You are on page 1of 557
a Ce ieee me ReO Ree eee al IA EASE AD) ea es ean eed fe ee oe ee ee ee ae ee | "Riy, RN ie Orme ae, COLO Co 5 = % eee Computer Organization and Design The Hardware/Software Interface Fifth Edition See: ee ee ee once) Press DCR eI mapas emer Computer Organization and Design The Hardware/Software Interface Fifth Edition mee oa COCO Cone leer cet Pe Se OE: Deta sO met teed ee ee ee eae Be Sd Cee S Se seo Ct Me eee ea ce be Re POMS UU ME Ce te SECM eras BRS Sur st Dees neo CNet A ee ees LE Soe ek ee eM Se cM be Et Dede. = 2991 4 cra! Pe eh eee Soe Sco cee eee Le PEC ee Eu ie a ee eB A LS Sey par duke AMA eat UC cE RC we ee a a te ee eal ea TE De tue US Soa St: Mie Ee ea eS aL hed a ect Pe eID oe ae ee Aa ee cB Se Oe Le ur BG Re ee Ba See 2 Ce ee eee Lk LLL La CRUE MSE ee eee Oe She eee | | YP MNSOeaSe 4:BiRE MN Computer Organic and Design: The Hardware/Software © Interface, Fifth Edition Hf Elsevier ACHE SOO ee) eee SOc ea Tee co Poems cee Re ea a eee Et: 99.007 @o0oe0ee0 6 SS Se ee WEAK Sei ROE (Je) BALA. WHR (David A. Patterson) 298 Le FEM (John L. Hennessy) 4. TAKARA Wit ESE MORE Wee SiR WL IKS Computer Organization and Design The Hardware/Software Interface Fifth Edition @ satvaee hina Machine Préss FABRA (CIP) ae HY RRLALRR SRT: EEE / SAEED ( BRASSB 5 fie) / (32) beiF#R (Patterson, D. A.), (38) yes (Hennessy, J. L.) #; ESE SR. dak: SRL, 2015.6 (ELBE MAS) 4842042: Computer Organization and Design : The Hardware/Software Interface, Fifth Edition ISBN 978-7-111-50482-5 Lite IL Ot O35 OE IL 1BslKRets FREEING AC AStM CIP BeBe ( 2015 ) $8 127169 IV. TP303, ABAULBIAS: BF: 01-2014-2856 Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface, Fifth Edition David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy ISBN:978-0-12-407726-3 Copyright © 2014 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Authorized Simplified Chinese translation edition published by the Proprietor. Copyright © 2015 by Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. Printed in China by China Machine Press under special arrangement with Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd. This edition is authorized for sale in China only, excluding Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR and Taiwan. Unauthorized export of this edition is a violation of the Copyright Act. Violation of this Law is subject to Civil and Criminal Penalties. ARAMTOKEICAREH Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd. #RACHUiRT Mt RRL ZE CPT AIMS ASE A RUT. AMOUR EDA (REE SENSITLK MTNRT GR) Hane ABHIZWO, WNBR BERLE, BRAEMAR. 7ST Elsevier Wi(NhRE, TREES. ABA ARAN, SRF AA RAO, PRAMS RK, PRAM AMARANTE He AA A. AAELA MIPS AEST UBER. ICE. HOLS, HRC Penman OE OSRALOR. BPR CAMEL TT ENUROT MST, EMAL aT RARER, DL BHAT IRS RE RH te, FF, ACRESINMB EMO T an ARM Cortex A8 Al Intel Core 17 SB5UAHeHt Rin Ht BIOL LT OA BA, ATA PEO PERT TL St, YR te SAT, HARA: URCHIN Cloermentocer x08 22 9 eBxA: 100097) cee: Ok fil: Aes ALENT FR: 185mmx 260mm 1/16 #8 © B: ISBN 978-7-111-50482-5 ERM: AL Ae: 2015 4 7 ARE 1 AGB 1 YET Bie: 34.5 ft: 99.0076 AMAR, SoA WT, OE BUR, AGRA aR EMAL: (010) 88378991 88361066 sak; (010) 68326294 88379649 68995259 LTA BB SRB MA A Be AA SEAE: ALA ARIES MI / SA AAA, (010) 88379604 #hatEH: hzisi@hzbook.com | Ha 2 Computer Organization and Design; The Hardrare/Sotware Interface RERMVK, WUTC AE TE ER, EDIT ACHE REE AN SSRIS T BEER ESS; ETERS, HIS EAE AE EAR PAST A Td HE ih, OUR, FERRER, PS BT RRO aR EA, TLE AOS ALLCLOSE AOTBG, RA TERE, BARS. MAE HE, FLOMED EAR AE AOE STATUE. UAE, TER RCM PF, RAST SEAL eR, AY AA ANP Ha SE. BOP HSL OLAC A AAI EAB ELI, ALDARA A A a PE ALT, AERA (a AEA ARI Ta] BI RAR, EEG AR SAE CH LANE AY SUPA TAT ERE ALR ZO A HF A EZ Mh, A, Sek HM St Lt HON Mit FLAC LIN 2A BEI TE, We SIL. BBA A it KFA ZH PUT MH RRL EES BE)“ HE TRIS”. 1998 ETE, FCAT TER HCE T RE, BH RUMLA BH Lo BUSA A, BAS Pearson, McGraw- Hill, Elsevier, MIT, John Wiley & Sons, Cengage “FI 2% % HMA FEI T RFA TERA, SGT BAS ACS PS “PELE HY Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Bjarne Stroustrup, Brain W. Kernighan, Dennis Ritchie, Jim Gray, Afred V. Aho, John E. Hoperoft, Jeffrey D. Ullman, Abraham Silberschatz , William Stallings, Donald E. Knuth, John L. Hennessy, Larry L. Peterson “$A ili % He H— M4 wee fh, DTA” WM, DEAE, RRR. KA SORA, th TEGRSL T SEAS i “SERUM” EAL TBA eA AB, FN Be AT PERO RERIS , RAR AESTAMLE TRAV BASLE 5 TTR PE A tA EE a EP HE, AMES WHR PRA. ES, “HRA” CART he, RARER A PAY T RO, PRIS MRR ERM MSS He. EIR GC A” 1 Ah ee SI BH LE BE ARPA 0 BUBLHITER ANB, RRA. PORTIA HANS, ROAR ARITA ALT BRAS R TE. LEE LN AE SBA Ae 2B BE A 8 TE BRA, STAM THLE 9 ER AAS A — TT TEL, BAT AER MS, HTL ‘AY HEL TE AE AR TT SK — AA A HEB 5 RE LS AE AE A HT HR AT BP AURA THE, RANA AME 4¢:3279194, www. hzbook. com saan AS 4843; 100037 ARAL He ak pas ABR | Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface BU HY EPL — AEBS AT PEAT BP. AL MP A Hh, AEHMARE, RASRHRGR. RE-ARGRARAY HTT RABRE TH HN. ERLE—-RHAMARM BAS, WEN ATAMASER TA. ——Michael Goldweber, Xavier K SFL DF, REBATE ET. FS ERLANG. RTA BIB HT RBA BCE, BORAT RET BOERS, 4s ARM ZH AMIRA ULES A AUB MO fol ETC A PERE RHE, RSA AA TRL, AL BA RAR A. ——Ed Harcourt, St. Lawrence X SILA RRP ERE HSE OURO. ABER BBL, NE AMEE BAT EAEEE—€§$ EER. HR, RE. TORR, FERRI. IT ARKR, th {8FHMN ARM Cortex A8 #l Intel Core i7 SF BUfRLHT RT AEE AR LEFT T BLAH. ——Mark D. Hill, Wisconsin- Madison 4 SES GIG AKAD (CPU) ARSENY AERA G IAS , Ce ATT Be HA a A FARE RT 1 FE AB. ARAN TRE, THT ELS BT HRS SRL, LEAN FE FAL UR ELT A RAE A —Dave Kaeli, Northeastern &# 24, FAINT 2B be LR | EAE RE REI BR Hl, TERS REAL ACRE BTR, UR SAC EME MER ZA RA. ES HRT ATT SEL RIES STER , EU ME TN MA I TT EH BA PERT ROAR, LARTER, A, RERKRAM RC SRARL AR —Christos Kozyrakis, Stanford Patterson #il Hennessy $f i Se 0] Sf 1 Fe Ae A SUB SA 9 i, SB PRR TEAS FMRI UE ISEB S Wt — A A BEAT BLE L/O ALIFE HE 5, MY PC ISR RSH DLE BA PNET T A MELEE AE PC Ai SP Fa SE ATE i AR A RAT, AR — A EB ——Jae C. Oh, Syracuse Xf | PRE Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface D. Patterson il J. Hennessy Sit 5% SL SURI ES. HEFL A AL A Be A TB ABW, {WAT (Computer Organization and Design; The Hardware/Sofiware Interface) —-i SLE RATT S We ALA ESE AL SRT TR. A, LEAKE AOL RH POUR RE RAB, VILA KER ABR BH. TBS TERRA LAUR ESIC Ra 4 WE ER, SLA TLR DORR RORCR, MBAR. KEGES. Ab, CES A i te SAYA EMR A] ARM Cortex A8 il Intel Core i7 U4 CiLET RE HSEBL EAR 9 EAS ER EAT BH ARATE ERE] — RHE AS LEAP PRA PE, EE eS AR SEE Dy PEAR HY EL PEPE TSE BEE I BUTERA RATT 3 UP PEAR TH LAE, FAO EA SUE RE RE | RUM DR A TAF BESO ASE, SE A AE Ae A ET 4H RA TH OTE, FEARS 5 NPR TER, Sb, RA BA MS THR BELT. PRG Ta AEH ALA Ben OSE ARE UKE. HERR, ae. FS, AMS IT APRA ABER LE. ACSI PET PERS BT AR ARATE SL (No. 61472322) fy StF. FRAP ARR, BP REE EA SOREK ZAMS, AAI IE ER 2015 #2 AF He&oeAx wal Computer Orgarization and Design; The Hardware/Software Interface AMNRAEMORLBGOEWAHM, TCAMTLLALK CHE ORR, —— Rit LOMB, (AWM), 1930 KERB TEETH AOLEE STRAT, BRT RARE SLAS EAR RD, RL TR A TE eo SHURA EAM AMSA TT ALANA RE, ARE HALAS Difle. HEAEREZE neon BANE BUNT SELLE A GG BE THe Te RK, AAT PBT PRA A BEA PALES NAW EMEA BURT FE AEAS LASHER TEPER AYE BEE EF EEA HE, PORE ALE, ALR SHE BEATA), A, A aE AE FRAN SRR, FERIA SRL ES WER, HAC AOACREHSK, RAE TA AD | RRM RH. HH PFA TIX RII, ATTA RURAL Ae AES RE SUyAATT, “LCRA ASA Ear Os SRR AT DL De I Ea a AT AAR, ROR BERET. WT RRRETAER, WAIT RIT, FSO A Re EE RERS ENA BRITE, X-ARRRSEAMERR, BOE R—T TE HL, KARE RTE SRE, Af REESE HOLL ee TEE ABBAUT EH: ELMAARERLUG GAA, TREAT A LAL WR; AACAGR A RBM HORE, AEE TTL, RE eR MAB MT LEER . SAPAAMA-—AP AEH OT ME BAK fe HM — A 43 ( Computer Architecture; A Quantitative Ap- proach)? BES WWE, BALEARES Mr, HI “Hennessy and Patterson” (755i A HH “Patterson and Hennessy”) . Heft] AT ft) A My AE BE FAIS AY TA A A A HE LEAR BENALLA AH HE, RAT A FD FRE PUA A a AR SE LT Wie BRATS FURIE TEAC AY D7 PAT AE AR ETD RAR, AR FSFE CIT FLATS AA AA KE REA IEA — EEN HFRS TE, REIT A BRT SHER SEEN A] LEE SEAS BETTE A A SL BEE, EH MARE ATE FE. AN, SPEAR BLT. BAERS. RARE RLIE BV SABA Be BCE TRIER AS HE LL AE FE SET DPE, ESR rt Ab Ds a A A AT TPE BO BELL, AAMAS F “Hennessy and Patterson”, MA UET TARBIT, LGGMAS MASE. RATMFEME “Hennessy and Patterson” ff il BR ACHE St 22 HE 6A AS HH BOR BE, RGR SH 1 MAA ERAA BE, AARNE. SPURT MMT AM TASS 3 HL, 4 RTS RIES, BN CHTSDOL AR EAH: BRACE ik). Hb SS RAVE 55 A 6 SERED PR: FMI FAA Te TE TEE; TT A) ABER AR ALR ARH Dy SCE TT SRL; YB FEAT TERT, VA SLBLAA PC EARN PC BAR HY BBs HO FRAT MMAR AH, TARR TERE RAAT TE i, VASLIR 2009 ESN 4 WH NREL TM EL HERAT TR CAAT oe Ep ABET) HAY AHCCEELIR_E (booksite. elsevier. com/9780124077263/ index. php) , if AJERCTE CDE, BEAR TAI MLAS, HARA MACE RT Bi FG. AIMED 5S MIST ARM, HATH, BRAN TAM ERA, HR BA ATE PFS EH OP BRETT TPE. JE, 1 4, SAO MMA ASE. SL REALIST MEARE (HY BE Ac CG | Ae Hy eb BR PI Te] OE, EST TL BY 8 MG ACBRADL 8 2 ERE FR EA ART BSE HE, ae I BEAD BERL RL, HEBEL AS RR AA MVE AE ATTA ER RA. 3 BI AE GS HRA ARIE, ALE AT HE AEE 3 HE, PNT, FRAT TE A RSP PERIZ TNT, ARAM R FEIT ORE HEREDERS 4 fF, EA BEBEAL 3.6 ~3.8 Ti. SS4 TESTA T WKAR AS. JEP, 4.1. 4.5 M4. 10 ERT MER, 4.12 We THE — AEP IE ETRE HE BE HY Ta, EE EE HOR REE EF FLT H, PABA. Ab, HUBER VUE AIR, AT MPRA eT AEE AR CH ERD, M-HASK, SUMBARRK, R-RAEROAA, AUST BE ABM. A WAY HEA IE Se EM S| AE ED AS, Bil GPU, eT SEL A SRE AGE P tk — PH RA EE | 1 || QS Se Mea UUU eases ad aad SA HAR 15 PRE Java) 220 21 (Hist) 1-B.17 3 3.6-3.8 (FFI) 10 (Bi) 11 (ise) MRD BHA BIBI 4.1 GIR) 4.2 (BHA) 4.34.4 (IAL) 4.3 (HUKERBEE) 4.6 (SAREE) 4.74.9 (ABADI) 4.10 ~4.12 EFRON) £54.13 (Verilog TeAEREETA) 414-415 (BBD) 4.16 (Disk) Hl HS: OLE WERE RISC HOSA 3 Re ELIE: 4 SbeR MI (B) Pre ress SD.1-D.6 =o 5.1~5.10 ss _~= 1 CEO TCAR EEE) wo wo Si5 eae TEAM AB EOE 12. (Verilog cache #6188) | se 5.13 ~5.16 ws =~ 85.17 (isk) we ze 6.1~6.8 = —~7= 56 Me SAUL ONE ALA eS (ree) == = 6.10 ~6. 14 =e =e 86.15 (Hi) ss ze IRA TCAD, SERRE AL SPIN ICR AI-AI aad zo BAC ARATE SC1-C.13 os | om rk ww AMMA TT AR OCR MAM TR eR OT BSS MRL SIS — SB bi AAD — BF HE A EE HE TE TTR, TESS 3 RE, RRP SETH RIM 4 4, AES 4 RE RR I fF, TEA THR SHIFT OME. FES HALA MT cache HET HL, FC TERE RT. 6 REM TE 16 PAPAS LR ETT RAG T 14 AREAL 4 AREA AE EPR BF i C GLI T 24 70 SEA RIL E FPA ULA RA HHT B 8 AEA EB a CATHY FD Z AA A Bs SA HT LT BO 5 BRAT RF RIC AI 5 SNE EB PRANTL, CEB PALA 100 G/N. EHP BDA 7 ANTE ME, IF AT RED BSAA S Ue. MUP TIEPT HERE. AK ANTE AE S| URS HH 3 AL, BRAM. 4 UR, AIT RSW— HR, WERT Hi, ABADI PAC TEER, ROR LP TR RT EA BG PIF AU EA ATT EARL PC IRE Ta PC RAE He. 51 SAINT PLAN TTL STR PC, HO IMT BH MN. AS, HES SEAT, BANSTINT Jee PC RY Ao ah oe HE FTL AY ARM ROSE, LIDGE PC BRAT Se aE SALA 86 HEHE POT AEH 0 FLEA REEBA HH, RRR PEP, aR ESTER SS HAE, Alte, RMTATHE 1.4, 4.9, 5.2, 5.5, 5.11 916.9 FH HRB] /O ARH. RANA EM RAI HE — Re, A CN) EE SRO. FYFE MLSE — MIG BE AY HIRATA RA, , TE ET ERRAAR. KU PTE BS PC HARE AY ARM Cortex A8 Ail Intel Core i7, 344i FEMALE ARMV8 64 (Ed O ME, VERE CPU SPATTER, SIAR ZH CIT OLN A PARR 106 LIRR AERA BL FST PRES TA HIE BS FEB AAT, RAPID NCAR A, ETE BES CD ey OR ERR. Ra, RNR T ABABA x TEM ALA REAT IB TT ASTRAY, RATER TERA PA ICR . yA MES EBA 8, RNBERABB UH I TEL. PR “AREER” BOA AA Te RE TERE, WROTE HERE, RRSP “BE PEO” BAA SARA FEO ALI — AE TR” BBSMODIR ETE, DAE ERI “REAR” TA ERB”. ERE HEAL “NUR” BSP H ESR, ARNE AE ee — a RY A A ACILILPEREGET MIPS BAG SCH (GEE IBM System/360 “48-4” BIA TR) , IRL UE TER, C45 MIPS RSE, MBER. BEKO BUTI T RDS ET EUR TL, LHR RAE, AR, OKT, Ta RA WN EBAGE, TVIRIKL: textbooks. elsevier. com/9780124077263 . SNe SP HABE, ASAT LL BL TTER T RD SABRE R. HFASB EDT We, ABA A MLS HSE RTE SR Be A OR ASML Ha PF 5 LIB A: codSbugs@ mkp. com, ACHAEA Hennessy Fil Patterson FY 1989 4E LHI A EIA — Pk PEE THAR IAAF, Hennessy BECK AS HEME SE RAH RT MAR A SEAS TE. HAF Patterson — AR ACR RE AAAI HOTA, RESIN AA AZ. LA, PERNA Mop HAY AAI Berkeley AIPIATIEA ARS MEP BT KE. 55S RB PEA BINS— HT, RAR MS Ei HAG Bl TOR ER. TPA ANSE AA BETA BS FE AB EAS EFC 0 HITS 6 HAT BAIA, PRA RAR A AETT STE, SPR LIE AR RRR LT WB. ARI Stanford AHH) Christos Kozyrakis, {th REX CEE HE (FH Ms BE FORIBIE /O AY BEAR, SERIE AY AA Hh TRL, BERRA Stanford AFH) Mario Flagsilk, {S(T NetFPGA NIC (N45, FEAR LIHEREIPI. 9b, LAP AB RTA RESE HH T PHL: Northeastern KF (H) David Kaeli, HP 3¢%@ 3% ff) Partha Ranganathan, Wisconsin 1° i) David Wood L' & Berkeley K2# ft) [Fi] 44 Siamak Faridani, Shoaib Kamil, Yunsup Lee, Zhangxi Tan #i Andrew Waterman, FUMEEX UC Berkeley ff) Rimas Avizenis 27455] UAB , (UIT At TAS TAL BCA HH FE RT AE FR, FPREOET HUMMLA HERE. 4ARE UCLA BEOISVER, RMR WOE, eS — iS HE UCB SEE — fF S20 ET. Ft BERT FRB IH Fs PEAK PE UC Berkeley ft) Randy Katz 227 iH. FASE DHE OEIEAE HAAR, HLLETE LR AR AA ET KBB. 2MiH David Kirk, John Nickolls #14th{f] 42 NVIDIA f#) fF] 4F4{] (Michael Garland, John Mon- O RERA (ELS); AFA BAM TEM, KARA MY SIO Gt OE AY BH BK (www. textbooks. celsevier. com) PERL ULAL IE A REDOR ALTER. SUIS BAF TE wine. textbooks. elsevier. com cH FU PERALBAG, Mith “instructor manuel” 4B] HH AE A RIE A. AT CEA] LA, FH, 010-85208853,, — iE xX trym, Doug Voorhies, Lars Nyland, Erik Lindholm, Paulius Micikevicius, Massimiliano Fatica, Stuart Oberman, Vasily Volkov) $2( 7 33—“MRA SPA GPU AYES. FRUCARIA Jim Larus, {th (ese EPFL 1} SOL Si PEA BE DEK, WA AE T AE mT SK, MA BE FST FE ALE BO aE AEA AR South Carolina K-F(t) Jason Bakos, (755 4 WISER b MARR NIA MEAT TE Bio 4 MHA Mc LL F ARMAS: Perry Alexander (Kansas K%#), Javier Bruguera (de San- tiago de Compostela X2#) , Matthew Farrens (California X2# Davis 4}#2) , David Kaeli (Northeast- em K%) , Nicole Kaiyan (Adelaide K°#), John Oliver (Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo) , Milos Pr- vulovie (Georgia 3%) #1 HP fi Jichuan Chang, Jacob Leverich, Kevin Lim, Partha Ranga- nathan, ‘Rif Jason Bakos FF 2 Tf MMA To RES AGATA, AAAI VAS He RAE TA AS. RAMI I AT, IF SYA LL SEAT SPT A HAT: 2012 #441; Bruce Barton (Suffolk County Community “#B%), Jeff Braun (Montana 34-T- KE), Ed Gehringer (North Carolina State), Michael Goldweber (Xavier K2#), Ed Harcourt (St. Lawrence A), Mark Hill (Wisconsin 2% Madison 4}#2) , Patrick Homer (Arizona X°%) , Norm Jouppi (HP 3423), Dave Kaeli (Northeastern Kk), Christos Kozyrakis (Stanford 2%) , Zachary Kurmas (Grand Valley #437), Jae C. Oh (Syracuse K*#), Lu Peng (Louisiana 47. KF) , Milos Prvulovic (Georgia HL), Partha Ranganathan (HP 348%), David Wood (Wis- consin K) , Craig Zilles (Ilinois A°E HARSH) o SFA AIH EA, Mahmoud Abou-Nasr (Wayne #22) , Perry Alexander (Kansas KK), Hakan Aydin (George Mason °#), Hussein Badr (New York #374 Stony Brook 4+ 8), Mac Baker ( Virginia Military “fh ), Ron Barnes (George Mason X°#), Douglas Blough (Georgia HIT.) , Kevin Bolding (Seattle Pacific K°#) , Miodrag Bolic (Ottawa K%) , John Bono- mo (Westminster 2 ¢), Jeff Braun (Montana fT. %), Tom Briggs (Shippensburg kK), Scott Burgess (Humboldt H3¢K%) , Fali Can (Bilkent 2%), Warren R. Carithers ( Rochester BUTEBE) , Bruce Carlton (Mesa Community * Bi), Nicholas Carter (linois k°¥ #44) 62) , Anthony Cocchi (New York Stili 4) , Don Cooley (Utah 322%) , Robert D. Cupper ( Allegh- eny “#Be) , Edward W. Davis (North Carolina JH W7K°#), Nathaniel J. Davis (Air Force #1. *# Bé), Molisa Derk (Oklahoma Sk iti 2%), Derek Eager (Saskatchewan 2%), Ernest Ferguson (Northwest Missouri JH 37 4), Rhonda Kay Gaede ( Alabama % “#), Etienne M. Gagnon (UQAM) , Costa Gerousis (Christopher Newport “#), Paul Gillard (Newfoundland #2) , Michael Goldweber (Xavier °#) , Georgia Grant (San Mateo *#:Bi), Mersill Hall (‘The Master’ s “B%), Tyson Hall (Southern Adventist A*#), Ed Harcourt (St. Lawrence K+), Justin E- - Harlow (South Florida 42), Paul F. Hemler (Hampden-Sydney “#B¢) , Martin Herbordt (Boston Ke), Steve J. Hodges (Cabrillo *# 6%), Kenneth Hopkinson (Cornell 2%), Dalton Hunkins (St. Bonaventure X34) , Baback Izadi (New York #37 A2# New Paltz 4B) , Reza Jafari, Robert W. Johnson (Colorado Technical K*#) , Bharat Joshi (North Carolina 2% Charlotte 4+), Nagar- ajan Kandasamy (Drexel K°#), Rajiv Kapadia, Ryan Kastner (California # Santa Barbara 4} #), E.J. Kim (Texas A&M KF), Jihong Kim (Seoul KY), Jim Kirk (Union KX), Geoffrey $. Knauth (Lycoming Bé) , Manish M. Kochhal (Wayne 7%), Suzan Koknar-Tezel (Saint Joseph 4%), Angkul Kongmunvattana (Columbus #4372), April Kontostathis ( Ursinus x “£BE), Christos Kozyrakis (Stanford 7), Danny Krizanc (Wesleyan XK), Ashok Kumar, S. Kumar (Texas X*#), Zachary Kurmas (Grand Valley $i K*#), Robert N. Lea (Houston ), Baoxin Li (Arizona fH3¢ KE), Li Liao (Delaware A), Gary Livingston (Massachusetts KK), Michael Lyle, Douglas W. Lynn (Oregon #81), Yashwant K Malaiya (Colorado #37 KE), Bill Mark (Texas Ke Austin 4}#), Ananda Mondal (Claflin K%), Alvin Moser (Seat- tle K3), Walid Najjar (California XK“ Riverside 4}#%), Danial J. Neebel (Loras Bi), John Nestor (Lafayette Bz), Jae C. Oh (Syracuse A), Joe Oldham (Centre 96%), Timour Palta- shev, James Parkerson (Arkansas #), Shaunak Pawagi (SUNY Stony Brook 4} #%), Steve Pearce, Ted Pedersen (Minnesota 2%), Lu Peng (Louisiana #324), Gregory D Peterson (Tennessee K%#), Milos Pruulovic (Georgia HET), Partha Ranganathan (HP 3232), Dejan Raskovic (Alaska K“# Fairbanks 5}#), Brad Richards (Puget Sound K2#), Roman Rozanov, Louis Rubinfield (Villanova 2%), Md Abdus Salam (Southern 2), Augustine Samba (Kent JH EAE) , Robert Schaefer (Daniel Webster Bz), Carolyn J.C. Schauble (Colorado JH 7K) , Keith Schubert (CSU San Bernardino 48), William L. Schultz, Kelly Shaw (Richmond K%%) , Shahram Shirani (McMaster 2), Scott Sigman (Drury K3#), Bruce Smith, David Smith, Jeff W. Smith (Georgia 2, Athens), Mark Smotherman (Clemson 2%), Philip Snyder (Johns Hopkins XK), Alex Sprintson (Texas A&M), Timothy D. Stanley (Brigham Young K“), Dean Stevens (Morningside “#:B%), Nozar Tabrizi (Kettering K°), Yuval Tamir (UCLA), Alexander Taubin (Boston K“#), Will Thacker (Winthrop), Mithuna Thottethodi (Purdue KF), Manghui Tu (Southern Utah XK), Dean Tullsen (UC San Diego 4}#%), Rama Viswanathan (Be- loit BE), Ken Vollmar (Missouri M372), Guoping Wang (Indiana- Purdue K2) , Patricia Wenner (Bucknell K°), Kent Wilken (California K2¥: Davis 4}8£), David Wolfe (Gustavus Ad- olphus “#B%) , David Wood (Wisconsin °# Madison 4}#é), Ki Hwan Yum (Texas K# San An- tonio 5¢#), Mohamed Zahran (New York Sii#Be), Gerald D. Zarnett (Ryerson KX), Nian Zhang (South Dakota School of Mines & Technology) , Jiling Zhong (Troy K%#), Huiyang Zhou (Central Florida £2), Weiyu Zhu (Illinois Wesleyan A) . ‘4$$5/ BiH Mark Smotherman — jj SZ — il sh AE 2¢ 5 5 PSEA AVS PERE, PE FOG Tk — Ht iB SARAH Morgan Kaufmann 47] fe] RE Todd Green #1 Nate McFadden (#)4.5 F REACH HEFT BE Mh, AMI LE, RAAT ME TERA. RATA Lisa Jones Fil Russell Purdy, h{f15>5l) RAFAH LEAN LH. HATHA PIG PC MARA ALAS ANSE 1 MCS THIPE NT IK VA EAE BI ASE 150 2% AE HARARE BE TAA, (BE A PRATT A A 5 David A. Patterson tee RSE | Computer Organization and Design; ‘The Handware/Sofiware Interface David A. Patterson FA 1977 SEE AMI AAA EA SP BEDE Whi — RH LAR, BLE FLEE RITE. MM Be LABS T AER BCE, ACM Karlstrom 3%, IEEE A Mulligan SCR AARHE BE. Xt RISC AY TTR, Patterson HFT IEEE RUE HK A ACM Eckert-Mauchly 3%, 59hA Xt RAID MGR, (LFF! ASPET IEEE Johnson (8.78 Hi 4%. {WAI John Hennessy 44% J IEEE John von Neumann #45 C & C igh. Patterson HZ; GEER. HAUG AE. ACM AIEEE Bit, HAAR CBE. BM RRMAE BE ANRE BUBBA. (WER HGH UI SRA (AEA EECS & CS She SEI. HE FEE ENA ACM FEV. KPA READE T ACM #1 CRA ft tH HRI Eo TEAASEA, Patterson SF T RISC 1 MRTSI, RA — ARIS RAH AL, TFA JER SPARC AAA ASER, HIER TTR MES (RAID) HANIA HA, RAID HAR PASAT TRE AR. MhwSiT CM (NOW) WA, BHA Al FERAL I GTRREA, BSS TORAH. RHA RE TS ACM BEECH. ft TES ESE LA I — BURR ~ A, TALIA AT EPA AC SEES AT SG RE. AMP SE IEET ATT REAL AE IA, CACHE REI A Be BERL, Kas BS SEC A AF OT MEL AP fed. ASPIRE, 39 fH FPA SSE 6 BEF AE BD 2 A EE BA FAG PARAS EP HERE URE John L. Hennessy SEACH RSET HERE, {HSK 1977 SEE A FSA RR Hennessy 2 ACM AI IEEE 2+, HA TABEMA. BRPCEBER, RACK SAHEBEBEL. (HBAS TB, He aH: DA At RISC AY THR ARTE AY 2001 4E ACM Eckert- Mauchly %, 2001 4 Seymour Cray HSEBL-BE, 15 Patterson 54% T 2000 4F John von Neumann 3. (HiZ6E TETRA FHL. 1981 4E, AW FE MSA SJL ORSEAE TP RAT MIPS FE 1984 ESE RT BORA Je, Ah BAKE, Sth SEGRE T MIPS HAOLASE (BUTERY MIPS RAE), BARI TB @XTRTFHT RISC (SAbHEAS. 2006 472, MIPS (a AbEH ARAN T 20 (ZH, IMATE EA ULM RR ALE TRADI LAMA ZEAL. JK, Hennessy SSF T DASH (SERA ARY EARS 8) GA, BRAT THT cache BES Ah ae RUE RSE, FS SEM ATTE FH SRE Po RT RAED SAE LIES, MIDIS ROS FF FA REF. lH & Computer Organization and Design; The Handware/Software Interface HR E: SASH aS i Bh a KGL Bae 1.9 SEGA: Intel Core i7 SEE - ne 1.9.1 SPEC CPU Rftaikab AR 31 tea fa 1.9.2 SPEC sp Rf MALE 1.10 BRS BE 111 ARRANGE [1.12 BSR MRR AH HR BR - 113 $y H2 tS: HAMMER aa 40 21 i 6 2.2 THECOLBEEINERE B 121 eam Ree 6.2.3 OROLEPEIAHER ~ 4 12.2 RAR MARE - 6 2.3.1 Ai RF 1.2.3 dik KR 6 2.3.2 A SPP AR 124 sat ap THe Habe 7 24 ESE TAT ER - 12.5 LAL KAUEA AE 7-25 LESH 1.2.6 iid sade HEHE 7 (2.6 SERRE 2.7 RRS 0 127 AB RK 7 271 fmaR 61 1.2.8 Git CRRA THM - 7 hee a 13 BURRAAT 7 ee emi 4 BEER ATI 10 2.8 HP OUBE ERT PEE 64 . om 28.1 RARSHFAB - 66 41 2Re 282 Kee 67 1.4.2 feat AE 28.3 ARPAMMBT RE -- 69 143 TAR 2.8.4 AM DAMS 70 144 ABSA oe 29 ABER 14.5 iktbit Haut 2.10. MIPS #32 {0,37 BOCA SEAL 1.5 eR RUE fi ae i AS 2.10.1 3242 EMP ee 16 fEfe + 2.10.2 HX FOS AE Hp Hy Fak 76 1.6.1 HAMAR - 2.10.3 MIPS FH RAR 78 1.6.2 HORE - 2.10.4 MESS 79 1.6.3 CPURRAL AE 211 STS: De Bele 1.6.4 deeb HE 2.12 RPT EE + 83 1.6.5 834 CPU AER 2121 ik 1.7 ShPEb 2.12.2 iLtes wW 2123 MARE 212.4 to B+ 2.12.5 3 team 2.12.6 BAIA Java AB FR ere eeree 89 213 B— cee eeee BIE swap #2 2.13.2 sort £8 2.14 Ben Steet - 2.14.1 ASM KT clear 2.14.2 Mat RRclear -- 2.14.3 ARMA clear - 21S RAR: He C ie Ae Java if 2.16 Sefij: ARMv7 (32 (i) HOSE 2.16.1 R 2.16.2 KiRPRAE HR © 2.16.3 ARM é4F& 2.17 Sebi: x86 HOSE. 2.17.1 Intel x86 # Ait 2.17.2 386 FAB Fodk ae Ft BX 2.17.3 x86 SER ARTE 2.17.4 x86 28488 217.5 x86 bb 2.18 Sebi]; ARMv8 (64 {iZ) HOR 2.19 BR SBE 2.20 ARNE + 922.21 ee 2.22 Ha « ” + 105 HIS HHMMHABE 3.1 31e 3.2 mtd AUBRH: 3.3 FRR 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 Hae NE. 3.4.1 Bpik Fk RIAA IE A RBS Qiks RE MIPS #64 Fisk FRE: 3.5.4 MIPS PF 8484 RAI 3.5.6 dbo 3.6 SHER ROAR: FF HT 3.7 Seis x86 > ibI SIMD $F BRT IR IB: FEST AE PR © 9 BRS BE 10 ARRAN 1 GSW Ae De 12 HUE ey 41 ala 4.2 BRT 4.3 RRR - 4.4 — Pf AL SUA 4.4.1 ALU 44) 4.4.2 ZAR) $e iRit 4.4.3 APZRRAS AMER FR 4.5 HK 45.1 GRABS Rib 4.5.2 RRR Re 4.5.3 AAR HEE A de 4.6 Bit AR SUCH Bit BS Hl 4.6.1 BR ROY KR 200 4.6.2 RRA oo 203 4.7 MRA: Re SRR 206 4.8 Stl 4B RP RRR crore 4.8.2 HEARS LER 4.8.3 HAa x Him - 4.8.4 KR 8 © 4.9 HB 4.9.1 MIPS th R25 4? OE 215 + 216 = 4.10.2 BS SLADE 4.10.3 HSSRHRES 410.4 ERAS HARK 11 32]; ARM Cortex-A8 #l + 231 + 233 - Intel Core i7 Hi7kK HE ~ 4.11.1 ARM Cortex-A8 4.11.2 Intel Core i7 920. + 236 4.11.3 Intel Core i7 920 #18#E ++ 238 4.12 GBF: OMIT MRE: MRE FARE ETEK AE BHU RES HARA BI BRS RB ARR FLAG - GAB 84.13 SSH ASEMRRE: FR FREBREAN - 5.1 ale 5.2 PRR 5.2.1 SRAM HAL 5.2.2 DRAMA 256 5.2.3 AA 258 5.2.4 RAS 1.3 cache fH HAS EE 5.3.1 cache Hi] + 5.3.2. cache Sk % AL 5.3.3 BARRE 5.3.4 —A cache HIF: AR FastMATH 3032 - 5.3.5 heb a 5. 5. a 5 MFP RARE ARK 4 cache PEREINIR(R MIME 5.4.1 Bt RRELHBAARAY cache SA +++ Az cache P R-AK 5.4.2 5.4.3 5.4.4 + 275 + 276 ARM $B cache #54) % RRR ME SHILPA EAE se 5.4.5 5.4.6 280 5.5.1 AMHR 5.5.2 91a, Heel mA A RH} (SEC/DED) «+ 284 6 HRADLBL 5.6.1 aaa eH Ee 5.6.2 BARRA (a) St BL RA 5.6.3 RP AHR RE 7 MEAITERERE 5.7.1 RHAKPER 5.7.2 RAH 5.7.3 248 5.7.4 dotkwadh seh: 5.7.5 Ra say tit B. TLB 4 cache ++ BAA ik BP RAP ARIE TLB 4% Fob H- 5.7.6 5.7.7 5.7.8 8 FREE ECAR HII BAER «+ 309 5.8.1 AM = nara ATR “* FAM2: +TRB—PIR + 310 FAM 3; % cache AB PRM 5.8.4 FR: Babtptoig abe. 5.8.5 3C: ARMA HEB BK BEATA BARA correo 312 5.8.2 5.8.3 5. {RFE BRLAR AS LS HE il AT cache + 5.9.1 —AS fi 4##5 cache - 5.9.2 ARRAS MM 5.9.3 —AS fi B44 cache #4) 5 #5 6.5 RAEI AE ARR AM . SATE 5.10 FHT SAREE: cache 6.6 PATELLA Tc fiy St — BE - 6.6.1 NVIDIA GPU 14 4549 5.10.1 KR-KBMHRAAR -- 318 Pith 5.10.2 BFR 6.6.2 NVIDIA GPU #835 #5 5.11 SPTSTERRR UA: TOR 6.6.3 GPU RB SEAT RIE ~~ 6.7 BE, CoRR RTT SOLACE, 55.12 BRA: KB cache Hs AIRE HEME 6.8 BARIA EH HE MEST 6.9 Bohai: SAR 6.10 Ah SAE RE BL AE AE 5.13 Sci]; ARM Cortex-A8 Ail Intel Core 17 AFR REA UTE ---+ 320 5.14 GATHER: cache SAE EE BUM 6.10.1 HARA 5.15 BRA BE 6.10.2 Roofline #4! 5.16 AHA - 6.10.3 FAR Opteron 44 HA 6.11 Sebi): FFP Intel Core i7 960 A NVIDIA Tesla GPU ft Roofline = pei BU op oo De Death 6.12 iAH. ZAHER FRE BRAMBE ANE 5.17 RW AE BE 5.18 BE + FB WL ALE BE AB ILM. SPIM {i R#8 ~~ 6.3.4 ES SRT RH WRB BwkitBa abe . 6.4 BER | 361 | Computer Organization and Design: ‘The Hardware/Sofware Interface HRA SER BAFAARAA HATERS ELEN AHFEAATAR OAS, ——Affred North Whitehead, (An Introduction to Mathematics) , 1911 1.10518 KOMEAG! ERRXMAMSSAKR-BAECAMSHHA RRMA ETE SOR, REMAMAD. ERAT, BIL, HARARE BART AO, SO ILE FSR AMAA 10%, ERR EAMES, RAWBFE BSASRREDTD. KPFT AM RE. EH 304, OT HE SIAHAP WE ORM AOL, ALC ES OR OL. FAT ALEL A 20 tt2e 40 AE MABE IR, LOL RTTERITE PRT ART ES. Riz A HE LA Ht FEL LB BE A, BB ZA FRAT FA BE AE — EP BET IE — BS HEBER. AR— TP, COP ALE HS Wn fat 2 ——4E EAP AES, ORE IESE, GBA SEM BLE BCA —§ Pes EA AB AE I PEA OR AAT A RL oe. Ce ari BT, HPS LAE TAS 8 = BC taf A. fe BE MEAR EH AUK, ATTAIN AS AAR, BERBER T SR AIA WA. REA—MPERROM AL, MHRA ARABS MLR, KARR AK eos, tenes ATA AOL th — FE Fal A HEE. EAT SAR ARR 10 4, HE SOL AY He LI SH HN 10 io RAM FRSA TH MAREE T . GM, FIRS ME “TE POET" © FRG He, FE 20 tHE 80 AE 1A AE I aE AO HER AOS AES, PREM ELELRA AM, MOK, HTH NE RAL, FR TAO LAGHET CR, BR TIS, CEE, SR os PARMAR AML T AMT RT FE RT 5 Fh: EMMA AMAR RRSEER—KU EM AD HA FOL, HIEMULE PERERA TOT ABT a ea? ARAB RA: VAWTFAF UE RC ALSH TA SSE BS FFF AST LER A OS LIZ RIC. HE LAMY 1S ~25 SEB, PPT HAUL Ha OPA EAE 10 ~ 100 fi. BAHT OL BLOT UTES FE, MATAR SERS, FPR IAT BS. FRA: CRMEABB LG, TEM MATE, MRED M OST RMA. CHEM, COMNT eo A ARAL. BRA: BRET AE BRAD AN OY ELF 5 LSE Af A BR Ak, THREE. SK, MRAM, SATE ET RET. SLITS SL, HH} PUBLBEAR Hite LP RO BEAL So 0 BP a 2 A 0 BRT VA BE LAA OE, HEMET A OULE RAHA MEN . SRA EATERIES LARK, HM BVRK, ARAL AKAM BME 1.1.1 HAMAMPRR AE SS ER HBF LAPEER DT — AS AS (SL 1.4 AILS), REAM A EAS ORT OR, RAE. BE FEMUR, HSEOLE SHELF SAR AAHBHL (Personal Computer, PC) thi IY ASTAMIDS, AT AER LES FEARED © TAT SOUERIA EE ATL HR OE BLEP HO HERE, OPHIR, AIT AS IE. IS ECAR AY 35 OE, EET SR. > PAB: MTPARA HHH, PPOSRULRS, ste RF. ARS (server) MATAR AA MAL SUE, Aes ill. MR ARH FARBUES , ATTRA CPE BRT RMN), HT Dh A Pa ACHE AML Web HRI 5. RLM RE WARTIME (LECH ERR RIE). IRE AEE TFS 9 GE A a «RA A A i HE AR TH PLAN, 1 A OE THE, FEGHAN 1/0 AEDs 5 SHLAA F.-Y ARAB EMD ARO A He SA PLR BAC OT Be, AMM 86 JR AT AY SE 2 MSS: ATASMPBAARRAHH IM, AEUSPMP HEM, HAM Asa, PRIS ADAM OY As Aa ALA a BAER SM TET PE, AF SE AURAL ALE 1000 ETE, ARF SONAR ANUS 9 LRA PT LY Web ARI CL 6.10 45). PUWERS EP NRA LAL (supercomputer) , —ALE RA LT Ab BABA, AAR terabyte 2, SLOP PT HEE MLR. CNERAT MASALA, RAB HL, CURR, RAT FA tA, RR RT AN RET Bes AT Fi, WAR EAT R BRS BART BBS), CORE ROL BBE LE LAI D> RAHM: LARDLARH RAM -RUHM, —KARLARSS, GRUERKT BREW. D> terabyte: ARM BE TB, ALLAH 1099511627776 (2°) FH, 127 HAE Aa 8h 4 RAAF HE HZ XH 1000 000 000000 (10") FH. ATMRRA, RM KIB tebibyte (TB) AIF, Hh terabyte HOFF, W1-1L AAT TRA HHMHAB HEB Kilobytes [ KB | 10 | kibibyte 2° 29% ‘megabyte | MB | 10° | mebibyte | MiB | 2 3% gigabyte [GB | 10° | giityte [GiB [2 1% terabyte | TB | 10" | tebibye | TB | 2” 10% peubyte | PB | 10" | pebibyte | PiB_| 2° | 13% exabyte | EB | 10" | exbibyte | GiB | 2° | 15% zettabyte | ZB | 10" | zebibyte | ziB | 2” | 18% yottabyie | YB | 10" | yobibye | vip | 2” [21% P-L shh A — 4 — a de ER 25 LOS BIE. Ha — Steam T ERIE HULA PEAR ERC. ZELA bit Amy, SERRATE, Palit gigabit (Gb) FEO’ bit, ii gigibit (Gib) fb 2”bit HIRRRSBRK 3 BARB (embedded computer) LBAMRAW AURAL, OA AER +a TZ, LAGI ALBEE 1S GR BS LA Be PAD BS A A A AR it A RIE TA — 1 PRA SAR, OF Ba A PER SMART. Alt, RRA ALORA, BR ARS AP VORA RR Bf THE He BT BL D KAA HM: KRAMARLS PHUTEM, —RETRMELH-+RE-MEABF Ue 8 — 100 FN a RR AR Fa ET A RA PS. RAE RE, BE AAG SOT A RA AE, PRILOSEC Ap BRT AA AY ERS, HFA RA GE (FM, HERA ER A A), tT SPARE BA (PIM, CMARGIA A), PACHA SCT ROL Ra BRE ABR. THB PATA EEL (ASE AE) — ARLE TAY AHO AK GY SE $F HF PST RIERA TIE HEH, TEA RAR ARAB, RAAT PEARS BE GIRL 7 FE BR TT RK RK. ROHS ACE AHS LL, KS HRSA A A ERS FRA iF. (WM AP PHRRLER PH -ARE, SRARHRE TERA RH ABABA Bo TCFFRAESASHS], SLABS TRAMHRS TORR RH. HSKARKSSRARZAR. LESRAAA RA BRET (w Verilog K VHDL, L#48) #RHALBSRA, CRARTHRSCHHS HRA SLRRER BERGA EL. 1.1.2 3RiQsREV PC Bt FRA ASE SERED FUER TO ERE, A Ma AR Te TR. $8 30 ERI FF Wes th BLAIS AH SE BLL Mb AF 9 EL PE, FRAT BM A — RE BURA. (CF PC AYES AB BIZ (Personal Mobile Device, PMD). PMD a Ha yh HEHE, AA AE RE, ON RAIL RIC. Fa Sb, 49 PC —FE, PMD BY FRR IE (App) 3¢HE¢7i2 77. 45 PC AIAIAVAE, PMD AAPA REALAIALR, TITRA IB HE Ac 44H PMD BLUE 8 EF PLP AB, TTP ACAY PMD FY fe OHH ORBEA 1-2 Hs TP A NS EE LAG PC Af EF LH HE A RT HL D> PAGES: ARGH EY BARES. PMD HRBRY, hit FR App HFA RRR, Hef pete FH & AK 6 PMD, BiH (cloud computing) HALTER AMR, CATA RAAT IEA (Ware- house Scale Computer, WSC) ff) i @) 848 42.0», {@ Amazon fl Google ix FRAY A Fl] HET 100 00047 ARI #EHY WSC, —2E/0 A] AT LALA — 8b 4b PMD HEARS, MAAC ME WSC. 955, 45 PMD #1 WSC 52 EET Wh 9 GAS LL, MEL ze it AE Se BA a A BB SS (Software as a Service, SaaS) FLAC TRAM Ar. MOAT A HE PMD Zs biz fT SERA — AB SP. D> KH: AABEREMFUAMF SRY, —LCSHREAMFRHAAAKE HM BB. 2 HLF ARERR: EA LANG OS RAR HB, HEAT A AMP RAL A IRE BAHAR MNRG, MRM EST AAT P HOMES VADER EM FBLA. RAUHAFA Web RKMHERMB, 1400 1200 soon POL ORE AD . Do ie i PC 7S BELA 0 "Fs ° "5007 "3008 "2009" 2010" 2011” 2012" P12 RARE PLA AE ELS PC Fate He FLAMERS HL, PAH Ba AY HE FOLIC eee PC mt Re PREF ALERT FLT aL MH HAR, FEELAE 2011 Seat T PC AHR. PCH AHR Beth, 2012 FEA PALL Az 2011 SEYBIAR. PC AIMEE PLINY HERES AIEEE BE PE 1.1.3 PREM ABBA ROTARY BEF BR AS JE FE HOR FB HE, DL 9 LFS A BA SC SE A BE. TE 20 HEATER, MRR HES HE AE BBS RFE A DTT ST A FRIAS VUES FE, DIRE ANTE. TE BAR, HALA FERAL TREE. RTRARRRU, KARIM HAE R AAD T 0 BUTE, ALGER ATELY A eB ANH, 20 thh2e 60 AE AR AY fal MEF ER A SL FE, BUTTS BLY REE Eb BL AE HSE AT HEA FECES Fah, TA BA GE A I TE, PMD RR EEF A, BERTRAM FRSA (1.7 4). A J, fe EAI T OAT AMEN, ZBI HIE ALAL RA UREA OL ORI EI, AREAL 2S CL ACB A MRA BZ IG, RUTHIE, OOH HEE IF mA LE: FAY Be Java a eG 5 8B a A RO a AGS? BP A BA 2 (Se AL I © ARES ET, LCP IO SE LE SE IES ME? ROM PE PS BEA «RLU T BUR AIHENE? RAY UNO A HEBER HEE? SASS aR a ‘BRP ENA DUE BEI. HS BRIERE BON HS DLIBE BT AS COED SBA BR A HATH. HEADER TT ORBLE AAP GHEE HE? ABE SP EBL HTS LRT MEA EAE. A POA AS BER FY BRA BY ER 111 19 5 — ACE WBA (Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach) , BRAT AT BAAR Cf Za CR ER tbs AEE ARM ATTEN? SOMERS RIE 202 ASM AL TERE HEMMER 5 HEPAT AS ASAT A EE OL Hl, PT AC SANE BE ( mul- ticore microprocessor) (SL35 6 3). © 1951 SERIA — Fa TTT LIE Re, FPL TT He AE AH A HT {RHR LER? D> FRARBS: A-KEROBEASSARER (“Ht”) HMLBS, AOE ATE: SE FL, ABA BEE BUCH PL LET EERE, RABE AS ALT SL PAPE ORES — TRAN SARE, ARE RATE ABE BHANLHHRS REE RITHM. EMAT A MEARS EM, Hei io PLETE, DANTE OHHERE SINE. EIBSMAT SEALE CUT AOLAR AEH FRA) , IERIE T HSH. CAMA MILEL, RAHA SHORE RA HM MA MMH LR Wi. (ARAL, CRUE, PHS ARS SA, CAT eT He a HIRT AOL AERRHERE. Ob, HRMRITAR (ARTES) BRAS eR (acronym), —FLRM TEPER A, MRA DBT . WT A BM IZ BE ASAE, CE ARTIS — CH BOL, FR AT) Se Pe HY A A ELS SL Be Me AS OT BE fh, Wt 2A OF STEW Oe FH HE RB AY 48S, fF tn BIOS, CPU, DIMM, DRAM, PCle, SATABE ZIBB. > FPR. HEH EDI HSA ne Ho PHA, ee RAM AMAIA #rtit & (Random Access Memory) 4) 449%], CPU A ‘Pp RALIZ*A (Central Process Unit) 4 He 79), aT IMS IA AEA RS Pi FF A ES, RATT EPEAT RE JRHERE” , PRP ERE MUELLER. FRE —T. OD) SMER —FEFHEEMATUTAB ROMS: BRAEMAR, BK RLEFHHE ERNE OKE RK, TAMAS (Thee 0 Ri) ARE, TRAST RH Rte TY mE EY RRR TR se to ba otk Bes T SR CHAN 0 fA Se Sets RE MATRA RATS iE TA SR MLA NE CAT PEA Bit 2, 38 SELES AEF dee TiS maT 4, 5, OR VO Ri (BAP RIE RHE) ee T 1/0 SRE RT fe TRB 4, 5. 68 Fa TBA ASAP AY ARATE, TERESI PX ER — TE SP TAY C AE BEAT TERE OAL AE — Ab AB AT DA HB BNR AT TSAR LA Oh Sf HE FE HE FG 200 487 © ES 3 HAAR AT ABS, (FHC G8 SA OT FATEH MERE RY 3. 8 185. © ERA IRA AT EBSD, UL ERIE AES AA RAT Ae aL A AT RE HE NE 4205 2.3 1. © CESS TAY Ath RAC AB SY, (UPL LAE cache 8 A 2 NE Pe Ab BE AE POC HE PG 2.5 fio 6 RiF © TER 6 TN RAM HATERS, 2 OpenMP PAR MR AT RA AS OR HE BE BK HEH 14 fi O) ae “NUR” HAE ABE PA A CE AE TA, Le LE TI WA. ERAN, PAA AMER, AME TAATIC. ASMA ERT PEALE, A MMe EAR BL, GCA AL REAR OP A BE 5G AE, UT LB we. 1. RAE HA Sh eb Sa 1 FH Bc Be AL PC Ab AE BE AB Jer PC Ab CH. HE A WAI, MERRIE RMB? WAAR MIKA RAMA, ESP LTT A 2 (A SCARE AAT Ef? 2 NIE, RP ABER ELE TERE. AS TET BF ERE © eA © SRL i aE ELE ° RRR © Abe © VO RRR 1.2 HAMAR Ss MAB BLES A OLR MESES: 60 SEAT SL OLR EHH MY 8 MPAA. EE EEE AFA, VAP ERT Ea LFA EAU HE LZ AAR i], BT EB A lB AREA, REBAR AEAMERE YT. AT RAE, AW RT ea UA BSE GHATS, PEARY SERS HG oH WE TE ATE 100 YK 1.2.1 HRBRE RMIT FERC BL Ht 44 i — PA HTL ELE AR FER ( Moore’ Law) SK BH AEE. BRAK ae RH CPUS HE AS RISE 18 ~24 AE RARE Intel 27] ON AZ — Gordon Moore 4 1965 4:5} ALE BASE USE MAH ETI oka FLAT BELA el, Le AE SRL, PCRS Hr AOE LEAR FLT FP A SE BNA. (RAPT BES BF — TROT ALAM ERT TCE, ARIE eT 1.2.2 AMR M LI FELLER HUT AEF A Be RP LE AS, TL 1 EE PEREIRURR ARSE AIS. BERGE AU AE POR BE BEE AZ — FR AR (abstraction) He4 AAAMRHAK, EMEKP ERA KN, RABBIT BON. 1.2.3 MBARE RH BARB (common case fast) TCL OEE EERE TERE. ABE EC AASB AE TE AL, SATIS PHI CASE SILI ROR REL a Hp BELL SE HE BS AER, BRAM STPAA REA (01.6 99). AT DARIN He ER AR BEA, FR WHOL FA De EA A IE Ne IE 0 HARMESRK 7 1.2.4 iaDtHTHR TERE SAGES EAE TF Os, TSE OLLIE PF LET TR RA EE. EAR PH SR BLE SFATHERE (parallel performance) fff. 1.2.5 ianhitzk ede TERE EN AURRE IH, MERIT GRRL TAR (pipelining). Mi DAB IT BRR TERMI AR, TET DT AE BLS Be — EBA” RR kK $7] BR ATTA — BRL ACHAT BEA AAC OK EG EAS, DAR EAE ABE LPR. AT VE KBR M— RAKE, HBR TKR. 1.2.6 iB Rime TERE SAUER “ORD EVER MIR RR” , HG — “ME AM BABE TAR (prediction), EH PEHAEL TS , AU SPABL RE MAAR BALIN 52 AT AR YAS EL A A HT BS, SE CREAT FE RGAE RE, BE eT) UR MOE I AH he ER 1.2.7 FRR ER EF A 2 a OE a HP Rd TPP A BENNO a TERE OY, PACE A Aree AI te, A OL. BTA] BAT GAB BR (hierarchy of memory) APR KH A AAR. FETE HR He, HSER. ARLE) SE EAL OPN HELEN ENO FEAR RAS FU, TR EN. ARK EL ADT RE SEE EL A FFA BES FIR CESS S REG Se eB, BATE Aa BY AE DS a WHE THLE Be SE OR ek AY A ELE 0 AT A BPR AR — PE EY = A JE, BOOARAR BUS. OA AEHE: RG, ERR OT: RR SEE BK, FARK, 1.2.8 jSD RH TE HOMAGE RR, GR LAAT. HFA — Tae EO AT FER, ACT VA LARA TCA ABE ODT RE GREAT EAE (dependable) , TEABBE AT LAB RAR AR EIE AT DLE KONRAD LAE SCE A TSE, AB S| SAE ea LA OE I, TE A> EH TL aL SE 0A LT CE A a, 8 AE LB CUHER, A TIPALITARHE. ) 1.3 RRA BOR, GABRAREE, RNAAMARA; CMARHARE OEE Hh ZHOs, — BA ta, (FOE), 1569 ASR AY BL RRA , HOF Seb SNE AE PE BE, AT SECT TS, ARR BRAKE IC LE TE SL At AO SPIT TALL, EAT. EA SF Bh PY A AO > SA SLI 9 1 FER FB 00 PH BEL IL AIA Dek ORGS A Fe HP TAT SOLES, RAT LE AAR — 7 BF 0 PA 1-3 5th TMC AUC, Sh RAE IH SE, PLE BEE, BERLE (systems software) fir WAZ. D> AR: RAR, CSTR ERR BEBE PREPARES RMA RE HS TRA BUT RL RRA: BERRY. BRIER BE (operating system) Je FP BEF AMBRE a] AEH, FPR LIS AMER. MERON TCO oes 5 myeamernauaK eRe, He te: SHEA RLO Ray, BOA © Ab SH AE AS HSA IS HH BRE FEARUCHE TE Rb. eR © SRSA EE. AMP, Ba EES Da © WEALTH FOL IER BS. eee ane eae MAR LOUTH A RE RE AEBEAT Linux, iOS peroneal Windows... DRE TERRES D RRR: ATRAFLHHAH IML TE ELH EMER BEBE, SEE (compiler) Téa A5}—MG RINE: LABIA (WUC. C+ +, Java ah Vis- ual Basic ) HS AEF ARTE UT HES. KTM RSA, ELH TET SEI, 2 BEAU A HERA SHA. DRA, HIS ME A it PU MH BEE SMe EHR RAT, AMBRE SMR. MFR OR, RSE “i” A “” . FA, SEL 2 PPAR AA. TEMS 26 PEG SDAA, BUN 2TFESS WAZ. AAP ARES EO AL, RATE MUS RL RAH HA. EP FARE KE OS — PEE (binary digit) BR—f% (bit). +f FOIA FRAT >, BULA HES (instruction) . HS EAE BTR LIFT HOLE, ATS. tn, ALE 1000110010100000 BURT SLUNG 2 SBCATIN . SS 2 RAED tt CF TAA TRS AEE. PRATT AE SHA BS 2 BEL ARAN Ze , (ELAR FSS BE AERA SM ean EET SEL AER D> SHE: LAA, RHA HKRFPHOKRI, CAHPLMKAMRAE DFAS TAU MEA SACRE Be BL OT — SL TY, BEE SRA BELA AAT BRAT WI, UA ER DIE TR — va, SIR PGB. MTR ARR TAHIR BM (assembler) MK, LEMAR HOADRERM MN. AlN, BRAS E HERMES RK 9 add A.B AC Sa EEF ES ER 1000110010100000 GHOST A UE A AB PRI. KAS RW AROA BOE, MICA (as- sembly language) . Ti OLE37T LA S814 — UE ALALERIB A (machine language) . > LRA: HES HMLAGAGERAR ABABA LRET: AMREBARTHMEES, D> MBBS: D~ARMAVARTFHNSU. FIRB —T EATERS, ALICE Be IR SPER EOL RA Be Se HT Sk BRASS He. RR RE AS BOLT BARES, BORE RR HHU-RBS TGR ELF 0S — BEEF HG Te BE RABY PD RH LG SL PRK. BRRBIBA (high-level programming language) KI EEIE AAR TB AEP, A -4 RANT REE ARB ZAM KR, REMRHA-TAF. e ORE swap(int v{J, int k) CCT tint temp; temp = vik]: vCk] = vEk+1]; vEk+1] = temp: } ae Cae 7 Aaa EEE swap: (MIPSHES ID multi $2, $5.4 add $2, $4.82 Iw $15, 0($2) dw $16, 4($2) sw $16, 0($2) sw $15, 4($2) dir $31 =teeLaz — 00000000101000100000000100011000 wera 00000000100000100001000000100001 campsii4s) 10001101111000100000000000000000 10001110000100100000000000000100 10101110000100100000000000000000 10101101111000100000000000000100 00000011111000000000000000001000 FA 1-4 CRIP SR WIRE BY, FCA eet ULAR I. RHO a RE UE A BL BELA, (SCRE “OLA GH, EL BET AE UE AOOL ARI. BETA AULA PIE AY REP HE LES 2 EDEMA of Gis} 10 RLF D> BMRBBT: we C, C+ +, Java, Visual Basic FT HOES, ee PIA OR MH FMR, TUE SRA IL IE aE RI OA BFE DA AT LS eG DR a BIAS Ate SER P ASSEN FIL Bai HB Ay add A.B a, ICAO GE PE ae, ARLE MR A BB AAT. UD RRR ALR IL ae. i, RE AE RS, SE PUREE SAR, TE RINE ERS AEE (ULI-4). EL, CATAL Be FUME. PM, Fortran WBE LEY, Cobol Jey Ri We BHM TERETE AY, Lisp Xe NESE BIT, FA. AE RINT, FORD AREY, ME ELA FRAAS. WS, GBA REI T BRA DR PO AO EF Be A A BCH SB 2 a BEE Si, UATE TE, RATER DA SEI — MTA HEAL SR A ABH. BS, RGB WS BE TE FT Lt, Pe ae REE A FF RTE Ri a IF PERETTI EHS >. RRR eh, ACL ASK IZ. 1.4 BARSAT PATE Be LAT EIR TLE, EA RAH HT PLA ES HE HEA — BAL SER ABE 5 ATA SEA AE: A, hE A AEB. AT SER AT ESERIES RAE TIER 4 HUES. ATEAA ASA, BA A” AMR, HBEAMH AICI. & BASH 10 SAIL, RAUL, BPRS se A SY. FE BESS TABATA. HALON EMTAIR A (input device) AUTH RA (output device) , H/MAE TE PEAR AB, WF BAR HH BL AON OLR ORE, ART AREA. IR FRM FL EAL RAL. > MARS: ATFMRATAORE, thts. D> MHS: HPPA ASAP (WLS) AHH HMA L, FS RANTS 6 BOREAS 1/0 the, CAL SH EB 1/0 Bh te FE he eS HE LB ik — Sea ARHISNE Oh BA ARTHAS BABE RA, AR, A (A HB) PEAS, REREAD AAPSKARER, ASKART —SHHM RE AR RAR SRERKAA, REE MT HA (APRRENBRAEA) EMH FS HL. HT REAM -HAHAR, RIESE ABH kB HIMME SBR i PALS RT LAY S TRUDE. AEH ES AE aE HAS BI AEE, AEE ES AE BR SRL ABE PTFE PE , ESL AR LEB. TERE. A RT ARE OS 1.4.1 Bre BRAM VO REMEBER RET. KERTAB AR GARBER (Liquid Crystal Display, LCD) ARA4ET5. (ROPE MS BR. LCD HAR IGIR, HALE HH EAD TEA. SLAG KY LCD PX Se AR WASTE F PATE LAH MER, FAL HH Oe BAN a GY HER BR ROR. SH, MOORES, WARS, HARARE AOA Z TB FETA, MRE ANS wh I HR AS SLE 4 (LEAS HE A HF ATR LF MEOIRAS, TPA SHEA ELAS 90°, TEAGUE REE NaH, TE ARLSRAG; TH YGMBEM, KRATS A, CRAB MWRE.) FR, KBIRLCD BARBRA AIEREBA (active matrix display) HAR, HE MRH (pixel) Abd —P aT AIOE LH, ERO. ER A LCD, ATL - R- RES GEDA, ET RTE 3 Hata TK. D> RAL, LAR-HLEBRK, MRKRSWRZHP ERAS CREMAA EAR He Hit 0 D> HAHELA: —HRHLERAR, RARKECMEMRALAAH HH, D> RE: RARER DEA, RRO RTL OKIE I ho ALTEWLE TE, AHAMATARTEME PHL, ABH DAS TNF HY, RARAGAREALO RAM, CHAT HATER ERH AMAR, —Iwan Sutherland, 4 H+ B45 2X, ¢ Scientific American) , 1984 oF 2 HL FAR HGR ERE, ATLL Aer RUE APE, RACE (bit map). ERT ASTAL AY SF PERT BAP BER, SRR RE A SF EAA AC /INT LI SK 1 024 x 768 38) 2.048 x 1536. BHA AS ARAB SIE (40, BAK), MORAL 24 (em, TR TAY Bits. HOLE ER ACH BR PK SBR EE EK) ORR AES. BE GA AY PEAS ERP LE LE EK Of TAR 9 — UE Hi LI BL AEE HB AL A. FAL -6 Sa TP FEL 4 {i0-Be AGRE 1 ACT HER OK esa JEMHTHCRT A ARE ¥%+— % t T % % xX PH 1-6 Ze OUMR AEH he eae T-ASE CRT MBAR HP ARIIUAE ROE DRIBE. ORI (Xs Yo) PRPREAELAE O01, ACFIRR (A, ¥,) AVPRBEMEL, Ct, ¥,) AYPRBEAHEAE 1101 BEF PANY BASH TE ERE EAT a AE A EL SAG VARGA 5 TALE AE HEAR 1.4.2 AaseRR PC fF LCD, Jee PC: anf 4 FA BB A Fe i OR PL ANT BA BUR, A BURP RTT, FPA RRR AAS, ANGE Bh AARE TT RIS DT SE, UPA AR FD AER SH bE IR SEAT , AOE ERASER, ARES, PR Be A, ETT PRO NTAEL. BOR DAR ICTT FLEAS Tk, ASE EEF 1.4.3 FFB FAL 1-7 Stith T Apple iPad 2 FARAH ALARA. AREA HH, ZETA TASER HE HY 1/0 KG ERS. iPad 2 fH) 1/0 we sh— Pee AHEM S fink LCD, BRR. Ja BGS: ZESEIL, TROLAL. BaP INT. BEAR. Wik Fi US AL . SRE SA. EMA SR AUFE HESS R 1B) — BBY. FA 1-8 PIM TF TEESE FARE (integrated circuit) , fPFFASH (chip). Fe ubanA AS HY ASH Ah TY GHz ff) ARM AbS8SE, AL EH OL PBS. EPO FREE TRO ae TT, HERA ARLA, DURA, SSA IR Ae A RE er SA 1/0 Be fa aE, BH. AIM, AA TEALER ARES ch RANIB MF (central processor unit) , fi CPU. RRB: LIGA, PHILP EL GAPE ERRA MES, PRABSEL: UHRBE, RRA HPMPREKMHD, COMER HE S, ARPA, MRR, HRS RA ATR VO REA F. vu Apple iPad? A1395 S94 R. PLZ iPad HSRAK (POLAR Apple FS), MBAR SHE BARALCD. RHRZI.8V, SW -hORAMRM, CMALRERTRME, AL tte 10 ‘bat. RARE LO AERA LOSE. ESRARAROLBFART RNR MT Ril. CNESRAACTRRSU. SL OHH. B1-8 SKTRHSARAA TRL OBOE SERNEGAR, LMALBSWNFES, RIMM LGRPASTRAARB AME. BD Whi, ET ABABES, CUMMESSERAT ANAT. HRELBBAA-—TLS Bt. CRABRRAF. QERRL, HUMLALAN. HAG LABRET RITA SK. Za SRLANGA/ RERAREKA. Mit MES iPad TAS 6 aS 2. FUMITRESRERK. HAA PHELSHRPORAF. RAHARERERE RA BR PERAK. BRABMSAFZANRRRES SEMA OMS (iFixt RE ww. ifixit. com) -8 B1-7 Apple iPad 2 HBRER. PRAT 5S RMR. PAA IC B Apple 45 HH, ST —TER IGH: YL ARM 25835 A SI2MB YEA. 1-19 BAS PHBE HR Hh. AA MEMES 32CB MERRENAROH. BREAZEHSA TLR oR AMBRT R iPad WEBER. A AUNSHASTRREAM VO BAGH (iFixit RH www. ifixit. com) AH-FRRAH, B1-9 RKT-AALBAHARAD. CREAR EMEATE SEM: BURMA. SRE SEALS ARR. SRR (datapath) RHE REAZR, BAB (conol) KG PREM, HMB LO RERRE TES ERR 4 vo 4 RH SPAR AER EAS KBES: RELBSPRTLARHHRD BAS: KPSPRBAFONSHERBAR, FES VORSHRZ.

You might also like