@tearning outcomes theendotisleson you sdb alt sae is nda he eet fos of aba integration, ‘omen deen mei onthe processes of slate 2 eptnihemanicteteenealandglbl ctu production ng 4. etn nsertemeticononpon 20 the wold snd becoming oe om ig more wi the conservative Chistian Church thepne Seed Silay, ‘om leslie South Ameria to Keres eo Hehe moves Meda and Globotzavon | 73 even aperP wascanpteda ten hang ngram Se? People who travel the globe teaching and preaching their beliefs in universities, churches, public forums, classrooms, or even as guests ofa family play a major roe in the spread of culture and ideas. But today, television programs, social media groups, books, movies, magazines, and the like have made it easier for advocates to reach larger audiences. Globalization relies on media as its main conduit for the spread of global culture and ideas. Jack Lule was then right to ask, “Could global trade have evolved without a flow ‘of information on markets, prices, commodities, and more? Could ‘empires have stretched across the world without communication throughout their borders? Could religion, music, poetry, film, fiction, cuisine, and fashion develop as they have without the Imermingling of media and culturest™® ‘There is an intimate relationship between globalization and media which must be unraveled to further understand the ‘contemporary world. Media and Its Functions Lule describes media as “a means of conveying something, such as a channel of communication." Technically speaking, «However, when as wice ia mein — gest pe pra medi they mean the in ng Print media include books, ma MBit tn, ssc nat eile Hn me weil mela cove eternal and’ mob’ Fa bathe cer finer med cea inet sites sil medi and internet-based a? and audio. Wie ‘Whietisrentvely easy to define the term “media,” ig Aialtn determine what media do and how they affect soc Media theort Marshall MeLuhan once declared that an nthe ene” Hedi notmean that ideas espn tre ils and do aot afet people Rather, his statement wa tempo dow ateton to how media, 2 form of technologe reiape scies Thus, television is not a sit simple bearer Se pei il wh ay bri Sac va inode inthe 1960, elev Ue pce om dag wher hey ea cates i ig table where they eat and tl sto acheter othe ving room whe nth fod while watching pu ferrhey as "Primetime shows. Television bis sy from other meaningful rg eee thr meting atts such mek ei sks Ty the smart phone allow fine Conder theca th lil peopl tthe same Tecton et bnent on elton, Pre tobe apcd ot te to kep constant ‘other does all the time. The ‘makes for this socal techoology media) ae Pt e menage, edn and Globataair | 75 etry 8, wich nein ett ht are pole old cee te sve, A zest, aryl longs ao wa plone menor. This devon cording yo osphers tthe tine, dled the people aac 1 semerbet “omething similar can be said about cellphones. Om the soe nn they epand people sens becouse they provide one bat to tak ‘0 more peopl instantaneously and she opus. On the oer had they alo Limi he Snes simpy ake wer easly datactble and mote prone {© boca Lng Ts not necessary «bad thing 18 merely Spang witha trade-off “the question of what new media enhance and what chy amputees not moral or ton, acorn o McLuhan aa are nether inherently good nor bad. The famous New ri merely drawing attention tothe historically and wr pcopially specif tributes of various medi The Global Village and Cultural Imperialism MeLuhan used his analysis of technology to examine the impact of eecronic media, Since he wat writing around 1 sane mainly analyzed the social changes brought about by creion- MeLuhan declared that television was turning the world into a “global village” By this, he meant that a# more and more prope sat down in font oftheir television sets ad listened 10 ar ram stories, their perception of the world would contract. If ‘satin front of fires toisten to colective stories, the members ofthe nev global village would stn front of bright bores in theiriving rooms. tn the years after McLuhan, media scholars further grappled with the challenges ofa global media culture. A lt of these early thinkers assumed that global media had a tendency to homogenize culture. They argued that as global media spread, people from allse a ea tues orlaton Tocalzng the Material etal bation mre enasthe Sead oa We, rn xls te preven of regional uty jonaation of cute Was boon Fano tees Fam 20010 02 KS-CN ed Panga string eh Roses and Risin Heme. The show op tec stn Sngppote and NALS, ands Sas Decay Fovazhod names n 2013, Carbodian TV evn BUICASed the thts peels nn veson ofthe shor: Unt now Fig telnoes he Be Care with My Heat id 2ucerces aco Soutest Asa cover the word woud begin to watch, ten to andrea the same thing Ths thinking arora tine when Americ’ power had turned it it the wor’ cultural beavyweght. Commentators, there, balled tht media lbaliation coupled with American hegemony woud cet form of elturlimperaion ‘ety Amen ress ce wool verve al eo dic eer Sail ege that ely asthe word being Americanized bt that his proces Wiese ohnetot cpt wl keener Si et on api snp ‘epheio or "Weser catraipel’ ance i roma emogaita, Wetted cosimerate’™ Thee choars who der cau opr el since tte oad dct tht rine media ene, Nason i fous on Americ as ed hem to nee ether ged ne finforeation ta the meds can ede Tae one inpecatis theory fas there, ben ape eee ee lect 0 significant, 4m | es and Gotta 77 critiques of Cultural Imperialism ents ofthe Hea of eu ineriun ior the att ein EE ts made ypc ey ft consid bY slices In the 80, mdi schol ‘Egan to py stent the way in which uence undestnd gh nterpreted media messages, The fel of audience suis se es that mel comme ache prepa te cea pot ho view me ea me ng Next” simply tle to the content of any medium) sae pt ow cata nes Io 185, noes ak a id te ein ih fea wee esberlands experienced watching the American sop opers Neh ters om 4 ewer, he psn ted aol aulence-vieving expec, Raker than sy aoa american care In pss and rgd a) ee yt ewes pls tf ens sry it te oe nd hy xen plrebedonow Beem emt with them" rye, Ea Katz and Tamar Lies dciedo push Ang ana i fre by xariiagho viewers from dint cleat ana tc inerpetd Dalles, They agucd tha es See ey wed imeem sr eent meanings and leases om thes txts Shey te era becom 8 To Peaandng he show. ans es spf he aor aes beving not oly tat was primar 2k so ca tatitconained American popaands Amin Aetna that te sow, thgh st in AMET Wat rma about the ies ofthe ih a vhalenge of audcace sods, the cle a ay eed en sre pation proces. Asan clef aide rough te abiatn of ei Ky ote Ma Bess ey put of al populace on pop) and Koran Apart fom 1 Imperialism thesis regional tends in the ek crampl, has proliferated w media, Japanese brands—f to Pokémon —are now an in ‘The same can be sald for KoreanSi ing telenovela, which are widely eotey ep ipncniet arom cn Given these pate, 6m longest t0 insist that sitaliaion i+ oidreloal pce of foreign clues Sverclming ll ones Globo sted in Lesion wil resin am seven procs, adil pode negaliter Neverthe, ee om fi anism selene This © nota onzdion tt met ¢ tate he ‘Phenomenon's complexity. ae Social Media and the Creation | of Cyber Ghettoes Dr ns ee mae en cag ary hope, al edn lp ed ney a itl te ner culture and ideas an move indifferent drs paien of enn pwelsnd main ae Warn by » hand of powerfal Western corporate ul contrlled rtculal the social mdi, ecallenging pry internet, ‘media and globalization. "ous ideas about a= = “2 pve that the word is estonia 9 hall new medi social media vas On he one hand hc erated ce geraed A Anyone wi animern eee wr gone can we Fceook nd Terr fe at ss pled ues to be consumers ad rds ee neous The democrat pote a icin 201 dig the wav of wring kanes ok sat tht acest traitor! eet seta ae ‘Sriyns opposing authoritarian regimes in Taina, Epps sg sa Titer ooranze and to dems ee ‘hei efforts toppled ther respective government. More neeny Tel mens march galas nev insaled US Pee So se pepta wih «tweet fra «Hava ler en oe ee re foal moremen ‘Pema pei haber vee ees However, social medi aloha ther ark side. Inthe ety 2000s, commentators began refering to the emergence of 2 “splneret™ and the phenomenon of"erbelkaniaton” orl t the varios bubbles people place themselves in when they re saline In the United Stats, voters ofthe Democrat: Party sy ‘ead liberal websites, and voters ofthe Republican Part ley ‘ead conservative websites. This segmentation, ots nati the journal Science, has been exacerbate by the mature fc edi feds, which leads wert red ates memes. an vieos shared by like-minded friends" As such beng on Feebonk on "semble lving nan echo chamber, which enforces one x980 Va of en cates of ebaaat sons. This echo chamber precludes users 5 ting pions and information that hay ‘making them more partisan and cot beliefs and opi Istening too eading the viewpoints ts ae by peopl ‘This senenaton bas een ted By PeOPe I POWET Wh py aa hart medi bubbles can produce a herd mentagy. rao be eapoted by politicians with Iss than demoerag intertons ad demagogus wating © whip Up popular anger. Thy ‘aoe inerpensivens tha allows scl media tobe a democrat foe kewse makes ita cheap tol of government propaganda Rossin dato Voimir Put as ied armies of socal media “alls (uid uses wh ara pital opponents) to manipulate public opinion trough intimidation and the spreading of fake ews Mot eel, American intelligence agencies established that Puta used tl and elise misinformation to help Donal “Trump win the pesency—atactictheRosan autocrat is ikely to repeatn European lectins seks inence™ In places scros the wo, Pain initators replicate his sate feline ring nd dsivrmaton to clampdown on Assent and dlepinze ite media, Cotes ofthe increasingly ictal egimeof Turkish Present Recep TayipExdofan sre Included threats of sexual vclenc against women" As the reagent ex ona med ste hy han eo 8 ead ‘newspapers, Facebook doesnot havea team of cancer oe tained wo sit rough and fiter nr gS MRO ate even a fake one, gets a lot of shares, it will reach ma eee ‘Facebook accounts. ner eople with ls dt acid a mn tg ope and densely bene gy undemocrate means, Global online propapods wl ME ‘threat to face as the globalization of media de biggest ‘have made the world so interconnected that a Russian, = example infec. = {or example alence American elton onthe cha can, sii Weed Gain |g) consumers of media, users mst 1 singuish ft rom alschodin a gy ‘Slows politicians to peddle what Pres that rg now cal “alternative facts” Though eo ‘of mainstream media and traditional based on vested intrest, we mus more credible than thers. en by & professional journalist and eet Maye eae ny aad by someone in hsfher bedroom, even ifboth nl he rr biases. People mustbe able to tl the difeene in Vigilant and ed nde den Tran senor People must remain journals that may also insist that some ReWSPOPE Story thats bo 1109 soarces are Conclusion ‘pis nan showed it fr da ke de on lblizaton roctes. At one pos teed tht gt ta ton wat cresting «bal meaner Now Hace Tl tat vocal media wleplinter cates and esi als apie who do ot neat Soc an neve beep, pepe for the rapid changes inthe sptems of communion Fexy technological change, at al eats lie nindd trorgence, Consumers and ses of eda vl he «hd tne tuning back the clock, Though peopl may nial tpt keep ou of Facebok or Titer, fr empl heme wl contin to engender soc cage, Ine of Fig thse changes entering te of mor pani eh es clcvely discover way of dig wih hen respons nd hil.9 form proepsef thet kare He) In yur group report a a sevcarecn scent ret uineeun? am easnganerncen ie rd oman Learning Activity: thean Music and Globalization ive members. Pick an Asian musical TF gg tht became interationally famous (Ps, Utada answer the following — ‘Where di the masini originate? tn wich osties i the artist become famous? Hw i the aris become famous ‘Wty do you think the ais became Famous? ‘The Global City © tenining outcomes anaiyenow ———— tt you had the chance, would you men 9 SS York? To low sbout Sydney? Chances ae any of 192% i like wo move Hoe major cies. And i ot, You Wout probably ake 12 8 tothe ay Some of you might have ares traveled to these te aruris or temporary resets OF ATS 1 pave heat Cit tthe. You may have eles Sg SS ho have sci 2 azn metropolis wit ret ok NTSOTS and cet Hees tat zigzag on top ofeach othe tai nt at thee cies ok ik usd om wi 38 seca in movies or TV: Do you [New York was destroyed in (Qron Man, Thor, Captain Amets [Not all people have been to global it them. Ther influence extends even to.00¢3 ASIN! Replaces Why ave they important Am bow ae YT toyou? veronfrontation between the ANE ve the Hulk tc) a aieas? evantten a“ aneseiascosonn Why study Globo C aso goblin 0 rev Pron shaped sari mone eRe sire ae eet Wy son pees gbinton tl Ty ‘een mento ae non pal bec tot 9 spaces. athe reg vestments and capital moye eee iy and when companies bud ksrapes. People vi hoa nance a pies vorkng had an ethic nis and beter tomes, Asal these events happen, more poor people are driven, oe a wy bt ne events Sed, bliin spl beause ws makes i more sce etic bned in pecs Low Angele, the bore of Tatjana ae made fr ll consmptin Thee hereof ey i In Toyo, ad fom thee, Th company contin he fa of ts vereas eto podrs uch see wl ther wr cis a en Eaton nd otlaaton ais on ie Theyre th erat elas te meins of dato, st sh tere enables {alse tos tod ce Inthe yen to come, moe and more people wl experienc es isn 5h epee we inet ste y 20 hat meine 4 pect. Ad by 20, epee ork 66 pet Th lesen ‘ia bin ho the ignvonnet of apy increasing namber of peopl. : ies? so fa ch ofthe Pecado pefining the Global City seepon peas aera _ ipa ce imarily economic. In her work, she initially identifi tine re toda a ee fe a tusk pion” ep tefance, ofthe worl! top stock exchanges where inst boy a ae caren ee meen Soak Stock Exchange (NYSE), London bathe Finacial Ti a ierieate re Tae Sacco a le iN sme alee eeanee ooh ed i eee oo en i ltl aye ‘ello Sk Exhnge mpm coxemtiel apt Limiting the discussion of global cities to thse three rmetropoises, however, is proving more and mor restrictive. The ‘hobal economy has changed significantly snce Sassen wrote ‘er Book, and any account ofthe economic power of ces today tmust take note of the latest developments. Recent commenttrs fave expanded the criteria that Sassen used to determine what constitts a global city. Though it isnt as wealthy as New Yor ‘oviesmaking mecca Los Angeles can now il the Bg APPS atu influence, San Fancico must no factor in tanceuation | af ens es a sts the home ofthe 08 Powerful ity, al ty Dee “witer, and Googe Finally, the groyes amp as red it ke SDDEB, Bing ofthe Chaco centre of trade and finance. The Chingy nd Gun eed the Sangh Stock Exchang in ate 1559 orl ioe soe ee teenie pecan rycetan ier ea me Feunupenorr renee increas Indicators for Globality So what ar the mule atte ofthe global city? The fereos characteristic economic power, Sassen remain cee! ‘nseyingthat economic powers determines whichis te ba NewYork may hve the largest stock mart inthe wold ‘at Toyo boues the most number of eorprat headguatets cate, an ‘a8 against 217 in New York, its Comet Shanghal may kav a smaller stock market ‘mpc New Yorkand Toyo, but ply eral ae inthe seba oomic supply chain ever since China has become the enter SEA cr fe wr Shh arta te mig oe ilo contines units it Menace eanomic opportu in global cy at rom Ar the wal Sethe ge aosrammers and engines fom Ay Francisco Bay Area to become sone of hee Valleys technology boom. London tema for many Filipinos with naring degrees ket ateactve to Many of the Moved tthe Sn figures in Silicon ia prefered destination ag lumipipetn tia se ga a eet a eran met fee tic a ec ea cae nar tt ht a Soy stot hom oof ml ert sree te att ct eee ee eee pcre peppery ee Cee osteo ee oa io ae ne ee Siete cone Sar Ste lcaton Laat curoesef ba irre eg hg ; atone i seen through the influence 2 ys inlets nen ee ht people ene ‘pulsing dust Hae London, aris. The New ye lid in places ike New Yo ov hi ae pot ust across America but sieecor as raat, store the wrt Oneal ae Harvard Univer Boson is because they want 10 8 tle revs top university. any Aan enagers F€ OVINg to iy Je Australia Benue ofthe leading English-language univers oncenly Auta thir gest export, jg thee Education scum ‘behind col ad ron or, and sigan ead of tourism, 1g Dots the auslan government reported that made as much ay 182bilonAustln dallas roughly 14 blon US dollar) rom cscaton lone We have aed explained why Las Angeles, the center of the American mindy, may Be considered a global city. A less brows example, howeser, ie Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark isso sal ht one can tor the entice city by bye inthiny minutes ts ot the home ofa major stock market, nd its popaation i rater homogenous. However, Copenhagen i ‘ow considered oe ofthe ular cpt ofthe word witht {ep restaurants incmmensrate with is sie As the Birthplace of “Now Noa” csne, Copenhagen bat se nto motion various canary tends ie foraging the forests for local ingredients Simi Mancss, agod i the 19808 was a dea {edu cy. Bat many prominent post-punk and New Were ‘end oy Dino, the Smiths, the Happy Mondays hailed ‘om thi chy, making it lal household name, In Southeast Simp ai) is slowly becoming a cultural hub fo the Eee ow oases some ofthe eins top television stations epee ction, MTV Southeast Asa and Channel News i) ts wasoa at galeries and r fom aa a lis ad cna a sw pintgt and Than a ee rom the Philippine ‘Flin immanent ache oT Singapore than itis in Manila! Finally, global cit Meese | ap sropoe nh eg ans soaytsne Ik isthe eltral power of global cies that tis them the imagination. Think about how many songs have bees wees about New York (Jay Z and Alicia Keys “Empite Sat of Mind Frank Sinatra's “New York, New Yor” and numerous sons by Simon and Garfunkel and how these rene conjure up ges ofa place where anything is possible—s concrete jungle where dreams are made of" according to Alisa Kes ‘Today, global cites become cultural diverse. Ina global, ene can ry cuisines from diferent part ofthe wold ecse of ther lage Turkish populations, for example, Brin and Tokyo offer some of the best Turkish food ne can ind ouside of Tukey. Manila isnot ver global because ofthe death ffoegn ests despite the masive domestic migration but Singapore i, becaase ‘thas foreign population of 35%!" The Challenges of Global Cities Global cities conjure up images of fast-paced, ‘cing, cosmopolitan lifestyles. But such descriptions ‘He lacking, Global cities also have their_endesides, They can be sites of great inequality and poverty 2s wel 4 ‘tremendous violence. ike the broader processes of lobalization, global cles create winnes and. lotsap Lana bon ton, we list some “pathologies” ofthe global iy, Ina echo the Chicago Council on Global Afairs osha ote ca can be sustainable becuse ofthe density. AS Rik ron er" ae and tab conentig Feta in smaller aes, ces and metros decrease Kune teehee aba ee Patterns "avings apartment buildings, fr example, ae rer err act “Moreover in cies with extensive public transportation system, peop tendo dives and thereby ext arDon emissions. tine, Sapte lear tht gly beaue ofthe ity’ extensive ray system, New Yorkers have the lowest per capita carbon footprint ig, the United Stes n sta, dnse bl ces lik Singapore a “Tokyo aso have relatively low per capita carbon footprints. Not all ties, however, ae as dense as New York of Tolga, Same ces ie Lor Angeles ae urban sprawls, with mae freeway that foc esdents to spend money on as an ga And whl is ke Manis Bangkok and Mumbal are dense ther Jack of pb tansportaton snd thir governments Inability to replete ca industries have made them extremay poled. More importnty because fhe her ize of ct populations scr the worl it snot surpising that urban areas conse otf the wr’ eng. Cites ely cover? pect of te ols landnas bt hey consume 8 pecent of lbs energy Tre, exboneaisons mt be et to reve eel ‘aiming ths manve energy consumption in ees mast be asbed. This action wil requir alot of creativity, For example, ‘many fod products travel ma vilbegn tobe greener ities. Cit tergets for torts dU tthe high pops sent dba tat maa snrbutes that make them atractiveto waren set sof pte ion . Spee wal wb noel nn th eth vn win oer nn ‘New York and the November 2015 coordinated attacsia en ‘Shaolin Sect agen oP “Sistema Dal Tony fo States, security experts believe that properties around the weld thc hi ue may ees es ed Sony Town compe apes ase oe ‘The Global City and the Poor ‘We have consistently noted that economic loblization has paved the way for massive inequality. This phenomenon i ths ‘ery pronounced in cities Some large cits, particu thse in ‘Scandinavia, have found ways to mitigate nequalty through ste led social redistribution programs. Yet many cts, partly those in the developing counties, ae sts of contradiction. In places like Mumbai, Jakarta, and Manila, itis common to find {Beaming buildings alongside massive shanytowns This aty may even be seen inch, urban ces.7 Lavon odes: Cultures of bation sameeren EO eg oo ie hts dim serrate Sih ese Ty tm om en Meee Re eacay nrc ere apis an eres ete ne fy ca ee ence ig ep weet rela yet sc apc oetg ecw ee tei oon tye wee aae peu re nd bt are pechant Pastis Sica aaa Tem enol ci he ie ch a won a it as prone ht eet spans crleenan rage SSSI tint ef ec on see tats eg me wtp nec ie raya at ase shits Sire geil “So en ay ar eg ed ‘may that bea paradise for some, bat purgatory for others. ‘Metal cay | 9g Conclusion chal tis nh ene ent tation, They ar href mera ee romenon- Though then wesc theese ada ees thet cele tng eos oles Fins tht generate emendn wel ho wi eh gr ni Ho vena he guetion of how pico ea Sor jis parti guesion fhow pope male cee st @cuide avestions 1. Inwhtseee se es med of ebon 2 Whyecenoicpowethe rst cl eile tlc? Ws there alto nay ng cedston 44 Tavera cates bl : SB Learning Activity Tracking the Metropolis oye Se Ss ie Sic. Then an cee en dio mo core Se po eae emer mane, sh ari omee irs SS ee Teledeersoete ee pies create ee bre er e Oe ar Ts me acs Sie, saat pre Movement and Sustainability ‘his final unit wil cue the veins impact of globalization on human popsations and the environment. At te coe ill go buck to one ofthe basi questions ofthe soit Selene: How do people interact with their surroundings? These interactions, a¢ yoo will see, ate increasingly being moied by the globalitaton proceses dicused inthe previous ssons “The mjor learning outcome ofthis unit 4s to explain the inercomections among population, migetion, and cvionmentsl ustainabilty.tearing ovteomer “eveendet ses youstube tet 1 ics the eoreip beweenpopuatin ad econo wei, 2. dere heefectageg nd oepepuonand 4 tet beer canes posons on repete heh When couples are asked why they have children, thee answer are lost always bout thee feling. For most having 2 child i the symbol ofa sucesfl union. It also ensues that ‘the fully will have a successor generation that will continue its ‘name. Te kinship is preserved, andthe family’ story continues Ae, however, worry how much sala child can bring to the hhoushold as helhe “competes for the parent attention and, In reverse, how much energy the family needs to shower its lve to an addtional member. Viewed from above, however, having ‘or not having children is mainly driven by economics. Behind the Iughter or the tears les the guetion: Wil the child be ‘economic asset or 2 burden tothe ftily? ural communities often welcome an extra hand to help in ‘op cultivation, particularly daring the planting and harvesting Seasons. The poorer districts of urban centers also tend to ave fees with mare chideen bce the success of thei “sol ily busines" depends on how many ofthe members can ‘having thee ware on the streets, Hence the more chldeem. {he bt it wil be forthe fr the Farm rth smal by the ste? comer ners, Global Demography ibanizeds educated, and pro : so somes bower ds at ona na urtne ted down oF commited iy POE. i re a ine an ar a They savings plans. They set aside sigatcane pat Septem een cee an et Seuehis bette eee ce at i ed Sea carl wt Tee ea mathe ot pny be creat mien ene ne te these Kini netock anymore bce og rae Srebewetiymoe atari ‘Siti nrc yebons agnee dratpatis nn omens eeaangeromine pind Comes one Se ceumescne ste eae fant Tht ated Nees apes oe Feces gori oom ke Bhat oasomt ene eae poniiete bis eceeeper eae 90 percent by the end of the [20th] century” ee ee ee anise oe preteen Seer eni canton ses eacee ee oe Bi'Newrng mse fone; eae 8 ee Na es pies renner ons Wie popecntogtne ee Cian pps be ps fates ae having ore ce. ees ese bot aot iether the combnaon98 | Movement and Sstabity tna oe en cis vi te dt Seca Fe ce See reas fe re 2 sec et ec ice cm ee i ee sig es og rr me St eo enn i — The “Perils” of Overpopulation Derdlopment planer se utuizton nd indstrialzton 2s indicts ofa developing saci, bat diagree on the roe of epulation growth or deine in modernization, This lengthy con Wing bike Bh chr Thomas Mal ed a is 1798 “An Esa onthe Pic of Population” that population wth wl ineiahiy east worl food spp by the mile of the 1th ema Maths prediction wa ff tase butt was revved inthe lite 1604 when American biologi eal Eich adh wi Anne wrt The Population Boh eared that onepopalation nthe 170s andthe 1980s wl TES tbl eon dsse ht wou 1 ‘ede hore ad mass sarvation They proposed tht she the United Sates take he lead inthe promotion a Copy pp 1 econmendon ang Blmh e onetime ae Mit and IOEURY 12s on chld-ested produce) eens eee (oringal men vbo would age were, ine dren 0 institon building power Dea 3nd Environment" meno pation clos © sncmspssesine? “There was some reason fr this ar to persist. Thereof lobal population increase was a its highest between 1955 and 1975 when nations wer finaly able to return to normaky afer tbe devastations wrought by World Wa The growth otros foe 18 percent pr yea from 1955 to 1975, peaking at 206 peceat snnual growth rate between 1965 and 1970!" source could be wed fr waste” tofeding nt ying he pop, coum progress and note ete ‘ore muths This argument bce thi eT “Prlaton contol” programe woe Te mHsusan 100 | overentd ¥ ay the Plies, Chios 484 Indla SOUR ayer cca ess controlled, the free ex ‘Strom the bli hat unless cont PaNSion fey mbes would let crs in e007, Which ng ‘Spent in wipend poet, mass hanger and pigs ey As eal as 195, the American policy journal ye ‘rs, bd ready advocated “contraception snd sterigg {te pactialsltions o global economic, socal, and po 2° While there have Ben criticisms tha challenge Frgumnt (ee the nex seton, it persists evento this very In ay 2003, «group of American billionaires warned of hog “hightmarsh” explosion of people was “a potentially dsasre ‘environmental social, and industrial threat” tothe work ‘This worry is kewise tthe core ofthe economist argument {forthe promation of reproductive heath, Advocates of population control contend for universal access to reproductive technologie, (uch 25 condoms the pil: abortion, and vasectomy) and, mor lmportany, giving women the right to choose whether to hae Singspore, Sud Ani, ey St tins Japan) wil actively out foign wen tlk the Pilippnes wih sn nano 22h for remittances wl continue a end these ween ee, tsinviablehat out vl he tegen ep ort commis on ape erie responses to thee Ravenets—tanpahe asa oe ‘Sonali inthe receiving countries dependent dg ‘ontzis will continue tobe presing ses, fee Inte aed pg "ertmene so at @ oxide avertons 1. Why are miata bee recourse? 2 Whatare the eres and denenscfecronsceeneton rant remitancet 2. Wiyiemigantinegatonsalengg ie ose 4. Hon do migrants prompt erophbaadacmin sing courwies118 aovmentan Sesaibity e Learning Activity: OFW Survey and ask ais 1 sureyin your neighbnood About ha ister wored abroad: List vn who the re, whee ee a a Your goa i 10 map you neighborhood and determing such of the fais hte at relat on tlie living age wong abroad fer finishing your census, do a second sn { decrine owdifeet homes ae appored by mimigng ign wore, Check he archer of the homes the our eghborsdes ther eldest Incascompare your own survey with thet of You ama and ask yours the llowing questions: 4 Whathas hanged in ou communities because of lal gration? 1 How ae pope coping wit the vist or return ofthe inmiganst ‘© What changed among the immigranloversca workers hen they went back or vised) home? Qieaming Outcomes ibecndel eon oust ney 1 date crtsandmenteton ea 2 aor ercantes wines deereson cr epeton dma one? sferviorrentldegston eg arg 3 wai the poet and pare Itecaestheeritonneres ons somes son in Metoptin Mania nus vot vey day. the momen yout coe seedy oped then espana ae th deroating sat ofthe evcnment dryer £8 th fetid sal of ncleted gg eye Set the rash bin, curious about win nsaasp a toting vgeabes, dea at anda bunches poke ‘a pls. These three “wastes” are ales nda ‘ortonmentalproblems—the wept ough toe lsd oa enFes lle; the rat ether buried or burned (to also get idothe lice that ‘might jump into the hair ofthe children playing nearby) ‘andthe plastics washed and, recycled because, ualike the other two ‘ate itcanot decompose ouhop onthe fist bus nda it prs En d+ sae SA heen cae 2 rma Manila morning afc wher Sten upc ce eet famei) sete " wind ads the smoke coming oof is aie oui your ‘head up to the ie See ein ut, a and fepof te casand buses, aswell asthe coal plant ang see sa pu a “eat erento ge ‘Listens oo ch ober Joule in theeisa ying river an increasingly poisonous eres ci caaegerae Tat i pit dt you opi te pag gplog sand Yoo a hor te deren rou steed ppm nd pg spear seman sae gy fo fasedalirrcrtaden rutin The World's Leading Environmental Problems ‘The Conserve Energy Future website lists the following ovionmental challenges that he world faces today," 1+ The depredation caused by industrial and transportation {exins and plastic in the ground; the defling of the es and water beds by oll spills and acid rain; th dumping ofurbanwaste Eecrei Change in loa neater pte, “my snowstorms, and the spreag of att 4s een acan and land temperatures eda 2h Gerthepolarcecapsmet eae gh Heine Aooding of many lowland area acne pg Coverpoplition Gee Leong) The exhaustion ofthe wos sat resourses ae Avast dpe castor detoye ne of wast rom patito fod page : i cote ocean; and the dumping of rude wane a icity eect ase ee epee mice meee a state tedetn age ee aati ern ttt eerep ba sthpreresael yuan ear a meneenetbionnincs eres oe eae ue ‘stan spravis that continue fo expand as cy it 4 megalopolis, destroying farmlands nse te Bridlock, and making smog clovd « permanent1 omy spl ince Seen 1 Pane ting ae oid en se green Magli te en pain rae atom of fd stan Dm ofp Seen td poten Many of these problems are caused by natural change, cane eruptions release toxins in the atmosphere and deere The US Gologeal Suey ae Fier tomepere ater moar ern SECTS rns ben rng mor uate ‘Sr faoar fer de us GO) ote sng tne repo onthe Uied Sates nanan The ss COPA ns oe ned vhs oa Cured on ne 15 201 ened "hary er ofseslpag pst ralibrrrnes oe ecopepia tapout bose Caan tn Sin Vanda Vane efor een Panto od reeacd "tome ear tena Sheep oi ert ll ng ees meecouge B Man-made Pollution Humans exacerbate other natural environmental problems 4m Saudi Arabia, sandstorms combined with combustion exhaust ftom traffic and industrial waste has lead the Wold Health Organization (WHO) to declare Riyadh as one of the most Polluted cites in the world" It is this “human contribution” that has become an immediate cause of worry. Coal fames Evo ca India reported tht Greenpence fn 25, se a 8 WO gay ny iene mentrng em he gyn En cqay eters SOMETIME 89 ie ayy gl Srermore 94 Percent of Neri orn avon that the WHO warned at 3 File Gaborone, the capital of Botswana cya i hn isl py tres = Gisehfueled electric generator, and perches projected to quadruple by 2030 ‘Waste coming out of coal, copper, and gla cot nto theives and oceans is deseying tice eet Se dle of hoe which sare wi pa eet tun, prominent). The bige coppermine i Mae in Inia discharges high levels of toxic hery meals int seams, while in Chins, the tli” fom epee Shanxi Maangiao Ecological Mining Ld, podscig Lone of gld per year, “have caused polltion and fey ee Conditions in China have become yer ttl he "ty products of production proceses..are being priced muck sore rapidly than the Earth ean absorh"™ Meanie rn 4 century, coal mines in West Viegini have pape ‘cel Iden wastewater directly into the ground, whee ican leh Jno the water table and turn what had been drinkable vate ino a poisonous cocktail of chemicals” The este “or bik sneratlons and could soon render much ef thes vate drinkable: Pollution in West Attica has affected “the sorter culation system: that controls eveything from wid a (emperature to rainfall across huge swathes ofthe ron” The Asin monsoon in turn, had become the transport of polls Uno the stratosphere, and scientists are now linking ae ems ‘othe spread of pollution in Asia." Aerosol staged the cet ‘changing rainfall patterns in Asia and the Atami rad *s¢ climatic disruptions have simian cused 98 el pat ge' and siatity 120 | Movement ‘asia and Africa and accelerated the pace of Sesertfcatiog cera reas Tne gp there were ve 50.000 ek hash areata nh perkins non 0% ee te be ly ied. ih ben ee cmon A ny arid nt rural Sec Amery a voine i tig a lan pene chy tthe co of hudeds of blios Sr e Intnl Agno Reehon Cancer ard fr 23000 ng cancer dats In 2010" fo ao Math link betecn fret ies me wets The nremenoned et Vp (netoned abr ha de npn wire cancr ite as wth dng ae ang tality had bees ing in Wt le Sick, some il premature feed health care, to lve in unpollted aes, to eat healthy food Se tnthe Une States a Yale University research team siding ‘reat with high levels of pollution observed thatthe “greater the concentration of Hispanics, Asians, Afrcan-Amerians or poor Tesdents in an area, the more likely that dangerous compounds that 46% in Dethi and 5 {inction” due to sir polation In Chin, the toxicity ofthe al ‘as ralsed concerns aver food security andthe health of the ott Teinerable especially the peasant communities and those living Ei Bctory cies. In 2006, 160 acres of land in Xinmna, China Wi Is Metropolitan Manila, 37 percent (4 ail Population live In slum communities aese wi ere “ihe effets Eire 8 environmental problems el ag gute 3 tao, oo Most Pronounced. ey ECT gy or plltin and sold oan my tn to meat, and lim ij management 8 cpg seneeet MR ae Ballesteros Conds that iy qth "eepnt OPE, ceases the yas Ye ne so o0-porHivinginslums snd ence th so ‘be sam poe fe of the major ironies of uy Boas thet hc poorhan wee fa tha te spb Te mala whore Seba Hower Boaters mapa ee creed “one of the pt contin ete ri eng wi = tvsen as the mide cases and the ef ere cad steve stem ate improved oe pon mae tel The other mode of transportation that the oor cn edi ‘he motorbike (also called the two- and thee wet wl ‘According to the Centre for Science and Envonnet sb India, “wo-wheelers form a staggering 75%-80% ofthe ratte ‘most Asian cities” Motorbike bur olan gla snd “eat ‘more smoke, carbon monoxide, hydrocabot, and pice ‘atte than the gas-only four-stroke engines found in newer ‘etoreycles"™” Finally, adding to this precast Is the Proliferation of diesel-run cars. These hice aly comands lowe price because of ther darsbility and ow operting od hence affordable to the middle clase. Howere they als edese Sr times the toxic polltion asthe buses™™ “Catching Up" aia © These massive environmental problems a 0 {Sab because goverment elev tt Be STP ly evetapd thy bene d nhbited bya butt ile as161 novonenton stanly rene. A dlp sc, stg, Slr rots he orn th ina aM ble transport system, and cheap food. Food dependy s* ree et nde wih ober fod prosuces Hatt 4 “denied” agricultural ecto in which tonic technologie ot ‘Tenens ond mle copes -aseties of rice) ensure maximized productivity. ‘ ‘Me adel ef hel oder tthe Ute ag, ch nthe 0 ara cna oe wa et Shah oth wade near ha Sito eh thigh pit win eas emene ssn Toth ry dy the wo plea nl Bor ofthe wos pone 2? pecs a txt de cnn ty percent eth carbo ‘ine fom ean ad ahr veces png Amst ted hee fort anne fo col cer Aes welt methane ree by fms ad eee cra eden dae Tse cle cotuencs, howe at fr fom the sindt outs ie China ln and none whch inthe mio ene tt oscee an anes froth catch up with he We Inthe “dee denne toro the wanda tives eco ert rte pon of econo grmth and hoy ee che itu, woul “nearage neryeveronrpiog Se ed Inte and sul covet pla es Wh india ecto slaving mal hae th etal na, thet connie wll sing ht ar ens al fot ad acral ped ad mins pecs toa ity at cl eens Tete “excite” economies, however, are “eminal” scoomie Te rane whch wills sone pec, so arcs option In Nigea igs Deca! have “sed asta nd water sar plenea Fen iscaught in abind If wants -o mana reac Porth path and sat n dees ae ieee zl! orn rege Py atta ng count ty and impr iene dernier [Eicon aes it tp po sein ors ithe climate Change ee ar ee ti ag penetra er talc fem cabaraing pve pat sd nme si polltants, and other gases accumlating inthe stmt SSCL mitten mig oe ici en cen te a TARE ne eri ol Sea eee eee earn Scone ee aa oeeee sulla sgh icra pearls be ea ich ene anaes ees ee ee ae ‘due to global warming.®” ‘This changed sent es elon tere rad racine hate an Sc peed en eae ste a oe e oe mg rem a eae Eitfastracture networks, Category #0 5 vet Spec Typhoon Halyan tat hi the cesta PR\ fl 128 | Movement nd Susainbity {inet an end inte ae et tain otis aime bea ae {in the coming years." In the eastern United States, the number ets had th go Neo aa he Haran Sn gee Gls re mekig ey yr 2. tay losing 134 bilon meri fk Thee ol oon wa ony nthe Un Sanco sada tae Meno Calan sean re tothe tao apf rer a irs ha ot Seong oes a Cir ie de wpm nto bce Themeing ole le contumte enya made ce chose Since human-made climate change threaten the entire word itis possibly the greatest present riko humankind, ‘Combating Global Warming More countries are now recognising the perils of global warming, In 1997, 192 countries sigoed the Kyoto Protocl © reduce greenhouse gses, following the 1992 United Nations Earth ‘Semmit where a Framework Convention fr Climate Change W3# ‘alized The protocol set targets but left it tothe indvieal ‘aunties to determine how best they would achieve these gol ‘While some countries have made the necessary move to redact ton 1 Gb wang et eer nthe wrl~i neat Sg, bas ack the fds to implement te no Denae tt pe esd ateratoal sido pe gg Ee swat) Spank report thus concluded thatthe p= nO" 4 impact on reducing global emission, in pr : 5h a tac of he ageenan at iin ay eb set ee, used 9 cunts inDeener a ea Sf nth een ne pees oa ysis te the Kyoto hr prermined Coy mtn ae ond pve more vy feo Ca 1 col res hep ed cee [aiegeproemipenlaretier ernie ic tieepemen willbe ny mete al ul moves, tr a ig pcs th vane rents ca greene ak Gat wernlag, Te Soa, Atta, Somat epee SMteamotl ivan topside te ea, isl by plane br the po porcrnee I= Acros the Ann ES elt {rots npniaton fom 10 eommeis ph ep Issn cof ne precio ef codangred ea pects ete dog ct Sommer fing the proven ovis neo ‘by deforestation up in rivers and inconsistent release of water {from a nearby dam. Universities also puree wih ern 1 Pedcng stunt progr of cotinine University of Chicago's Energy Policy| te tee Sirk with government ofices, busines andcomnasc® {SR6 p with viable ground-level projet bt‘ oe urgently needed economic growth ond130 | Movement one Sustanabiy cml B® these local alan betwen th HE school, ay omanites are replied a the mont eve the sang becomes doubly sigitian In pan, opuation Pres fary {he government work with cl xt FOS Aude ang Political parties to get the parliament to pass" blizzard of ay, 34 passed at oncein whet became known atthe Pallitn Dig 1970. These regulation dd ot eminently, ot today pan hse ofthe ast polite is nthe wos “The imperative now is fore) se YP tht kinds coalions ons loa sea. or this pol, when govern Stl estate in fly commiting themes OER plan, And when Internati ranean stl lack the poverty Enforce antpatation polices soca conitions that bing ig lage esocaton: arden the media, local and atone ovement and cent i agence ete maybe the only ay to eve th wensxing ston. Conclusion Perhaps no lee forces peopl to think about thelr role a2 citizens of the wood than environmental degradation. Every person, regirdles of hither rae, mation, or ereed, belongs 12 the same world. When oa looks at en image ofthe earth, be! the wil aie tha, hele belongs to one world world tate Sncreasngy volo. In th ph against climate change, one ‘annot afford to simply care about hisher own backyard. The CO, emitted in one country may have severe effects onthe liste ‘of another, Therein coke bt to find global solutions to tht lbalpreiem. oem | 3) Guestions for Discussion ons yo TBE et Stamey rope theenconere? pr youdeie unable dewapmer) Frye ear enone berms Eee hese rote tN ® sswning activity: pewting Everyday Polltion ‘Go around your neighborhood and list the diferent kindof plants that you se. Widen your observation by ang the ‘Fras surrounding our neighborhood, Make alist ofthese pollutants and check which ones canbe ed and which once need tobe put topeter forthe gage ‘nto cllect, With the recyled ones, isthe posible hing tat yor caa do to make them usable and explain this ina report.Do ‘simpy Limit youself to what you can do with the rece. ‘oar report must include suggestions to the neighborhood the Iragay and the city district.122 | Movement and surtsinabity Conclusion: The Global Filipino ——_| Tn this book, you have seen how your lives have ays beep tied to global processes These connections have Become mor ‘Pronounced in reent years. Teds, the Philippine depends largely on incomes from jobs with global connection, ‘The first is migrant labor. In 2015 the Department of Labor and Employment reported thatthe number of Filipinos le the county to work overseas ros from 4,01 jn 2010 £0 6,092 in 2015, a Si-percent increas in he span of five years ™ In 201, there were 2A nillion Flpino levig andor working ouside ofthe country" They sent back $258 billon in 215, roughly 85 percent ofthe country gros domestic product. The second i business proces outsourting (BPO) thatthe Philippines provides for foreign cients, In 2015, BPO operations yielded 24 ili Combined, these two economic activites ave plowed ovr $51 bilo into the eounty nations cots?" “The thied source of rational income is comprised of export ‘The Philippines exports machinery semiconductors, wood export crops and fits minerals (gold and copper, ships, and ‘chiles to other Asian counties, Europe, and North Americ In 2016, these exports earned $563 bili The fourth age source of income istoursm, which reached about $6.05 lion by the end of 20162 Added othe 85 billion from OFW and BPO earings the tal even of S135 ilon makes the Philippine the 3th gest eaaony inthe word. Ags ifyou tke these export products from the equation nly se ein he Pilippns, While ithe sh age ce producer in the world the country is also one ofthe larg Anpores ofthis bas staple" Corea Meebo Hay re bas never BEEN me othe ext in ation rom the Ae gt ili ed. Historians have showa tht communes 1218 me oh archipelago were engaged in xen uy evant ond maritime Southeast Asia in the preainey hn pines became 4 cn of tn ea Ten the American existing na epon wher oes 8 I ofthe sya pers and Japan had extended thei reach, When the wes Pear independent, it tok des inal Cl Wer sore capitalist United States andthe communist Unio of beeen Maliat Republi. Inthe 1960, when the United Stes se gin te evil wari Vitam, the Pipes ed eet gntcommaistceglonal body the Souheatha ization (SEATO), created bythe American hegenon 2 e aformal economy ofthe country survived bean of T and global connections. Guns, drugs, merchandi and Seetimmigrants lowed between th Pilipine south, Borne, S00, Singtore. and southern Chins, Colonial powers and posrarrepli tied t contin these ill netwos but fled Fh etwas pri to this dy. Foal, despite passionate nationalist warnings about the cxmiting insence of Wester culture, Flipinos continue told te West in high regard. English snow the ober ply poken Sega franco the county, and American popaar cure Seka to fashion to hip-hop—remains the model of modernity. Te 2014 Pew Research Center survey, fr instance, showed tht 22%otFlpinos are pro-American ‘et the cultures imported othe Philippine sore ae att can. The country has adopted Japanese, Korean, nd eh {can popular culture, notable in ecg oy bands wel Zt to ubigutous telenovelas. Returning OFWs or mint lies alo bring back some of the practices and customs of fest they have lived in Flipina working aa ae nye thing styles to look and at more like pense Oddy dlaspora tha there is a greater temp to eeriex 94 | Movement and Ssanbity Fino cure, ipn-Ametia elt ¢ EN, hy tevived” the use ofthe fn a0 DEEN cd the Moroso Mindanas2™ Thi pela PAN fet (sie) Pilipino arts” indicates a reverse flow” in which the loca is OW transposed overseas™ Again, these are indicative of lobay connections Flpioos rely have vy ite cic Ba 10 seep ty floblized state as county sd people, Galton inp has, admit oor uneven and on des 20 benef re pon, ether sonemoemet the 8 POs hen Philippines at the end of the 20th century Is analyzed. And par; ofthat ie becae gt or wing Pipe palit ae cided to open up theca tthe wo. Te et sep aay Isto mate sre tha the ini rom lbaluatons ene comet sl mre Fans ole eter ie ope pale a ee ee eee Soe a ete reste Siac nee ease re pelos tree tah gndnotes —————__ 1 lobo A Vey Shot on, 1 SE Gaer Universy Pres 203) 12 se i 2 ed res Honda Ses Sap Drop in rot on Thi Fee + ee ur 31,202 hip mmetnnemacomnennens) ON opto facet an is red B. Steg “deologies of Globaliration” furl of otal osogies 10,n0 1 (2008) 11-30. " + tntestioal Monetary Fund, “sues Brie Globaliation: A hie Overview” May 2008, hps/wineinorleternal/pxe 008053008 hum (ast acessed March 9, 2017). +a + ted Nations Conference on Tad nd Development, Word Snveiment Report 2016 (New York United Nations Publis, 6:34 » Denis O Fyn and Arar Gide, "Born witha ‘Sve poe ‘The Origin of Won Trade in 15717 furl of Word Hisry 00.2 (985,20, Ba % ay Bchengreen, Gling Capita A History ofthe {eernational Monetary Stem, Second editon (nein Pinceon Usesity Pres, 208), 87 Pete Historian, “Oil Embargo, 19731974 Milestones 1369- {2 htps: istry goles z stat gov ilesones/1969-1976o-enbug> __ (etced March, 2047) SO Boiooy “Mata Histor of Bey SBP 50 Ber Mat” April, 2014, hp raderhgcom/atrated- : wr Sarma (astacceied March, 21 Trade 0 Word Trade Report: Factor Sapa Sie ot Wed ade