You need to mix red and yellow paint in the ratio 1; 2. Colour Mixing Guide Miss Lee, what is the ratio of red and yellow paint I need to make orange paint? @ Finding Ratios oe ie Gea @© Equivalent Ratios Peel Lan cy “ © Comparing Three Quantities Pee ny © Solving Word Problems Cle( i, Finding Ratios A Using ratios to compare two quantities Before you learn ... There are 12 apples and 3 oranges. How many times as many apples are there as oranges? Use Be torhelp you. There are 2 pens and 3 pencils. jb fh The ratio of the number of pens to the number of pencils is 2 : 3. We read 2:3 as 2 to 3. The ratio of the number of pencils to the number of pens is 3 : 2. We read 3 : 2 as 3 to 2. The ratio of the number of yellow beads to the number of green beads ‘eo The ratio of the number of green beads to the number of yellow beads = Lesson 1 Finding Ratios wDSA @ Anna bought 3 packs of carrots and 4 packs of cucumbers. Bee kA AA ‘The number of items in each pack is the same. Each pack represents one unit. A ratio may not give the actual number of carrots and cucumbers. hk The ratio of the number of carrots to the number of cucumbers is 3 : 4. The ratio of the number of cucumbers to the number of carrots is 4 : 3. vay @ Pe Use ratio to compare quantities. Work in pairs. @ count the number of boys and girls in your class. @ Your partner expresses the quantities as a ratio. e Switch roles. Repeat @ and @ using three other pairs of objects in the classroom. SB Pewee The ratio of the number of packets of grape juice to the number of packets of apple juice is a&F : aS The ratio of the number of packets of apple juice to the number of packets of grape juice is aS SS. ey) Chapter 7 Ratio a = 2 ®:Bs 2 = Luni —" MOO eT TT TT TTT Tunit The ratio of the number of leaves to the number of flowers is ap qa. The ratio of the number of flowers to the number of leaves is [ aS. ©: ee @ Ronald buys 2 kg of chicken and 9 kg of mutton. To compare the masses, they must be in the same unit. However, we do not include the unit in the ratio. The ratio of the mass of chicken to the mass of mutton is 2: 9. The ratio of the mass of mutton to the mass of chicken is 9 : 2. 6 There are 15 € of water in a tank and 8 € of water in a pail. The ratio of the amount of water in the tank to the amount of water in the pals >: >. The ratio of the amount of water in the pail to the amount of water in tetnkis D:D. Lesson Finding Ratios ‘=>The ratio of the length of the eraser to the length of the crayon is 3: 8. The ratio of the length of the crayon to the length of the eraser is 8 : 3. The ratio of the length of the eraser to the total length of the eraser and the crayon is 3: 11. What is the ratio of the length of the crayon to the total length of the eraser and the crayon? RI 6 Find the missing numbers. o-— : Total = (7) units s = Swee @ Jim cut a piece of wood, 24 cm long, into two pieces. The shorter piece was 7 cm long. Find the ratio of the length of the shorter piece to the length of the longer piece. 24m = Goo Tn OC 24-7=17cm The length of the longer piece of wood was 17 cm. The ratio of the length of the shorter piece to the length of the longer piece was 7:17. BS 2 2 ©: Mr Larson had 19 kg of green beans to sell at his vegetable stall. He sold T1kg of green beans. Find the ratio of the mass of green beans sold to the mass of green beans left. —— ris LL kg ? »-@-@s The mass of green beans left was aj kg. The ratio of the mass of green beans sold to the mass of green beans left was a : SS.Finding equivalent ratios Before you learn ... The ratio of the number of Ili to the number of Mis 1: 2. There are 36 cubes altogether. Use flit and fl to show the number of red and blue cubes. Ae @ Nora has 4 apples and 8 pears. e000 66666666 The ratio of the number of apples to the number of pears is 4 : 8. Nora puts the fruits onto trays of 2. The ratio of the number of apples to the number of pears is 2 : 4. Nora then puts the fruits onto trays of 4. The ratio of the number of apples to the number of pears is 1 : 2. 4:8,2:4and1: 2 are equivalent ratios. LI) creme Ratioa oO Find the missing numbers. The ratio of the number of blue counters to the number of red counters eo CAPHOD OD OD ODOD OO COCO) The ratio of the number of blue counters to the number of red counters ‘-o The ratio of the number of blue counters to the number of red counters ‘2 we We can multiply the quantities in a ratio by the same number to find an equivalent ratio. “(Qe aCe We can also find equivalent ratios by expressing ratios in their simplest forms. 2:6 3:9 ( We express ratios in @® ® | GB) their simplest forms by dividing each quantity 1:3) 1:3 : : by a common factor L Ns J J.and 3 do not have a common factor other than 1. \ So, 1: 3 is the simplest form of 2 : 6 and 3 : 9. Lesson 2 Equivalent Ratios WwWork in pairs. @ Count the number of tables and chairs in the classroom. e Your partner expresses the quantities as a ratio in its simplest form. © switch roles. Repeat P and @ using three other pairs of objects in the classroom. Ri 6 Express each ratio in its simplest form. 0 44-9): OD © :8=-():() © 8:32=): OD) © 2:2=):O) a = Ae @ Find the missing number. 2:5=6:? c= B25 a oe a(x 6:15 6:15 The missing number is 15. Find the missing numbers. ° 3:8 © 4:7=12:07) 12: ) © 3:())=48:80 © ():7=128: 224vA © Find the missing number. 15:12=?:4 Ccaz=p Crp 15:12 15:12 aCe ole 5:4 5:4 The missing number is 5. es 2 FR ® Find the missing numbers. oO 6:42 © 25:15=():3 :@ @ WO) sin4:3 © 7:0 )=2:5 ra Relate simplifying fractions and simplifying ratios. 0 Express 4 and 4 : 10 in their simplest forms. 6 Discuss with your partner the similarity between expressing fractions and expressing ratios in their simplest forms.Comparing Three Quantities Using ratios to compare three quantities Before you learn ... Caleb has 12 apples. Susan has 3 mangoes. Roy has 9 pears. Use ye to help you compare the three quantities. Can we express the above as a ratio? Explain. ee @ Zack has 4 baseballs, 6 tennis balls and 8 ping pong balls. SESE ©0000 00000000 The ratio of the number of baseballs to the number of tennis balls to the number of ping pong balls is 4 : 6 : 8. He puts the balls into groups of 2. SESS The ratio of the number of baseballs to the number of tennis balls to the number of ping pong balls is 2 : 3: 4. 4:6:8 We divide the quantities by a common factor to ( a j= express the ratio in its ww 2:3:4 simplest form. J So, 2:3: 4is the simplest form of 4: 6: 8. LI) crore RatioN Gkxxx=azap SP. rayy Laks ferent rots rom wo or tree given ses of objects. Work in groups. Use ips. @ count 8 mand 20 me. @ Write the ratio of the number of green cubes to the number of yellow cubes. 6 Group each set of coloured cubes separately such that there is an equal number of cubes in each group. Write the new ratio. oe Repeat @ to €© using 6 green cubes, 18 blue cubes and 24 yellow cubes. © Find the missing numbers. BEE BE BEEREBEE The ratio of the number of yellow cubes to the number of blue cubes to the number of green cubes is) [) FS. eee BS OS The ratio of the number of yellow cubes to the number of blue cubes to the number of green cubes sop [ &. The ratio in its simplest form is fF [ SS. wer © Express each ratio in its simplest form. © 5:15:20 © 4:18:24Find the missing numbers. 2:3:5=7:12:? = ee og wy) a(S jx 8:12:20 8:12:20 So, 2:3:5=8:12: 20. a 2 Ri 6 Find the missing numbers. © 1:4:5=3:7:? ee @ Find the missing numbers. 18:12:957:7:3 c==p 18:12:9 18:12:9 a( } )@ al & \e 6:4:3 6:4:3 So, 18 :12:9=6:4:3. 4 2 RI 6 Find the missing numbers. © 32:56:16 © (OY): 25=15: 100: 125 320: 56: 16 / Chapter 7 Ratio SSolving Word Problems Solving word problems Before you learn ... A baker sold 64 cupcakes and buns. He sold a total of 30 cupcakes. Use po to find the ratio of the number of cupcakes sold to the number of buns sold. vee (© Joanna had 10 pendants and 4 bracelets. Find the ratio of the number of pendants to the number of bracelets Joanna had. Number of pendants : Number of bracelets 10 : 4 ED ) eD 5 : 2 The ratio of the number of pendants to the number of bracelets Joanna had was 5: 2. es > 2 © Malek baked 12 egg tarts, 15 muffins and 24 cupcakes. Find the ratio of the number of egg tarts to the number of muffins to the number of cupcakes Malek baked. Number of egg tarts : Number of muffins : Number of cupcakes. 12 : 15 : 24 The ratio of the number of egg tarts to the number of muffins to the number of cupcakes Malek baked was QF4 RA (©) There were 57 children in an art club. The ratio of the number of girls to the 4 2 2 ©: number of boys in the club was 1: 2. How many girls were there in the club? cr 3. units = 57 57 unit = 57+3 soys [nn] =19 There were 19 girls in the club. Darren and Shelby ran a total of 1000 m. The ratio of the distance Darren ran to the distance Shelby ran was 1: 4. What was the distance Darren ran? Darren [7] ony | (units = 1000 m Tunit= 1000) (7) -_ The distance Darren ran was Fj m. ' Chapter 7 RatioAe @ Amy had 96 books altogether. She had 60 comic books and the rest were ‘storybooks. © Howmany storybooks did Amy have? © Find the ratio of the number of comic books to the number of storybooks. Express the ratio in its simplest form. What have I gathered from the problem? How many books did Amy have altogether? How many comic books did Amy have? How do I solve it? Tan draw a model. . What do I need to find? I need to find the number of storybooks Amy had. Then, I need to find the ratio of the number of comic books to the number of storybooks. oO 60 2 aS ——— 96 96 — 60 = 36 Amy had 36 storybooks. © Number of, Number of comic books © storybooks 60 : 36 oC we The ratio of the number of comic books to the number of storybooks: was 5 : 3. How can I check my answer? Ican work backwards to check my answer. Lesson 4 Solving Word Problems. ‘E>a j= jz @ Mrs Toh gave her 3 children $900 to share among themselves. Amy received $200, James received $400 and Dennis received the remaining amount. © Howmuch did Dennis receive? © find the ratio of the amount Amy received to the amount James received to the amount Dennis received. Express the ratio in its simplest form. © _ 3200 $400 2 Sa @ (7) - 8200 - s400=() Dennis received qa. © Amount , Amount , = Amount Amy received © James received ' Dennis received > The ratio of the amount Amy received to the amount James received to the amount Dennis received was 4 2 R © Lilian spent $27 and had $18 left. Find the ratio of the money she spent to the total amount of money she had at first. Express the ratio in its simplest form. a 2 = ® Norita mixed 500 ml of cranberry juice, 600 ml of grapefruit juice and 1 ¢ of water to make fruit punch. What was the ratio of cranberry juice to grapefruit juice to water? Express the ratio in its simplest form. LI) rent0e7 Ratio ssARy © Rehna used 4 ¢ of orange juice and some lemonade to make fruit punch. The ratio of the amount of orange juice used to the amount of lemonade used was 2 : 3. Find the amount of lemonade Rehna used. | Method 1 } 4e ——, tevoic [TI ————————— 2 2units=4€ Orange juice : Lemonade aw 4 B 6 The amount of lemonade Rehna used was 6 f. Lesson 4 Solving Word Problems: Eb© There were peach, pear and apple trees in an orchard. The ratio of the number of peach trees to the number of pear trees to the number of apple trees was 3 : 2 : 4. There were 24 peach trees. © Howmany more apple trees were there than pear trees? © How many fruit trees were there altogether in the orchard? © 38units=24 unit =24+3 =8 2 units = 8x2 =16 There were 16 more apple trees than pear trees. © 9sunits=8x9 =72 There were 72 fruit trees altogether in the orchard.a 2 2 Mrs Choo had some flour. She used 800 g of it to make a shortcake and the rest of it to make a loaf of bread. The ratio of the mass of flour used for the shortcake to the mass of flour used for the bread was 4 : 5. How much flour did Mrs Choo use to make the loaf of bread? (>) 4 units = 800 g runt= OGD Mass of flour, Mass of flour used for shortcake " used for bread 4 8 5 = j= 800 : ww Mrs Choo used qa g of flour to make the loaf of bread. aRyr © The number of stamps Don had from Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia were in the ratio 7: 5: 3. He had 45 stamps from Thailand. How many more Malaysian stamps did he have than Indonesian stamps? Lesson 4 Sohing wersProtims\ WEDDey, e ‘Mr Lee spent some of his monthly salary on food and petrol and saved the rest. The ratio of the amount of money spent on food to the amount of money spent on petrol to the amount of money saved was 2:3: 5. The amount Mr Lee saved was $480 more than the amount he spent on petrol. How much money did he save? 2 —, Food = coc! sec He saved $1200.vay @ Solve word problems. a Work in groups. L Station 1 | Read the word problem. Draw a model for the problem. Example Zoe used 125 cm of ribbon to tie a present and had 75 cm of ribbon left. Find the ratio of the length of ribbon she used to the length of the ribbon she had at first. Express the ratio in its simplest form. 2 —_—_— LT 125 cm 75cm (2) Your partner uses your model to solve the problem. 6 Switch roles. Repeat @ and @ with these problems. © Abox contained 56 apples. 18 of the apples were green and the rest were red. Find the ratio of the number of red apples to the number of green apples. Express the ratio in its simplest form. © Stella mixed 300 ml of cranberry juice with 200 ml of water. She then added another 150 ml of water. Find the ratio of the amount of cranberry juice to the amount of water in the end. Express the ratio in its simplest form. @ There are 120 chicken puffs, 200 curry puffs and 160 tuna puffs at a stall. Express the ratio of the number of tuna puffs to the number of chicken puffs to the number of curry puffs in its simplest form. Lesson 4 Solving Word Problems >Ex @ Read the word problem. Draw a model for the problem. Example Stephanie and Maria divided a sum of money in the ratio 7 : 5. Maria’s share was $30. How much was Stephanie's share? > et vo (III $30 @ Your partner uses your mode! to solve the problem, e Switch roles. Repeat @ and @ with these problems. © The ratio of the number of visitors to a museum in the morning to the number of visitors in the afternoon was 3 : 5. There was a total of 216 visitors. How many visitors were there in the afternoon? A fruit stall had apples, pears and oranges in the ratio 3:1: 4. There were 720 apples. How many fruits were there altogether? The number of red roses, yellow roses and pink roses at a florist are in the ratio 5 : 2: 6. There are 36 more red roses than yellow roses. How many pink roses are there?wR @ Ata carnival, the number of adults to the number of girls to the number of boys is 4 : 7: 9. There are 26 more boys than girls. How many adults are there at the cama a units wit OGD There are [) adults at the carnival. aRY © Issac is 5 years older than Jayesh. The ratio of Issac’s age to Jayesh’s age is 4: 3. Find Jayesh’s age. a a 2 2 ©: The masses of three bags, A, B and C are in the ratio 6 : 4 : 5. The difference between the mass of Bag B and the mass of Bag C is 3 kg. Find the mass of Bag A. [——& Chapter 7 Review © (9p|92|9n|Fa|Fn ba a The ratio of the number of red caps to the number of black caps a2 The ratio of the number of black caps to the number of red caps ea @ Find the missing numbers. © . 7 © + ii : ia ® TTT) DD e Express each ratio in its simplest form. © 9:6-@p © 8:20:6-@p © Find the missing numbers. © 7:8=2:() © 40:55:15=( 7): ):3 / Chapter 7 Rati GI) ow weRaymond cut a 2-metre roll of ribbon into three pieces, A, B and C. The ratio of the lengths of A, B and C was 5 : 2 : 1. Find the length of the longest piece of ribbon in centimetres. The ratio of the perimeter of a square piece of paper to the perimeter of a rectangular piece of paper was 2 : 5. The square piece of paper had sides of 10 cm. Find the perimeter of the rectangular piece of paper. Rachel bought erasers, pens and pencils from a stationery store. The ratio of the number of erasers to the number of pens to the number of pencils was 1: 3: 8. She bought 60 items altogether. How many pencils did Rachel buy? () The ratio of the amount of savings Anna, Beth and Cynthia had was. 2:3: 15. Cynthia had $1575 in savings. What was the total amount of their savings? Abaker sold muffins, doughnuts and cupcakes in the ratio 12 : 5: 7. The number of muffins sold was 50 more than the number of cupcakes sold. How many muffins did the baker sell? Workbook A: Chapter 7 Review, pages 133-137 @ | Maths Journal, page 138CPrapter Wrap-Up Comparing Num! [eT ena iey ed * Multiply by a common factor * Ratios can be used to find equivalent ratios. to compare two or 1:3. three quantities. . * Aratio may not give @( je the actual quantities 89 compared. © Divide by a common factor to * Aratio has no units. find equivalent ratios. 10:8 5:4 « 5:4is the simplest form of 10:8. Solving Word Problems yo Chapter 7 Ratio SN