OTHER TYPES OF MEMORY

a) VRAM (Video RAM) – It is very fast type of DRAM. It is used to store display images for the monitor.
The data can be both written to and read from at the same time to this memory.
b) WRAM (Window RAM) – It is also a type of VRAM developed by Samsung Company but it is faster
than VRAM.
c) FLASH MEMORY – It is a special type of EEPROM that can be erased and reprogrammed. A Flash
memory uses both technology of RAM and ROM. We can change & update any information on this
memory. It can also store data permanently like Pen-drive, memory chips, memory card.
TROUBLE SHOOTING OF RAM
If RAM is failure then,
 Computer maximum hangs.
 Computer maximum restarts.
 Computer maximum hangs & message is displayed on the blue screen with white text like as “If this is
the first time ………..being dump of Physical memory.”
 Continuous long beep sound.
 No display at last.
CAUSES OF FAILURE OF RAM
 Improper installation.
 Overheating – If the program is run for a long time on less than recommended memory size.
 Sudden power off.
 Voltage fluctuation.
HOW TO SEE THE SIZE OF RAM
 Right click on My Computer.
 Click on PROPERTIES option
OR
 Click on START menu on Task bar.
 Click on RUN option.
 Type “dxdiag”
 Click on YES button.
OR
 Click on START menu.
 Click on PROGRA
 M.
 Click on ACCESSORIES.
 Click on SYSTEM TOOLS.
 Click on SYSTEM INFORMATION.

VIRTUAL MEMORY (Page/File Memory)

VIRTUAL MEMORY means space of hard disk but treats as RAM (Volatile memory).
 Non actual memory but it works like RAM.
 It is created by the Operating System on the system root drive (usually that drive/partition)
tat contains the Operating System.
 It can also be created on the other drives.
 Usually it is created 1.5 to 3 times of RAM size and 20% of the hard disk drive space.
TO CONFIGURE OR TO SEE VIRTUAL MEMORY
 Right click on MY COMPUTER.
 Click on PROPERTIES.
 Click on ADVANCED tab.
 Click on SETTING button from the PERFORMANCE option.
 Click on ADVANCED tab.
 Click on CHANGE button.
 Change the maximum size as per your requirement.
But don’t change the Initial size.
Note: Increasing it too much and for a long time is not good. Increasing RAM is better.
 Click on SET button.
 Click on OK.

1
ROM (READ ONLY MEMORY)
ROM stands for READ ONLY MEMORY. That means, in ROM memory, we can’t write
anything. This memory is also used as primary memory of the Computer. This is non volatile memory. It
stores the Startup necessary information to start the system. The contents inside the ROM, is fed by
manufacturer. This memory is also called CMOS (COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE
SEMICONDUCTOR).
ROM :-> ROM is the special memory chip that stores the BIOS program.
BIOS :-> BIOS is the collective name of the hundreds of tiny programs that tell your computer everything
from what time it is to what kind of computer it is.
CMOS :-> The CMOS setup utility, stored in the system ROM which enables you to control important
aspects of your PC configuration such as the Boot device sequence and port assignment.
TYPES OF ROM
1) PROM 2) EPROM 3) EEPROM
1) PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory)
This is basically a blank ROM chip that can be written to, but only once, i.e. when the
programming is done, it can’t be changed/edited later again.
2) EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)
In this type of ROM, we can update programming with the help of ultra violet rays. During this
process, the chip must be removed from the mother board.
1) EEPROM (Electrically or Electronically Erasable Programmable ROM)
In this type of ROM, any information can be updated with the help of electricity by using machine
level language. We can change or update any information as per our need. Modern system uses this type of
ROM.