Digital Twin
following the idea of digital twin
-find the tools for developing DT
- a review can be about the what kind of datasets are
used in energy performance from GIS and BIM and RS
aspects
-what is missed
-what was the conclusions.
-similarly, it can be applied in analyzing the
relevant models.
COPY " review of IoT applications for energy savings in
buildings and cities."
Title of an article: GPS tracking as a tool analyse the
occupant behaviour to analyse the energy
performance: a research gap or a challenging task?
D
A review article of data formats and standardisation
ogc API
Data formats in bim/gis
what is the level of details for our datasets to be
included in the project - in modelling our digital
- This article D6 can be used as a refrence ro wite a
paper like "GIS and BIM integration to energy green
building: review". I mean the similar structure but to
review it from the perspective green energy buildings.
- Based on table 3 D6, in our article we can try to
identify based on the available dataset and projects
- a task: we want to add a building to our model:
* Based on the geographical location, the digital elevation
model will be imported automatically.
** the climate model will be imported too. in this model the
average/max/min temp rain will be imported with the predection
models.
*** text analyses of twitter/news/Wikipedia ... to have
understanding of the area
part of article: Review and analyse the cost of different solution
(solar panels, urbins, ....) during the time and how affordable are
they
- we can analyse how we can model our findings : web, open
source tools, other tools
- a review article can be about the models developed for
integreting datasets: in this article following topics can be
analysed:
a network of all available integreting models from articles,
what is the aim of each model,
when they developed why they developed how and for what are
used
what is the trending issue of each model
what was their performance () ==> inspire the development of
new approaches.
- D6 "not every attribute in BIM is needed by a specific GIS
application." So, in our article, we need to define what aspects of
data (BIM/IFC) is neeeded for our article ==> gap: does other
researchers analysed the what attributes are needed in energy
modelling?
- Like table 4 D6, we can analyse what aspects are solved and
tackled what are the state of the art models for each part
- different classes of building and how it can be
classified and how it can be used in model
define characters that can be used to classify the
building
AI models to classify
instead of inputing the building, the class can be
imported
class of buildings ---- class of owners ----- ....
to see how they are connected\
- while we are making a network of components of our
model, it is nice to add how different articles analysed
each section/part/component. or the componentes
that each article is cover
As Azarakhash mentioned a part of our project is to
define the must/should. can/ cant have datasets
- As mentioned in D6 article, "The diverse research
purposes, research methods, and data formats used
by existing ..." , the current models for integratng may
varry based on the porpose of the article. So, my first
task can be to understand what kind of information is
needed to integrate for our project. so it can be a
research gap "data integration for green energy and
digital twin"
- it can be the structure of our review article
"data structure --- data collecting --- data
management --- data analysing --- data visualisation".
we need to review for each section what articles are
written by far. what can be done ...
- it should be checked, becouse probably it has a good
potential to be a task in our project "Another
aims, what kind of conversion modelling should be
involved.
======= D7 ====== Through an insightful
literature review, this paper summarizes the different
disciplinary classifications of GIS and BIM functional
integration, distills the value of data, and discusses the
ontology-based data integration approach that GIS
and BIM should take in the future to conduct research
on integration applications in smart cities.
a network of the possible models and tools that can be
used in the process of our tasks. some of them may
not be in line with our tasks so they can be shown in
the network with different colour.
e
in addition to solar ,,, , the potential of green roof in
greening can be considered
- impact of different RES on environment and etc.
- we can create a different classess of occpants, and for each class we assign specific characters. not onle the behaviour of each class can be analysed but also in feature in case a new
occupant is involved can be assigned to one of these classes. in case it doesnt fit to our classes a new class can be created. this let us our model be evolve-able. also, insted of
analysing each occupant which can be heavy analysis, we can first classify them then analyse that.
- define a roadmap of energy transition for
netherlands.
-users of building can be any living thing except than
human :|
- by analysing different classes of occupants, we can
develop a roadmap for each classes of building/users
to reach PED aims
-simulations is not always in order to find the exact
amount of energy usage, maybe we can use it to
- it is mentioned D7 that ontology is a hot spot for data
integration, but in d6 wecan see an opposite opinion. our aim
can be to provide a freamwork that before integrating the data,
it decides which model is more appropriate.
Task 1, itself is a research gap where we have to standardise data
for PED and DT for energy management.
- as perdro said occupant behaviour is a gap which need to be
connsidered in he research
- the resilience indexes which are coded with e-factor can be
used as a tool to model the occupants' behaviour
- page 63 of thalia's book the case studies for analysing the
comfort are discussed. so the comfort of dutch need to be
analysed too.
- the data of biuldings need to be collected at the same time to
give us a chance to compare them
- an idea can be that to review articles weather they classified the
occupants and their behaviour. so, we aim to import occcupants
as a class not a single data
in occupant behaviour, GPS tracking of users can be a gap. for
example their behaviour can be analysed using gps trackers in
technique that has potential to provide full semantics
transfer is graph-based database"
- we can create D8 "Table 1: Summary of sustainable
standards and specifications for building design
Available sources/techniques/models for 3d modelling
Drone / point cloud
Radar / citygml / photo
- some projects and researches are practical in their
study area and it needs to be discovered what gaps are
missed ineir researches
- in a building with similar rooms and different
occupants, their behaviour can be analysed by
instaliing sensors and characterising the occupants.
***********************************************
- with analysing the datasets from sensors of dfferent
building we can reach to a prototype of comfert for
dutch and then define a comfort definition for each
class.
- outdoor elements such as sun, temp, ... need to be
involved
- the input of our model can be both classes or single
users.
- In D12, a top-down approach is developed to analyse
the enrgu performance in various scales. it is

Address filtering to group and classify buildings
- D12 figure 12 and 13 has a great potential of ideas.
for example they present "predicted building energy
rating across different buildings" and "estimate energy
demand distributions at multiple-scale". so we can
apply this model to estimate/classify each region
based on energy performance for netherland.
- based on the historical energy performance
- based on the RS models to make a basic method to
classify that and to find the areas which need more
attention to energy retrofitting.
- in addition to other datasets, the potential of each
area/region to produce energy from reneable sources
should be analysed and applied.
- use bim model to detect the potential of buildings to
have high performance and be energy efficient
- the paossible RES should be listed, the potenial of
each building for each resource can be analysed.
provide a framework which when anyone wants to
make its building grren, use our model and framework
as a bible
- a formula to calcualte how improvments should be
taken, how RES is needed.
- different definations of ze/ energy/....
- zeb ... have different definations which reviewd in
their phones.
- show the evaluationary of buildings from zeb to peb
- D12 they analysed to find the retrofit priorities: 1) find retrofit
prioriities for areas. meanwhile try to define an algorithm that by
giving a building, first it analyse that which area is it assigned
based on the step 1. then try to understand based on the
building model. scale to scale try to find retrofit priorities.
- the materials and reguations to reach PED should be analysed
- show how ped is adopted by different countries during time
- make a list of RES ad their priority or applicitable level for each
building/region. based on the price, performance, practicality , ....
rank them.
- in our model we can calculate the efficiency of our steps in co2
emission reduction
- applying PV panels may return in long time, ecpecially in some
countries where the price of energy is not that much high.
however, ,otivating eople can be the last step to encourage
them.
- like appendix B, a flowchart can be defined that owners define
implemnted in Ireland. it is mentioned that they are
going to apply big scale to tackle the challenge of data
avaliability for small scales of datasets.
- analyse the different projects of PEB to give a review
oof the process of their development
D13- 2. Energy efffciency policies for the European
construction sector
2.1. European regulatory framework
2.2. Monitoring the policies application
3. The today’s NZEB model in EU: some features and
developments
3.1. Design features and objectives
3.2. Promising technologies: advanced material
solutions and sustainable energy generation
3.2.1. Advanced material solutions: thermal insulation
and glazing
3.2.1.1. Thermal insulation: aerogel, PCM, VIP.
3.2.1.2. Glazing. Since the design phase
- after retrofitting meassures, RES should be involved
to reach green energy aims.
- the model should be evaluate-able. it means that it
should try to detect the factors that lead to gap in
energy prediction and improve itself.
- A LIST OF TOOLS THAT USE ENERGY IN A BUILDING
- calculating the return of invesment is another
interesting tool whhich can be added to our model
- tried to define two standards: one for standard
building one for reducing energy
like a laptop: provide space for improvement in futuer
in D15, Cost analysis were analysed. It can be one of
D15. the one which can lead to more green
environment can be chosen as our approach or all of
them cn be included in our model to see which one is
the best choice for each individual. So, based on
different factors that we take from owners, we can
suggest one of them to the owner to apply in their
building. for example, it can be a difference between
the suggestions for a building in europe or middle
east.
- payback should be calculated too in our model
Analyze efficiency of different interventions to reduce
energy usage
dtwin
- Idea" state that there are currently over 400
applications that can be used for analysing building
energy and thermal simulation. A" it is from the book
of thaliea, So I need to find what tools and models and
applications are used for developing a digital twin.
then, which models are mostly used in the area of
energy. find out what are the advantages and
disadvantagaes of each model. it can be pourpuse of a
review article.
like the D(, 2.2 we can provide steps of ladder to see
how our model is evolved.
-D9 we need try to make our models simulate and
predict based on the real date, instead of using offline
historical datasets.
- in this research, ladders of digital twin from bim iot
and dt is presented D9, but we can focus on presenting
a framework to digital twin. our frame work which is
like a nnetwork can be like a model that have a
flexibility to be improved or involved new technologies
can be involved easily.
- the title of this article is good for us to copy in the
their building, and based on their defines we can
we can suggest the best approach that they can take to reach
ZEB...
visualze their building
- based on the geographichal location, the potentail of
neighbourhood to generate the wind power will be analysed
- "The most complex tools can address all of the listed issues,
while others deal only with the first three." we need to develop
a model to deal with all possible issues. irst we needto
understand what issues are involved and tackled by far, what
issues are not listed or not solved.
--Find the platforms and tools that are developed for monitoring
and digital twin especially in web
- what if we want to make amodel that every one can give
several pictures of his building and then our model give
suggestions for improvement.
- What kind of 3d models can be used as the input data for our
models? how they can be standardised? which one is more
practical? which one is easy? detailed? economical?.... in our
research it can be tried to anser these questions and grouped
them.
- Analyse how digital twin concept and its applications are
the aspects that we can includein our model.
cost of building
cost of installing panels
cost of retrofitiing
** based on the input, our model can suggest different
steps that owner can took to make building greener.
- D!8 analysys the value of energy which can come
from different res
- in the section of 2.2 D9 it gives a perfect roadmap to
our review article or even thesis. becouse we have
different tasks and for each task diferent sections so
its structure can help us to organize our article. in this
artice, first he mentioned several research questions
and divided the whole rsearch to different ladders for
each ladder defined different parts.
- Based on D9 " studies still involve human in the
control loop to make the final decisions based on the
collected real-time data", maube we can try to our
model more automatic rather than involing humans
- some papers are talking about the research gaps, but
they are just talking generally. they need to presenrt
more technical points.
if we can not find all possible datasets to our model as
input, we need to define an algorithm that any possible
model be able to be analysed and a standrizasition
model be applied and then imported for the future
users.
- in discussion section, D9, the basic elements of
suggested models "DEVELOPING A DYNAMIC DIGITAL
TWIN AT A BUILDING LEVEL: USING CAMBRIDGE
CAMPUS AS CASE STUDY"
- based on this research D15, the current models are
more focused on new buildings nor existed ones
- " an overview of the most relevant application
domains of DTs in the energy field by conducting
literature analysis, describing classifying the
approaches found. " D17
- HOW CAN WE FIND THE EFFECT OF AROUND
BUIDLINGS ON OUR BUILDING AND ENERGY
MANAGEMENT
- how our model is applicable from building level to
district level and from district to building.
for examplw it was a model that started with big scale
and ended to building D18
- Study different DTWIN models
- CLUSTER
Cluster the buildings / CLUSTER OCCUPANTS
Cluster behaviour / Cluster region
Cluster economically / Cluster wheather
Cluster energy usage
- queryable 3d model
- list of conferences and events i would join
Give me a list of available datasets which you have in
your mind
evolved during the last decades
- based on this article D15, " zero energy building has no
speciffc strategies or guidelines [4–6]"
-"Each reviewed paper is focused on the development of
specific aspects of features of DTs tailored for different energy
assets, smart grid configurations, or energy services." D17
- different classes of building and how it can be classified and
how it can be used in model
- "case studies of DTs are compared, illustrating their application,
content, technological infrastructure, and priority results." D19
- D19 is for urban planning, we can adopt that to our project
- one of the gaps in DT is the DT model of green space. Since the
netherland/europe is a green contry, we need to think about
how we can involve that in our project aand what is its infkuence
in energy modeling.
- green bui;lding/smart intelligent building and digital twin are
different consepts
Thalia introduced several courses that i need to take
data structure --- data collecting --- data management --- data
analyzing --- data visualization
developing DT is discussed.
- "an overview of the DTs application domains in the
smart grid " D17
-"increasing energy efffciency and identifying a cost-
optional solution for which both consumption and
costs are expected to be reduced." D18
Classification based on the rules, fuzzy, algorithm or
back box ml
"""1. Types of DTs; 2. Scales and portions of the city
covered by the project; 3. Project aims/demands and
purposes underlying the investments; 4.
Technologies/software used or developed; 5.
Management of the virtual model; 6. Simulative
experiments and degree of innovativeness."""
- set benchmarks for buildings/user behaviour/....
need to read different standards and policies to
understand benchmark
Computer Vision also can be involved in the project.
for example in D20, a new idea can be : "artiffcial
intelligence model algorithms such as face recognition,
human feature recognition and vehicle recognition"
- make a trend visualisiation of green building d19
Define a roadmap to acquirerelevent skills of producig
a digital twin at the end
A software that can take an article and give a network
that how each article is used what part of that article is
taken in that particular article