufèk daifu;ka] daiuh vfèkfu;e 2013 ds vkus ls vuqlwfpr okf.kfT;d cSad dh dqy 'kq) ekax vkSj le;
igys Hkh vfLrRo esa FkÈA fufèk dh ewy voèkkj.kk ns;rk (Net Demand and Time Liabilities-
NDTL) dk og fgLlk gksrk gS ftls cSad dks Hkkjrh;
ÞikjLifjdrk dk fl)karÞ gS
fjtoZ cSad (RBI) ds ikl udn tek ds :i esa
● ;s daifu;ka nf{k.k Hkkjr esa vfèkd yksdfç; gSa] vkSj j[kuk gksrk gSA
80% fufèk daifu;ka rfeyukMq esa fLFkr gSaA
● ;g 'krZ lHkh cSadksa ij leku :i ls ykxw gksrh gS]
● lcu;kxe lfefr dk lacaèk fufèk daifu;ksa ls gSA pkgs mldh foÙkh; fLFkfr ;k vkdkj dSlk Hkh gksA
fo"k;% daifu;ka vkSj blds çdkj blds foijhr] dqN ns'kksa mnkgj.k ds fy,] phu esa
mi&fo"k;% fufèk daiuh *cM+s* vkSj *NksVs* cSadksa dks vyx&vyx udn vkjf{kr
vuqikr j[kuk vko';d gSA
31. lgh fodYi% (c) ● Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad vfèkfu;e 1934 ds vuqlkj] lHkh
vuqlwfpr okf.kfT;d cSadksa (ftlesa lkoZtfud vkSj
RE
O;k[;k% futh {ks=d ds cSad] fons'kh cSad] {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSad
● dFku 1 xyr gS% TReD,S RBI dh ,d igy gSA vkSj lgdkjh cSad 'kkfey gSa) dks Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad
● dFku 2 xyr gS% ;g pkyku (invoices) vkSj ds ikl vkSlru ,d ikf{kd vkèkkj ij udnh 'ks"k
fofue;&foi= nksuksa ls lacafèkr gSA (Cash balance) tek j[kus dh vko';drk gksrh
gS] rkfd CRR dh vko';drk iwjh dh tk ldsA
● dFku 4 xyr gS% d‚iksZjsV] ljdkjh foHkkx] PSU vkSj
dksÃ vU; laLFkk TReDS esa Øsrk ds :i esa Hkkx ys ● orZeku esa] cSadksa dks vko';d udnh j[kus ds fy,
ldrh gSA
O RBI dh vksj ls dksÃ C;kt ugÈ fn;k tkrk gSA
● ;fn dksÃ cSad viuh vko';d vkjf{kr vuqikr
O;kikj çkI; cêkdj.k@NwV ç.kkyh ;k TReDS ugÈ j[krk gS] rks vkjchvkÃ dks naMkRed C;kt nj
yxkdj tqekZuk yxkus dk vfèkdkj gSA
SC
● TReDS dÃ Qkbusaljksa ds ekè;e ls lw{e] y?kq
vkSj eè;e m|eksa (MSMEs) ds O;kikj çkI; ds fo"k;% cSad midj.k
foÙkiks"k.k @ NwV dh lqfoèkk ds fy, ,d bysDVª‚fud mi&fo"k;% udn vkjf{kr vuqikr
eap gSA ;s çkI;] ljdkjh foHkkxksa vkSj lkoZtfud
{ks=d ds miØeksa (ih,l;w) lfgr d‚jiksjsV~l vkSj 33. lgh fodYi% (d)
vU; [kjhnkjksa ij ns; gks ldrs gSaA
O;k[;k%
● TReDS IysVQ‚eZ dk mi;ksx foØsrk] Øsrk vkSj
● fodYi (d) lgh gS
GS
Qkbusalj djrs gSaA

● dsoy MSMEs] TReDS esa foØsrk ds :i esa Hkkx #i;s dk vfHkewY;u (appreciation)
ys ldrs gSaA ● Hkkjr esa fu;kZrdksa dks ?kkVk gksxk D;ksafd #i;s esa
● TReDS esa Øsrk ds :i esa d‚iksZjsV] ljdkjh foHkkx] vfHkewY;u dh fLFkfr esa fu;kZr dh mruh gh jkf'k ds
PSU vkSj dksÃ vU; laLFkk Hkkx ys ldrh gSA fy, mUgsa de #i;s çkIr gksaxsA
● cSad] NBFC vkSj Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad (RBI) ● Hkkjr esa vk;krdksa dks ykHk gksxk D;ksafd #i;s ds
}kjk çkIr vuqefr ds vuqlkj vU; foÙkh; laLFkku] vfHkewY;u dh fLFkfr esa fu;kZr dh leku jkf'k ds
TReDS esa Qkbusalj ds :i esa Hkkx ys ldrs gSaA
fy, mUgsa vfèkd #i;s çkIr gksaxsA
fo"k;% MSME ls lacafèkr igy ● ECB ds ekè;e ls Hkkjr esa mèkkj ysus okyh laLFkkvksa
mi&fo"k;% TReDS dk IySVQ‚eZ dh mèkkj ysus dh ykxr de gks tk,xh D;ksafd mUgsa
de #i;s dk Hkqxrku djuk gksxkA
32. lgh fodYi% (a) ● #i;s ds voewY;u dh fLFkfr esa Hkkjr dks fu;kZr
djus okyksa dks fu;kZrdksa dks ykHk gksxkA fu;kZrdksa
O;k[;k% dks vfèkd fons'kh eqæk çkIr gksxhA
● dFku 3 xyr gS% xSj&cSad foÙkh; fuxe (NBFCs) ● rsy foi.ku daifu;ka vkSj futh d‚iksZjsV {ks=dA
dks udn vkjf{kr vuqikr dh 'krks± dks iwjk ugÈ fo"k;% eqæk dk ewY; fuèkkZj.k
djuk iM+rkA mi&fo"k;% #i;s dk vfHkewY;u
15 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
34. lgh fodYi% (a) eksckby Qksu fuekZrkvksa dks Hkkjr esa viuh bdkb;ksa
vkSj mifLFkfr dk foLrkj djus ds fy, çksRlkfgr
O;k[;k% djus dh Hkh mEehn gSA
● fodYi (a) lgh gS fo"k;% ljdkjh gLr{ksi
çR;{k dj lafgrk (Direct Tax Code) mi&fo"k;% mRiknu ls tqM+h çksRlkgu ;kstuk
● DTC] vk;dj vfèkfu;e] 1961 vkSj laifÙk dj
36. lgh fodYi% (d)
vfèkfu;e] 1957 tSls vU; çR;{k dj dkuwuksa dh
txg ysxkA O;k[;k%
● 2017 esa] ljdkj us ,d u, çR;{k dj lafgrk dk ● lHkh dFku lgh gSa
elkSnk rS;kj djus ds fy, ,d fo'ks"kK lfefr dk
xBu fd;kA DTC ij xfBr VkLd QkslZ dh fjiksVZ ● CSO dh xfrfofèk;ksa esa jk"Vªh; [kkrksa dk ladyu(
19 vxLr] 2019 dks foÙk ea=ky; dks lkSaih xÃ FkhA m|ksx vkSj vkÆFkd tux.kuk ds okÆ"kd losZ{k.k dk
bls vHkh lkoZtfud ugÈ fd;k x;k gSA lapkyu] vkS|ksfxd mRiknu ds lwpdkad ds lkFk&lkFk
● çR;{k dj lafgrk dk mís'; dj ç.kkyh dks vkSj miHkksäk ewY; lwpdkadksa dk ladyu 'kkfey gSA ;g
vfèkd çHkkoh vkSj dq'ky cukus ds fy, lHkh çR;{k fofHkUu lkekftd lkaf[;dh] çf'k{k.k] varjkZ"Vªh;
lg;ksx] vkS|ksfxd oxÊdj.k vkfn xfrfofèk;ksa esa Hkh
RE
dj dkuwuksa ;kuh vk;dj] ykHkka'k forj.k dj] vuq"kaxh
ykHk dj vkSj dsaæ ljdkj ds laifÙk dj dks ljy 'kkfey gksrk gSA
vkSj lesfdr djuk gSA ● Hkkjr ljdkj us 1 twu] 2005 ds ,d çLrko ds ekè;e
● CBDT ds lnL; vf[kys'k jatu bl VkLd QkslZ ls jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh vk;ksx (NSC) dh LFkkiuk dhA
ds vè;{k gSaA VkLd QkslZ ds vU; lnL;ksa esa fxjh'k NSC dh LFkkiuk jaxjktu vk;ksx dh flQkfj'kksa
vkgwtk (pkVZMZ vdkmaVsaV)] jktho esekuh (EY dks Lohdkj djus ds eaf=eaMy ds fu.kZ; ds ckn dh
O
bafM;k ds vè;{k vkSj {ks=h; çcaèk Hkkxhnkj)] eqds'k xÃA jaxjktu vk;ksx us 2001 esa Hkkjrh; lkaf[;dh;
iVsy (VSDl ,MoksdsV)] ekulh dsfM;k (lykgdkj] ç.kkyh dh leh{kk dh FkhA
ICRIER) vkSj thlh JhokLro (lsokfuo`Ùk IRS
vkSj odhy) 'kkfey gSaA ● jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh vk;ksx (2005 esa LFkkfir) esa ,d
SC
fo"k;% dj lajpuk va'kdkfyd vè;{k] pkj va'kdkfyd lnL; vkSj ,d
mi&fo"k;% çR;{k dj lafgrk insu lnL; gksrk gSA Hkkjr ds eq[; lkaf[;dhfon~]
vk;ksx ds lfpo gksrs gSaA ;g in fo'ks"k :i ls
35. lgh fodYi% (a) jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh; dk;kZy; ds vè;{k ds fy, l`ftr
fd;k x;k gSA
O;k[;k%
● jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; (NSO) dgs tkus okys
● fodYi (a) lgh gSA
lkaf[;dh Çox esa dsaæh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; (CSO),
GS
● vçSy] 2020 esa] bysDVª‚fuDl ij jk"Vªh; uhfr ds ,d daI;wVj dsaæ vkSj jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k dk;kZy; (NSSO)
Hkkx ds :i esa] bysDVª‚fuDl vkSj lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh 'kkfey gksrs gSaA CSO ns'k esa lkaf[;dh; xfrfofèk;ksa
ea=ky; (MeitY) us mRiknu ls tqM+h çksRlkgu dk leUo; djrk gS vkSj lkaf[;dh; ekudksa dks Hkh
(PLI) ;kstuk vfèklwfpr dhA bldk mís'; ?kjsyw
fodflr djrk gSA NSO vf[ky Hkkjrh; vkèkkj
fofuekZ.k dks c<+kok nsus vkSj eksckby Qksu fuekZ.k
ij fofoèk {ks=ksa esa cM+s iSekus ij çfrn'kZ losZ{k.k
vkSj vlsacyh] VsÇLVx] ekÉdx vkSj iSdsÇtx (ATMP)
bdkb;ksa lfgr fuÆn"V bysDVª‚fud ?kVdksa esa cM+h (sample) djus ds fy, ftEesnkj gSA
ek=k esa fuos'k dks vkdÆ"kr djuk gSA ● ljdkj us lkaf[;dh vkSj dk;ZØe dk;kZUo;u ea=ky;
● bl ;kstuk ds varxZr ikap lky dh vofèk ds fy, (MoSPI) ds vèkhu dsaæh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy;
Hkkjr esa fuÆer lkekuksa dh o`f)'khy fcØh (vkèkkj (CSO) ds lkFk jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k dk;kZy;
o"kZ ds fglkc ls) ij 4% ls 6% dh çksRlkgu jkf'k (NSSO) dks foy; djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k gSA 2019
nh tk,xhA ds vkns'k ds ekè;e ls NSSO vkSj CSO ds foy;
● lHkh bysDVª‚fud fuekZ.k daifu;ka tks ;k rks Hkkjrh; ls ,d O;kid fudk; & jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy;
gSa ;k Hkkjr esa ,d iath—r bdkÃ gS] ;kstuk ds fy, (NSO) ds xBu dks eatwjh fey xÃ gSA
vkosnu djus ds fy, ik= gksaxhA fo"k;% jk"Vªh; vk; dk ys[kkadu
● bl ;kstuk ls ,d rjQ bl {ks=d esa cM+s fons'kh mi&fo"k;% jk"Vªh; vk; ds ys[kkadu ls lacafèkr fofHkUu
fuos'k dks vkdÆ"kr djus dh mEehn gS] ogÈ ?kjsyw laxBu
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 16
37. lgh fodYi% (a) mís'; jktdks"kh; çcaèku esa varj&ih<+hxr bfDoVh]
nh?kZdkfyd O;kid vkÆFkd fLFkjrk] jktdks"kh; vkSj
O;k[;k% ekSfæd uhfr ds chp csgrj leUo; vkSj ljdkj dh
● dFku 3 xyr gS% ºzkleku çHkko (Crowding out jktdks"kh; dk;Zç.kkyh esa ikjnÆ'krk lqfuf'pr djuk
effect) ls vfHkçk;] futh O;; ij iM+us okyk gSA
lkoZtfud mèkkj (public borrowing) dk çHkko
● blds fy, laln ds le{k fuEufyf[kr nLrkostksa
gSA
dh çLrqfr vko';drk gksrh gS & eè;kofèkd O;o
eqækLQhfr ds çHkko% :ijs[kk fooj.k (MTEF)] eè;kofèk jktdks"kh; uhfr
fooj.k] jktdks"kh; uhfr j.kuhfr fooj.k vkSj O;kid
● fLFkj ewY; (Constant price) ds ekeys esa
vkÆFkd :ijs[kk fooj.kA
eqækLQhfr dks fiNys ,d o"kZ esa fLFkj ekuk tkrk gS]
tcfd orZeku ewY; esa orZeku eqækLQhfr dks tksM+k ● ifj.kkeh ctV is'k fd;k tkuk] ljdkj }kjk dh tkus
tkrk gSA fiNys o"kZ dks *vkèkkj o"kZ* Hkh dgk tkrk okyh ,d dk;Zdkjh dkjZokÃ gksrh gSA o"kZ 2017&18
gSA tuojh ls Hkkjr esa vkèkkj o"kZ 2011&12 gSA rks ls] ;g fu.kZ; fy;k x;k gS fd 68 ea=ky;ksa vkSj
nksuksa dherksa ds chp dk varj flQZ egaxkÃ ds dkj.k foHkkxksa dh ;kstukvksa ds ifj.kke] ctV nLrkostksa ds
gSA ,d Hkkx ds :i esa foÙkh; ifjO;; ds lkFk miyCèk
gksaxs] rkfd çR;sd ;kstuk ds fy, Li"V :i ls
● ewyHkwr vFkZ'kkL=% mPp eqækLQhfr ds ifj.kkeLo:i
RE
Ø; 'kfä detksj gksrh gS blfy, ljdkj vkSj dsaæh; ifjHkkf"kr mís'; vkSj y{; dks lHkh ns[k ldsaA
cSad vFkZO;oLFkk esa eqæk vkiwÆr dks de djus ds fy, fo"k;% Hkkjr dh jktdks"kh; uhfr
_.k uhfr dks dM+k djrk gSA blls vFkZO;oLFkk esa mi&fo"k;% Hkkjr esa jktdks"kh; lesdu
ekax ?kV tkrh gS tks fuos'k dks vkSj de dj nsrh
gSA 39. lgh fodYi% (b)
● ºzkleku çHkko ls vfHkçk;] futh O;; ij iM+us okyk O;k[;k%
lkoZtfud mèkkj dk çHkko gSA
O ● dFku 2 xyr gS% CCI ls igys foy;ksa vkSj vfèkxzg.kksa
fo"k;% eqækLQhfr dk fofu;eu MRTP vfèkfu;e ds varxZr MRTP
mi&fo"k;% eqækLQhfr ds çHkko vk;ksx }kjk fd;k tkrk FkkA
SC
38. lgh fodYi% (c) ● dFku 4 xyr gS% ljdkj us Hkkjr esa 350 djksM+ #i;s
ls de ifjlaifÙk ;k 1]000 djksM+ #i;s ls de
O;k[;k% jktLo okyh Qeks± dks foy; vkSj vfèkxzg.k laO;ogkj
● nksuksa dFku xyr gSa ds fy, vk;ksx dh iwoZ Loh—fr ysus ls eqDr dj fn;k
gSA
Hkkjr esa jktdks"kh; lesdu (Fiscal Consolidation
in India) Hkkjrh; çfrLièkkZ vk;ksx (CCI)
GS
● 2007&08 esa oSfÜod foÙkh; ladV (vkSj detksj ● Hkkjrh; çfrLièkkZ vk;ksx (CCI) dh LFkkiuk
ekax) ds dkj.k] dsaæ vkSj jkT;ksa nksuksa ds jktdks"kh; çfrLièkkZ vfèkfu;e] 2002 ds varxZr bl vfèkfu;e
mís';ksa dks fuyafcr dj fn;k x;k Fkk vkSj FRBM ds ç'kklu] dk;kZUo;u vkSj çorZu ds fy, dh xÃ
vfèkfu;e esa vfuok;Z fd, x, jktdks"kh; lesdu dks Fkh vkSj ekpZ 2009 esa bldk fofèkor xBu fd;k
jksd fn;k x;k FkkA x;k FkkA ;g vfèkfu;e çfrLièkkZ&jksèkh le>kSrksa]
m|eksa }kjk opZLo dh fLFkfr dl nq#i;ksx jksdrk
● ladV dh vofèk dks ns[krs gq, vFkZO;oLFkk esa ekax
gS vkSj la;kstuksa (vfèkxzg.k] fu;a=.k gkfly djuk
dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, ljdkj }kjk O;; esa o`f) dh
vkSj foy; vkSj vfèkxzg.k) dks fu;af=r djrk gS]
vko';drk eglwl dh xÃA
ftudk Hkkjr ds Hkhrj çfrLièkkZ ij çfrdwy çHkko
● jktdks"kh; çksRlkgu (stimulus) ds ifj.kkeLo:i] iM+ ldrk gS ;k iM+us dh laHkkouk gksrh gSA vk;ksx
ljdkj jktdks"kh; lesdu ds iFk ls nwj pyh xÃ ds fuEufyf[kr mís'; gSaA
gSA
● gky gh esa] fiNys o"kZ loksZPp U;k;ky; esa Hkkjr
● gkykafd] mYys[kuh; gS fd iwoZ&ladV vofèk ds nkSjku ds nwjlapkj fu;ked Hkkjrh; nwjlapkj fu;ked
jktdks"kh; lesdu ds ekxZ dk l[rh ls ikyu djus çkfèkdj.k (TRAI)] vkSj Hkkjrh; çfrLièkkZ vk;ksx
ls] çfr pØh; jktdks"kh; uhfr dk ikyu djus ds (CCI) dks fu.kkZ;d eqdkcys esa can dj fn;k x;k]
fy, i;kZIr jktdks"kh; volj mRiUu gqvkA D;ksafd nksuksa dk nwjlapkj esa çfrLièkkZ&jksèkh eqíksa ij
● jktdks"kh; mÙkjnkf;Ro vkSj ctV çcaèku (FRBM) {ks=kfèkdkj ds vfèkdkjksa dk nkok FkkA TRAI us
2003 esa ,d vfèkfu;e cu x;kA vfèkfu;e dk ;g dgrs gq, 'kh"kZ U;k;ky; ds le{k gLr{ksi dk
17 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
vkosnu nk;j fd;k Fkk fd mldk bl {ks=d ij 41. lgh fodYi% (d)
ÞvuU; {ks=kfèkdkjß gS] ftldk CCI }kjk fojksèk
fd;k x;kA fu"i{k O;olk; fu;ked us rdZ fn;k fd
O;k[;k%
çfrLièkkZ&fojksèkh O;ogkj ;k opZLo ds nq#i;ksx dh ● nksuksa dFku lgh gSaAA
tk¡p djuk mldh 'kfä;ksa ds Hkhrj vkrk gSA
foÜo Lo.kZ ifj"kn
● CCI ls igys foy;ksa vkSj vfèkxzg.kksa dk fofu;eu
● fo'o dh dqN lokZfèkd çxfr'khy [kuu daifu;ksa
MRTP vfèkfu;e ds varxZr MRTP vk;ksx }kjk
}kjk 1987 esa foÜo Lo.kZ ifj"kn dk xBu fd;k x;k
fd;k tkrk FkkA
FkkA
● CCI ^xzhu pSuy* dks la;kstuksa ds fy, vuqeksnu dh
● Lo.kZ ckt+kj vkSj Lo.kZ ckt+kj ds çfrHkkfx;ksa dh
Lopkfyr ç.kkyh ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr djrk gS ftlesa
lsok djus gsrq blds fe'ku ds rhu çeq[k LraHk gSaA
la;kstu dks fuèkkZfjr çk:i esa uksfVl nkf[ky djus
fuEufyf[kr esa ls çR;sd {ks=d esa blds dke ds
ij vuqeksfnr ekuk tkrk gSA fo"k; esa vfèkd tkusa%
● ljdkj us Hkkjr esa 350 djksM+ #i;s ls de ifjlaifÙk ♦ le> esa lqèkkj ykuk
;k 1]000 djksM+ #i;s ls de jktLo okyh Qeks± dks
foy; vkSj vfèkxzg.k laO;ogkj ds fy, vk;ksx dh ♦ igqap esa lqèkkj ykuk
iwoZ Loh—fr ysus ls eqDr dj fn;k gSA ;g lqèkkj ns'k ♦ foÜokl esa lqèkkj ykuk
RE
esa O;kikj djus dh lqxerk dks c<+kok nsus ds ljdkj ♦ foÜo Lo.kZ ifj"kn ds lnL;
ds mís'; ds vuq:i gS vkSj blls Hkkjr çR;{k fons'kh
● foÜo Lo.kZ ifj"kn ds 32 lnL; fo'o dh dqN lokZfèkd
fuos'k ds fy, vfèkd vkd"kZd xarO; cuus dh mEehn çxfr'khy [kuu daifu;k¡ gSaA mudk eq[;ky; fo'o
gSA Hkj esa gS vkSj 45 ls vfèkd ns'kksa esa [kuu dk;Z djrh
fo"k;% ljdkjh fudk; gSaA
mi&fo"k;% Hkkjrh; çfrLièkkZ vk;ksx
O
fo"k;% varjkZ"Vªh; fudk;
mi&fo"k;% foÜo Lo.kZ ifj"kn
40. lgh fodYi% (d)
O;k[;k% 42. lgh fodYi% (d)
SC
● lHkh ;qXe lgh lqesfyr gSaA O;k[;k%

● lHkh dFku lgh gSaA
fofHkUu lfefr;k¡
● rkjkiqj lfefr & 1997 esa] Hkkjrh; fjt+oZ cSad (RBI) ckSf)d laink vfèkdkj ds çdkj
us RBI ds iwoZ fMIVh xouZj ,l-,l- rkjkiksj dh ● d‚ihjkbV viuh lkfgfR;d vkSj dykRed jpukvksa
vè;{krk esa iw¡th [kkrs dh ifjorZuh;rk ds fy, ÞjksM ij jpukdkjksa }kjk j[ks tkus okys vfèkdkjksa dk o.kZu
GS
eSi rS;kj djusß ds fy, iw¡th [kkrk ifjorZuh;rk ij djus ds fy, mi;ksx fd;k tkus okyk dkuwuh 'kCn
lfefr dk xBu fd;k FkkA gSA d‚ihjkbV esa 'kkfey —fr;ksa esa iqLrdksa] laxhr]
● jaxjktu lfefr dk xBu xjhch dk vuqeku yxkus fp=ksa] ewÆrdyk vkSj fQYeksa ls ysdj daI;wVj çksxzke]
ds fy, fd;k x;k FkkA fccsd nscj‚; lfefr dk MsVkcsl] foKkiu] ekufp= vkSj rduhdh fp= rd
xBu Hkkjrh; jsyos ds iquxZBu ds fy, fd;k x;k 'kkfey gSaA
FkkA ● isVsaV fdlh vkfo"dkj ds fy, fn;k x;k vuU;
vfèkdkj gksrk gSA lkekU;r%] isVsaV }kjk isVsaV Lokfe;ksa
● mÆtr iVsy lfefr dks Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad dh
dks ;g r; djus dk vfèkdkj çnku fd;k tkrk gS
orZeku ekSfæd uhfr dh :ijs[kk dh tkap djus ds
fd dSls & ;k – D;k vkfo"dkj dk mi;ksx nwljksa
fy, fu;qä fd;k x;k FkkA bldh vè;{krk RBI dh
}kjk fd;k tk ldrk gS ;k ugÈA
ekSfæd uhfr dh :ijs[kk dks etcwr djus ds fy,
Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad ds fMIVh xouZj mÆtr iVsy }kjk ● VªsMekdZ og ladsr ;k fpà gksrk gS tks ,d m|e dh
dh xÃ FkhA oLrqvksa ;k lsokvksa dks vU; m|eksa ls vyx djus esa
l{ke gksrk gSA VªsMekdZ dk mi;ksx fdlh u fdlh
● dsydj lfefr Hkkjr esa çpfyr lkoZtfud&futh :i esa çkphu dky ls pyk vk jgk gS tc dkjhxj
Hkkxhnkjh (PPP) e‚My dk vè;;u vkSj ewY;kadu vius mRiknksa ij viuk gLrk{kj ;k Þfpàß vafdr
djus ds fy, xfBr dh xÃ FkhA fd;k djrs FksA
fo"k;% fofHkUu lfefr;k¡ fo"k;% ckSf)d laink vfèkdkj
mi&fo"k;% lfefr;k¡ mi&fo"k;% ckSf)d laink vfèkdkj ds çdkj
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 18
43. lgh fodYi% (d) ● RBI us _.kksa ds fy, C;kt dh njsa fuèkkZfjr djus
ds fy, 1 vçSy 2016 dks MCLR ykxw fd;k FkkA
O;k[;k%
● MCLR cSadksa ds fy, C;kt dh nj fuèkkZfjr djus
● dFku 1 xyr gS% ;g oL= ea=ky; ds vèkhu dk;Z
gsrq vkarfjd lanHkZ nj gS tks os _.kksa ij yxk ldrs
djrk gSA
gSaA
● dFku 2 xyr gS% ifj"kn dk vè;{k ifj"kn dh dk;Zdkjh
● dÃ ?kVdksa ls feydj lhekar ykxr curh gS%
lfefr }kjk pquk tkrk gSA
♦ QaM dh lhekar ykxr & blesa mèkkjh dh lhekar
ifjèkku fu;kZr laoèkZu ifj"kn ykxr vkSj fuoy ewY; ij çfrQy 'kkfey gSA
● 1978 esa fuxfer AEPC Hkkjr esa ifjèkku fu;kZrdksa ♦ ifjpkyu ykxr & cSadksa }kjk ogu fd, tkus
dk vkfèkdkfjd fudk; gSA ;g Hkkjrh; fu;kZrdksa ds okys bu [kpks± esa èku tqVkus dh ykxr 'kkfey
lkFk&lkFk oL=ksa ds fy, vius ilanhnk lzksrhdj.k gSA blesa lsok çHkkjksa ds ekè;e ls olwy dh xÃ
xarO; ds :i esa Hkkjr dks pquus okys vk;krdksa@ ykxr 'kkfey ugÈ gSA
varjkZ"Vªh; [kjhnkjksa dks Hkh vewY; lgk;rk çnku
♦ udn jsiks nj (CRR) ds dkj.k _.kkRed
djrk gSA
ifjpkyu & ;g cl mu [kpks± dks lanÆHkr djrk
● AEPC cgqr lkjh miyfCèk;ksa ds ihNs dke djus gS tks cSadksa dks RBI ds ikl fjtoZ cuk, j[kus
RE
okyk çsj.kknk;h 'kfä jgk gS% ds fy, [kpZ djuk iM+rk gSA
● bldk çèkku dk;kZy; xqM+xkao esa gS vkSj iath—r ♦ mPp çhfe;e & ;g C;kt dh og mPp nj gS
dk;kZy; vks[kyk esa gS vkSj iwjs Hkkjr esa blds 10 tks cSad nh?kZdkfyd _.kksa ij çHkkfjr dj ldrs
dk;kZy; gSaA gSaA
● AEPC vkt ifjèkku fofuekZ.k vkSj fu;kZr dk laoèkZu
djus okyk vkSj lqxe cukus okyk ,d 'kfä'kkyh MCLR ds varxZr NwVsa
fudk; gSA
O ● MCLR fuf'pr nj okys _.kksa ij ykxw ugÈ gksrk
● Hkkjrh; fu;kZrdksa ds fy,] AEPC lwpuk] lykg gSA ;fn vkius fuf'pr C;kt nj ij dkj _.k] x`g
rduhdh ekxZn'kZu] dk;Zcy vkSj ckt+kj vklwpuk _.k] O;fäxr _.k ;k dksÃ vU; _.k fy;k gS rks
dk lesfdr dsaæ gSA blds lnL;ksa dh v|ru MCLR vki ij ykxw ugÈ gksxkA
SC
O;kikj vkadM+ksa] laHkkfor cktkj vkSj varjjk"Vªh; esyksa ● dsoy cSad gh MCLR O;oLFkk dk ikyu djrs gSaA
dh tkudkjh rd igqap gksrh gS vkSj ;g bu esyksa foÙk daifu;ksa vkSj xSj&cSaÇdx foÙkh; daifu;ksa ls
esa Hkkx ysus esa mudh lgk;rk djrk gSA ;g u, fy;k x;k dksÃ Hkh _.k bl O;oLFkk ds varxZr
cktkjksa dh igpku djus vkSj fofHkUu ns'kksa esa O;kikj ugÈ vkrk gSA blesa bafM;k cqYl] LIC gkmÇlx
çfrfufèkeaMyksa dk usr`Ro djus esa Hkh cM+h Hkwfedk Qkbusal] nhoku gkmÇlx (DHFL)] HDFC vkfn
fuHkkrk gSA tSls NBFC 'kkfey gSaA
GS
● ifjèkku fu;kZr laoèkZu ifj"kn dk vè;{k ifjèkku ● ljdkjh ;kstukvksa ds varxZr vkus okys _.kksa dks
fu;kZr laoèkZu ifj"kn dh dk;Zdkjh lfefr }kjk pquk MCLR ls NwV nh xÃ gS D;ksafd C;kt dh nj
tkrk gSA dk;Zdkjh lfefr esa ljdkj vkSj m|ksx ljdkj }kjk fuèkkZfjr dh tkrh gSA
nksuksa dk çfrfufèkRo gksrk gSA fo"k;% ekSfæd uhfr
fo"k;% ljdkjh fudk; mi&fo"k;% MCLR
mi&fo"k;% ifjèkku fu;kZr laoèkZu ifj"kn
45. lgh fodYi% (b)
44. lgh fodYi% (a)
O;k[;k%
O;k[;k%
● dFku 2 xyr gSA
● dFku 2 xyr gS% foÙk daifu;ksa vkSj xSj&cSaÇdx foÙkh;
daifu;ksa ls fy;k x;k dksÃ Hkh _.k bl O;oLFkk ds jk"Vªh; vk; dk ys[kkadu
varxZr ugÈ vkrk gSA ● çfr O;fä ldy ?kjsyw mRikn fdlh ns'k esa gksus okys
QaM dh lhekar ykxr vkèkkfjr mèkkjh nj (MCLR) dqy mRiknu dh eki gSA ;g ldy ?kjsyw mRikn
(GDP) ls ns'k esa yksxksa dh la[;k dks foHkkftr dj
● MCLR us okf.kfT;d cSadksa ds fy, _.kçnk; dh
fudkyk tkrk gSA ,d ns'k ls nwljs ns'k dh rqyuk
njsa fuèkkZfjr djus ds fy, igys dh vkèkkj nj ç.kkyh djrs le; çfr O;fä ldy ?kjsyw mRikn fo'ks"k
dk LFkku fy;k gSA :i ls mi;ksxh gksrk gS] D;ksafd ;g ns'kksa dk lkis{k
19 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
çn'kZu n'kkZrk gSA çfr O;fä ldy ?kjsyw mRikn 47. lgh fodYi% (c)
esa o`f) vFkZO;oLFkk esa o`f) dk ladsr nsrh gS vkSj
O;k[;k%
mRikndrk esa o`f) n'kkZrh gSA
● fodYi (c) lgh gS% dsaæh; lkoZtfud {ks=d ds m|eksa
● çfr O;fä ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk fdlh ns'k ds
esa ljdkjh bfDoVh ds fofuos'k ls çkfIr;k¡] j.kuhfrd
dk;Zcy dh mRikndrk dk ekiu djus ds fy, Hkh
fofuos'k vkSj ,sls gh vU; ysunsuksa ls çkfIr;k¡A
mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS] D;ksafd ;g fdlh fn,
x, jk"Vª esa dk;Zcy ds çR;sd lnL; }kjk mRikfnr jktLo çkfIr;k¡
oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dh dqy eki gSA
● jktLo ctV & blesa jktLo O;; vkSj jktLo
● çfr O;fä vk; fdlh vFkZO;oLFkk ds Hkhrj fLFkjrk çkfIr;k¡ 'kkfey gksrh gSaA
vkSj èkulaifÙk dh eki ds :i esa dk;Z djrh gSA
● jktLo çkfIr;k¡ os çkfIr;k¡ gksrh gSa ftudk ljdkj dh
● ldy ewY; oèkZu (GVA) fdlh {ks=d] m|ksx ;k ifjlaifÙk;ksa vkSj ns;rkvksa ij dksÃ lhèkk çHkko ugÈ
vFkZO;oLFkk ds fdlh {ks=d esa mRikfnr oLrqvksa iM+rk gSA blesa ljdkj }kjk dj ds ekè;e ls vÆtr
vkSj lsokvksa ds ewY; dh eki gSA ldy ewY; oèkZu èku (tSls fd mRikn 'kqYd] vk;dj) vkSj xSj&dj
mRiknd i{k ls ;k vkiwÆr i{k ls vkÆFkd xfrfofèk;ksa lzksr (tSls ykHkka'k vk;] ykHk vkSj C;kt çkfIr;ka)
dh fLFkfr n'kkZrk gS] tcfd GDP miHkksäk i{k ls ;k 'kkfey gSaA
ekax i{k ls fLFkfr n'kkZrk gSA
●
RE
jktLo O;; ljdkj }kjk fd;k tkus okyk og O;;
fo"k;% jk"Vªh; vk; dk ys[kkadu gS ftlls mldh ifjlaifÙk;k¡ ;k ns;rk,a çHkkfor ugÈ
mi&fo"k;% jk"Vªh; vk; ds ys[kkadu dh 'kCnkoyh gksrh gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy,] blesa osru] C;kt Hkqxrku]
isa'ku vkSj ç'kklfud O;; 'kkfey gSA
46. lgh fodYi% (a)
fo"k;% ctV
O;k[;k% mi&fo"k;% jktLo çkfIr;k¡
O
● dFku 1 xyr gS% EXIM cSad iw.kZr;k Hkkjr ljdkj ds
LokfeRokèkhu gSaA 48. lgh fodYi% (a)
O;k[;k%
EXIM cSad
SC
● dFku 2 xyr gS% jktLo çkfIr;k¡ os çkfIr;k¡ gSa ftuls u
● Hkkjrh; fu;kZr&vk;kr cSad (EXIM cSad) iw.kZr;k
rks ns;rkvks dk fuekZ.k gksrk gS vkSj u gh ifjlaifÙk;ksa
Hkkjr ljdkj ds LokfeRokèkhu fo'ks"kh—r foÙkh; laLFkk
esa deh vkrh gSA
gS] ftldh Hkkjr ds fons'kh O;kikj dk foÙkiks"k.k
djus] lqfoèkktud cukus vkSj laoèkZu djus ds fy, jktLo ?kkVk
1982 esa LFkkiuk dh xÃ FkhA
● jktLo ?kkVk dqy jktLo çkfIr;ksa dh rqyuk esa dqy
● EXIM cSad fons'kh foÙkh; laLFkkuksa] {ks=h; fodkl jktLo O;; dk vkfèkD; gSA jktLo ?kkVk dsoy
GS
cSadksa] laçHkq ljdkjksa vkSj fons'kksa esa vU; laLFkkvksa ljdkj ds jktLo O;; vkSj jktLo çkfIr;ksa ls
dks _.k lgk;rk (LOC) çnku djrk gS] rkfd lacafèkr gksrk gSA
mu ns'kksa esa [kjhnkj vkLFkfxr _.k dh 'krks± ij
Hkkjr ls fodkl lacaèkh vkSj volajpuk ifj;kstukvksa] ● dqy jktLo O;; vkSj dqy jktLo çkfIr;ksa ds chp
midj.kksa] oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dk vk;kr dj ldsaA dk varj jktLo ?kkVk gksrk gSA
● EXIM cSad us ifj;kstuk fu;kZr c<+kus ij cgqr tksj

● jktLo ?kkVk bafxr djrk gS fd ljdkj ds ikl
fn;k gS] ftlds fy, Øsrk _.k&jk"Vªh; fu;kZr chek ljdkjh foHkkxksa ds lkekU; dkedkt ds fy, i;kZIr
[kkrk (BC&NEIA) dk;ZØe vkjaHk gksus ds lkFk jktLo ugÈ gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] tc ljdkj viuh
foÙk iks"k.k fodYi c<+k;k x;k gSA ;g cSad Hkkjrh; dekÃ ls vfèkd [kpZ djus yxrh gS rks bldk
daifu;ksa }kjk Hkkjr esa çkS|ksfxdh vk;kr vkSj fons'kksa ifj.kke jktLo ?kkVk gksrk gSA
esa la;qä m|e] lgk;d daifu;k¡ ;k miØe LFkkfir ● jktLo ?kkVk ljdkj dks fofuos'k djus ;k mèkkj
djus ds fy, fuos'k dk foÙiks"k.k dj nks&rjQ+k ysdj deh dks iwjk djus ds fy, ckè; djrk gSA
çkS|ksfxdh gLrkarj.k dh lqfoèkk çnku djrk gSA ● jktLo ?kkVk% dqy jktLo çkfIr;k¡&dqy jktLo
● bl cSad us $50 djksM+ vesfjdh M‚yj ds csapekdZ O;;A
vkdkj okyk Hkkjr dk igyk USD ewY;oxZ okyk gfjr ● jktLo ?kkVk dsoy ljdkj dh jktLo çkfIr;ksa vkSj
caèki= tkjh fd;k gSA jktLo O;; ls lacafèkr gSA
fo"k;% cSadksa ds çdkj fo"k;% ?kkVs ds çdkj
mi&fo"k;% EXIM cSad mi&fo"k;% jktLo ?kkVk
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 20
49. lgh fodYi% (c) ● cSad nj esa o`f)% cSad nj dsaæh; cSad }kjk okf.kfT;d
cSadksa dks fdlh tekur ds fcuk fn, x, _.kksa ij
O;k[;k% çHkkfjr dh tkus okyh nj gSA cSad nj ljdkj dh
● dFku 1 xyr gS% eqækLQhfr gksus dh vfèkd laHkkouk ekSfæd uhfr ds varxZr ek=kRed _.k fu;a=.k mik;
gksrh gS D;ksafd vk;kr vfèkd egaxs gks tkrs gSa ftlls gS D;ksafd ;g vFkZO;oLFkk esa eqæk dh lexz vkiwÆr
ykxr&çsfjr eqækLQhfr iSnk gksrh gS vkSj fu;kZr fu;af=r djrk gSA eqækLQhfr ds nkSjku] okf.kfT;d
lLrk gksus ds lkFk fofuekZrkvksa ds fy, ykxr esa cSadksa }kjk lk[k fuekZ.k dh ek=k de dj vFkZO;oLFkk
dVkSrh djus vkSj vfèkd n{k cuus ds fy, de esa dqy eqæk vkiwÆr de djus ds fy, cSad nj c<+k
çksRlkgu gks ldrk gSA nh tkrh gSA
● caè;kdj.k – RBI vkaf'kd :i ls M‚yj dh cktkj
eqæk dk voewY;u esa ck<+ jksdus vkSj M‚yj dk ewY; de djus &
● voewY;u 'kCn dk mi;ksx rc fd;k tkrk gS tc ijks{k :i ls #i, dk ewY; c<+kus ds fy, cSadksa vkSj
ljdkj fu'fpr nj okyh ç.kkyh ds varxZr eqæk dk fu;kZrdksa ls M‚yj Hkh [kjhnrk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa]
ewY; ?kVk nsrh gSA tc eqæk dk ewY; py nj okyh dsaæh; cSad dh varjfØ;k dk okaNuh; mís'; gksrk
ç.kkyh ds varxZr fxjrk gS] rks bldks ewY;ºzkl dgk gS & #i;s dk voewY;u jksduk] ftlls Hkkjr dk
tkrk gSA fu;kZr vfèkd çfrLièkÊ cu tk,xk] ysfdu rjyrk
c<+ tk,xhA bldk eqdkcyk djus ds fy,] RBI og
RE
● iquewZY;u og 'kCn gS ftldk mi;ksx rc fd;k tkrk
djrk gS ftls og Þcaè;kdj.kß dgrk gSA caè;kdj.k
gS tc fuf'pr fofue; nj esa fons'kh eqæk ds lacaèk
esa caèki= dh fcØh ds ekè;e ls M‚yj ds fy,
esa eqæk dk ewY; c<+ tkrk gSA py fofue; nj okyh
Hkqxrku fd;k x;k #i;k cktkj ls pwl fy;k tkrk
ç.kkyh esa] lgh 'kCn ewY;o`f) gksxkA
gSA
fo"k;% fofue; nj dk çcaèku
fo"k;% foÙkh; lekos'ku
mi&fo"k;% voewY;u
mi&fo"k;% jk"Vªh; foÙkh; fLop
O
50. lgh fodYi% (b) 51. lgh fodYi% (d)
O;k[;k% O;k[;k%
SC
● dFku 4 xyr gS% eqækLQhfr dks fu;af=r djus ds fy, ● nksuksa dFku lgh gSaA
cSad nj dks c<+k fn;k tkrk gSA
jk"Vªh; foÙkh; fLop
eqækLQhfr dks fu;af=r djus ds mik;
● jk"Vªh; foÙkh; fLop (NFS) Hkkjr esa lk>k Lopkfyr
● ;fn Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad eqækLQhfr ij yxke yxkus Vsyj e'khuksa (ATM) dk lcls cM+k usVodZ gSA ;g
ds fy, eqæk vkiwÆr de djuk pkgrk gS rks og viuh ns'k esa ATM dks vkil esa tksM+us vkSj lqfoèkktud
ekSfæd uhfr ds ek=kRed mik;ksa dk mi;ksx djrk
GS
cSaÇdx dh lqfoèkk çnku djus ds mís'; ls vfHkdfYir]

gSA fodflr vkSj ifjfu;ksftr fd;k x;k FkkA ;g
● jsiks njksa esa o`f) & ;g og nj gS ftl nj ij Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; Hkqxrku fuxe (NPCI) }kjk pyk;k
cSad RBI ls iSlk mèkkj ysrs gSaA jsiks nj c<+us ls tkrk gSA
okf.kfT;d cSadksa ds fy, RBI ls udn mèkkj ysuk ● 37 lnL;ksa okyk vkSj yxHkx 50]000 ATM dks
egaxk gks tkrk gS ftlls vFkZO;oLFkk esa eqæk dh tksM+us okyk jk"Vªh; foÙkh; fLop (NFS) ATM
vkiwÆr de gks tkrh gS vkSj eqækLQhfr ij yxke usVodZ NPCI }kjk 14 fnlacj] 2009 dks baLVhVîwV
yxkus esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA Q‚j MsoyiesaV ,aM fjlpZ bu cSaÇdx VsDuksy‚th
(IDRBT) ls vfèkx`ghr fd;k x;k FkkA dqN o"kks±
● CRR esa o`f)% udn vkjf{kr vuqikr (CRR)
dh vofèk esa] NFS ATM usVodZ dÃ xquk c<+ x;k
okf.kfT;d cSadksa dh dqy tek jkf'k;ksa dk og vuqikr
vkSj vc ;g ns'k esa vxz.kh cgqi{kh; ATM usVodZ
lanÆHkr djrk gS ftls mUgsa udnh ds :i esa dsaæh;
gSA 31 vxLr 22 rd] 1]229 lnL; Fks ftlesa 113
cSad ds ikl fjtoZ ds :i esa cuk, j[kuk gksrk gSA
çR;{k] 1]069 mi lnL;] 43 RRB vkSj 2-58 yk[k
udn vkjf{kr vuqikr esa o`f) ls] okf.kfT;d cSadksa
ATM (udnh tek e'khuksa@fjlkbdyjksa lfgr) ls
dks dsaæh; cSad ds ikl vfèkd udnh j[kuh iM+rh gS
tqM+s NFS usVodZ dk mi;ksx djus okys 4 WLAO
ftlls mudh lk[k fuekZ.k {kerk de gks tkrh gS 'kkfey FksA
vkSj blfy, vFkZO;oLFkk esa eqæk dh vkiwÆr Hkh de gks
tkrh gS ftlls eqækLQhfr dh fLFkfr Bhd gks tkrh ● NFS us vkarfjd {kerkvksa ds lkFk etcwr vkSj
gSA laèkkj.kh; ifjpkyu e‚My dh LFkkiuk dh gS vkSj
21 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
vkt bldh rqyuk vU; çeq[k vkSj lqLFkkfir fLop NSE çkS|ksfxdh vkSj uokpkj esa vxz.kh gS ftlus
usVodZ ls dh tk ldrh gSA ifjpkyu lacaèkh dk;Z bldh ç.kkyh dk mPp&Lrjh; çn'kZu lqfuf'pr
vkSj lsok,a vfèkdka'k oSfÜod ATM usVodZ ds lerqY; fd;k gSA
gSaA ● bldh Lopkfyr ç.kkyh cEcÃ LV‚d ,Dlpsat
(BSE) dh rqyuk esa bldks vfèkd foÜoluh; vkSj
eq[; fo'ks"krk,a dq'ky cukrh gSA
● NFS us mi&lnL;rk e‚My çpfyr fd;k gS tks
RRB vkSj LFkkuh; lgdkjh cSadksa lfgr NksVs] {ks=h; cEcÃ LV‚d ,Dlpsat
cSadksa dks ATM usVodZ esa çfrHkkfxrk djus esa l{ke ● cEcÃ LV‚d ,Dlpsat dh LFkkiuk 9 tqykÃ] 1875 dks
cukrk gSA gqÃ FkhA ;g ,f'k;k dk igyk LV‚d ,Dlpsat gSA
● NFS us 99-50% ls vfèkd dk ,fIyds'ku vkSj ● ;g Ng ekbØkslsdaM dh vkSlr O;kikj xfr ds lkFk
usVodZ viVkbe dk mPp ekud cuk, j[kk gS] fo'o dk lcls rst+ ,Dlpsat Hkh gSA
ftlls gekjs lnL; cSadksa dks laoÆèkr xzkgd vuqHko ● Hkkjr ljdkj us bldks vxLr 1957 esa çfrHkwfr
lqfuf'pr djus esa lgk;rk feyh gSA vuqcaèk (fofu;eu) vfèkfu;e] 1956 ds vuqlkj
vkfèkdkfjd :i ls ekU;rk nhA
● Hkkjrh; lek'kksèku ,oa fuiVku ç.kkyh (BCS) us
mPp ifjpkyu n{krk okys lnL;ksa vkSj LFkkuh; ● BSE 2012 esa la;qä jk"Vª laèkkj.kh; LV‚d ,Dlpsat
igy esa 'kkfey gqvkA
RE
fofu;kedh; vko';drkvksa ds vuqikyu ds vykok
usVodZ esa v‚uykbu ysunsu thou pØ çcaèku ● BSE esa yxHkx 5000 daifu;k¡ lwphc) gSaA
(pktZcSd] jh&çstsaVs'ku vkfn) esa lqxerk dks ykHkkfUor fo"k;% Hkkjr esa LV‚d ,Dlpsat
fd;k gSA mi&fo"k;% NSE vkSj BSE
● NPCI us fMLdoj Qkbusaf'k;y lÆol (DFS)]
53. lgh fodYi% (c)
tkiku ØsfMV C;wjks (JCB) vkSj pkbuk ;wfu;u is
O
baVjus'kuy (CUPI) tSlh varjkZ"Vªh; dkMZ ;kstukvksa O;k[;k%
ds lkFk Hkh djkj fd;k gSA ;g muds dkMZèkkjdksa dks ● dFku 1 xyr gS% fo'ks"k vkgj.k vfèkdkj (SDR) IMF
NFS usVodZ ls tqM+s ATM dk mi;ksx djus dh }kjk l`ftr varjjk"Vªh; vkjf{kr ifjlaifÙk gSA
vuqefr nsrk gSA
● dFku 3 xyr gS% SDR dk ewY; ikap çeq[k
SC
● èkks[kkèkM+h tksf[ke çcaèku (FRM) lekèkku ysunsuksa eqækvksa&vesfjdh M‚yj] ;wjks] phuh jWfUeUch (RMB)]
dh fuxjkuh (okLrfod le; esa) djus vkSj psrkouh tkikuh ;su vkSj fczfV'k ikmaM LVÉyx dh Vksdjh ij
mRiUu djus ;k NFS usVodZ esa ysunsu dks vLohdkj vkèkkfjr gSA
djus ds fy, ewY; oÆèkr lsok ds :i esa çnku fd;k
tkrk gSA fo'ks"k vkgj.k vfèkdkj (SDR)
fo"k;% foÙkh; lekos'ku ● fo'ks"k vkgj.k vfèkdkj (SDR) vius lnL; ns'kksa
ds vkfèkdkfjd fjtoZ dks iwjk djus ds fy, 1969
GS
mi&fo"k;% jk"Vªh; foÙkh; fLop

esa IMF }kjk l`ftr varjjk"Vªh; vkjf{kr ifjlaifÙk
gSAA
52. lgh fodYi% (d)
● SDR dk Lora= :i ls mi;ksx djus ;ksX; eqækvksa
O;k[;k% ls fofue; fd;k tk ldrk gSA
● nksuksa dFku lgh gSaA ● fo'ks"k vkgj.k vfèkdkj (SDR) 'kkL=h; vFkks± esa
ifjlaifÙk gS gkykafd iSlk ugÈ gS D;ksafd budk phtksa
Hkkjr esa LV‚d ,Dlpsat% dks [kjhnus ds fy, mi;ksx ugÈ fd;k tk ldrk
gSA SDR dk ewY; fo'o dh ikap çeq[k eqækvksa &
jk"Vªh; LV‚d ,Dlpsat vesfjdh M‚yj] ;wjks] ;qvku] ;su vkSj UK ikmaM dh
● jk"Vªh; LV‚d ,Dlpsat dh 1992 esa LFkkiuk dh xÃ Vksdjh ij vkèkkfjr gSA
FkhA bldks SEBI }kjk çfrHkwfr vuqcaèk (fofu;eu) ● SDR lnL; ns'kksa ds lkFk IMF ds ysunsuksa ds fy,
vfèkfu;e] 1956 ds varxZr LV‚d ,Dlpsat ds :i ys[kkadu dh bdkÃ gS & vkSj ns'kksa ds varjjk"Vªh;
esa ekU;rk nh xÃ Fkh vkSj bldk ifjpkyu 1994 esa vkjf{kr HkaMkj esa fLFkj ifjlaifÙk gSA
vkjaHk gqvk FkkA foØe fye;s jk"Vªh; LV‚d ,Dlpsat ● SDR dk ewY; ikap çeq[k eqækvksa&vesfjdh M‚yj]
v‚Q bafM;k fyfeVsM (NSE) ds çcaèk funs'kd vkSj ;wjks] phuh jWfUeUch (RMB)] tkikuh ;su vkSj fczfV'k
eq[; dk;Zdkjh vfèkdkjh gSaA ikmaM LVÉyx dh Vksdjh ij vkèkkfjr gSA
● ;g iwjh rjg ls dEI;wVjh—r bysDVª‚fud VªsÇMx fo"k;% varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k
çnku djus okyk Hkkjr dk igyk ,Dlpsat FkkA mi&fo"k;% fo'ks"k vkgj.k vfèkdkj
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 22
54. lgh fodYi% (a) xSj&cSaÇdx foÙk daifu;k¡ (NBFC)
O;k[;k% ● NBFC daiuh vfèkfu;e] 1956 ds varxZr iath—r
daiuh gSaA NBFC _.k vkSj vfxzeksa dk O;olk;
● dFku 2 xyr gS% uxjikfydk _.k fofu;e ds varxZr djrs gSa] ljdkjh ;k vU; foi.ku ;ksX; çfrHkwfr;ksa dk
uxjikfydk _.k çfrHkwfr;ksa dh fuxZeudrkZ dksÃ vfèkxzg.k djrs gSa] iês ij mBkrs gSa] fdjk;k&[kjhn]
Hkh uxjikfydk ;k fdlh dsaæh; ;k jkT; vfèkfu;e chek O;olk; vkSj fpV O;olk; djrs gSaA
}kjk LFkkfir ;k vfèklwfpr dksÃ Hkh lkafofèkd fudk;
● NBFC esa ,slh dksÃ bdkÃ 'kkfey ugÈ gS ftldk
;k cksMZ ;k fuxe] çkfèkdj.k] VªLV ;k vfHkdj.k ;k
çeq[k O;olk; —f"k xfrfofèk] vkS|ksfxd xfrfofèk]
jkT; ljdkj ;k dsaæ ljdkj }kjk vfèklwfpr dksÃ fdlh oLrq dh [kjhn ;k fcØh (çfrHkwfr;ksa ls fHkUu)
Hkh fo'ks"k ç;kstu okgu gks ldrk gSA ;k dksÃ lsok çnku djuk vkSj vpy laifÙk dh
fcØh@[kjhn@fuekZ.k djuk gSA
uxjikfydk _.k çfrHkwfr;k¡
● uxjikfydk _.k çfrHkwfr;k¡ vifjorZuh; _.k cSad ls varj%
çfrHkwfr;k¡ gksrh gSa tks _.kxzLrrk dks l`ftr ;k ● NBFC }kjk ekax tekvksa dks ugÈ Lohdkj fd;k tk
Lohdkj djrh gSa] vkSj blesa _.ki=] caèki= vkSj ldrk gS (ysfdu dqN NBFC }kjk lkofèk tekvksa
fuxZeudrkZ dh ,slh vU; çfrHkwfr;k¡ 'kkfey gSa] tks dks Lohdkj fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj ,sls NBFC dks
uxjikfydk _.k fofu;eksa ds lanHkZ esa tkjh dh xÃ ekax tek Lohdkj djus okyk NBFC dgk tkrk gS)A
RE
gksrh gSaA ● NBFC Hkqxrku vkSj fuiVku ç.kkyh dk Hkkx ugÈ gSa
● uxjikfydk _.k fofu;eksa ds varxZr uxjikfydk vkSj Lo;a ij vkgfjr psd ugÈ tkjh dj ldrs gSa(
_.k çfrHkwfr;ksa dh fuxZeudrkZ bl 'krZ ds vèkhu dksÃ ● tek chek vkSj ØsfMV xkjaVh fuxe dh tek chek
Hkh uxjikfydk ;k fdlh dsaæh; ;k jkT; vfèkfu;e lqfoèkk NBFC ds tekdrkZvksa ds fy, ugÈ miyCèk
}kjk LFkkfir ;k vfèklwfpr dksÃ Hkh lkafofèkd fudk; gSA
O
;k cksMZ ;k fuxe] çkfèkdj.k] VªLV ;k vfHkdj.k ;k ● cSadksa ds foijhr] fdlh Hkh NBFC ij CRR ugÈ
jkT; ljdkj ;k dsaæ ljdkj }kjk vfèklwfpr dksÃ ykxw gksrk gS] tcfd orZeku esa 15% dk vis{kk—r
Hkh fo'ks"k ç;kstu okgu gks ldrk gS fd og Hkkjr de SLR dsoy tek Lohdkj djus okys NBFC ij
ds lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 243W ds varxZr lkSais x, ykxw gksrk gSA
SC
,d ;k vfèkd dk;Z djrk gSA ● NBFC dks daiuh vfèkfu;e] 1956 ds varxZr vkSj
● blds vykok] Hkkjr ljdkj dh lafpr foÙk fodkl cSadksa dks cSaÇdx fofu;eu vfèkfu;e 1949 ds varxZr
fufèk ;kstuk ds varxZr LFkkfir dksÃ Hkh lajpuk ;k ykblsal feyrk gSA
fuxe fudk; ftl ij daiuh vfèkfu;e] 2013 ykxw ● NBFC ds çdkj% NBFC dks nks O;kid 'kh"kks± esa
gksrk gS] tks uxjikfydk _.k fofu;eksa ds vuqlkj oxÊ—r fd;k tk ldrk gS%
uxjikfydk _.k çfrHkwfr;ksa dh is'kd'k djrk gS ;k ● mudh xfrfofèk dh ç—fr ds vkèkkj ij% blesa vkokl
GS
is'kd'k djus dk çLrko djrk gS] dks bl 'krZ ds foRr daiuh] fuos'k daiuh] lw{e foRr daiuh@laLFkku
vèkhu fuxZeudrkZ ds :i esa vuqefr fn;k x;k ekuk (MFI) vkfn 'kkfey gSaA
tk,xk fd og Hkkjr ds lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 243W
● tekjkf'k;ksa ds vkèkkj ij% tek Lohdkj djus okys
ds varxZr lkSais x, ,d ;k ,d ls vfèkd dk;ks± dks
NBFC vkSj tek u Lohdkj djus okys NBFCA
djus okys O;fä ds fy, èku tqVkus ds mís'; ls
jkT; ljdkj (ljdkjksa) ;k dsaæ ljdkj }kjk LFkkfir vkokl foÙk daiuh (HFC)
fd;k x;k gSA ● vkokl foÙk daiuh (HFC) daiuh vfèkfu;e] 1956
fo"k;% _.k foi= ds varxZr iath—r daiuh gSa tks çR;{k ;k vçR;{k
mi&fo"k;% uxjikfydk _.k çfrHkwfr;k¡ :i ls vkokl ds fy, foÙk çnku djus dk O;olk;
djrh gS ;k ftudk çeq[k mís'; vkokl ds fy, foÙk
55. lgh fodYi% (a) çnku djus dk O;olk; djuk gksrk gSA
● RBI fofu;eksa ds varxZr HFC dks NBFC ekuk
O;k[;k%
tkrk gSA
● dFku 3 xyr gS% NBFC }kjk ekax tekvksa dks ugÈ
● fiNys o"kZ] HFC dk fofu;eu jk"Vªh; vkokl cSad
Lohdkj fd;k tk ldrk gS (ysfdu dqN NBFC
ls ysdj RBI dks lkSai fn;k x;kA
}kjk lkofèk tekvksa dks Lohdkj fd;k tk ldrk gS
fo"k;% foÙkh; laLFkku
vkSj ,sls NBFC dks ek¡x tek Lohdkj djus okyk
mi&fo"k;% NBFC
NBFC dgk tkrk gS)A
23 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
56. lgh fodYi% (b) foÙkh; lk{kjrk dsaæ (CFL) ifj;kstuk &
O;k[;k% ● ;g lkeqnkf;d –f"Vdks.k ds ekè;e ls foÙkh; f'k{kk
çnku djus dk uokpkjh rjhdk gSA
● fodYi (b) lgh gS
● 2017 esa RBI }kjk pqÇunk cSadksa vkSj xSj ljdkjh
fuos'k ds e‚Myksa ds çdkj laxBuksa (NGO) dks 'kkfey dj ç[kaM Lrj ij
foÙkh; lk{kjrk ds fy, ,d uokpkjh vkSj lgHkkxh
cukvks pykvks vkSj gLrkarfjr djks (BOT) pqaxh e‚My% –f"Vdks.k ds :i esa CFL ifj;kstuk dh voèkkj.kk
● bl e‚My ds varxZr] lM+d fodkldrkZ }kjk lM+d fodflr dh xÃ FkhA
dk fuekZ.k fd;k tkrk gS vkSj mldks pqaxh laxzg ds ● çkjaHk esa çk;ksfxd vkèkkj ij 100 ç[kaM esa vkjaHk dh
ekè;e ls viuk fuos'k olwy djus dh vuqefr nh xÃ] bl ifj;kstuk dks vc iwjs ns'k esa pj.kc) <ax
tkrh gSA fodkldrkZ dks dksÃ ljdkjh Hkqxrku ugÈ ls gj ç[kaM esa c<+k;k tk jgk gSA
fd;k tkrk gS D;ksafd og fuos'k fd;k x;k viuk
● ;g ifj;kstuk 4 fnlacj 2020 dks ekSfæd uhfr
iSlk pqaxh ls vÆtr djrk gSA
lfefr (MPC) ds vfHkdFku ds Hkkx ds :i esa dh
BOT okÆ"kdh e‚My% xÃ ?kks"k.kkvksa esa ls ,d gSA
● fodkldrkZ dksÃ jktekxZ cukrk gS] mldks ,d ● vkxs c<+rs gq,] bl ifj;kstuk dh vkiwÆr i{k ij
RE
fuÆn"V vofèk rd lapkfyr djrk gS vkSj mldks laLFkkxr igy dk foLrkj lajsf[kr djus ds fy,
okil ljdkj dks gLrkarfjr dj nsrk gSA ekax i{k ij leqnk; dh vfèkdkfèkd lafyIrrk
vkSj xzg.k'khyrk lqfuf'pr dj foÙkh; lekos'ku
● ljdkj ifj;kstuk dk okf.kfT;d ifjpkyu vkjaHk
ds lkFk&lkFk f'k{kk dk çfreku cnyus ds fy,
gksus ds ckn fodkldrkZ dks Hkqxrku djuk vkjaHk
ifjdYiuk dh xÃ gSA
djrh gSA
fo"k;% foÙkh; lekos'ku vkSj lk{kjrk
O
bathfu;Çjx] [kjhn vkSj fuekZ.k (EPC) e‚My% mi&fo"k;% foÙkh; lk{kjrk dsaæ (CFL) ifj;kstuk
● bl e‚My ds varxZr] ykxr iwjh rjg ls ljdkj
}kjk ogu dh tkrh gSA ljdkj futh f[kykfM+;ksa ls 58. lgh fodYi% (d)
SC
bathfu;Çjx Kku ds fy, cksfy;k¡ vkeaf=r djrh O;k[;k%
gSA
● lHkh dFku lgh gSa
● dPps oLrq,a dh [kjhn vkSj fuekZ.k ij vkus okyh
ykxr ljdkj }kjk ogu dh tkrh gSA Je lafgrk
● futh {ks=d dh Hkkxhnkjh U;wure gksrh gS vkSj ● Je vkSj jkstxkj ea=ky; us 29 dsaæh; dkuwuksa dks
bathfu;Çjx fo'ks"kKrk dk çcaèk djus rd lhfer lesfdr dj pkj dkuwuksa dks vfèkfu;fer fd;k gSA
gksrh gSA
GS
● O;kolkf;d lqj{kk] LokLF; vkSj dk;Z fLFkfr lafgrk]

2020
ladj okÆ"kdh e‚My (HAM)
● vkS|ksfxd lacaèk lafgrk] 2020
● HAM BOT okÆ"kdh vkSj EPC e‚My dk feJ.k
gSA ● osru lafgrk] 2019
● bl ;kstuk ds vuqlkj] ljdkj igys ik¡p o"kks± dh ● lkekftd lqj{kk lafgrk] 2020
vofèk esa ifj;kstuk dh ykxr esa okÆ"kd Hkqxrku ● vkS|ksfxd lacaèk lafgrk] 2020
(okÆ"kdh) ds ekè;e ls 40% dk ;ksxnku nsrh gSA ● canh] dkecanh vkSj NaVuh ds fy, ljdkj dh iwoZ
● 'ks"k Hkqxrku l`ftr ifjlaifÙk;ksa vkSj fodkldrkZ ds vuqefr% 300 ls vfèkd dÆe;ksa okys fdlh Hkh çfr"Bku
çn'kZu ds vkèkkj ij fd;k tkrk gSA ds fy, NaVuh ls igys ljdkj dh iwoZ vuqefr ysuk
fo"k;% fuos'k e‚My vko';d gSA
mi&fo"k;% ladj okÆ"kdh e‚My
okrkZdkjh la?k vkSj ifj"kn
57. lgh fodYi% (a) ● ,dek= okrkZdkjh la?k% ;fn fdlh çfr"Bku esa
dk;Z'khy dÆe;ksa ds ,d ls vfèkd iath—r etnwj
O;k[;k% la?k gSa] rks lnL; ds :i esa 51% ;k vfèkd dÆe;ksa
● dFku 2 xyr gS% 2017 esa RBI }kjk CFL ifj;kstuk okys etnwj la?k dks ,dek= okrkZdkj la?k ds :i esa
dh voèkkj.kk fodflr dh xÃ FkhA ekU;rk nh tkrh gSA
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 24
● okrkZdkjh ifj"kn% ;fn dksÃ Hkh etnwj la?k ,dek= ● Hkkjr esa ARC la?k Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad ds ikl iath—r
okrkZdkjh la?k ds :i esa ik= ugÈ gS] rks lnL; ds 28 ifjlaifÙk iquÆuekZ.k daifu;ksa dk çfrfufèk fudk;
:i esa de ls de 20% dÆe;ksa okys etnwj la?k ds gSA
çfrfufèk;ksa ls feydj cuus okyh okrkZ ifj"kn dk fo"k;% laifÙk iquÆuekZ.k daiuh
xBu fd;k tk,xkA mi&fo"k;% Hkkjrh; ARC la?k
● vkS|ksfxd fooknksa ds fuiVkjs ds fy, U;k;kfèkdj.kksa dh
LFkkiuk dh tk,xhA çR;sd vkS|ksfxd U;k;kfèkdj.k 60. lgh fodYi% (c)
esa ,d U;kf;d lnL; vkSj ,d ç'kklfud lnL;
gksxkA deÊ fookn lekèkku ds fy, vkosnu fd,
O;k[;k%
tkus ds 45 fnuksa ds ckn U;k;kfèkdj.k esa vkosnu ● dFku 3 xyr gS% 'kjkc] flxjsV] [krjukd jlk;u]
dj ldrs gSaA vkS|ksfxd foLQksVd] bysDVª‚fuDl] ,;jksLisl vkSj
nokvksa vkSj Hks"kt mRiknksa dks NksM+dj lHkh mRiknksa
● fuf'pr vofèk okyk fu;kstu deÊ vkSj fu;ksäk ds
ds fy, vkS|ksfxd ykblsal dh vko';drk dks lekIr
chp gLrk{kfjr vuqcaèk ds vkèkkj ij fuf'pr vofèk
dj fn;k x;kA
ds fy, fu;ksftr dÆe;ksa dk gksrk gSA muds dke ds
?kaVs] osru vkSj vU; ykHk fdlh LFkk;h deÊ ls de ● dFku 5 xyr gS% y?kq m|ksxksa }kjk mRikfnr dÃ
ugÈ gks ldrs gSaA oLrqvksa dks vukjf{kr dj fn;k x;kA
RE
● iqudkSZ'kyu QaM% NaVuh fd, x, dÆe;ksa dk mnkjhdj.k
iqudkSZ'kyu djus ds fy,A QaM esa va'knku vkS|ksfxd
çfr"Bku ds fu;ksäk }kjk fd;k tk,xk tks NaVuh ls fons'kh eqæk lqèkkj
Bhd igys deÊ }kjk vkgfjr vafre iaæg fnuksa dh ● 1991 esa] Hkqxrku larqyu ds ladV dk lekèkku djus
etnwjh ds lkFk&lkFk ,sls vU; lzksrksa ls ;ksxnku ds ds rkRdkfyd mik; ds :i esa u fd mnkjhdj.k
cjkcj gksxkA ds mís'; ls #i;s dk fons'kh eqækvksa ds eqdkcys
fo"k;% Je lafgrk
O voewY;u dj fn;k x;kA blls fons'kh eqæk çokg esa
mi&fo"k;% vkS|ksfxd lacaèk lafgrk] 2020 o`f) gqÃA
59. lgh fodYi% (b) vkS|ksfxd {ks=d dk vfofu;eu

SC
● Hkkjr esa fu;kedh; fØ;kra= dks fofHkUu jhfr;ksa ls
O;k[;k%
çoÆrr fd;k x;k Fkk] vFkkZr~] vkS|ksfxd ykblsaÇlx
● dFku 1 xyr gS% ;g ,d xSj&ljdkjh] xSj&ykHkdkjh ftlds varxZr çR;sd m|eh dks QeZ pkyw djus] QeZ
laxBu gSA can djus ;k mRiknu dh tk ldus okyh oLrqvksa
dh ek=k r; djus ds fy, ljdkjh vfèkdkfj;ksa ls
Hkkjrh; ARC la?k
vuqefr ysuh iM+rh Fkh] futh {ks=d dks dÃ m|ksxksa
● xSj&ljdkjh] xSj&ykHkdkjh laxBu Hkkjrh; ARC esa ços'k djus dh vuqefr ugÈ Fkh] dqN oLrqvksa dk
GS
la?k (ÞIAAß) lHkh ifjlaifÙk iquÆuek.k daifu;ksa dh dsoy y?kq m|ksxksa vkfn esa gh mRiknu fd;k tk
vkokt gSA orZeku esa Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad ds ikl 27 ldrk FkkA 1991 esa vkSj mlds ckn çkjaHk fd,
ARC iath—r gSaA la?k 8 o"kZ ls vfèkd le; ls x, vkÆFkd lqèkkjksa us buesa ls dÃ çfrcaèkksa dks gVk
lfØ; gSA fn;kA
● la?k O;olk; ds lqpk: dkedkt ds fy, fofHkUu ● 'kjkc] flxjsV] [krjukd jlk;u] vkS|ksfxd
ea=ky;ksa] fu;ked vkSj ljdkjh fudk;ksa ds lkFk foLQksVd] bysDVª‚fuDl] ,;jksLisl vkSj nokvksa vkSj
varjfØ;k djrk gS( ;g ppkZ ds eap ds :i esa Hks"kt mRiknksa dks NksM+dj lHkh mRiknksa ds fy,
Hkh dk;Z djrk gS vkSj fopkjksa ds vknku&çnku ds vkS|ksfxd ykblsal dh vko';drk dks lekIr dj
fy, eap çnku djrk gSA la?k vius lnL;ksa ds fn;k x;kA
fy, vuqdwy fu;kedh; okrkoj.k cukus dh fn'kk esa
● y?kq m|ksxksa }kjk mRikfnr dÃ oLrqvksa dks vc
dke djrk gSA la?k vius fgrèkkjdksa ds fopkjksa vkSj
vukjf{kr dj fn;k x;k gSA dÃ m|ksxksa esa cktkj
Çprkvksa dks O;ä djrk gSA
dks dhersa r; djus dh vuqefr ns nh xÃ gSA
n`f"V%
foÙkh; {ks=d esa lqèkkj
● leUo; esa dke djus okyh ifjlaifÙk iquÆuekZ.k
● foÙkh; {ks=d esa lqèkkj dk ,d çeq[k mís'; Hkkjrh;
daifu;ksa ds fy, lkekU; eap dk mi;ksx djuk vkSj
fjtoZ cSad dh Hkwfedk dks fofu;ked ls ?kVkdj
ARC ds lqpk: dk;Zdj.k ds fy, vuqdwy dkuwuh
foÙkh; {ks=d dk lqxedrkZ cukuk gSA
vkSj fu;kedh; okrkoj.k fodflr djukA
25 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
● eps±V cSadjksa] E;qpqvy QaMksa vkSj isa'ku QaMksa tSls QaM~l dk mi;ksx ugÈ fd;k tk jgk Fkk vkSj vU;
fons'kh laLFkkxr fuos'kdksa (FII) dks vc Hkkjrh; cSad [kkrksa esa fuf"Ø; j[kk x;k FkkA
foÙkh; cktkj esa fuos'k djus dh vuqefr gSA ● jktdks"k ,dy [kkrk ls ljdkjh udnh 'ks"k ij
çHkkoh lexz fu;a=.k lqfuf'pr gksxk] ftlls mèkkjh
dj lqèkkj
dk ykxr de ls de gks tk,xhA
● 1991 ls] O;fäxr vk; ij yxus okys djksa esa fujarj
deh vkÃ gS D;ksafd ;g ekuk x;k fd vk;dj dh ● budk çcaèku ys[kk egkfu;a=d] foÙk ea=ky; }kjk
mPp nj dj pksjh dk ,d egRoiw.kZ dkj.k FkhA fd;k tkrk gSA
fo"k;% jktdks"k ,dy [kkrk
O;kikj vkSj fuos'k dh uhfr esa lqèkkj mi&fo"k;% jktdks"k ,dy [kkrk
● Hkkjr vk;kr ij la[r fu;a=.k j[kdj vkSj ç'kqYd
cgqr vfèkd j[kdj vk;kr ij ek=kRed çfrcaèkksa 62. lgh fodYi% (c)
dk ikyu dj jgk FkkA bu uhfr;ksa ls n{krk vkSj
çfrLièkkZRedrk esa deh vkÃ ftlds pyrs fofuekZ.k O;k[;k%
{ks=d esa èkheh o`f) gqÃA ● nksuksa dFku lgh gSaA
● O;kikj uhfr esa lqèkkj vk;kr vkSj fu;kZr ij ek=kRed
çfrcaèk lekIr djus] ç'kqYd dh njksa esa deh ykus jk"Vªh; Ñf"k&[kk| tSo çkS|ksfxdh laLFkku
RE
vkSj vk;kr ds fy, ykblsaÇlx çfØ;k gVkus ij ● jk"Vªh; —f"k&[kk| tSo çkS|ksfxdh laLFkku (NABI)
dsafær FkkA 18 Qjojh 2010 dks Hkkjr esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k
● [krjukd vkSj i;kZoj.k dh –f"V ls laosnu'khy igyk —f"k&[kk| tSo çkS|ksfxdh laLFkku gSA bl
m|ksxksa dks NksM+dj vk;kr ykblsaÇlx dks lekIr dj laLFkku dk mís'; Hkkjr esa —f"k&[kk| {ks=d dk
fn;k x;kA ifjorZu mRçsfjr djuk gSA
O
● varjkZ"Vªh; cktkj esa Hkkjrh; oLrqvksa dh çfrLièkkZRedrk ● laLFkku dh –f"V Kku l`tu vkSj LFkkukarjh; foKku
c<+kus ds fy, fu;kZr 'kqYdksa dks lekIr dj fn;k ds fy, çèkku laxBu cuuk gS ftlls —f"k&[kk| tSo
x;kA çkS|ksfxdh uokpkjksa ij vkèkkfjr ewY;oÆèkr mRiknksa
fo"k;% vFkZO;oLFkk dk [kqyuk dk ekxZ ç'kLr gksxkA
SC
mi&fo"k;% vFkZO;oLFkk dk mnkjhdj.k ● NABI dk eq[; :i ls vuqlaèkku ij dsafær è;ku
—f"k tSo çkS|ksfxdh] [kk| vkSj iks"k.k lacaèkh tSo
61. lgh fodYi% (a) çkS|ksfxdh ds {ks= esa tSo çkS|ksfxdh lkèkuksa dk
O;k[;k% mi;ksx dj xq.koÙkkiw.kZ Hkkstu vkSj iks"k.k dh fn'kk
esa laèkkj.kh; vkSj uwru lekèkku çnku djuk gSA
● dFku 2 xyr gS% jktdks"k ,dy [kkrksa dk çcaèku foÙk
ea=ky; djrk gSA ● ;g tSo çkS|ksfxdh foHkkx ds vèkhu ,d Lok;Ùk
GS
laLFkku gSA
jktdks"k ,dy [kkrk
● fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa NABI esa dh xÃ xfrfofèk;ksa esa
● TSA dks ljdkjh cSad [kkrksa dh ,dh—r lajpuk ds 'kkfey gSa]
:i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g ljdkjh
udnh lalkèkuksa dk lesdu vkSj vuqdwyre mi;ksx ♦ —f"k tSo çkS|ksfxdh]
laHko cukrk gSA ;g lexz udnh çcaèku ls laO;ogkj ♦ [kk| vkSj iks"k.k lacaèkh tSo çkS|ksfxdh]
Lrjh; fu;a=.k dks vyx djrk gSA
♦ ekuo lalkèku fodkl]
● ljdkj us mèkkjh dh ykxr esa deh ykus vkSj QaM
♦ cSBd vkSj ikBîØe vkSj
çokg esa n{krk c<+kus ds fy, jktdks"k ,dy [kkrk
(TSA) cuk;k gSA ♦ çkS|ksfxdh gLrkarj.k vkSj igqapA
● TSA og cSad [kkrk ;k vkil esa tqM+s [kkrksa dk og ♦ bl laLFkku us jk"Vªh; vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; laxBuksa
lewg gS ftlds ekè;e ls ljdkj viuh lHkh çkfIr;ksa vkSj m|ksxksa ds lkFk etcwr lacaèk fodflr fd;k
vkSj Hkqxrkuksa dk ysu&nsu djrh gSA gSA ;g laLFkku vius iM+kslh laLFkkuksa ds lkFk
● blfy, TSA cukus dk çLrko fd;k x;k D;ksafd eksgkyh (iatkc) ds Þu‚yst flVhß esa —f"k&[kk|
çpfyr çfØ;k ds varxZr] vuqeksnu ds ckn] QaM lewg dk Hkkx gSA
fofHkUu ea=ky;ksa] foHkkxksa] Lok;Ùk fudk;ksa vkSj jkT;ksa fo"k;% jk"Vªh; laLFkku
dks vkoafVr vkSj laforfjr fd;k tkrk FkkA bu mi&fo"k;% jk"Vªh; Ñf"k&[kk| tSo çkS|ksfxdh laLFkku
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 26
63. lgh fodYi% (c) ● ?kjsyw Lrj ij mRikfnr çk—frd xSl dh dher
ljdkj }kjk r; dh tkrh gSA bldks xSl ,Dlpsat
O;k[;k% ij ugÈ cspk tkrk gSA
● nksuksa dFku lgh gSaA
● rjyh—r çk—frd xSl (LNG) ukSogu vkSj HkaMkj.k
jktdks"kh; çn'kZu lwpdkad ds fy, yxHkx &260° Q+kjsugkbV ij rjy voLFkk
esa BaMh dh xÃ çk—frd xSl gS ftldk bl IysVQ‚eZ
● Hkkjrh; m|ksx ifjla?k (CII) }kjk çoÆrr jktdks"kh; ij dkjksckj fd;k tkrk gSA
çn'kZu lwpdkad (FPI) esa Hkkjr esa dsaæh; vkSj jkT;ksa
ds ctV dh xq.koÙkk dk vkdyu fd;k tkrk gSA ● viuh rjy voLFkk esa çk—frd xSl dh ek=k çk—
frd xSl ikbiykbu esa viuh xSlh; voLFkk esa
● bl lwpdkad esa ljdkjh ctV dh xq.koÙkk ds lexz çk—frd xSl dh ek=k ls yxHkx 600 xquk de gksrh
ewY;kadu ds fy, Ng ?kVd 'kkfey gSaA blesa 'kkfey gSA
gSa%
fo"k;% ljdkj }kjk uÃ igysa
● jktLo O;; dh xq.koÙkk% bldk ldy ?kjsyw mRikn mi&fo"k;% Hkkjrh; xSl ,Dlpsat
esa C;kt Hkqxrku] lfClMh] isa'ku vkSj j{kk ls fHkUu
jktLo O;; dh fgLlsnkjh ls ekiu fd;k tkrk gS] 65. lgh fodYi% (a)
● iwathxr O;; dh xq.koÙkk% bldk ldy ?kjsyw mRikn
O;k[;k%
RE
esa iwathxr O;; (j{kk ls fHkUu) dh fgLlsnkjh ls ekiu
fd;k tkrk gS] ● dFku 2 xyr gS% Hkkjr esa USA ds nwrkokl }kjk
vÆtr jktLo dh x.kuk USA dh GDP esa dh
● jktLo dh xq.koÙkk% GDP ls 'kq) dj jktLo dk
tkrh gSA
vuqikr (jkT;ksa ds ekeys esa Lo;a dk dj jktLo)]
● dFku 3 xyr gS% ftl o"kZ dkj dk fofuekZ.k gqvk Fkk]
● jktdks"kh; foosd dh ek=k I% GDP ls jktdks"kh; mlh o"kZ esa igys gh ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa dkj ds
?kkVk]
O ;ksxnku dh x.kuk dh tk pqdh gksrh gSA
● jktdks"kh; foosd dh ek=k II% GDP ls jktLo ?kkVk ● dFku 4 xyr gS% GDP dh x.kuk esa dsoy Hkkjr ds
vkSj ?kjsyw jkT;{ks= esa mRikfnr oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dk gh
● _.k lwpdkad III% GDP ls _.k vkSj çR;Hkwfr;ksa esa è;ku j[kk tkrk gSA
SC
ifjorZu
fo"k;% jktdks"kh; LokLF;
ldy ?kjsyw mRikn
mi&fo"k;% jktdks"kh; çn'kZu lwpdkad ● ;g ,d ys[kkadu o"kZ ds nkSjku fdlh ns'k ds ?kjsyw
jkT;{ks= ds Hkhrj mRikfnr lHkh vafre oLrqvksa vkSj
64. lgh fodYi% (c) lsokvksa dk ekSfæd ewY; gSA
O;k[;k% eè;orÊ oLrq,a vkSj vafre oLrq,a

GS
● dFku 2 xyr gS% ?kjsyw Lrj ij mRikfnr çk—frd xSl ● eè;orÊ oLrq,a% eè;orÊ oLrq,a os oLrq,a gksrh gSa tks
dh dher ljdkj }kjk r; dh tkrh gSA bldks xSl ;k rks iquçZlaLdj.k ds fy, gksrh gSa ;k iquÆoØ; ds
,Dlpsat ij ugÈ cspk tkrk gSA fy, gksrh gSaA fdlh ys[kkadu o"kZ ds nkSjku mRiknu
çfØ;k esa ç;qDr oLrqvksa dks eè;orÊ oLrqvksa ds
bafM;k xSl ,Dlpsat (IGX) :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA eè;orÊ oLrq,a vkSj lsok,a
● IGX og fMftVy VªsÇMx IysVQ‚eZ gS tks [kjhnkjksa mRikndksa }kjk ç;qDr xSj&fVdkÅ oLrq,a vkSj lsok,a
vkSj foØsrkvksa dks vk;kfrr çk—frd xSl ds fy, gksrh gSa] tSls fd dPpk eky] rsy] fctyh] dks;yk]
gkftj cktkj vkSj ok;nk cktkj nksuksa esa O;kikj djus b±èku bR;kfn vkSj dke ij j[ks x, bathfu;jksa vkSj
dh vuqefr nsrk gSA rduhf'k;uksa] vkfn dh lsok,aA iquÆoØ; ds fy,
[kjhnh tkus okyh oLrqvksa dks Hkh eè;orÊ oLrq,a ekuk
● ;g rhu dsaæksa & xqtjkr esa ngst vkSj gthjk vkSj tkrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] fdlh [kqnjk foØsrk@
vkaèkz çns'k esa dkdhukMk esa O;kikj dh vuqefr nsrk Fkksd foØsrk }kjk [kjhnk tkus okyk pkoy] xsgw¡]
gSA phuh] vkfnA
● vk;kfrr rjyh—r çk—frd xSl (LNG) dks
iquxSZlh—r dj ,Dlpsat ds ekè;e ls [kjhnkjksa dks vafre oLrq,a%
cspk tk,xk] ftlls [kjhnkjksa vkSj foØsrkvksa ds fy, ● ftu oLrqvksa dk ;k rks miHkksäkvksa }kjk vafre miHkksx
,d&nwljs dks [kkstus dh vko';drk lekIr gks ds fy, ;k mRikndksa }kjk fuos'k ds fy, mi;ksx
tk,xhA fd;k tkrk gS] mudks vafre oLrq,a dgk tkrk gSA
27 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
;s oLrq,a mRiknu dh çfØ;k ls ugÈ xqtjrh gSa vkSj caèki= dk vafdr ewY; :- 1000 gS vkSj ml ij C;kt
budk iquÆoØ; ds fy, mi;ksx ugÈ fd;k tkrk gSA dh nj 10% gS vkSj caèki= dh vofèk 1 o"kZ gSA ;fn
mnkgj.k ds fy,] miHkksäk }kjk mi;ksx fd;k tkus bl caèki= dk [kjhnkj bl caèki= dks ifjiDork
okyk czsM] eD[ku] fcLdqV vkfnA vofèk (1 o"kZ) iwjh gksus rd vius vkil j[krk gS] rks
● dksÃ oLrq vafre oLrq gS ;k eè;orÊ oLrq] ;g mlds mldks çfrQy ds :i esa :- 100 C;kt vkSj caèki=
mi;ksx ij fuHkZj djrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,( feBkÃ ds vafdr ewY; ds :i esa :- 1000 feysxkA vr%] bl
cukus okys gyokÃ }kjk mi;ksx fd;k tkus okyk nwèk çdj.k esa caèki= ij çfrQy 100 #i;s gSA
eè;orÊ oLrq gS ysfdu tc bldk mi;ksx miHkksäk ● vc] ,d vyx ifj–'; esa] caèki= dk [kjhnkj caèki=
}kjk fd;k tkrk gS rks nwèk vafre oLrq cu tkrk dks ifjiDork vofèk iwjh gksus ls igys fdlh dkj.k
gSA ls Jheku Y dks :- 950 esa caèki= csp nsrk gSA
● jk"Vªh; vk; dh x.kuk esa eè;orÊ oLrqvksa dks ugÈ ● vc] ;fn Jheku Y }kjk caèki= dks ifjiDork vofèk
'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA jk"Vªh; vk; dh x.kuk esa iwjh) iwjh gksus rd vius vkil j[kk tkrk gS] rks
dsoy vafre oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dks gh 'kkfey fd;k mldks caèki= ds vafdr ewY; ds :i esa #- 1000
tkrk gS D;ksafd eè;orÊ oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dk ewY; vkSj C;kt ds :i esa #- 100 (caèki= ij C;kt 10%)
vafre oLrqvksa vkS lsokvksa ds ewY; esa 'kkfey gksrk gSA
feysxkA Jheku Y dk 'kq) ykHk #- (1100 – 950) ¾
;fn eè;orÊ oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dks jk"Vªh; vk;
#- 150 gksxkA Jheku Y ds fy, caèki= ij çfrQy
RE
esa 'kkfey dj fy;k tk, rks blls nksgjh x.kuk dh
leL;k iSnk gks tk,xhA 150 #i;s gSA
● blfy,] ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyk tk ldrk gS fd caèki=
?kjsyw {ks= dh dher ?kVus ij caèki= ij çfrQy c<+ tkrk gS
● fdlh ns'k ds ?kjsyw jkT;{ks= esa fuEufyf[kr 'kkfey vkSj caèki= dh dher c<+us ij caèki= ij çfrQy
gksrs gSa% de gks tkrk gSA
O
● vius çknsf'kd leqæ lfgr ns'k dh jktuhfrd
lhek,aA
caèki= çfrQy O;qRØe.k
● ns'k ds lkekU; fuokfl;ksa }kjk nks ;k nks ls vfèkd ● lkekU;r%] nh?kkZofèkd caèki= çfrQy vYikofèkd
ns'kksa ds chp lapkfyr tyiksr] vkSj foekuA mnkgj.k caèki= dh rqyuk esa vfèkd ijgksrk gS] vkSj çfrQy
SC
ds fy,] fofHkUu ns'kksa ds chp ,;j bafM;k dh oØ dh <ky nkb± vksj Åij dh vksj gksrh gSA
lsok,aA ● O;qRØfer çfrQy oØ og fLFkfr fu:fir djrk gS
● varjkZ"Vªh; leqæ esa ;k mu {ks=ksa esa layXu ns'k ds ftlesa nh?kkZofèkd _.k foi=ksa ij çfrQy leku
fuokfl;ksa }kjk lapkfyr eNyh idM+us ds tgkt] lk[k xq.koÙkk ds vYikofèkd _.k foi=ksa dh rqyuk
rsy vkSj çk—frd xSl ds dq,a vkSj rSjrs IysVQ‚eZ esa de gksrk gSA
ftlesa ns'k ds ikl ifjpkyu dk vuU; vfèkdkj ● O;qRØfer çfrQy oØ ls irk pyrk gS fd fuos'kd
GS
gSA Hkfo"; esa o`f) esa rst fxjkoV dh vk'kk djrs gSa( nwljs
● vU; ns'kksa esa fLFkr fdlh ns'k dk nwrkokl] okf.kT; 'kCnksa esa] iSls dh ekax vkt dh rqyuk esa cgqr de
nwrkokl vkSj lSU; çfr"Bku] mnkgj.k ds fy,] gksxhA
U.S.A., tkiku vkfn esa Hkkjrh; nwrkoklA blesa
● blfy,] caèki= çfrQy O;qRØe.k lkekU;r% eanh dk
Hkkjr esa fLFkr vU; ns'kksa ds lHkh nwrkokl] okf.kT;
nwrkokl vkSj lSU; çfr"Bku vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; laxBuksa iwokZHkkl nsrk gSA
ds dk;kZy; 'kkfey ugÈ gSaA fo"k;% caèki=
fo"k;% jk"Vªh; vk; dk ys[kkadu mi&fo"k;% caèki= çfrQy O;qRØe.k
mi&fo"k;% Hkkjr ds ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dh x.kuk
67. lgh fodYi% (b)
66. lgh fodYi% (d) O;k[;k%
O;k[;k% ● fodYi (b) lgh gS% eqækLQhfr ds dkj.k èku mèkkj
● lHkh dFku lgh gSa nsus okyh laLFkk,a viuh C;kt njksa esa o`f) djrh gSa
vkSj eqækLQhfr ds lkFk] vFkZO;oLFkk dh fu;kZr ;ksX;
caèki= ij çfrQy oLrq,a foÜo cktkj esa çfrLièkÊ ewY; çkIr djrh gSaA
● caèki= çfrQy og çfrQy gksrk gS tks fuos'kd blds dkj.k fu;kZr dh ek=k c<+rh gS vkSj ;g fu;kZr
caèki= ij çkIr djrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy,] fdlh vk; vFkZO;oLFkk esa c<+rh gSA
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 28
eqækLQhfr dk çHkko ● jktLo ?kkVk ¾ dqy jktLo O;; – (dj jktLo $
● O;; ij & eqækLQhfr O;; ds nksuksa :iksa] miHkksx ds xSj&dj jktLo)
lkFk&lkFk fuos'k dks Hkh çHkkfor djrh gSA c<+h gqÃ jktdks"kh; ?kkVk
dhersa miHkksx ds Lrj dks fxjkrh gSa D;ksafd oLrq,a
vkSj lsok,a egaxh gks tkrh gSaA nwljh vksj] eqækLQhfr ● jktdks"kh; ?kkVs dks ,d foÙkh; o"kZ ds nkSjku mèkkj
iSls dh ykxr esa deh ds ifj.kkeLo:i fuos'k O;; dks NksM+dj dqy jlhnksa ij dqy O;; dh vfèkdrk ds
esa o`f) djrh gSA :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gSA
● ysunkjksa vkSj nsunkjksa ij – eqækLQhfr] ysunkjksa ls ● jktdks"kh; ?kkVk ¾ dqy ctV O;; & mèkkj dks
nsunkjksa dks èku iquÆorfjr djrh gSA eqækLQhfr ls NksM+dj dqy ctV jlhnsa
_.knkrk dks uqdlku gksrk gS vkSj mèkkjdrkZvksa dks ● jktdks"kh; ?kkVk ¾ (jktLo O;; $ iwathxr O;;) –
ykHk gksrk gSA (jktLo jlhnsa $ mèkkj dks NksM+dj iwathxr jlhnsa)
● mèkkj nsus ij% pwafd mèkkjnkrkvksa dks iSls dh ykxr ● jktdks"kh; ?kkVk ctV o"kZ ds nkSjku ljdkj dh
olwy djuh gS] blfy, os c<+rh eqækLQhfr ds dkj.k mèkkj vko';drkvksa dks n'kkZrk gSA jktdks"kh; ?kkVk
C;kt dh nj esa o`f) djsaxsA C;kt Hkqxrkuksa lfgr O;; ds foÙkiks"k.k ds fy,
● fofue; nj ij% ;fn vFkZO;oLFkk dh eqæk yphyh ljdkj dh mèkkj vko';drkvksa dks n'kkZrk gSA
eqæk ç.kkyh dk ikyu djrh gS rks çR;sd eqækLQhfr ● jktdks"kh; ?kkVk ¾ ljdkj dh dqy mèkkj
RE
ds lkFk eqæk dk voewY;u gksrk gSA vko';drk
● fu;kZr ij% eqækLQhfr ds lkFk eqæk dk voewY;u gksxk ● jktdks"kh; ?kkVk ljdkjh O;; dks iwjk djus ds fy,
vkSj blfy,] vFkZO;oLFkk dh fu;kZr ;ksX; oLrqvksa dks vko';d foÙkh; lalkèkuksa dh vfrfjä jkf'k dks
foÜo cktkj esa çfrLièkÊ ewY; çkIr gksrk gSA blds bafxr djrk gSA nwljk] ;g C;kt Hkqxrku vkSj _.k
dkj.k fu;kZr dh ek=k c<+rh gS vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk esa iquHkqZxrku ij ljdkj dh Hkfo"; dh nsunkfj;ksa esa
;g fu;kZr vk; c<+rh gSA o`f) dk ladsrd gSA ljdkj dks Hkfo"; esa C;kt ds
●
O
vk;kr ij% eqækLQhfr vFkZO;oLFkk dks de vk;kr lkFk mèkkj yh xÃ jkf'k dk Hkqxrku djuk gksxkA
vkSj vk;kr çfrLFkkiu dk ykHk nsrh gS D;ksafd fons'kh ● blds ifj.kke ls] ljdkj dks C;kt vkSj _.k jkf'k
oLrq,a vfèkd egaxh gks tkrh gSaA gkykafd] vfuok;Z dk Hkqxrku djus ds fy, ;k rks yksxksa ls vfèkd
SC
vk;kr dh fLFkfr esa] vFkZO;oLFkk fons'kh eqæk dks mèkkj ysuk iM+rk gS ;k Hkfo"; esa yksxksa ij vfèkd dj
lajf{kr djus ds ctk; bls vfèkd ek=k esa [kks nsrh yxkuk iM+rk gSA
gSA
çkFkfed ?kkVk
● vk; ij% eqækLQhfr O;fä vkSj Qeks± dh vk; dks
leku :i ls çHkkfor djrh gSA eqækLQhfr esa o`f)] ● çkFkfed ?kkVs dks ,sls jktdks"kh; ?kkVs ds :i esa
vk; ds ukeek= ewY; dks c<+krh gS] tcfd vk; dk ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gS ftlesa fiNyh mèkkfj;ksa ij
okLrfod ewY; ogh jgrk gSA C;kt dk Hkqxrku 'kkfey ugÈ gksrk gSA
GS
● Ø; 'kfä ij% dherksa dk c<+k gqvk Lrj iSls dh Ø; ● çkFkfed ?kkVk C;kt Hkqxrku dks NksM+dj O;; dks iwjk
'kfä dks u"V dj nsrk gSA djus ds fy, ljdkj dh mèkkj vko';drkvksa dks
n'kkZrk gSA
fo"k;% eqækLQhfr
mi&fo"k;% eqækLQhfr ds çHkko ● ldy çkFkfed ?kkVk ¾ jktdks"kh; ?kkVk & C;kt
Hkqxrku
68. lgh fodYi% (c) ● ?kVrk çkFkfed ?kkVk jktdks"kh; LokLF; dh fn'kk esa
çxfr dks n'kkZrk gSA
O;k[;k%
● ctV nLrkost] jktdks"kh; ?kkVs dk mYys[k ldy
● dFku 2 xyr gS% ?kVrk gqvk çkFkfed ?kkVk bafxr
?kjsyw mRikn (GDP) ds çfr'kr ds :i esa Hkh djrk
djrk gS fd jktdks"kh; LokLF; gkfly fd;k tk jgk
gSA ;g O;oLFkk rqyuk dh lqfoèkk çnku djus vkSj
gSA
mfpr ifjçs{; çkIr djus ds fy, gSA
jktLo ?kkVk ● foosdiw.kZ jktdks"kh; çcaèku ds fy, vko';d gS fd
● ;g ljdkj dh dqy jktLo jlhnksa dh rqyuk esa ljdkj lkekU; Øe esa miHkksx djus ds fy, mèkkj
mlds dqy jktLo O;; dh vfèkdrk dks lanÆHkr u ysA
djrk gSA jktLo ?kkVk ¾ dqy jktLo O;; – dqy fo"k;% ?kkVs ds çdkj
jktLo jlhnsaA mi&fo"k;% çkFkfed ?kkVk
29 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
69. lgh fodYi% (d) ♦ m|ferk dks c<+kok nsuk
O;k[;k% ♦ _.k dh miyCèkrk esa o`f) djukA
● fodYi (d) lgh gS ♦ lHkh fgrèkkjdksa ds fgrksa (ifjorZu lfgr) dks
larqfyr djukA larqyu dk ;g dk;Z ljdkjh
LVkVZ&vi ds fy, foÙkiks"k.k lzksrksa ds çdkj cdk;ksa ds Hkqxrku dh çkFkfedrk ds Øe esa iwjk
fd;k tk,xkA
● O;fäxr cpr% ;g foÙkiks"k.k dk lcls vkd"kZd
lzksr gS] D;ksafd vki vius O;olk; dks 'kq: djus ds ♦ fnokyk vkSj fnokfy;kiu dkuwu ds fy, fu;ked
fy, vius Lo;a ds iSls dk mi;ksx djrs gSa vkSj bl fudk; ds :i esa Hkkjrh; fnokyk vkSj fnokfy;kiu
cksMZ dh LFkkiuk djukA
çfØ;k esa fdlh vkSj ds çfr vkidh dksÃ nsunkjh
ugÈ curh gSA ♦ fofHkUu çdkj ds _.k fy[krksa esa _.k foÙkiks"k.k
ds mPp Lrj dks LFkkfir djukA
● ØkmM QaÇMx% blesa cM+h la[;k esa yksxksa ls]vkerkSj
ij baVjusV ds ekè;e ls] iwath dh NksVh ek=k ysdj ♦ laLFkkvksa ds fy, ijs'kkuh jfgr iqu#)kj ra=
O;olk; dks foÙk iksf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA bl çdkj dk çnku djukA
foÙkiks"k.k u, fuos'kdksa dks vkdÆ"kr djus ds y{; ls ♦ lhek ikj fnokfy;kiu ls fuiVukA
O;olk; dks çpkfjr djus ds fy, fofHkUu lkekftd ♦ _.kksa dk iquHkqZxrku djus esa pwd djus okyksa
IysVQkeks± ds ekè;e ls vkids nksLrksa] ifjokj vkSj dk MsVkcsl cukdj Hkkjr dh v'kksè; _.kksa dh
RE
lgdÆe;ksa ds fo'kky usVodZ dk mi;ksx djrk gSA leL;k dks gy djukA
● ,atsy fuos'kd% ,atsy fuos'kd vehj O;fä gksrs gSa tks lafgrk dh ç;ksT;rk
O;olk; esa bfDoVh ds fgLls ds cnys esa foÙk çnku
djsaxsA dqN fuos'kd foÙk çnku djus ls igys lewgksa ● lafgrk ds çkoèkku fuEufyf[kr laLFkkvksa ds fnokyk]
esa dke djrs gSa vkSj lkSnksa dks ,d lkFk LØhu djrs ifjlekiu] LoSfPNd ifjlekiu ;k fnokfy;kiu ds
fy, ykxw gksaxs%
gSa] tcfd vfèkdka'k vius ne ij dke djrs gSaA
O
● daiuh vfèkfu;e] 2013 ds rgr ;k fdlh Hkh fiNys
● m|e iwath% ;g Qeks± }kjk bfDoVh ds cnys esa
dkuwu ds rgr fuxfer dksÃ Hkh daiuhA
cM+h fodkl {kerk okyh NksVh] mPp tksf[ke okyh]
LVkVZ&vi daifu;ksa dks çnku fd;k tkus okyk ● dksÃ vU; daiuh tks bl le; ykxw fdlh fo'ks"k
vfèkfu;e }kjk 'kkflr gS] flok; blds fd tgka rd
SC
foÙkiks"k.k gSA m|e iwath Qeks± ds fy, dke djus
mä çkoèkku ,sls fo'ks"k vfèkfu;e ds çkoèkkuksa ls
okys fuos'kd tks fof'k"V daifu;ksa esa fuos'k djuk
vlaxr gSA
pqurs gSa] mUgsa vkerkSj ij m|e iwath (VCs) dgk
tkrk gSA ● lhfer ns;rk lk>snkjh vfèkfu;e 2008 ds rgr dksÃ
lhfer ns;rk lk>snkjhA
fo"k;% LVkVZ&vi QaÇMx
mi&fo"k;% LVkVZ&vi QaÇMx ds çdkj ● bl lacaèk esa dsaæ ljdkj }kjk fuÆn"V fdlh vU;
dkuwu ds rgr dqN le; ds fy, fuxfer fd;k tk
GS
jgk dksÃ vU; fudk;

70. lgh fodYi% (d)
O;k[;k% lk>snkjh Qes± vkSj O;fä
● fodYi (d) lgh gS% ;g _.k dh miyCèkrk dks ● viokn% lafgrk dh ç;ksT;rk ds fy, ,d viokn ;g
gS fd ;g mu d‚iksZjsV O;fä;ksa ij ykxw ugÈ gksxh
lqfoèkktud cukrk gS ;k c<+krk gSA
tks fofu;fer foÙkh; lsok çnkrk gSa tSls&
fnokyk vkSj fnokfy;kiu lafgrk ♦ cSad(
● fnokyk vkSj fnokfy;kiu lafgrk] 2016 ds fufgr ♦ foÙkh; laLFkku( vkSj
mís'; uhps lwphc) gSa% ♦ chek daifu;kaA
♦ d‚iksZjsV O;fä;ksa] lk>snkjh Qeks± vkSj O;fä;ksa ds fo"k;% fnokyk vkSj fnokfy;kiu lafgrk
iquxZBu vkSj fnokfy;kiu lekèkku ls lacafèkr mi&fo"k;% fnokyk vkSj fnokfy;kiu lafgrk ds mís';
dkuwuksa dks lesfdr vkSj la'kksfèkr djukA
♦ fnokfy;kiu ds le;c) fuiVku (;kuh 180 71. lgh fodYi% (a)
fnu) esa dkuwu ds fu"iknu ds fy, le; vofèk;ksa O;k[;k%
dks fuèkkZfjr djukA
● dFku 2 xyr gS% xzkeh.k vkSj 'kgjh {ks=ksa esa 2012 dh
♦ bPNqd O;fä;ksa dh laifÙk ds ewY; dks vfèkdre rqyuk esa 2018 esa cqfu;knh vko';drkvksa rd igqap
djukA esa varj&jkT; vlekurkvksa esa deh vkÃ gSA
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 30
cqfu;knh vko';drk lwpdkad fo"k;% cSaÇdx ç.kkfy;ka
● vkÆFkd losZ{k.k 2020&21 esa xzkeh.k] 'kgjh vkSj mi&fo"k;% 'kSMks cSaÇdx ç.kkyh
vf[ky Hkkjrh; Lrj ij ,d cqfu;knh vko';drk
lwpdkad (cqfu;knh vko';drk lwpdkad) dk fuekZ.k 73. lgh fodYi% (a)
fd;k x;k gSA cqfu;knh vko';drk lwpdkad ikap O;k[;k%
vk;keksa vFkkZr ty] LoPNrk] vkokl] lw{e i;kZoj.k
vkSj vU; lqfoèkk,a] ij 26 ladsrdksa dks la{ksi esa ● dFku 2 xyr gS% oSfÜod fu{ksikxkj jlhnksa (GDR)
çLrqr djrk gSA dks fdlh Hkh fons'kh eqæk esa vafdr fd;k tk ldrk
gS vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; LV‚d ,Dlpsatksa esa budk ysu&nsu
● cqfu;knh vko';drk lwpdkad 2012 vkSj 2018 ds fd;k tk ldrk gSA
fy, lHkh jkT;ksa gsrq cuk;k x;k gSA
● cqfu;knh vko';drk lwpdkad jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh oSfÜod fu{ksikxkj jlhnsa (GDRs)
dk;kZy; (NSO) ds vkadM+ksa dk mi;ksx djds ● oSfÜod fu{ksikxkj jlhn (GDR)] ftls varjkZ"Vªh;
vkÆFkd fodkl ds fy, Þcqfu;knh t:jrksaÞ ds fu{ksikxkj jlhn (IDR) Hkh dgk tkrk gS] fons'kh
–f"Vdks.k dks fuèkkZfjr djus dk ,d ç;kl gSA daifu;ksa ds 'ks;j [kjhnus okys vkSj bUgsa [kkrs ij
● ;g jkT; Lrj ij vkadM+ksa dks fu;ksftr djds lHkh tek djus okys fu{ksikxkj cSad }kjk tkjh çek.k i=
jkT;ksa@la?k jkT; {ks=ksa ds fy, cuk;k x;k gSA gksrk gSA
RE
● blesa bl ckr ij tksj fn;k x;k gS fd 2012 dh ● oSfÜod fu{ksikxkj jlhnsa fdlh Hkh d‚iksZjsV daiuh dks
rqyuk esa 2018 esa ns'k Hkj esa cqfu;knh vko';drkvksa ?kjsyw cktkj ds ckgj ds iwath cktkjksa esa fuos'kdksa rd
dh miyCèkrk esa lqèkkj gqvk gSA igqapus esa l{ke djrh gSaA
● cqfu;knh vko';drkvksa dh miyCèkrk ds ekeys esa ● oSfÜod fu{ksikxkj jlhn dks fdlh Hkh fons'kh eqæk
2012 dh rqyuk esa varjjkT;h; vlekurkvksa esa deh esa vafdr fd;k tkrk gS ysfdu varÆufgr 'ks;jksa dks
tkjhdrkZ dh LFkkuh; eqæk esa vafdr fd;k tk,xkA
vkÃ gSA
O ● oSfÜod fu{ksikxkj jlhnksa dk ysunsu varjjk"Vªh;
● xzkeh.k vkSj 'kgjh {ks=ksa esa lcls vehj ifjokjksa dh
rqyuk esa lcls xjhc ifjokjksa ds fy, cqfu;knh LV‚d ,Dlpsatksa tSls yanu LV‚d ,Dlpsat] ÝSadQVZ
vko';drkvksa dh miyCèkrk esa vfèkd lqèkkj gqvk LV‚d ,Dlpsat vkSj yDtecxZ LV‚d ,Dlpsat vkfn
SC
gSA esa fd;k tkrk gSA
fo"k;% egRoiw.kZ lwpdkad ● oSfÜod fu{ksikxkj jlhnksa dk èkkjd] buds varÆufgr
mi&fo"k;% cqfu;knh vko';drk lwpdkad 'ks;jksa ds ewY; ij ykHkka'k vkSj cksul dk gdnkj
gksrk gSA
72. lgh fodYi% (b) Hkkjrh; fu{ksikxkj jlhnsa (IDRs)
O;k[;k% ● Hkkjrh; fu{ksikxkj jlhn (IDR) Hkkjrh; #i;s esa
GS
● dFku 1 xyr gS% os cSad tSlh xfrfofèk;k¡ djrs gSa vafdr ,d ijØkE; vkSj gLrkarj.kh; foÙkh; lkèku
(eq[; :i ls mèkkj nsuk] lHkh xfrfofèk;k¡ ugÈ) gS tks fons'kh daifu;ksa dks Hkkjrh; 'ks;j vkSj foÙkh;
cktkjksa ls èku tqVkus esa l{ke cukrk gSA Hkkjrh;
'kSMks cSaÇdx ç.kkyh fu{ksikxkj jlhnsa blh çdkj dh oSfÜod fu{ksikxkj
● *'kSMks cSad* 'kCn 2007 esa i‚y eSddqyh }kjk x<+k x;k jlhnksa ds Hkkjrh; laLdj.k gSaA
Fkk fo"k;% fu{ksikxkj jlhnsa
● ,d 'kSMks cSaÇdx ç.kkyh foÙkh; eè;LFkksa dk lewg gS
mi&fo"k;% oSfÜod fu{ksikxkj jlhnsa vkSj Hkkjrh; fu{ksikxkj
tks ØsfMV ds fuekZ.k dh lqfoèkk çnku djrs gSaA jlhnsa
● 'kSMks cSaÇdx ç.kkyh fofu;fer laLFkkuksa }kjk laiUu 74. lgh fodYi% (d)
dh tkus okyh vfu;fer xfrfofèk;ksa dks Hkh lanÆHkr
djrh gSA O;k[;k%
● 'kSMks cSadksa ij ikjaifjd cSadksa ds leku tksf[ke] ● lHkh dFku lgh gSa
rjyrk vkSj iwath çfrcaèk ugÈ gksrs gSaA
varjjk"Vªh; eqæk dks"k dksVk ç.kkyh
● 'kSMks cSaÇdx ç.kkyh us 2008 ds foÙkh; ladV ds
nkSjku vkokl _.k çnku djus dh O;oLFkk çnku ● varjjk"Vªh; eqæk dks"k dksVk vkèkkfjr laLFkk gSA ,d
djus esa çeq[k Hkwfedk fuHkkÃA O;fäxr lnL; ns'k dk dksVk eksVs rkSj ij foÜo
vFkZO;oLFkk esa bldh lkis{k fLFkfr dks n'kkZrk gSA
31 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
● ;s dksVs] varjjk"Vªh; eqæk dks"k dh [kkrs dh bdkÃ & 75. lgh fodYi% (c)
fo'ks"k vkgj.k vfèkdkj (SDRs) esa vafdr gksrs gSaA
O;k[;k%
dksVksa dh dÃ Hkwfedk,¡% ● dFku 1 xyr gS% isuh LV‚d os 'ks;j gSa tks rqyukRed
● ;s dksVs foÙkh; lalkèkuksa dh ml vfèkdre ek=k dks :i ls yach vofèk ds fy, LV‚d ,Dlpsat esa de
fuèkkZfjr djrs gSa tks ,d lnL; varjjk"Vªh; eqæk dher okys cus jgrs gSaA
dks"k dks çnku djus ds fy, ckè; gksrk gSA
'ks;j cktkj dk lapkyu
● ;s dksVs varjjk"Vªh; eqæk dks"k ds fu.kZ;ksa esa ernku
'kfä dk ,d çeq[k fuèkkZjd gksrs gSaA oksVksa esa çfr isuh LV‚d%
dksVs ds çfr 100]000 fo'ks"k vkgj.k vfèkdkj ds fy, ● ,slk 'ks;j tks rqyukRed :i ls yach vofèk ds fy,
,d oksV Iyl ewy oksV (lHkh lnL;ksa ds fy, leku) LV‚d ,Dlpsat esa de dher okyk jgrk gksA
'kkfey gksrs gSaA
● lêsckt Hkkjh ekÆtu ds fy, budh tek[kksjh 'kq:
● dksVs] lkekU; igqap ds rgr varjjk"Vªh; eqæk dks"k ls dj ldrs gSaA vkSj pwafd ,sls LV‚d dh tek[kksjh gks
,d lnL; }kjk çkIr dh tk ldus okyh foÙkiks"k.k tkrh gS] blfy, varr% mudh cktkj dh dhersa c<+
dh vfèkdre jkf'k fuèkkZfjr djrk gSA tkrh gSaA
● dksVs fo'ks"k vkgj.k vfèkdkjksa ds lkekU; vkoaVu esa ● lêsckt bu 'ks;jksa dks mPp dherksa ij v‚QyksM
RE
,d lnL; dh fgLlsnkjh fuèkkZfjr djrk gSA djus (cspus) ds ckn ykHk dekrs gSa vkSj bu 'ks;jksa
dks [kjhnus okys vU; yksxksa dks varr% Hkkjh uqdlku
dksVk leh{kk%
gks ldrk gS D;ksafd bu 'ks;jksa dh ewY; o`f) ;k rks
● varjjk"Vªh; eqæk dks"k dk cksMZ v‚Q xouZlZ fu;fer vutkus esa gksrh gS ;k çR;sd o`f) tkucw>dj fd;k
varjky ij dksVksa dh lkekU; leh{kk djrk gS] ;g tkus okyk gsjQsj gh gksrk gS vkSj dqN ugÈA
varjky ikap lky ls vfèkd ugÈ gksrk gSA
● vfèkÑr iwath% og lhek,a ftu rd fdlh daiuh
O
● dksVksa esa fdlh Hkh cnyko dks dqy ernku 'kfä ds }kjk 'ks;j tkjh fd, tk ldrs gSa & ftls ukeek=
85 çfr'kr cgqer ls vuqeksfnr fd;k tkuk pkfg,] ;k iath—r iwath ds :i esa Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA ;g
vkSj ,d lnL; dk viuk dksVk mldh lgefr ds daiuh vfèkfu;e (dkuwu) }kjk vko';d daiuh ds
fcuk ugÈ cnyk tk ldrk gSA
SC
eseksjsaMe v‚Q ,lksfl,'ku (Moan) vkSj vkÆVdy
v‚Q ,lksfl,'ku (AoA) esa r; dh xÃ gksrh gSA
lnL; ns'k dk dksVk%
● pqdrk iwath % fdlh daiuh dh vfèk—r iwath dk og
dksVk fgLlk ftlds fy, okLro esa 'ks;jèkkjdksa }kjk Hkqxrku
(fefy;u] fd;k x;k gSA vfèk—r lHkh 'ks;j tkjh ugÈ fd, tk
dksVk 'ks;j oksV 'ks;j
lnL; fo'ks"k oksV ldus ;k tkjh fd, x, 'ks;jksa ds fy, dsoy vkaf'kd
(%) (%)
vkgj.k :i ls Hkqxrku fd, tkus ls varj mRiUu gks ldrk
GS
vfèkdkj) gSA
la;qä 82994-2 17-46 831407 16-52 ● vfHknÙk iwath% og jkf'k tks okLro esa 'ks;jèkkjdksa
jkT; }kjk Hkqxrku dh xÃ gS ;k muds }kjk va'knku ds
vesfjdk fy, çfrc) dh xÃ gSA
tkiku 30820-5 6-48 309670 6-15 ● tkjh iwath% og jkf'k tks fdlh daiuh }kjk 'ks;j tkjh
phu 30482-9 6-41 306294 6-09 djds tqVkÃ tkrh gS tks daiuh dh vfèk—r iwath ls
teZuh 26634-4 5-6 267809 5-32 vfèkd ugÈ gks ldrh gSA
Ýkal 20155-1 4-24 203016 4-03 O;qRiUu (MsjsosfVOl)%
;qukbVsM 20155-1 4-24 203016 4-03
● O;qRiUu ,d ,slk mRikn gS ftldk ewY; lafonkRed
ÇdxMe
:i ls ,d ;k vfèkd cqfu;knh pj ds ewY; ls çkIr
bVyh 15070 3-17 152165 3-02 gksrk gS ftUgsa vkèkkj (varÆufgr laifÙk] lwpdkad ;k
Hkkjr 13114-4 2-76 132609 2-64 lanHkZ nj) ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA
:lh la?k 12903-7 2-71 130502 2-59 ● varÆufgr laifÙk bfDoVh] fons'kh eqæk] deksfMVh ;k
czkt+hy 11042 2-32 111885 2-22 dksÃ vU; laifÙk gks ldrh gSA
fo"k;% varjkZ"Vªh; laLFkku fo"k;% cktkj lapkyu
mi&fo"k;% varjjk"Vªh; eqæk dks"k mi&fo"k;% 'ks;j cktkj lapkyu
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 32
76. lgh fodYi% (b) çkfèkdj.k dks ifj;kstuk fodkl O;; dk 75% rd
;ksxnku nsxhA 'ks"k 25% jkf'k çk;kstd çkfèkdj.k
O;k[;k% }kjk lg&foÙk iksf"kr dh tk,xhA
● dFku 4 xyr gS% _.k dh olwyh ,d xSj&_.k
iwathxr çkfIr gksrh gSA Hkkjr volajpuk ifj;kstuk fodkl fufèk (IIPDF½
;kstuk
jktdks"kh; ?kkVs dk foÙkiks"k.k
● Hkkjr volajpuk ifj;kstuk fodkl fufèk ;kstuk dh
● fuEufyf[kr jktdks"kh; ?kkVs ds foÙkiks"k.k ds lzksr gSa LFkkiuk 2007 esa dh xÃ FkhA
ftUgsa _.k jlhnksa ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gS%
● ;g 2022&23 ls 2024&25 rd rhu o"kks± dh vofèk
♦ cktkj mèkkj ftlesa ljdkjh çfrHkwfr;ka (G&Sec) ds fy, 150 djksM+ #i;s ds dqy ifjO;; ds lkFk
vkSj Vªstjh fcy (Vh fcy) Hkh 'kkfey gksrs gSaA ,d dsaæh; {ks=d dh ;kstuk gSA
♦ NksVh cpr ds fo#) çfrHkwfr;kaA ● ;g ifj;kstuk fodkl ykxrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy,
♦ jkT; Hkfo"; fufèk;kaA lkoZtfud futh Hkkxhnkjh ¼PPP½ ifj;kstukvksa ds
♦ vkarfjd _.k vkSj lkoZtfud [kkrs ls çkfIr;kaA fy, çk;kstd çkfèkdj.kksa gsrq miyCèk gSA
♦ fons'kh _.k çkfIr;kaA ● çk;kstd çkfèkdj.k ds fy, lkoZtfud futh Hkkxhnkjh

¼PPP½ ifj;kstuk fodkl xfrfofèk;ksa dks 'kq: djus
RE
ljdkj }kjk mèkkj% ds fy, lkoZtfud futh Hkkxhnkjh ¼PPP½ çdks"B
dk fuekZ.k djuk vkSj mls 'kfä;ka çnku djuk
● blesa ljdkj }kjk ns'k ds vanj (;kuh vkarfjd mèkkj)
vko';d gksxk vkSj O;kid egRo ds uhfrxr vkSj
vkSj ns'k ds ckgj tqVk, x, lHkh nh?kZdkfyd _.k
fu;ked eqíksa dks Hkh lacksfèkr djuk gksxkA
(;kuh] ckgjh mèkkj) 'kkfey gksrs gSaA
● vkarfjd mèkkjksa esa Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad] Hkkjrh; cSadksa] mís';%
ldrs gSaA
O
foÙkh; laLFkkuksa vkfn ls fy, x, mèkkj 'kkfey gks ● bldk mís'; xq.koÙkkiw.kZ ifj;kstuk fodkl xfrfofèk;ksa
ds fy, foÙkh; lgk;rk çnku djuk gSA
● blh rjg] ckgjh mèkkjksa esa foÜo cSad] varjjk"Vªh; eqæk
dks"k] fons'kh cSadksa] fons'kh ljdkjksa] fons'kh foÙkh; egRo%
SC
laLFkkuksa vkfn ls fy, x, _.k 'kkfey gks ldrs ● çk;kstd çkfèkdj.k] lkoZtfud futh Hkkxhnkjh
gSaA ¼PPP½ ysunsu ykxr ds ,d fgLls dks iwjk djus
ds fy, èku çkIr djus esa l{ke gksxk] ftlls muds
ljdkjksa }kjk vU; çkfIr;ka% ctV ij [kjhn ls lacafèkr ykxrksa dk çHkko de gks
● buesa Hkfo"; fufèk (PF)] Mkd tek] fofHkUu y?kq tk,xkA
cpr ;kstukvksa (,l,l,l) vkSj turk dks csps
tkus okys ljdkjh c‚UM (bafnjk fodkl i=] fdlku foÙkh; ifjO;;%
GS
fodkl i=] cktkj fLFkjhdj.k ckaM] vkfn) ds ekè;e ● Hkkjr volajpuk ifj;kstuk fodkl fufèk ¼IIPDF½
ls ljdkj dks vÆtr gksus okyh dÃ nh?kZdkfyd iwath ifj;kstuk fodkl O;; dk 75% rd çk;kstd
'kkfey gksrh gSaA çkfèkdj.k dks C;kt eqä _.k ds :i esa ;ksxnku
● ,slh çkfIr;ka dqN vkSj ugÈ cfYd ,d rjg dk _.k nsxhA 'ks"k 25% jkf'k çk;kstd çkfèkdj.k }kjk
gSa ftu ij ljdkj dks mudh ifjiDork ij C;kt lg&foÙk iksf"kr dh tk,xhA
pqdkus dh t:jr gksrh gSA ● cksyh çfØ;k lQyrkiwoZd iwjh gksus ij] lQy
fo"k;% ctV fuekZ.k cksyhnkrk ls ifj;kstuk fodkl O;; dh olwyh dh
mi&fo"k;% ljdkj dk O;; vkSj çkfIr;ka tk,xhA
● gkykafd] cksyh dh foQyrk ds ekeys esa] _.k dks
77. lgh fodYi% (c) vuqnku esa ifjoÆrr fd;k tk,xkA
O;k[;k% ● ;fn çk;kstd çkfèkdj.k fdlh dkj.k ls cksyh çfØ;k
dks iwjk ugÈ djrk gS] rks ;ksxnku dh xÃ iwjh jkf'k
● dFku 1 xyr gS% ;g 2022&23 ls 2024&25 rd rhu
Hkkjr volajpuk ifj;kstuk fodkl fufèk ¼IIPDF½
o"kks± dh vofèk ds fy, 150 djksM+ #i;s ds dqy
dks okil dj nh tk,xhA
ifjO;; ds lkFk ,d dsaæh; {ks=d dh ;kstuk gSA
fo"k;% ljdkjh ;kstuk,a
● dFku 2 xyr gS% Hkkjr volajpuk ifj;kstuk fodkl mi&fo"k;% Hkkjr volajpuk ifj;kstuk fodkl fufèk
fufèk ¼IIPDF½ C;kt eqä _.k ds :i esa çk;kstd
;kstuk
33 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
78. lgh fodYi% (c) {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSad
O;k[;k% ● budh LFkkiuk 1970 ds n'kd esa foÙkh; lekos'ku ij
,e ujflEgu dh lfefr ds vkèkkj ij dh xÃ gSA
● nksuksa dFku lgh gSaA
● ;s cSad {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSad vfèkfu;e 1976 vkSj 2015
● çèkkuea=h Hkkjrh; tumoZjd ifj;kstuk ¼ou us'ku esa blds la'kksèku ds çkoèkkuksa ds rgr LFkkfir fd,
ou QÆVykbtj Ldhe½ x, gSaA
● çèkkuea=h Hkkjrh; tumoZjd ifj;kstuk ¼ONOF½ ● budk çk;kstd cSadksa ds lkFk lk>k LokfeRo gksrk gS
ds rgr daifu;ksa dks vius cSx ds dsoy ,d frgkÃ vkSj blesa la?k] jkT; vkSj çk;kstd cSad dh ernku
LFkku ij viuk uke] czkaM] yksxks vkSj vU; çklafxd 'kfä 51% gksrh gSa] mnkgj.k ds fy,] mÙkj fcgkj
mRikn tkudkjh çnÆ'kr djus dh vuqefr gSA xzkeh.k cSad ¼çk;kstd cSad& lsaVªy cSad v‚Q bafM;k½
● 'ks"k nks frgkÃ LFkku ij ÞHkkjrÞ czkaM vkSj çèkkuea=h ● ;s cSad udn vkjf{kr vuqikr ¼CRR½] oSèkkfud
Hkkjrh; tu moZjd ifj;kstuk dk yksxks fn[kkuk rjyrk vuqikr ¼SLR½ ekunaMksa ds vèkhu gksrs gSa]
gksxkA ysfdu Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad vyx ekunaM fuèkkZfjr dj
ldrk gSA
● lHkh moZjd daifu;ksa] jkT; O;kikj laLFkkvksa ¼,lVhÃ½
● {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSadksa dh lHkh _.k ifjlaifÙk;ksa dk
vkSj moZjd foi.ku laLFkkvksa ¼,Q,eÃ½ ds ekeys esa]
75% çkFkfedrk çkIr {ks=d _.k çnk;u ds rgr
;wfj;k] MkÃ&veksfu;e Q‚LQsV ¼DAP½] E;wfj,V v‚Q
RE
vkus okys {ks= esa tkuk pkfg,A
iksVk'k ¼MOP½ vkSj ukbVªkstu QkLQksjl iksVsf'k;e
¼NPK½ vkfn ds fy, ,dy czkaM uke Øe'k% Hkkjr ● mudh _.k C;kt njsa {ks= esa lgdkjh cSadksa dh
;wfj;k] Hkkjr Mh,ih] Hkkjr ,evksih vkSj Hkkjr ,uihds çpfyr mèkkj njksa ls vfèkd ugÈ gks ldrh gSaA
vkfn gksaxsA Hkqxrku cSad
● ;g ;kstuk lkoZtfud vkSj futh nksuksa {ks=dksa dh ● os foHksfnr cSad ykblsal ds rgr Hkh vkrs gSa D;ksafd
daifu;ksa ij ykxw gksrh gSA os mu lHkh lsokvksa dh is'kd'k ugÈ dj ldrs gSa tks
O
● ;g ns'k Hkj esa moZjd czkaMksa esa ,d:irk yk,xhA ,d okf.kfT;d cSad çnku djrk gSA
● orZeku esa] moZjdksa ds fdlh Hkh cSx ;k cSp }kjk ● os mèkkj ugÈ ns ldrsA
vko';d ekudksa dks iwjk ugÈ djus ds ekeys esa] ● ;s çfr [kkrk 1 yk[k #i;s rd tek ys ldrs gSaA
SC
daiuh dks nks"kh Bgjk;k tkrk gSA ● os MsfcV dkMZ tkjh dj ldrs gSa ysfdu ØsfMV dkMZ
● ysfdu vc] ;g ftEesnkjh iwjh rjg ls ljdkj ij ugÈA
Mkyh tk ldrh gSA
LFkkuh; {ks= cSad
fo"k;% Ñf"k
● igys LFkkuh; {ks= cSad vxLr 1996 esa ?kksf"kr Hkkjr
mi&fo"k;% çèkkuea=h Hkkjrh; tumoZjd ifj;kstuk ljdkj dh ;kstuk ds vuqlkj LFkkfir fd, x, FksA
● bldk eq[; mís'; xzkeh.k cpr dks tqVkuk vkSj mUgsa
GS
79. lgh fodYi% (d)

LFkkuh; {ks=ksa esa fuos'k ds fy, miyCèk djkuk FkkA
O;k[;k% ● çR;sd LFkkuh; {ks= cSad] daiuh vfèkfu;e] 1956 ds
● dFku 1 xyr gS% {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSadksa dh lHkh _.k rgr ,d ifCyd fyfeVsM daiuh ds :i esa iath—r
ifjlaifÙk;ksa dk 75% çkFkfedrk çkIr {ks=d mèkkj gksrk gSA gkykafd] mUgsa cSaÇdx fofu;eu vfèkfu;e]
ds {ks= esa rgr tkuk pkfg, 1949 ds rgr ykblsal çkIr gSA
● dFku 2 xyr gS% Hkqxrku cSad 1 yk[k rd tek Lohdkj ● mudk vfèkdre rhu lehiLFk ftyksa ij vfèkdkj
{ks= gS] vkSj mudk ewy dk;Z xzkeh.k vkSj vèkZ&'kgjh
dj ldrs gSaA
{ks=ksa esa èku tqVkuk gSA
● dFku 3 xyr gS% LFkkuh; {ks= cSadksa dks futh laLFkkvksa fo"k;% cSaÇdx ç.kkyh
}kjk lgt :i ls cSaÇdx fofu;eu vfèkfu;e ds
mi&fo"k;% cSadksa ds çdkj
rgr Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad dks vkosnu djds LFkkfir
fd;k tkrk gSA
80. lgh fodYi% ¼c½
foHksnd cSad O;k[;k%
● foHksfnr cSad ¼vkyk cSad½ ,sls cSad gSa tks vkcknh ds ● dFku 2 xyr gS% ;g IPPB }kjk d‚iksZjsV ekeyksa ds
,d fuf'pr tulkaf[;dh; [kaM dh t:jrksa dks ea=ky; ¼MCA½ ds rRokoèkku esa fuos'kd f'k{kk vkSj
iwjk djrs gSaA {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSad] y?kq foÙk cSad vkSj laj{k.k fufèk çkfèkdj.k ¼IEPFA½ ds lg;ksx ls 'kq:
Hkqxrku cSad Hkkjr esa foHksfnr cSadksa ds mnkgj.k gSaA fd;k x;k gSA
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 34
fuos'kd nhnh igy ● ESG ekunaM fuos'kdksa dks mu daifu;ksa ls cpus
● ;g efgykvksa ds fy, efgykvksa dh fopkjèkkjk ij esa Hkh enn dj ldrs gSa tks mudh i;kZoj.kh; ;k
vkèkkfjr gS] D;ksafd xzkeh.k {ks= dh efgyk,a ,d vU; çFkkvksa ds dkj.k vfèkd foÙkh; tksf[ke iSnk dj
efgyk ls gh vius ç'u iwNus esa vfèkd lgt eglwl ldrh gSaA
djrh gSaA fo"k;% fufèk;ksa ds çdkj
mi&fo"k;% ESG QaM
● bls IPPB }kjk d‚iksZjsV ekeyksa ds ea=ky; ¼MCA½
ds rRokoèkku esa fuos'kd f'k{kk vkSj laj{k.k fufèk
82. lgh fodYi% (a)
çkfèkdj.k ¼IEPFA½ ds lg;ksx ls y‚Up fd;k x;k
gSA O;k[;k%
● bl l= esa cSaÇdx vkSj foÙkh; mRiknksa] fofu;fer ● dFku 2 xyr gS% PARA vkÆFkd losZ{k.k 2017 esa
laLFkkvksa }kjk nh tkus okyh eq[;èkkjk dh foÙkh; çLrkfor fd;k x;k FkkA
lsokvksa esa 'kkfey gksus ds egRo vkSj fuos'k ls tqM+s
fofHkUu çdkj ds tksf[keksa ds f[kykQ lqj{kk vkSj cSM cSad (PARA)
èkks[kkèkM+h dh jksdFkke ds mik;ksa ls lacafèkr fo"k;ksa ● dsaæ ljdkj us ,d Lora= ifjlaifÙk iquÆuekZ.k ;k
dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA ifjlaifÙk çcaèku daiuh LFkkfir djus ds fopkj dks
● bafM;k iksLV isesaV~l cSad ¼IPPB½ us Jhuxj] iqutÊfor fd;k gS] tks ,d çdkj dk *cSM cSad* gSA
RE
tEew&d'ehj esa *efgykvksa }kjk] efgykvksa ds fy,* ● vkÆFkd losZ{k.k fjiksVZ 2017 esa eq[; vkÆFkd
foÙkh; lk{kjrk dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, *fuos'kd nhnh* lykgdkj vjÇon lqcze.;u us ^lkoZtfud {ks=d
uked ,d igy ds lkFk Hkkjr dk igyk ¶yksÇVx laifÙk iquokZl ,tsalh* ¼PARA½ ds xBu dk lq>ko
foÙkh; lk{kjrk f'kfoj vk;ksftr fd;kA fn;k Fkk tks PSBs ls gksus okys uqdlku dks lgu
fo"k;% foÙkh; lk{kjrk igy djus ds fy, *cSM cSad* ds :i esa dke djsxhA
mi&fo"k;% fuos'kd nhnh igy ● PARA PSBs ls cSM yksu [kjhnsxh]
O yksu&fjLVªDpÇjx@ifjlekiu&uhykeh ls vfèkdre
81. lgh fodYi% ¼d½ ewY; mckjus dh dksf'k'k djsxh vkSj ?kkVs dks de
djsxhA
O;k[;k%
● cSM cSad ,d ,slh laLFkk gS tks cSadksa vkSj foÙkh;
SC
● fodYi ¼d½ lgh gS laLFkkuksa (FIs) ls NPAs ;k rukoxzLr _.k [kjhnrh
gS] T;knkrj fj;k;rh cktkj ewY; ijA blds ckn
Ã,lth QaM ;g is'ksoj çcaèku] fcØh ;k iquxZBu ds ekè;e ls
● ESG QaM fdlh daiuh ds xSj&foÙkh; dkjdksa ij laifÙk;ksa dh olwyh vkSj iquokZl dk dke djrk gSA
è;ku dsafær djrs gSa vkSj mu daifu;ksa ds 'ks;jksa
esa fuos'k djrs gSa ftuesa fdlh Hkh gkfudkjd 83. lgh fodYi% ¼d½
i;kZoj.kh; çHkko ;k fdlh Hkh lkekftd tksf[ke
GS
dk dksÃ lcwr ugÈ feyrk gS( os d‚iksZjsV lkekftd O;k[;k%

ftEesnkjh ¼CSR½ mik;ksa ds fy, çfrc) gSa( vkSj ● fodYi ¼d½ xyr gS
fgrèkkjd vkSj O;kid lekt ds lkFk gkfudkjd
lacaèk ugÈ j[krs gSaA Xykscy oSDlhu ekdsZV fjiksVZ 2022
● Hkkjrh; çfrHkwfr ,oa fofue; cksMZ (SEBI½ ds ● foÜo LokLF; laxBu (WHO) us *Xykscy oSDlhu
vuqlkj] ESG QaM fo"k;xr QaM dh Js.kh esa vkrs ekdsZV fjiksVZ 2022* tkjh dhA
gSaA ● oSDlhu cktkjksa ds fy, dksfoM&19 ds fufgrkFkks± dks
● igyk ESG E;wpqvy QaM Hkkjrh; LVsV cSad & çdV djus dk ç;kl djus okyh ;g igyh fjiksVZ
,lchvkÃ eSXue bfDoVh Ã,lth QaM }kjk y‚Up gS] ftlesa oSDlhu vlekurk ds eqís dks mtkxj fd;k
fd;k x;k FkkA x;k gSA
● i;kZoj.k] lkekftd vkSj 'kklu ¼ESG½ ekunaM] fjiksVZ ds fu"d"kZ%
fuos'kdksa ds fy, mu daifu;ksa dk ewY;kadu djus ● ;g fn[kkrh gS fd dksfoM&19 oSDlhuksa ds ekeys esa
dk ,d rsth ls yksdfç; gks jgk rjhdk gS ftuesa os vleku forj.k dksÃ fof'k"V ckr ugÈ gS] D;ksafd de
fuos'k djuk pkgrs gSaA vk; okys ns'k yxkrkj mu oSDlhuksa dks çkIr djus
● dÃ E;wpqvy QaM] czksdjst QeZ vkSj jkscks&lykgdkj ds fy, la?k"kZ dj jgs gSa ftudh mPp vk; okys ns'kksa
vc ,sls mRiknksa dh is'kd'k djrs gSa tks ESG esa Hkkjh ekax gSA lhfer oSDlhu vkiwÆr vkSj vleku
ekunaMksa dks fu;ksftr djrs gSaA forj.k oSfÜod vlekurkvksa dks c<+krs gSaA
35 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
● xHkkZ'k; xzhok ds dSalj ds f[kykQ ekuo isfiyksekok;jl 85. lgh fodYi% (a)
(HPV) oSDlhu dsoy de vk; okys 41% ns'kksa esa
is'k dh xÃ gS] Hkys gh os mPp vk; okys 83% ns'kksa
O;k[;k%
dh rqyuk esa chekjh ds vfèkd cks> dk çfrfufèkRo ● fodYi (a) lgh gS
djrs gSaA
¶yksVs'ku ds rjhds
● oSDlhu dh miyCèkrk çkIr çkIr djus esa bldk
● çkFkfed cktkj esa u, fuxZeksa dks ¶yksV djus ds
lLrk u gksuk ,d cM+h ckèkk gSA gkykafd oSDlhu dh
fofHkUu rjhds gSa%
dherksa dk Lrj vk; ds vkèkkj ij fuèkkZfjfr fd;k
tkrk gS] ysfdu ewY; vlekurkvksa ds dkj.k eè;e vfèkdkj fuxZe ¼Rights Issue½
vk; okys ns'kksa dks dÃ oSDlhu mRiknksa ds fy, vehj ● ;g ekStwnk 'ks;jèkkjdksa dks daiuh ds fu;eksa vkSj 'krks±
ns'kksa dh rqyuk esa vfèkd Hkqxrku djuk iM+rk gSA ds vuqlkj 'ks;jksa ds u, fuxZe dh lnL;rk ysus ds
● eqä cktkj dh xfr'khyrk ds ifj.kkeLo:i nqfu;k fy, fn;k x;k fo'ks"kkfèkdkj gSA
ds dqN lcls xjhc vkSj lcls detksj yksxksa dks ● 'ks;jèkkjdksa dks igys ls ekStwn 'ks;jksa dh la[;k ds
muds LokLF; ds vfèkdkj ls oafpr fd;k tk jgk gSA vuqikr esa u, 'ks;j [kjhnus dk *vfèkdkj* fn;k tkrk
urhtru] thou cpkus] chekjh dks jksdus vkSj Hkfo"; gSA
ds ladVksa ds fy, rS;kj jgus ds fy, oSfÜod oSDlhu
RE
fooj.k&if=dk ¼ç‚LisDVl½ ds ekè;e ls çLrko
cktkj esa egRoiw.kZ cnyko dh vko';drk gSA A
● ;g çkFkfed cktkj esa lkoZtfud daifu;ksa }kjk
fo"k;% varjkZ"Vªh; fjiksVZ vkSj lwpdkad èku tqVkus dk lcls yksdfç; rjhdk gSA blesa
mi&fo"k;% Xykscy oSDlhu ekdsZV fjiksVZ 2022 fooj.k&if=dk ¼ç‚LisDVl½ tkjh djds turk ls
lnL;rk vkeaf=r dh tkrh gSA
84. lgh fodYi% ¼b½ ● fooj.k&if=dk ¼ç‚LisDVl½ v[kckjksa vkSj if=dkvksa
O
O;k[;k% esa foKkiu ds ekè;e ls fuos'kdksa ls iwath tqVkus dh
lhèkh vihy djrh gSA
● dFku 1 xyr gS% ;g ewY; fLFkjhdj.k fufèk (PSF) ds
● fuxZeksa dks vaMjjkbV fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj de ls
rgr nkyksa vkSj fryguksa ds fy, dsaæh; [kjhn ,tsalh de ,d LV‚d ,Dlpsat esa lwphc) gksuk pkfg,A
SC
gSA
● fooj.k&if=dk ¼ç‚LisDVl½ dh fo"k;&oLrq daiuh
y?kq Ñ"kd Ñf"k O;olk; dalksÆV;e (SFAC)% vfèkfu;e vkSj lsch çdVhdj.k vkSj fuos'kd laj{k.k
fn'kkfunsZ'kksa ds çkoèkkuksa ds vuqlkj gksuh pkfg,A
● y?kq —"kd —f"k O;olk; dalksÆV;e (SFAC½]
—f"k lg;ksx vkSj fdlku dY;k.k ea=ky;] Hkkjr fcØh ds fy, çLrko
ljdkj }kjk çoÆrr ,d Lok;Ùk laLFkk gSA SFAC ● bl i)fr ds rgr] çfrHkwfr;ksa dks lhèks turk dks
GS
,d fo'ks"k lekt gS tks —f"k O;olk; ds ,d=hdj.k tkjh ugÈ fd;k tkrk gS] cfYd fuxZe x`gksa ;k LV‚d
vkSj fodkl ds ekè;e ls NksVs vkSj lhekar fdlkuksa czksdjksa tSls eè;LFkksa ds ekè;e ls fcØh ds fy, is'k
dh vk; c<+kus ij è;ku dsafær djrk gSA SFAC] fd;k tkrk gSA
FPOs@FPCs ds fy, ,d ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= ● bl ekeys esa] daiuh nykyksa dks lger ewY; ij
LFkkfir djus dh fn'kk esa çxfr dj jgk gS rkfd çfrHkwfr;ka csprh gS] tks fQj fuos'k djus okyh turk
mUgsa yacs le; esa fVdkÅ vkSj O;ogk;Z cuk;k tk dks mudk iquÆoØ; djrs gSaA
ldsA SFAC] jk"Vªh; —f"k cktkj bysDVª‚fud VªsÇMx
futh IyslesaV
¼e&Nam½ IysVQ‚eZ dks Hkh ykxw dj jgk gSA
● futh IyslesaV esa ,d daiuh }kjk laLFkkxr fuos'kdksa
● bl ;kstuk dk mís'; fdlkuksa ds lkFk cSdoMZ Çydst vkSj dqN p;fur O;fä;ksa dks çfrHkwfr;ksa dk vkoaVu
LFkkfir djus okyh —f"k&O;olk; ifj;kstukvksa dks fd;k tkrk gSA
c<+kok nsuk] mudh mit dks lqfuf'pr cktkj çnku
● ;g lkoZtfud fuxZe dh rqyuk esa vfèkd rst+h ls
djuk gS rkfd jkstxkj iSnk gksa vkSj fdlkuksa dh vk; iwath tqVkus esa lgk;d gksrk gSA
esa o`f) gksA SFAC miHkksäk ekeyksa ds foHkkx ds
● fofHkUu vfuok;Z vkSj xSj&vfuok;Z [kpks± ds dkj.k
ewY; fLFkjhdj.k dks"k ds rgr nygu vkSj frygu
çkFkfed cktkj rd igqap egaxh gks ldrh gSA
ds fy, dsaæh; [kjhn ,tsafl;ksa esa ls ,d gSA
blfy,] dqN daifu;ka lkoZtfud fuxZe dk [kpZ
fo"k;% Ñf"k ogu ugÈ dj ldrh gSa vkSj futh IyslesaV dk
mi&fo"k;% y?kq fdlku Ñf"k O;olk; dalksÆV;e mi;ksx djuk pqurh gSaA
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 36
Ã&vkÃihvks ● ns;rk i{k ds rgr] mRiknksa ,oa lsokvksa esa lfEefyr
● LV‚d ,Dlpsat dh v‚u&ykbu ç.kkyh ds ekè;e ls gSa% (i) [kkrk [kksyuk% fofHkUu ;kstukvksa ds rgr cpr
turk ls iwath tqVkus dk çLrko djus okyh daiuh cSad [kkrk] pkyw [kkrk] lkofèk tek rFkk vkorÊ tek
dks LV‚d ,Dlpsat ds lkFk ,d vuqcaèk djuk gksrk [kkrk( (ii) xzkgdksa ds fy, fMftVy fdV% eksckby
gSA bls çkjafHkd lkoZtfud çLrko ¼IPO½ dgk tkrk cSaÇdx] baVjusV cSaÇdx] MsfcV dkMZ] ØsfMV dkMZ vkSj
gSA ekl Vªkaft+V flLVe dkMZ( (iii) O;kikfj;ksa ds fy,
fMftVy fdV% UPI QR dksM] BHIM vkèkkj]
● daifu;ka turk dks u, 'ks;j tkjh djds çkjafHkd POS bR;kfnA
lkoZtfud çLrko ¼IPO½ dh enn ls bfDoVh iwath
tqVk ldrh gSa ;k ekStwnk 'ks;jèkkjd uÃ iwath tqVk, ● ifjlaifÙk mRiknksa ,oa lsokvksa ds rgr] cSadksa dks
fcuk vius 'ks;j turk dks csp ldrs gSaA fuEufyf[kr lqfoèkk,¡ çnku djuh pkfg,% (i) fuèkkZfjr
[kqnjk O;olk;ksa] MSME] vFkok ;kstukc) _.kksa ds
● SEBI iath—r nykyksa dks vkosnu Lohdkj djus
vkSj daiuh ds lkFk v‚MZj nsus ds mís'; ls fu;qä fy, orZeku rFkk Hkkoh xzkgdksa ds fy, vkosnu rS;kj
fd;k tkuk gSA djukA blds varxZr v‚uykbu :i ls vkosnu Hkjus
ls ysdj forj.k rd] ,sls _.kksa ds laiw.kZ fMftVy
● ,Dlpsat ds lkFk bysDVª‚fud dusfDVfoVh j[kus ds
fy,] tkjhdrkZ daiuh dks ,d jftLVªkj Hkh fu;qä çlaLdj.k dks lfEefyr djuk( (ii) jk"Vªh; iksVZy ds
djuk pkfg,A tkjhdrkZ daiuh viuh çfrHkwfr;ksa dks rgr doj dh xÃ ljdkj }kjk çk;ksftr ;kstukvksa
RE
ml ,Dlpsat ds vykok fdlh vU; ,Dlpsat ij dh igpku djukA
lwphc) djus ds fy, vkosnu dj ldrh gS ftlds ● tgka rd fMftVy lsokvksa dk fo"k; gS] çR;sd DBU
ekè;e ls mlus viuh çfrHkwfr;ksa dh is'kd'k dh gSA dks fuEufyf[kr lqfoèkk,¡ çnku djuh gksaxh% (i) dsoy
çeq[k çcaèkd bl fuxZe ls tqM+s eè;LFkksa ds chp lHkh ,Vh,e rFkk udn tek e'khuksa ds ekè;e ls Øe'k%
xfrfofèk;ksa dk leUo; djrk gSA udnh ds vkgj.k rFkk tek dh lqfoèkk & dkmaVjksa
fo"k;% ¶yksVs'ku ds rjhds
mi&fo"k;% ¶yksVs'ku ds rjhds
O ij fdlh Hkh çdkj dh HkkSfrd udnh dks u gh
Lohdkj fd;k tk,xk vkSj u gh mldk laforj.k
fd;k tk,xk( (ii) iklcqd eqæ.k@fooj.k l`tu(
86. lgh fodYi% (d) (iii) baVjusV cSaÇdx ij miyCèk leLr@vfèkdka'k
SC
O;k[;k% lsok,a çnku djus gsrq baVjusV cSaÇdx fd;ksLd dh
● lHkh dFku lgh gSaA lqfoèkk çnku djuk] blds varxZr psd cqd o jlhnksa
dh ekax djuk rFkk mUgsa tkjh djuk vkSj lkFk&gh
fMftVy cSaÇdx bdkb;k¡ xzkgdksa ds fofHkUu LFkk;h funsZ'kksa dks v‚uykbu :i
● fMftVy cSaÇdx bdkÃ] fu;r LFkku ij fLFkr ,d ls lalkfèkr djuk lfEefyr gSa( (iv) fufèk;ksa dk
fo'ks"kh—r O;kikj bdkÃ vFkok gc gS ftls vuqlwfpr gLrkarj.k (NEFT@IMPS leFkZu }kjk)( (v)
GS
okf.kfT;d cSadksa }kjk LFkkfir fd;k tkrk gS] bl bdkÃ KYC@vU; O;fäxr fooj.k vkfn dk v|ru
esa fMftVy cSaÇdx mRiknksa ,oa lsokvksa dks forfjr djuk( (iv) fMftVy :i ls f'kdk;r ntZ djuk vkSj
djus gsrq fof'k"V U;wure fMftVy lajpukRed <k¡pk mldh ikorh] vkSj fuokj.k fLFkfr ij ut+j j[kuk(
çnku fd;k tkrk gS rFkk blds lkFk&lkFk fo|eku (v) [kkrk [kksyus ds fy, fd;ksLd fd lqfoèkk( (vi)
foÙkh; mRiknksa ,oa lsokvksa dks fMftVy :i ls fdlh
e&KYC@ohfM;ks KYC ;qä fd;ksLd( (vii) vVy
Hkh le; Lo&lsok eksM esa lÆol fd;k tkrk gSA
isa'ku ;kstuk tSlh ;kstukvksa ds fy, xzkgdksa dh
● fMftVy cSaÇdx bdkb;ksa dh LFkkiuk ;g lqfuf'pr fMftVy v‚ucksÉMx( (viii) çèkkuea=h thou T;ksfr
djus ds mís'; ls dh tk jgh gS fd ns'k ds dksus&dksus chek ;kstuk vkSj çèkkuea=h lqj{kk chek ;kstuk ds
rd fMftVy cSaÇdx dk ykHk igq¡pk;k tk lds rFkk
fy, v‚ucksÉMx chekA
;g leLr jkT;ksa o dsaæ 'kkflr çns'kksa dks doj
djsA ● {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSadksa] Hkqxrku cSadksa ,oa LFkkuh; {ks=h;
● baVjusV cSaÇdx vFkok eksckby cSaÇdx ds ekè;e cSadksa ds vfrfjä lHkh ?kjsyw vuqlwfpr okf.kfT;d
ls fMftVy :i ls çnku fd;s tkus okys fdlh cSad] fMftVy cSaÇdx bdkb;ka LFkkfir dj ldrs gSaA
Hkh mRikn ;k lsok dks fMftVy cSaÇdx bdkb;ksa esa 75 DBU ds çFke pj.k esa] 11 lkoZtfud {ks=d ds
miyCèk djk;k tk ldrk gSA cSadksa] 12 futh {ks=d ds cSadksa rFkk ,d NksVs foÙkh;
● ,d DBU ds varxZr ns;rk i{k ds mRikn ,oa lsok,¡ cSad us bl dk;ZØe esa Hkkx fy;kA
rFkk ifjlaifÙk i{k ds mRikn ,oa lsokvksa] nksuksa dks fo"k;% cSadksa dk fMftVyhdj.k
miyCèk djk;k x;k gSA mi&fo"k;% fMftVy cSaÇdx bdkb;k¡
37 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
87. lgh fodYi% (c) ● pw¡fd egaxkÃ nj vYidkfyd vk?kkrksa ds dkj.k
vfLFkjrk n'kkZrh gS] bl dkj.k dÃ ns'kksa esa dsaæh;
O;k[;k%
cSad ewy eqækLQhfr ij è;ku dsafær djrs gSaA
● nksuksa dFku lgh gSaA fo"k;% eqækLQhfr
jk"Vªh; ikni tSoçkS|ksfxdh laLFkku (NIPB) mi&fo"k;% ewy&eqækLQhfr
● jk"Vªh; ikni tSoçkS|ksfxdh laLFkku (NIPB)] Hkkjrh;
89. lgh fodYi% (a)
—f"k vuqlaèkku ifj"kn (ICAR) dk ,d çeq[k 'kksèk
laLFkku gSA O;k[;k%
● bl laLFkku dh LFkkiuk o"kZ 1985 esa Qlyh ikSèkksa ● ;qXe 2 lgh lqesfyr ugÈ gS% xSj&_.k çkfIr;ka &
esa vk.kfod tSfodh rFkk tSo çkS|ksfxdh vuqlaèkku fofuos'k çkfIr;ka
gsrq Hkkjrh; —f"k vuqlaèkku laLFkku (IARI) ds *tSo
çkS|ksfxdh dsaæ* ds :i esa dh xÃ FkhA ● ;qXe 3 lgh lqesfyr ugÈ gS% xSj&dj jktLo &
lkoZtfud {ks=d ds m|eksa ls çkIr ykHk
● —f"k esa tSo çkS|ksfxdh dh Hkwfedk dh nwjnÆ'krk us
bl laLFkku ds fy, cM+s mÙkjnkf;Roksa dks tUe fn;k dsaæ ljdkj dh çkfIr;ka
vkSj o"kZ 1993 esa bls jk"Vªh; ikni tSo çkS|ksfxdh
● dsaæ ljdkj dh çkfIr;ksa dks çeq[k :i ls xSj&_.k
vuqlaèkku dsaæ (vc NIPB) ds :i esa inksUur fd;k
RE
x;kA rFkk _.k çkfIr;ksa esa foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
● ,d lgt çkjaHk rFkk dqN leÆir oSKkfudksa ds ● xSj&_.k çkfIr;ksa esa dj jktLo] xSj&dj jktLo]
lkFk] ;g laLFkku iwlk t; fdlku tSlh fdLeksa dks _.kksa dh olwyh vkSj fofuos'k çkfIr;ka lfEefyr gksrs
lQyrkiwoZd çnku djus esa lQy jgk] bl fdLe gSaA
dks vkt rd ICAR }kjk tkjh 'kh"kZ rhu ljlksa dh ● _.k çkfIr;ksa esa vfèkdrj cktkj _.k rFkk os vU;
fdLeksa esa ls ,d ekuk x;k gSA
O
nsunkfj;ka lfEefyr gksrh gSa] ftUgsa ljdkj Hkfo"; esa
● NIPB esa fodflr eksjhdkafM;k vkèkkfjr CMS pqdkus ds fy, ckè; gksrh gSA
ç.kkyh us NRC ladj ljlksa (DRMR] Hkjriqj) ● xSj&dj jktLo esa eq[; :i ls jkT;ksa rFkk
vkSj dksjy 432 uked ljlksa dh ladfjr fdLeksa ds dsaæ&'kkflr çns'kksa dks çnku fd;s x, _.kksa ij
SC
okf.kfT;d mRiknu esa dkQ+h ;ksxnku fn;k gSA
C;kt çkfIr;ka] lkoZtfud {ks=d ds m|eksa ls çkIr
fo"k;% Ñf"k ykHkka'k o ykHk lfEefyr gksrs gSa] blds lkFk&lkFk
mi&fo"k;% jk"Vªh; ikni tSoçkS|ksfxdh laLFkku (NIPB) blds varxZr Hkkjr ljdkj dks gLrkarfjr fd;s x,
Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad ds vfèk'ks"k dh jkf'k] rFkk dsaæ
88. lgh fodYi% (b) ljdkj }kjk çnku dh tkus okyh lsokvksa ds fy,
O;k[;k% ckgjh vuqnku rFkk çkfIr;ka lfEefyr gksrs gSaA
GS
● dFku 1 xyr gS% ewy eqækLQhfr vYidkfyd vk?kkrksa fo"k;% dsaæ ljdkj dh çkfIr;ka
ds dkj.k dksÃ vfLFkjrk çnÆ'kr ugÈ djrh gSA mi&fo"k;% dsaæ ljdkj dh çkfIr;ksa ds çdkj
ewy eqækLQhfr% 90. lgh fodYi% (c)

● ewy eqækLQhfr] eqækLQhfr ds ?kVd ds vuq:i gksrh
gS] ftldh nh?kZ vofèk rd tkjh jgus dh laHkkouk O;k[;k%
jgrh gSA ewy eqækLQhfr eqækLQhfr dh varÆufgr ● nksuksa dFku lgh gSaA
ço`fÙk dk vfHkxzg.k dj ysrh gS vkSj blfy, ;g
vfèkd fLFkj jgrh gSA cktkj lajpuk ds çdkj
● eqækLQhfr ds xSj&çeq[k ?kVd ds foijhr] ewy ● iw.kZ çfr;ksfxrk% iw.kZ çfr;ksfxrk ,d ,slh cktkj
eqækLQhfr vLFkk;h vk?kkrksa ds dkj.k çHkkfor ugÈ lajpuk dk o.kZu djrh gS] ftlds varxZr cM+h la[;k
gksrh gSA Hkkjr esa] ewy eqækLQhfr dks vkdyu vke esa NksVh daifu;ka ,d&nwljs ds fo#) çfrLièkkZ djrh
rkSj ij egaxkÃ nj esa ls vR;fèkd vfLFkj ?kVdksa dks gSaA bl ifj–'; esa] fdlh ,d QeZ dks cktkj ij
fudky dj fd;k tkrk gSA dksÃ egRoiw.kZ vfèkdkj çkIr ugÈ gksrk gSA vkSj pw¡fd
● viuh ço`fr ds dkj.k] Hkkstu rFkk b±èku vR;fèkd dksÃ Hkh vdsyh QeZ cktkj dh dherksa dks çHkkfor
vfLFkj jgs gSaA blfy,] ge egaxkÃ nj esa ls [kk| ugÈ dj ikrh] ifj.kkeLo:i] lHkh m|e lkekftd
o b±èku ?kVdksa dks gVkdj ewy eqækLQhfr ij igqaprs rkSj ij iw.kZ :i ls mRiknksa dk b"Vre Lrj ij
gSaA mRiknu djrs gSaA
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 38
● ,dkfèkdkj çfr;ksfxrk% ,dkfèkdkj çfr;ksfxrk ,d ● PM&DevINE ;kstuk iwoksZÙkj {ks=ksa ds fodkl gsrq
,slh cktkj lajpuk dks Hkh lanÆHkr djrh gS] tgka miyCèk lalkèkuksa dh çek=k ds lkFk&lkFk pykÃ xÃ
cM+h la[;k esa NksVh daifu;ka ,d&nwljs ds fo#) ,d u;h igy gSA ;g orZeku dsaæh; ,oa jkT;h;
çfrLièkkZ djrh gSaA ;|fi] iw.kZ çfr;ksfxrk ds foijhr] ;kstukvksa dk fodYi ugÈ gksxhA
,dkfèkdkj çfr;ksfxrk esa lHkh Qes± l–'k] ijUrq FkksM+s ● ;g ;kstuk iwoksZÙkj {ks=ksa ds fodkl ea=ky; }kjk
fHkUu mRiknksa dk foØ; djrh gSaA ;g cktkj lajpuk iwoksZÙkj ifj"kn vFkok dsaæh; ea=ky;ksa@,tsafl;ksa ds
lHkh Qeks± dks dqN lhek rd cktkj ij çHkqRo çnku ekè;e ls dk;kZfUor dh tk,xhA
djrh gS] ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i ;s Qes± ,d fuf'pr
lhek ds Hkhrj jgrs gq, mPp dherksa dh ek¡x dj fo"k;% volajpukRed uhfr;ka
ldrh gSaA mi&fo"k;% iwoksZÙkj {ks=ksa ds fy, çèkkuea=h dh fodkl
igy
● vYikfèkdkj% vYikfèkdkj ml cktkj lajpuk dk o.kZu
djrk gS ftlds varxZr dsoy dqN gh Qeks± dk çHkqRo
92. lgh fodYi% (d)
gksrk gSA blds ifj.kkeLo#i çfrLièkkZ lhfer jgrh
gSA daifu;ka ;k rks ,d&nwljs ds fo#) çfrLièkkZ dj O;k[;k%
ldrh gSa ;k ,d&nwljs ds lkFk feydj dk;Z dj ● dFku 1 xyr gS% MSS dk mi;ksx cktkj ls rjyrk
ldrh gSa (dksVZu cuke cVªs±M çfr;ksfxrk Hkh ns[ksa)A vo'kks"k.k ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
RE
,slk djds] ;s Qes± viuh lkewfgd cktkj çHkqrk dk
mi;ksx dhersa c<+kus rFkk vfèkd ykHk vÆtr djus ● dFku 2 xyr gS% bl ;kstuk ds rgr tkjh MSS
gsrq dj ldrh gSaA ckaM] ns'k ds vkarfjd _.kksa ds ,d va'k ds :i esa
lfEefyr fd;s x, gSaA
● ,dkfèkdkj% ,dkfèkdkj ,d ,slh cktkj lajpuk dks
lanÆHkr djrk gS ftlds rgr dsoy ,d QeZ iw.kZ cktkj fLFkjhdj.k ;kstuk (MSS)
cktkj dks fu;af=r djrh gSA bl ifj–'; esa] pw¡fd
● MSS ;kstuk ,d ekSfæd&uhfr lkèku gSA ;g
O
miHkksäkvksa ds ikl dksÃ fodYi miyCèk ugÈ gksrk gS]
Hkkjr ljdkj dks Hkkjrh; fjt+oZ cSad ls _.k ysus esa
QeZ dks mPpre cktkj çHkqrk çkIr gksrh gSA ftlds
l{ke cukrk gS (;s _.k Hkkjr ljdkj dh lkekU;
QyLo:i] ,dkfèkdkjh Qes± çk;% mRiknu dks de
_.k vko';drkvksa ds vfrfjä gksrs gSa) rFkk blds
dj nsrh gSa rkfd dherksa dks c<+k;k tk lds rFkk
SC
vfèkdkfèkd ykHk vÆtr fd;k tk ldsA lkFk&lkFk ;g Hkkjr ljdkj dks jktdks"k&foi=
Vªstjh&fcy@fnukafdr çfrHkwfr;ka tkjh dj _.k
fo"k;% cktkj lajpuk
ysus esa l{ke cukrk gSA bu foi=ksa o çfrHkwfr;ksa dk
mi&fo"k;% cktkj lajpukvksa ds çdkj mi;ksx cktkj ls vfrfjä rjyrk dks 'kkfey djus
ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
91. lgh fodYi% (b)
● MSS ,d ,slh O;oLFkk dk xBu djrh gS tks
O;k[;k% pyfufèk dk lek;kstu djus esa lgk;rk djrh gS]
GS
● dFku 3 xyr gS% iwoksZÙkj {ks=ksa ds fy, çèkkuea=h dh ;g ;kstuk RBI dh lexz ekSfæd uhfr ds vuq:i
fodkl igy PM&DevINE] iwoksZÙkj {ks= dk cukÃ xÃ gS ftlds rgr pyfufèk lek;kstu lqfoèkk
fodkl djus gsrq miyCèk lalkèkuksa dh çek=k ds (LAF) rFkk [kqyk&cktkj dkjZokÃ;ksa (OMO) tSls
lkFk&lkFk pykÃ xÃ ,d uÃ igy gSA ;g igy lkèkuksa dks Hkh lekfgr fd;k x;k gSA
orZeku dsaæh; ,oa jkT;h; ;kstukvksa dk fodYi ugÈ ● MSS ds rgr tkjh çfrHkwfr;ksa dks cktkj fLFkjhdj.k
gksxhA ;kstuk (MSS) çfrHkwfr;ka@ckaM dgk tkrk gS] bu
çfrHkwfr;ksa dks RBI }kjk vk;ksftr uhykeh ds ekè;e
iwoksZÙkj {ks=ksa ds fy, çèkkuea=h dh fodkl igy (PM-
ls tkjh fd;k tkrk gS rFkk bUgsa Hkkjr ljdkj o
DevINE)-
RBI }kjk ikjLifjd :i ls lEer ,d fuÆn"V
● iwoksZÙkj {ks=ksa (NER) esa fodkl varjky dks nwj mPpre lhek ds vuqlkj lEiUu fd;k tkrk gSA
djus ds mís'; ls dsaæh; ctV 2022&23 esa ,d uÃ
● bl ;kstuk ds rgr tkjh ckaM esa orZeku
;kstuk] PM&DevINE dh ?kks"k.kk dh xÃ FkhA
jktdks"k&foi=@fnukafdr çfrHkwfr;ksa dh lHkh
● ;g ,d dsaæh; {ks=d dh ;kstuk gS ftldk iw.kZ fo'ks"krk,a varÆufgr gksrh gSa rFkk bu ckaMksa dks ns'k
foÙk&iks"k.k dsaæh; ljdkj }kjk fd;k tk,xkA ds ^dsUæh; ljdkj ds vkarfjd _.kksa* ds ,d va'k ds
● bl uÃ ;kstuk dk ifjO;; 6]600 djksM+ #i;s gS] :i esa lfEefyr fd;k x;k gSA
ftls o"kZ 2022&23 ls 2025&26 rd 15osa foÙk vk;ksx fo"k;% fofHkUu ;kstuk,a
ds 'ks"k pkj o"kks± ds nkSjku ykxw fd;k tk,xkA mi&fo"k;% cktkj fLFkjhdj.k ;kstuk
39 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
93. lgh fodYi% (d) lEiw.kZ fV;j&1 iwath x¡ok nsrk gS] rc fV;j&2 iwath
dk mi;ksx ?kkVs dks vo'kksf"kr djus ds fy, fd;k
O;k[;k% tkrk gSA
● tksf[ke&Hkkfjr ifjlaifÙk;ka% tksf[ke&Hkkfjr
iwath i;kZIrrk vuqikr (CAR)% ifjlaifÙk;ksa dk mi;ksx iwath dh og U;wure jkf'k
fuèkkZfjr djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS tks fnokfy;kiu
● iwath i;kZIrrk vuqikr (CAR) fdlh cSad dh miyCèk ds tksf[ke dks de djus ds fy, cSadksa rFkk vU;
iwath dk ,d eki gS ftls cSad ds tksf[ke&Hkkfjr laLFkkuksa ds ikl gksuh vfuok;Z gSA
_.k vjf{krrkvksa ds çfr'kr ds :i esa O;ä fd;k
fo"k;% fofHkUu cSaÇdx lkèku
tkrk gSA
mi&fo"k;% iwath i;kZIrrk vuqikr
● iwath i;kZIrrk vuqikr] ftls iwath&ls&tksf[ke Hkkfjr
laifÙk vuqikr (CRAR) Hkh dgk tkrk gS] dk mi;ksx 94. lgh fodYi% (a)
tekdrkZvksa dks lqj{kk çnku djus gsrq rFkk foÜo Hkj
esa foÙkh; ç.kkfy;ksa dh fLFkjrk ,oa n{krk dks c<+kok O;k[;k%
nsus gsrq fd;k tkrk gSA ● dFku 2 xyr gS% jktdks"k&foi= Hkkjr ljdkj
● nks çdkj dh iwaft;ksa dks ekik tkrk gS% fV;j&1 iwath] }kjk tkjh vYidkfyd _.k lkèku gSa tcfd G&Sec
ljdkjh çfrHkwfr;ka] ,d o"kZ ;k mlls vfèkd vofèk
RE
og iwath tks iwathxr gkfu;ksa dks lekfgr djus esa
leFkZ gS vkSj blds fy, cSad dks vius ifjpkyu dh ifjiDork okys nh?kZdkfyd _.k lkèku gSa vkSj
dk;ks± dks LFkfxr djus dh vko';drk ugÈ gksrh] bUgsa ljdkjh ckaM ;k fnukafdr çfrHkwfr;ka dgk tkrk
vkSj fV;j&2 iwath] tks dsoy ifjpkyu dk;ks± dk gSA
LFkxu djds gh iwathxr gkfu;ksa dh HkjikÃ dj ljdkjh çfrHkwfr;ka (G&sec) rFkk jktdks"k&foi=%
ldrh gS] vkSj blfy, ;g tekdrkZvksa dks fuEu
● ljdkjh çfrHkwfr;ka (G&Sec)] dsaæ ljdkj ;k jkT;
O
lqj{kk çnku djrh gSA
ljdkjksa }kjk tkjh O;kikj ;ksX; foÙkh; lkèku gSaA ;g
● fdlh cSad dh iwath i;kZIrrk vuqikr dh x.kuk] _.k ds çfr ljdkj ds nkf;Ro dks Lohdkj djrÈ
mldh iwathxr fufèk;ksa dks mldh tksf[ke&Hkkfjr gSaA
laifÙk ls foHkkftr djds dh tkrh gSA iwath i;kZIrrk
SC
vuqikr dh x.kuk ds fy, mi;ksx dh tkus okyh ● Hkfo"; fufèk;ksa dks] viuh lqjf{kr ç—fr ds dkj.k]
iwath dks nks fV;jksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA tksf[ke eqä çfrHkwfr;ksa esa fuos'k djus dh vko';drk
gksrh gS tks mUgsa ,d mfpr ykHk Hkh çnku djsa vkSj
● CAR ¾ (fV;j 1 iw¡th $ fV;j 2 iw¡th): G&Secs vR;ar lqjf{kr lkèku gSaA ljdkjh çfrHkwfr;k¡]
tksf[ke&Hkkfjr ifjlaifÙk;ka ftUgsa fxYV ,TM flD;ksfjVht ;k G&secs Hkh dgk
● fV;j&1 iwath% fV;j&1 iwath] ;k ewy iwath ls vk'k; tkrk gS] u dsoy xSj&vnk;xh ds tksf[ke ls eqä
ml iw¡th ls gSa ftlds varxZr lerk iwath] lkèkkj.k gksrh gSa] vfirq mfpr ykHk Hkh çnku djrh gSa vkSj
GS
'ks;j iwath] vewrZ ifjlaifÙk;ka rFkk ys[kkijhf{kr blfy,] Hkfo"; fufèk;ksa dks fuos'k ds lcls mi;qä
jktLo lap; lfEefyr gksrs gSaA fV;j&1 iwath dk fodYi çnku djrh gSaA
mi;ksx gkfu;ksa dk xzkl djus gsrq fd;k tkrk gS ● Hkkjr esa] dsaæ ljdkj jktdks"k&foi= rFkk ckaM ;k
vkSj blds fy, cSad dks vius ifjpkyu dk;Z LFkfxr fnukafdr çfrHkwfr;ka] nksuksa tkjh djrh gS] tcfd
djus dh vko';drk ugÈ gksrh gSA fV;j&1 iwath og jkT; ljdkjsa dsoy ckaM ;k fnukafdr çfrHkwfr;ka gh
iwath gksrh gS tks fdlh cSad ds lapkyu dk;ks± dks tkjh djrh gSa] ftUgsa jkT; fodkl _.k (SDLs)
jksds fcuk gkfu;ksa dks xzkl djus gsrq LFkk;h :i ls dgk tkrk gSA
o vklkuh ls miyCèk gksrh gSA cSad dh fV;j&1 iw¡th ● O;kogkfjd :i ls ljdkjh çfrHkwfr;ksa esa xSj&vnk;xh
dk ,d vPNk mnkgj.k bldh lkèkkj.k 'ks;j iwath dk dksÃ tksf[ke ugÈ gksrk gS vkSj blfy,] bUgsa
gSA tksf[ke&eqä fxYV&,TM lkèku dgk tkrk gSA
● fV;j&2 iwath% fV;j&2 iwath esa vys[kkijhf{kr ● ;s nh?kZdkfyd lkèku gSa tks ,d o"kZ ;k mlls vfèkd
çfrèkkfjr vk;] vys[kkijhf{kr lap; rFkk lkekU; vofèk dh ifjiDork okys gksrs gSa vkSj bUgsa ljdkjh
gkfu lap; lfEefyr gksrs gSaA ;g iwath fdlh daiuh ckaM ;k fnukafdr çfrHkwfr;ka dgk tkrk gSA
ds can gks tkus ;k ifjlekiu dh fLFkfr esa gksus okyh
gkfu;ksa dh HkjikÃ djrh gSA fV;j&2 iwath ls vk'k; ● jktdks"k&foi= (Vh&fcYl)% jktdks"k&foi= ;k
ml iwath ls gS tks cSad ds can gksus dh fLFkfr esa ?kkVs Vh&fcYl] eqæk&ckt+kj ds lkèku gSa] ;s Hkkjr ljdkj
dks de djrh gS] blfy, ;g tekdrkZvksa o ysunkjksa }kjk tkjh vYidkfyd _.k lkèku gSa vkSj orZeku esa
dks fuEu lqj{kk çnku djrh gSA ;fn dksÃ cSad viuh ;s rhu vofèk;ksa ds fy, tkjh fd, tkrs gSa] uker% 91
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 40
fnu] 182 fnu vkSj 364 fnu ds fy,A jktdks"k&foi= ● pkSFkk ?kVd% ;g f'k{k.k] çf'k{k.k vkSj dkS'ky fodkl
'kwU;&dwiu çfrHkwfr;ka gSa vkSj ;s fdlh Hkh çdkj ds ij è;ku dsafær djsxkA
C;kt dk Hkqxrku ugÈ djrh gSaA vfirq] bUgsa tkjh rks ● ;g fe'ku rduhdh oL=ksa o muds vuqç;ksx {ks=ksa ls
,d NwV ij fd;k tkrk gS ijUrq ifjiDork ij bUgsa lacafèkr mPp bathfu;Çjx rFkk çkS|ksfxdh Lrjksa ij
buds vafdr ewY; ij Hkquk;k tkrk gSA jkT; ljdkjsa rduhdh f'k{kk dks c<+kok nsxkA
jktdks"k&foi= tkjh ugÈ djrÈ gSaA
fo"k;% fofHkUu _.k lkèku rduhdh oL=
mi&fo"k;% ljdkjh çfrHkwfr;ka ● rduhdh oL=ksa ls vk'k; dk;Z ds le; ç;ksx gksus
okys oL=ksa ls gS ftudk mi;ksx v‚Vkseksckby] flfoy
95. lgh fodYi% (a) bathfu;Çjx ,oa fuekZ.k] —f"k] LokLF;&ns[kHkky]
O;k[;k% vkS|ksfxd lqj{kk] O;fäxr lqj{kk vkfn lfgr
fofHkUu m|ksxksa esa gksrk gSA
● dFku 3 xyr gS% diM+k ea=ky; ds rgr ,d fe'ku
funs'kky; dk;Zjr gksxkA ● mi;ksx ds vkèkkj ij] rduhdh oL=ksa dks 12 [kaMksa esa
foHkkftr fd;k x;k gS% ,xzksVsd] esfMVsd] fcYMVsd]
jk"Vªh; rduhdh oL= fe'ku eksfcyVsd] Dy‚FkVsd] vksdksVsd] ft;ksVsd] iSdVsd]
● vkÆFkd ekeyksa dh eaf=eaMyh; lfefr (CCEA) gkseVsd] çksVsd] baMqVsd vkSj LiksVZVsdA
RE
us 1]480 djksM+ #i;s ds dqy ifjO;; ds lkFk ,d ● mnkgj.k ds rkSj ij] ^eksfcyVsd* oL= okguksa esa
jk"Vªh; rduhdh oL= fe'ku dh LFkkiuk dks Loh—fr mi;ksx gksus okys mRiknksa dks lanÆHkr djrs gSa]
çnku dj nh gSA
tSls&lhV csYV o ,;jcSx] gokÃ tgkt dh lhVsa(
● bldk mís'; ns'k dks rduhdh oL=ksa ds {ks=d esa mlh çdkj] ft;ksVsd dks e`nk{kj.k dks jksd dj j[kus
oSfÜod vxz.kh ds :i esa LFkkfir djuk rFkk ?kjsyw gsrq mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] ;g la;ksx ls rhozrk ls
cktkj esa rduhdh oL=ksa ds mi;ksx dks c<+kuk gSA
●
O
bl fe'ku dk y{; ?kjsyw cktkj ds vkdkj dks o"kZ
c<+us okyk mi&[kaM gSA
fo"k;% oL= m|ksx
2024 rd 40 fcfy;u M‚yj ls 50 fcfy;u M‚yj mi&fo"k;% jk"Vªh; rduhdh oL= fe'ku
rd ys tkuk gSA
SC
● blds rgr diMk ea=ky; ds varxZr ,d fe'ku 96. lgh fodYi% (a)
funs'kky; dk;Zjr gksxkA
O;k[;k%
● bls o"kZ 2020&2021 ls pkj o"kks± ds fy, ykxw fd;k
tk,xk vkSj blds fuEu pkj ?kVd gksaxs& ● fodYi (a) lgh gSA
● igyk ?kVd% ;g 1]000 djksM+ #i, ds ifjO;; ds =Sekfld jkstxkj losZ{k.k (QES)
lkFk vuqlaèkku] fodkl vkSj uokpkj ij è;ku dsafær
●
GS
djsxkA dsUæh; Je ,oa jkstxkj ea=ky; ds Je C;wjks us

vf[ky Hkkjrh; =Sekfld çfr"Bku vkèkkfjr jkstxkj
● ft;ks] —f"k] fpfdRlk] [ksy&dwn o eksckby VsDlVkbYl
losZ{k.k (AQEES) ds rgr =Sekfld jkstxkj
rFkk tSo&fuEuuh rduhdh oL=ksa ds fodkl esa ;g
losZ{k.k (QES) dh fjiksVZ tkjh dhA
vuqlaèkku lw=&Lrj rFkk vuqç;ksx&vkèkkfjr] nksuksa
gksxkA ● ;g losZ{k.k 9 p;fur lsDVj ds rgr vkus okys
● vuqlaèkku xfrfofèk;ka Lons'kh e'khujh rFkk çfØ;k laxfBr o vlaxfBr nksuksa {ks=ksa esa 10 ;k mlls
midj.kksa ds fodkl ij Hkh è;ku dsafær djsaxhA vfèkd Jfedksa dks jkstxkj nsus okys çfr"Bkuksa ds fy,
jkstxkj vuqeku çnku djrk gSA
● nwljk ?kVd% ;g rduhdh oL=ksa ds fy, cktkj ds
çpkj rFkk fodkl ds fy, dk;Zjr gksxkA ● ;s 9 p;fur {ks=d gSa% fofuekZ.k] fuekZ.k] O;kikj]
● rhljk ?kVd% ;g fu;kZr çksRlkgu ij è;ku dsafær ifjogu] f'k{kk] LokLF;] vkokl vkSj jsLrjka] vkÃVh@
djsxk rkfd ns'k ls rduhdh oL=ksa ds fu;kZr dks chihvks] foÙkh; lsok,¡A
2021&2022 rd 14]000 djksM+ #i, ls c<+kdj ● tgka =Sekfld jkstxkj losZ{k.k dh fjiksVZ] ek¡x i{k
20]000 djksM+ #i, rd igq¡pk;k tk lds rFkk fe'ku dh rLohj eqgS;k djkrh gS] ogÈ jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k
dh lekfIr rd çfro"kZ 10% vkSlr o`f) lqfuf'pr vFkok vkofèkd Je cy losZ{k.k (PLFS)] Je cktkj
gks ldsA esa vkiwÆr i{k dh rLohj çLrqr djrk gSA
● rduhdh oL=ksa ds fy, ,d fu;kZr çksRlkgu ifj"kn fo"k;% Je lkaf[;dh
dh LFkkiuk dh tk,xhA mi&fo"k;% =Sekfld jkstxkj losZ{k.k
41 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19
97. lgh fodYi% (d) ● lqèkkj ds çeq[k ?kVd uhps fn, x, gSa%
O;k[;k% ♦ dkjd cktkj lqèkkj% bl lqèkkj ds varxZr
ç'kkflr ewY; ra= (APM) dk fo?kVu lfEefyr
FkkA vFkZO;oLFkk esa ,sls vusd mRikn fo|eku Fks
futhdj.k ftudh dhersa ljdkj }kjk fuèkkZfjr@fu;fer
dh tkrh FkÈ] tSls isVªksfy;e] phuh] moZjd] nok,a
● fo&jk"Vªh;dj.k ls vk'k; gS & ifjlaifÙk;ksa ij jkT;
bR;kfnA cktkj lqèkkjksa ds rgr bu mRiknksa dks
ds LokfeRo dk 'kr&çfr'kr gLrkarj.k futh {ks=d
cktkj la?k ds rgr ykuk FkkA
dks djukA ;g fo'kq) futhdj.k dk :i gSA
♦ dkuwuh {ks=d esa lqèkkj% ;|fi dkuwuh {ks=d esa
● ;fn ljdkj fdlh ifjlaifÙk ds LokfeRo dk dsoy
lqèkkj çFke ih<+h esa gh vkjaHk dj fn, x, Fks]
49 çfr'kr rd fgLlk csprh gS] rks bl laifÙk
ijUrq vc bls vkSj etcwrh çnku dh tkuh Fkh
ij LokfeRo ljdkj dk gh jgrk gS] ;|fi bls
rFkk blds rgr u, {ks=ksa dks lfEefyr fd;k
futhdj.k ekuk tkrk gSA bls vYila[;d Hkkxhnkjh
tkuk Fkk] mnkgj.kr%] vçpfyr ,oa fojksèkkHkklh
fcØh ds ekè;e ls fd;k x;k fofuos'k Hkh dgk tkrk
dkuwuksa dks lekIr djuk] Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk
gSA
(IPC) vkSj vkijkfèkd çfØ;k lafgrk (CrPC)
● ;fn jkT; ds LokfeRo okyh ifjlaifÙk ds 'ks;jksa dh esa lqèkkj] Je dkuwuksa o daiuh dkuwuksa esa lqèkkj
RE
fcØh 51 çfr'kr ds cjkcj gks tkrh gS] rks LokfeRo rFkk lkbcj dkuwu tSls u, {ks=ksa ds fy, mi;qä
okLro esa futh {ks=d dks gLrkarfjr dj fn;k tkrk dkuwuh çkoèkkuksa dks ykxw djuk bR;kfnA
gS] rc Hkh bls futhdj.k dgk tkrk gSA bls cgqer
Hkkxhnkjh fcØh ds ekè;e ls fd;k x;k fofuos'k dgk ♦ jktdks"kh; lesdu% ;|fi jktdks"kh; lesdu
tkrk gSA o"kZ 1991 ls gh Hkkjr esa lqèkkjksa dk ,d çeq[k
funsZ'kkad jgk gS] rFkkfi vc bl {ks=d dks ,d
● j.kuhfrd fofuos'k ls vk'k; gS dsaæh; lkoZtfud laoSèkkfud çfrc)rk rFkk mÙkjnkf;Ro çnku
O
{ks=d ds m|e (CPSE) esa ljdkj ds LokfeRo ds
fd;k x;k gSA FRBM vfèkfu;e dks dsaæ }
i;kZIr fgLlsnkjh dh fcØh] ;g fgLlsnkjh 50% ;k
kjk ikfjr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk fofHkUu jkT;] ns'k
blls vfèkd gks ldrh gS tSlkfd l{ke çkfèkdkjh
esa jktdks"kh; foosd ds çfr uÃ çfrc)rkvksa ds
}kjk fuèkkZfjr dh tkrh gS] bl çdkj ds fofuos'k esa
;qx ds 'kqHkkjaHk ds :i esa] jktdks"kh; mÙkjnkf;Ro
SC
LokfeRo gLrkarj.k ds lkFk&lkFk çcaèku fu;a=.k dk
vfèkfu;eksa (FRAs) dk vuqikyu djrs gSaA
gLrkarj.k Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA
fo"k;% vFkZO;oLFkk dk [kqyuk ♦ jkT;ksa dks c`gn~ djkèkku gLrkarj.k% f}rh; ih<+h
mi&fo"k;% futhdj.k ds lqèkkj vkjEHk gksus ds mijkar] jkT;ksa dks c`gn~
jktdks"kh; ykHk ds leFkZu esa dsaæh; uhfr;ksa esa
,d Li"V ifjorZu ns[kus dks feyrk gSA ;gka rd
98. lgh fodYi% (c)
fd djkèkku lqèkkjksa dh çfØ;k esa Hkh ;gh vk;ke
GS
O;k[;k% ns[kus dks feyrk gSA

● fodYi (c) lgh gS% C;kt njksa dk fofu;eu 1990 ds fo"k;% vkÆFkd lqèkkj
n'kd ds nkSjku fd;k x;k Fkk] blfy, bUgsa çFke mi&fo"k;% f}rh; ih<+h ds lqèkkj
ih<+h ds lqèkkj dgk tkrk gSA
99. lgh fodYi% (c)
f}rh; ih<+h ds lqèkkj
● ljdkj us o"kZ 2000&01 esa lqèkkjksa dh f}rh; ih<+h O;k[;k%
dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;kA ewy :i ls] Hkkjr us tks lqèkkj ● dFku 3 xyr gS% O;olk; vfèkdkfèkd fu;kZr djrs gSa]
1990 ds n'kd esa vkjEHk fd;s Fks] os ml Lrj ij vfèkd ykHk vÆtr djrs gSa] vkSj u, jkstxkjksa dk
?kfVr ugÈ gks jgs Fks] tSlkfd vis{kk dh xÃ Fkh vkSj l`tu djrs gSaA
ljdkj dks u, lqèkkjksa dh vko';drk vuqHko gqÃ]
ftls vkÆFkd lqèkkjksa dh f}rh; ih<+h ds 'kh"kZd ds eqæk ;q)
rgr vkjaHk fd;k x;kA ● eqæk ;q) vkfèkdkfjd eqæk voewY;u dh led{k
● lqèkkjksa ds nwljs lsV dks f}rh; ih<+h ds lqèkkj uked çfr'kksèk uhfr gS ftldk mís'; vU; ns'kksa dh dher
'kh"kZd çnku djus dkj.k ;g Fkk fd bu lqèkkjksa us ij çR;sd ns'k dh fons'k O;kikj çfrLièkkZ esa lqèkkj
çkjafHkd lqèkkjksa dk vuqikyu fd;k Fkk] ;s os lqèkkj Fks djuk gSA
ftUgksaus lqèkkj çfØ;k dks et+cwr cukus dh uÈo j[kh ● eqæk ;q) rc ?kfVr gksrk gS tc fdlh ns'k dk dsaæh;
FkhA cSad viuh jk"Vªh; eqæk ds ewY; dks lksp&le>dj
PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19 42
de djus ds fy, foLrkjoknh ekSfæd uhfr;ksa dk lq>kÃ o vktekÃ gqÃ çkFkfedrkvksa ds Øe esa fuEu
mi;ksx djrk gSA bl j.kuhfr dks çfrLièkÊ voewY;u :i ls fn, x, gSaA
Hkh dgk tkrk gSA ● ljdkj dh ?kkVs dh vko';drkvksa dh iwÆr djus ds
● o"kZ 2010 esa] czkthy ds foÙk ea=h xqbMks ekaVsxk us lkèku ds :i esa cká lgk;rk ,d Js"B eqæk gS] Hkys
Þeqæk ;q)Þ okD;ka'k dh jpuk dh FkhA og phu] gh ;s lkèku fuEu C;kt ds lkFk miyCèk gksaA ;fn ;s
tkiku vkSj la;qä jkT; vesfjdk ds chp çfrLièkkZ lgk;rk fcuk fdlh C;kt ds çkIr gksa] rks og ,d
dk o.kZu dj jgk Fkk] ftlesa çR;sd ns'k U;wure eqæk loksZÙke fLFkfr gksxhA
ewY; dh vfHkyk"kk djrk çrhr gksrk FkkA mlds ns'k ● cká _.k] jktdks"kh; ?kkVs dk çcaèku djus esa vxyk
dh eqæk fjd‚MZ&mPp ekSfæd ewY; ls cgqr cqjh rjg lcls vPNk rjhdk gS] c'krsZ cká _.k vis{kk—r
çHkkfor gks jgh Fkh] tks blds vkÆFkd fodkl dks lLrs o nh?kZdkfyd gksaA ;|fi] ,slk ekuk tkrk gS
gkfu igqapk jgh FkhA fd cká _.k fdlh jk"Vª dh laçHkq fu.kZ;u çfØ;k
mís'; dk {kj.k djrs gSa] rFkkfi budk viuk egRo gS vkSj
bUgsa fuEu nks dkj.kksa ls vkarfjd _.kksa ls csgrj ekuk
● lHkh ns'k] varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa vis{kk—r vfèkd ykHk tkrk gS%
çkIr djus gsrq eqæk ;q)ksa esa layXu gks tkrs gSaA
tc os viuh eqækvksa dk voewY;u djrs gSa] rc os ● cká _.k] fons'kh eqæk @ nqyZHk eqæk esa o`f) djrs
fons'kh cktkjksa esa vius fu;kZr dks de egaxk cuk gSa ftlls ljdkjh ifjO;;ksa dks vfrfjä c<+r feyrh
RE
nsrs gSaA ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i O;olk; vfèkdkfèkd gS D;ksafd bldh lgk;rk ls ljdkj ns'k ds Hkhrj o
fu;kZr djrs gSa] vfèkd ykHk vÆtr djrs gSa] vkSj ckgj viuh fodkl'khy vko';drkvksa dks iwjk dj
u, jkstxkjksa dk l`tu djrs gSaA ifj.kkeLo:i] ns'k ldrh gSA
etcwr vkÆFkd fodkl ls ykHkkfUor gksrs gSaA ● *ØkmÇMx vkmV çHkko* ds dkj.k bls vkarfjd _.kksa
● eqæk ;q) ns'k dh ifjlaifÙk;ksa esa fuos'k dks çksRlkfgr dh vis{kk ojh;rk nh tkrh gSA
O
djrs gSaA fons'kh fuos'kdksa ds fy, 'ks;j cktkj lLrk
gks tkrk gSA pw¡fd ns'k ds O;olk; vis{kk—r lLrs
● vkarfjd _.k] jktdks"kh; ?kkVs ds çcaèku ds rhljs
ilanhnk lkèku ds :i esa ns[ks tkrs gSaA ijUrq] cM+s
gks tkrs gSa] fons'kksa ls çR;{k fuos'k esa o`f) gksrh gSA iSekus ij bl lkèku dks viukuk] lkoZtkfud ,oa
fons'kh daifu;ka çk—frd lalkèkuksa dks Hkh Ø; dj d‚iksZjsV {ks=d dh fuos'k laHkkoukvksa esa ckèkk mRiUu
SC
ldrh gSaA djrk gSA vFkZO;oLFkk ds O;; iSVuZ ij bldk leku
çHkko iM+rk gSA
100. lgh fodYi% (a) ● eqæ.k eqæk] ljdkj ds fy, vius ?kkVs dk çcaèku
O;k[;k% djus dk vafre mik; gSA ijUrq bldh lcls cM+h
v{kerk ;g gS fd blds lkFk] ljdkj] fons'kh eqæk
● fodYi (a) lgh gS% lgh Øe gS% esa fd, tkus O;;ksa ij [kpZ ugÈ dj ikrhA Hkys
♦ cká lgk;rk gh ljdkj bl vksj ls larq"V Hkh gks tk;s] ijUrq
GS
♦ cká _.k u, uksVksa dh NikÃ ds dkj.k vFkZO;oLFkk ij vU;

gkfudkjd çHkko iM+rs gSa] tks bl çdkj gSa%
♦ vkrafjd _.k
● ;g eqækLQhfr dks vkuqikfrd :i ls c<+krk gSA
♦ eqæ.k eqæk
● ;g] ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa ds osru rFkk et+nwjh esa o`f)
?kkVs dk foÙkiks"k.k djus ds fy,] ljdkj ij fu;fer ncko rFkk nkf;Ro
● tc Hkh ljdkj dk O;; mlds jktLo ls vfèkd cukrk gS – ftlls ljdkjh O;;ksa esa o`f) gksrh gS
gks tkrk gS] rc ljdkj ?kkVs dh foÙk&O;oLFkk dh rFkk bldh iwÆr djus ds fy, ljdkj dks vkSj vfèkd
çfØ;k ij fopkj djrh gSA bl çdkj] fofHkUu rjhdksa eqæk dh NikÃ djuh iM+rh gS ftlls eqækLQhfr dh
ls fufèk;ksa dh vLFkk;h O;oLFkk dks ?kkVs ds foÙkiks"k.k leL;k vkSj xgjkus yxrh gS – blls ,d ,sls nq"pØ
ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA dk vkjEHk gks tkrk gS ftlesa vFkZO;oLFkk,a Lo;a dks
my>k ysrh gSaA
Hkkjr esa ?kkVs ds foÙkiks"k.k ds lkèku fo"k;% Hkkjr esa ?kkVs dk foÙkiks"k.k
● ?kkVs dh foÙkiks"k.k ds fofHkUu lkèku] muds }kjk mi&fo"k;% Hkkjr esa ?kkVs ds foÙkiks"k.k ds lkèku

43 PTS2023/CRT-01/122022/19

Binder Test-19 (Economy Revision Test) ENGLISH

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Binder Test-19 (Economy Revision Test) ENGLISH

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO

DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO

(DBFOT) e‚My esa] fj;k;r dh vofèk ds

(c) 1 and 3 only

components (b) 2 and 3 only

7. fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,% 10. fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%

mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ (d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2

(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3

and the states have 2/3rd (c) 1 and 2 only

gS fd dsaæ ds ikl 1@3 ernku dh 'kfä vkSj (c) dsoy 1 vkSj 2

(a) FII helps bring better management skills 4. Technological innovation

(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (d) None of the above

21. eqækLQhfr&lwpdkafdr caèki= vkSj iw¡th&lwpdkafdr

(c) 1 and 3 only (c) 1 and 2 only

32. Consider the following statements about (b) 2 and 3 only

(c) ;g ;kstuk bysDVª‚fud oLrqvksa ds fu;kZr

(c) 2 and 3 only 2. Tendulkar Committee - Poverty

regard to the Fiscal Consolidation in 4. Kelkar Committee - Revisiting &

40. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk ;qXe lgh lqesfyr gS\

2- 2008 ds oSfÜod foÙkh; ladV ds ckotwn

Minister on the recommendations of the into India, and investment abroad by

(b) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 only

(c) dsoy 2 vkSj 3 (b) dsoy 2

a NBFC under the RBI’s regulations

cuus okyh ,d okrkZ ifj"kn gks ldrh gSA

(b) 2 and 3 only 2. It is an Autonomous Institute under

60. What steps were taken by Indian (a) 1 only

4. Reduction in the taxes on individual 2. It measures the quality of both central

1. It is a digital trading platform that will

(d) dsoy 4 vkSj 5 vkSj foØsrkvksa dks vk;kfrr çk—frd xSl ds

below: (b) 2 only

(a) 1 only (c) 1 and 3 only

(b) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

(c) 1, 2 and 3 only

(c) Insolvency resolution of corporate

73. Consider the following statements

(c) Both 1 and 2 (a) 1 and 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (b) 1, 2 and 3 only

75. LV‚d cktkj dh lafØ;kvksa ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr

iw¡th cktkj esa fuos'kdksa rd igqapuk laHko

government by an act of legislature. 2021.

80. Consider the following statements

tkrh gSA iquÆuos'ku vfHkdj.k (PARA) ds fuekZ.k dk

Which of the above statements are correct? (a) 1 only

(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only (c) Both 1 and 2

(c) 1 and 3 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2

(d) Offer through Prospectus

dh tk,axh\ m|eksa ls ykHk

3- ;g xzkgdksa dks lqjf{kr fMftVy cSaÇdx mRiknksa

2. MSS bonds issued under this scheme are

97. With reference to the different (a) 1 only

1- ;g jkstxkj vkSj vlaxfBr {ks=d esa çfr"Bkuksa (c) C;kt nj vfofu;eu

tkudkjh çnku djrk gSA vfèkfu;e

2- ;g Je cktkj dh vkiwÆr i{k dh rLohj is'k

2- fo&jk"Vªh;dj.k jkT; ds laiwe.kZ LokfeRo dk

mEehnokj }kjk fn, x, xyr mÙkjksa ds fy, n.M fn;k tk,xkA

IAS Prelims - 2023

reserve multiplier formula of:

In India, the new HAM is a mix of BOT

international transaction or is contemplating

Explanation: A Gini Coefficient of zero means that

construction of immovable property.

Explanation: unemployed to go to work. People find the