Gromple $3: “The unk pulse sequence w defned by the, dample eluor: XWT) = eet ree V3 5c 0” no Delermine the @ {yomsfooen Xa): yas 2. yor) z" Ans: azo A -2 | ports © Eos Xe) = | Example 3:4 the wit skp sample secqnente sy olefinect by the sap le yalued xr) = 1, 9% Delermroe Ure G- Hans fac ye). iS ‘ png: X= 5 Kor) & =o we aole Haak Yo wel A w a keene tees eae @ X@- 2.6 er , letrlExomple 5: “The widk exponenliad seqvence ws dels Sample valura: defineot toy the xor)= O, 470/77" Delermine Phe Zhronsfoem Xl) ans: K@= 5 x (nv) z" Qo ae aty” Elec} noo | LAT re elie (eee a 3 Grample #6: for x(ot) = a” cos ( nr) Find ACY 2 =n ans: Xf@)= S_ xX(nt) € nz _ % des (%) 2" neo a» (nt) 2} 0 a 00d \ +\ nh cue eee won= 2Geey yoo cee late Ceomple 8: Dekeserae he zehonshin of the sional x (A) = os” U EHS Depicl the ROC and th of Xa) he ETON “a es a 2 (os) gi Re (=) Pus « locations of poles onal Goras fro: X@= =O nro iL pees ee at elds Je ose 2 ee je) eos” 19 Ne Saeed ts pofes at =O zo ak Z=0S) ROC isthe . 7° Os show in FQ Example &: Determine the ~~ lsansborin of Che sonal Arps UE -tye 050 UH Depick che ROC ceo foodions f poles one X@) tn Woe 2-plane. 5 (PET- Aso ah 4 (sf. Ue 23 (%)er fe sefe aam sirepy prance Teal ep ome= reel IE) wile face tate| A@)> —+—+I- eee l-z wie (42 hs) ) OTS lees (eo e) |evos ake 0) tS” Poles de s0871)G22 Proper Hes of Onc BL Want Roem Now, ler un tnveshigate seme o $ Une B= brantPorm pro pec hes: J Linear 4. Time - shift property 2 3. Jorhat ond Sina valure theocems . F221 Lineat bo The @= bransforma hon & % haear opesa. Won. Tq @ Yaet wot Sy 1 A ood 2% ove, conskonl Ss a -n 5 CAT & satan) = A%l a be Yale) n=0 (7) and the €- “eae oF X (z) are stew by eon ingy where Xl@) aad he This iv cari \y- Rant) ; vespeebvely. that the left hand side oF (84) be wether LA MoT) a Breon{e= A os xunt 4 & Baw t pee (Aes) i the viet - howd side of Py dehatlion , The two sums 0° ie are X\l2) ood Ke (2) 9-4.9.9 Tov biel Value nicl Finad value theorems The ww bed value theorem staler that Xo) = Jen XL) eee? dened By ae hon this esulk easily Xe Bx” = Kore 3xane"- = the)As esa, the summa hos i . ' ou a on the Mont ‘ results, e mont vanishes and (24) The Pnad velue theorem shales Ce) Lin Whi el Hhede E)xe) ---2- ay Sewred cir heres hing prooks of the fined value theorem are qpasten wo the [clereture . Example & 4) Find the tnt Had andl fin af yedues for the Following signed exprased Ae ies 6~ bans fore Fey Cae Gu 0208) (2-') (2 on Ane: InstiaS- value Fle—ve) = 9 a qvmei eae Finah- value Pinar at = ott Aa (J OMG eOr20¥) Baas Time shift es TP Kode eentudis ROSE the Zl X(@) wel ROCER XEn-ne} ats Prof, > Unt kr) = 5 yx (or-kT) eB het nee Han te a come He BEX (oT KT) = & i % ©zk Xe ) onph sey) ol 2) 4 Cav} a ZL xtor-k J : Ba he Pallosieay Example #10 2 ult) ~ GEA yoy = (sy Find the ae eanstoom xe) Ans: X@)= FZ xtev) Zz pee a as eae enc seve e-Ve gs Lnvetse 2 yranstoon | “The cavers operation Por the Er geanstorm 9 be accomplished bY: 1. Lon livisien 4. Pac ied Frac io expans® Example gl in ge envesse 27 rans" using) bolls pas ad Wacko ex Qanson ound 10°F vision Ke) fa (2-VE° ay fas: xf we peaks 3 che vorede expansions SE cam wore x= ens Gl ByG-0") cyAz t= 2!) X@) = Be ()-0.2 FX) = - xie) = eS an 92S ’ Jeong! lee = Kays (pase oas(oa”) wony Fron which we ma, Dal hak KOEI X(T) = 12, KCaT)e bay KAT) = NOUS. The same meswA com ba be obtained if we use long duiision where © x XQ) = [+12 Fp han Sy LQMw Ee ® wkion (eee Dae stow =e cy Pac He Pollowangy X(e), ‘The seb ol He nveise jrans Por Frample giz: Fin vo here, Zz ’ a yer? [ gee where X(€) = => yinry 2 xeoT) = as -0. 28 Gay 7 ane @BH Different & Equations and Discrete. ee. Yone Sy ystems B41 propec Hes of swslans: Ia ea >| hen) _ gana Cx) 1. ahife-Tovartoat System: A soplem is Bxed or Fme covertont reladoodinp dloes pot Change gk Hee + R putt mds yy (nT-eT) bor amg file value of No: 2. Caused) and’ no os: 9 Ssiem pogskm ‘ cused Ps aun espa” does ts vespons © the wap i for noneea RUKONS + eR EKOV] = A 4 (nT) + dy a (nt) Finally), the drowns fer Punckon oR a oliscrele Hime LTT syshem CS he = bemsPorm oF the systow!s empulic response 2 The proo co text who Phe convolution Preotem wv wed E book J. where n gent) = 3 WT) XT KT) kro = Bx Get WOT-HT) Keo Frample #13: for Une Pttowiagy LTT deren ied Bquallioe Weds yee) PA Find the Hroasher fonclé of ok yto-}) = xtw ayje2 [xoal] aon hon: (ox) Ulny @Example, 3:15 If xir)= a u(n) and htnr) = (4) un) Fad yt) = XCar) # br) “— ” a ne™ Ros: yom= 2. (x) wom) (+) ao new n et eee = up 2 (8 neo by use) Pc aly wd 3 x hoa ’ n zo 4. Stable Systems (B18) 0 stable ip hime sysiem RIB A dine cliserete- lumnj lynntem 2 lbor-Kn| kato 2 ee) [hon | nea r 3. Thus Che syphem oubpat” is hounded « 5 \hon] <2 be Fer causa) system wis equivalent bb the requoement’ tha the syle Poles be insicle dhe anit crete H Ne e-plane + Example #16: For Che system defined by hoor)= Tu (ky 3 (4) woes cheek the shabilihy o} Che system. Ana a ay I fA tw ZX phen] > 24 (s)-2 (9) new nro This yelds 2 lho | : ead oI 2< 0 > BI8O (A Fheacky State Response of a Lncor Discebe. Time syslem. xen ) Limeacs (xe a | liserete- Ke mS roat +e) Forni ( ° aaa Syshem e tne follog sper (nT- 2 \ Example gir For woot) _ xt) + % ni shearer Grequen’g Zz [xor*ti) eesponse calculate ans: * rye) = 4 V2) ‘Ss ytey > [It fron eye IE, Z| x) He) = Ea * een -j QW T H (ay ae sep MT, 307 pe so T ne cos(WT ) e ©.pole Prot? . yer since H(@ ) # periodic cn opows Jy nocwalire the Sampling freq meng the Reeqpuont'y vadakle iE v ofken acluentee idl oipeck the ee Faqueeg Defining the Pnqueny yao a : - ee : : ,_.& 2 = allows wT b loc ve placed oy we v eT F ane oa ua bers of pars tek =p The shea) ade al PrecjuenQ opin » Sone ul (m= a cos (tr) ¢ aa (to) phose response “TW @Grample 5:18: Plot the amplilncle and phare ¥C4 POMSE Hhok produces ax opt equ be net dled ed log K Sample pertodls, ohere Hes 2 Ans: the anusoidal okeacly- slate freq neneg vesponse oo, adired Freq nen’ ques PA in lerms of norm Ayan ae ca) Discrele - Hwe delay syslem He | refs sysiem th) frmpli bude mespease of delay = Linten) ce) phase Tespomse of delay System=o and fsas Pi rs GHD | Frequeng Response ak f As can be seem fram the previous ceokions the expressio® Poe Ch Per cvel olisorele - hme oyskem of oligptet fi Iker ade Tt we ea%Qy however to delerrs ce Frequency yespoose of & ts oflen rather compe 208 $e rf we Qs recog te yor tyat Fre ond F Haak i sane 0 iL | = esell e $20 awok SaskT Saft ot ) 2 Pt Ban feosss Thus, the de Pepons® oy WIE) cma the veaponse at one- hal P Ehe samprors, Rey 00%) HEE Example elt Qunside the disewhe= me 2yre™ aeRoed bg the aatfeventiod equals (ot-2T) yo) e os ylat-1) 4038 Wy os yntT) at spooilse feequencg Fiad Ane fe eueng response 4 es xWT) + Ans: i a e( Yla - 0 Ye) @ 40138 ya) @ = yz) ro°8 Xt gee ee ie : Fyo88 ze xe) J-0the ole response \s Haye le oe agile rt cee e140 [-o0-+ 0 oe f and. the response at feasts Hey = Comal eee Jyo 540138Chapler 4: Pnebisis aud Design of Digtal Filkes G.). Shrachue oF Digjted Process ‘Direct - Foren Renbizabion we. determined the genetoD Porm of the Tn the previows oaghers Sinech « daserebe. - hee Syste Purse fransPer Runckion ofa where , cai ae H@ = YW =. Ke) * 4 aki t aa pues t 6 Cir SK? JY) = [ eae J xe) vA 28 in ¢ at Year+ FEO P= ZLE IH yey eo wa this eapalion com be realized by the shucture sho Hy(@) Amenaunie: Ytey x@) Pi Feit bs aS a RS) + Direct Poon \ realstelton Fg)This shuckace is calleol Ditech Form | reabveation . 42 Filtecing and Algor thin oe attenua ling ot Digytal Biibers ae used i aude Systems ot specthe Freq wen citd. of & sound wave boooshing the enereyy contend | The mest common Filtes Dens ave Wag h- Pass Low 233, band pass ara noboh. png of these Vlters can be ciuplementea! cn tino worry. These are wae fnite cmpulse response (FIR) anal the ufnite , unpulye response Piller (ZTE)1 omel butlotiag blecks te more comnplraadech Bilkering Pacomelvic eouaskirer anh eyrapic equahiters: 2] Faite Tmpulre Response (FIL) Pier | | . they ave offen wreck a alg oa toms ke | the FIR fillers outpd is cleterminect by the. sun of the current | anol past opal, each of whiok » Rest muliplieck by a Riker | oelficrent The FIR sammatn equadson , shown & Fig 2, in aso known as “convolu kon,” one of the most enipoctant operalvons i an sipped PROS Ty his spter, x G2 the capwh vector, 9 Che onbpd vector janct W holds the filler coefficients. ee ®— yiIn] dele | Prd | ao Fryoe FIR Fillers vords hoa xeG42 Infinite Impulse Response (Eze) Filler take the FEL, whose output dlepenals only 00 unpul , the TER Piller reakies on both enpuds and past outpals. The baste caution for an TIR Filler vo « dabference equallion , ag Shown i RAS because of Che cuntenk outgla depenclene on past outpula 522 fillers are often cePeved to on “recursive Filters” Xb ca he ; oi @® acetal ML Pe] Nes =a, eA Pax) kK! see ~ay Fug i 33R Fiber, Sor. § cr L BP AeoeT + (he xen}Summary 469 Summary “This chaptor basially com the pulse transfer function, specification’ Th four ina “ai paella “The design or syn meets some time-domain oF freque digital filters are based on atime based on a frequency-domain speci (UR) digital fers. ascent cial “he Haite-durasion Iypolse xeapese= (EIR) digital filter 6 ‘based on: frejueniey-response spec! sone EI plated by king the Fourier ansform OF the dead Jementation of digital signal processors from processors f9 meet some performance ‘ect Form 1, Direct Form Ti, easeade sidered (wo topics: the imph "H(@), and te design of digital sign injpleimentations considered were Dit development of digital signal provessor that ey-doroain specification, The impuse-invadan and step-neanact rile te bilinear z-transform digital filter is jomain specification, wl eatin Al of these filters ace infinte-duration impulse response thesis problem usually involves the sh TOR aad PIR digital Hers. ‘ie iain daaniages OF ARH: iy very eat api eg tCad “auanlog te thcry will sully havea good fel eval Ie ha the harawaie eaves LST and ViST techniques, haidsvase:consic- “The nit idvantages SEEHR digica filters are the fOllOWINB: oe ed ht ve pete indar ike ete hase distortion eliminated sree poles apd ae exefore always SABIE ine main topic covered in the 5, pives the. ng eights, pera very simple and efficent ‘tool for determining the fi X filters can be designed 1, Fageitgr ean be dest 4, Sines FIR Miers have oo feels they sd in the synthesis procedure, digital esis analog protoyne is, analog equivalent filter 4, Siem “that ae no iain gvantages of the syst teck- mig ace aorainadantnges hare oes THe igus tgs in hs ehapter are these eneeessary to de- ated ith‘an analog Fite fuaiclions his Hist i pestenicas: x iecayntesistesinigns deus in thi ships ate yal Gavia Tage mae ffir weighs may a ie digital filter is to have an ‘extreme! We hesessacy The eu yl dil +, The selection of an appropriate window tahould be clear that ie designer ofa digit ter often has many eons Frepte ecnige for an application reques a good undersancing of digital filler hiements ofthe specific application of ines. filter with large group delay. sition may be dficlt available. Choosing the 22° lueory and the =