Ot At t=, charge and Curreot in LC oscillations ave aS Shown - find. WO 5Ts4o 9 to, jo fo i ma. Q| WD 4(4)_, TE) Quand ce as funchon ry \Ww) minimum time etter wlide enengy in inductor is max” (2 minimum time atter Which Charge on Capacitor 1s max” “af fa . | | C= 2F qe 4c ‘ c i= 2A : he 2H __wnrinm—_al [2 % > = i I! e Ze t Vad/s aeccnne. T= 25 = 4m Sec L E= Woe ps yaxee Bf = de = 3 2 Gy At t=6 qe 4= qa Ww ts —dL = -2f2 teo( 4+ 3x) 4 ” fae when t4+3R ax es t= KE See ax" for me en & x = t= Sec W2 = fe Sin( sn m st ou, Kar a+ “ max” for St time when +n - 38 3 a t= *Lrennating Current Current ohich Periodically Changes it's divection Ut _ t t Lit ! t Divect Current (D-C-) + direction of Curvent vemain Same AC Source. — n }>— V= No Sin(wot +.) Curvent in Civcuit i= h Sin(wt +g ) Vo Peak voltage , Voltage amplitude wo pesk Current 5 Current amplitudeAverage Current ( iavg-) iavge * Siat dt a tor one Cycle iavg -. Gin (sot + 6) dt fatRoot Mean Square Current (iyms) and voltage (ens) 62 lems = dt fat i= f, Sinlwt+o) T o2 52 ig Sin?(wt +p) dt 32 lymg = 0 = te 7 dt a img = # and | ms *2 ad et T/2 T 7 hy Sin? (ot d)dt Cos (wt +d) dt °° = + = oO 7 dt od J dt °Average Power (P) het Ve Vy Sinwt and i= ty Sin[wtt d) b> phase difterence blur V andi tn stantoneous Power Paste = vi Average power = Past _ lovtssint Solotenat \ dt f dt FIP = Nong tems Cord Cond = Power factor > = Phare difference bo v_ and 79 ‘ tind lems fox fall owing Wt be [a sinwtl Gut Sie pote LVN Vv Z v % 7 Sr diy . 84 i ” ' 1 i i ot t at iT zi 4 hoot Wo t= ar b Sinluts $) wo t= aSinwt + b Corot Cems Jatr ( dt 29.2 5 % Sint dt + { bone = 2) WSHetdee, J oatWw L= a+ b&nwt T T 7 T > a { at bSnatfat [ete ‘ paints “| Phidotdt lems = 6 = 2: T T len = b+ >| tying = | Pe imo = a+b wo L= o Gnot + beesnat . . R= IPP, tang = b T= 8 Salts 4) é Zz bem s = & Ot b SinolAC Circuits Puvely Resistive Circuit a F naa ky kvL VySinwt -1R=0 pC t= Ve Sinvat =P, Sinurt “(n)- Ve V, Sint ° wo te Pome = Neeos gz 3 vs e Go 6 =0 Vand j are in Same phase Qin Power factor = Cec. = Ceo=l Gu Power P= ine Vanes C200 = line inmeR) = hye R W) v wp phasor diagram (>) yePurely Capacitive Ciccuit | | by kvL Ve Sinot - =O i © L= Cv, Sinwt te db = cyweonut © Ve V,Sinwt t= a Gin (cot + Rp) = Me Sin(wtr) > {= f, Sin(wt+ %) ots ¥ ym = Sans Vyme = lrg Ke Ww os tis B ahead of v Qin Power factor = Coop = CoB <0 iva Powe P= © w) vi wid phasor d iggcamCapacitive Reactance (%) = high af low frequency eyPurely frductve Circuit “rrp by kvl Ve Sintat — tdi =0 t fai = {ue Swot at @) t= Yh Cort = Yo Sin( ot -B) Ve V, Sint te fh Sin(wt-%) wo t= Ng feme = Nees L Ww 6+ & Vis E ahead of t qua Power factor = Cod = Co BE =0 iw Power P= © WV) wp phasor diagram VYoetxyInductive Reactance nr) XL= WL = 2Afl bigs ab high frequencyR-LC Series Circuit DADLDANA | | WEN, Sinwt A) kvl Vo finwk = 1R- Fe - tdi =0 Ad 2 Rd 4 v,Snwt dt? to Ps degen ews the) Vi =tXL Vetz x= impedance.oz =| Re (X= > Y= i = ems MON mg ww tang = XL=xe. iP XL Xe then Circuit is inductive R and Vv is aheod of { if ALS Xe then Civcult is Copacitive and i ig ahead of v Wy) Power facto Corb = & wo Power P= Vang tems Ce7 = Cems Z) + Vrms 4 P = ms R wo Reactance ot Civcuik x = Ix xe] wi) Wottless Curent = lyme Sind (vi) Addition of Voltage Veer (Vruey Ve= IR, Ve= ike 4 VE IAL Valid for xms and peak for instantaneous Value ef \ and Vi We use Phases diag vam for instantaneously Ve Vet Vit Nectwc & = toys wo Average elechia enecga = 5 hems Average Magnehc energy = Shinsfind Yoh 2S0%f NOE NS tao vod RON 5150 Cadf¢ —é&y Lovie Sm cat Re Pee. G2 Xe, A,X Ww Z wit Wo Power factor NP ) WD Power (up Watt less Current WV Vey Vi Ve \) VRo 3 Mg 3 Veo QD Vere VO Vere (xu) dvaw phaser dicgeram (xy UCR) if v= Aovle Siniat -— (wv) Ve (t) > VO), VAR) kw) Aver. electric energy (wv) Averoge magne fic ener: Lxvil) maximum ele ctic Field in Copacitey (d= tmm) (Kvn) maximum mone tic #ield_in inductor (n= ore)Wo x,= _1 = 4ol 5 XL= OF KID = FoR 250x168 x IoD K= Xi - X= 80h (Cinductve Circeut) ° booms (uy t= Mi = ew = 4A > ty = 4f2a (ve rms Zz So Ve iw Corde R= 4o = 4 MV; G o= £ a ae upte h v2 _-tang = To-4o > b= St (vahead) because X> Re wo P= fx4o = 64ow yn ified = 4 Sinaa? = 124A (vd Vp= 4x40 = [60V 3 Vt 4k Fo = 280V 5 Ve= 4x40 = I6OV W \e,= Iola a Met 28of2 > Meg? (6of O) Veres Let = ov &w Mae = Ure = 286-[60= 120ve (So) win) at t A Sin Cutt 3) wn M V = Aovle Sin oot i(t)= fa Sin( imt- 37°) 2 Ve(t) = I6ol2 Sin (it - 34) VAC 2 80(2 Sin(wot + $3) V(t) = 160 Sin (wt-Bor37)) wv) Average electric energy = dege= 5 <2soyF x ((60F. ew Average mmogrelic energy = iti Pa caH) (4) ‘ ‘ i = Mj, = bola — u WD maximum elechic Field € Ma se = 16f2%10" V/m Ome = x 2 fayg.= © AVI eerximum magnetic. Field &= ni, - Gxx5*)(1a0)(4fe) Bine= ANT, Bayemoving Coil device. x De voltmeter and ommeter read Average value of Small’ time interval So they Can't veod AC (Reading is Zero) AC voltmetez and Cimmeter ~ead xms Values (hot wire- instruments) - They Gn Yead Bc (rms values) @=4A @) = Isov Oo) C) () ww) YY QW snnanon | | | arom 4o hk 2somp oH We vSinwt ZON 5100 Vadfg Vy Sin(wt+ ) = 160V ) () = 280V @) ® Qi)= fae = bev make One AC Source by Phasor cLingram, Ve a+b Simot Meme = oPB* find Value of C for Which bulb gentcate it's vated Power lao, Iodtaf {| —9 Current in a Choke Coil is GA when it is Connected vith. 12.V battery- Current in Same Choke Cell is -4A if it is Connected with 12V5 sonz AC Source: find Selt Fnductance st Coil4ol O-3H Aes egennn t, & || Bo fL Boov , \owrvad/seSonance in RLC Series Circus R | —rermm— Cc Orn: Z= J&R, i-Vi Pe TR, trg- 8 > Z is _min™ 02 f is max” oc Pis max” 92 cord=| When X= Xe ? wl = I Oe w=_)_ W> Resonance Auular frequen re Aegon feeqverey = > Resonance ui f a = f 2 Sonane Freg ony At xesonance Z=R_—_ (minimum) t=¥ P= i= ¢ , Corh=) (maximum) Civcuit IS purely Yesistive Puyely Vand i are in Same phare.By w Quality Factor of Resonance (§) 8 = Resonance frequenc band widte of hal? Power frequencies Q- Oe. Wen mm | Me hal ower Bo we; RR | Ongullay frequencies Qo high i & Ww) ay we band- WidHeAReL-C Ryablel Circuit . . L Sete le « v [* L VEN Sinwt Phaser diagram& th following Find vending of r (nm) | ¥ \4 My = 12 Volt t Vp AC voltmeter et ammeter lp = SV SouZ Y= 2 Sinvot \ Vy = 1o Sin( we+ 53°) Ty = 128i yeot b= 10 Sin foot + 37) ig = 14 CortcotSol’ w My = 12 Volt 5 Vp = SV, SoHz Veg =} N24 ser = {&v WDM = 2 Sint Vb = 1o Sin(et+€3°) & Ve \ye 8f2 Verne = 8 Volt 2+6 wp ty = 128in vot t= 1oSinfoot + 37) fg = 14 Coricot 4 446 . i = 20 Vet 2ofe oF 12 1248 = 20 Veg = £0 VoltB* find Value of C for Which bulb gentcate it's vated Power lao, Iodtaf {| —wt laos 1d th || iI Cc i (rm) wy) POV 5 SOHZ = Vos wet = Ih Raut So 1B : Pye i R 2 Ww= im) > Te 4A t= Via t= 20 5 z- 202 z Zz Ze use xe = 20 2 %= ws 1 = 1 woo looxc ce Fo = tm yh fax x 104 VA9° Current ina Choke Coil is GA when it is Comected with 12.V battery- Current in Same Choke Cell is -4A if it is Connected with 12V5 sonz AC Source: find Selt Fnductance st Coil n . LR Sot Choke Coil — Inductoy —> —arr— LR rom. = E o4e 12 3 . aah Ie § m4 12 » Re hn L, 32 arn —— ZeNMi 2 |2= Sh . t a4 (224A) > 2 ye = 4A = W@ADL (2v , Sonz. J sx? =f 2 KF 24ol O-3H Aes egennn t, & || Bo fL Boov , \owrvad/sSol Nye 4 Soi te Liza? because B= f4Sf=fied 1, & and & by Complex number Aon O-3H Aan annem Lov, lowred/s > Real 9 Xa th, Kee -i Seates Keg Zit 5 Parable) 1 - dad xy 7 | - a-bi arbi Pabe KX, = 40+ Soi 5 Zp = 30 = 40i ‘= 4 a _t = 4o-Soi 4 Goraoi - _ Fo Flot es, 4or30i ——S0- 4ot 2500 288d Zhan Zeq= 250 = 2S (Fo-wi) = Fo-wl Zoe FOrto’ SoD 2 Kes| = 262 0 i= V = 20 2 ABA Zz 2872device device, 1. (fay Find device for olich Cire ss pure! ‘ re sist 24 = gs- sf We hove to add si => X=S = lol Ls £h device 1D la ( }] | / ) | ZzAReL-C Ryablel Circuit . . L Sete le « v [* L VEN Sinwt Phaser diagram i