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2
© 2019 Yuan Zhou

3
 USING ALPHAGO’S ENLARGED
CORNER ENCLOSURES

Yuan Zhou

AlphaGo’s tactic of making a two space rather than a traditional one space
corner enclosure from a 3–4 point stone has become very popular among
pro players. Zhou explains the significance of this tactic and the variations
involved in using it. A large number of illustrative pro games are presented
with commentary on the tactic and its consequences.

4
 About the Author
Yuan Zhou (American Go Association 7 dan) was born in Tianjin, China.
Tianjin is a major city in the northern part of China, near Beijing. His
father taught him to play go at the age of six, and a year later he won the
Tanggu District Junior Go Championship. After this auspicious beginning,
Zhou began professional go training while he was still seven years old. He
was twice invited to represent Tianjin in the All China Prodigy Cup.

In 1989 Zhou immigrated to the USA, becoming a US citizen and joining

the American Go Association (AGA). Zhou was the president of the
University of Maryland Go Club, from which he earned a BS in Electrical
Engineering, and became increasingly involved in AGA events, winning
many go tournaments. Zhou was also elected to the AGA board of
directors in 2005.

Zhou is one of the top competitors on the American go scene, winning the
Eastern US Open, one of the biggest US tournaments in 1992. He also won
the New Jersey Open, one of the biggest US tournaments, four times.
Twice he has won the Maryland Open, another major tournament that
attracts strong players. Zhou has placed in the top ten in the US Open
many times, as well as in the North American Ing Masters Cup and the
North American Fujitsu Qualifying Tournament. These tournaments
involve the strongest North American go players and include pros. In
Zhou’s go career, he has defeated pros many times, including four times in
even tournament games: Hak Soo Kim 6p in the 1996 Fujitsu, Xuefen Lin
1p in the 2001 Eastern Oza, Huiren Yang 1p in the 2009 North American
Ing Masters, and Feng Yun 9p in the 2011 SAMG World Team Go US
Team Qualifier. Zhou also won the US Pair Go Championship four times.
Zhou represented the USA in international tournaments many times
(WAGC, Korea Prime Minister Cup, World Pair Go Championship, etc).

In 2009, Zhou represented USA in the 4th Korea Prime Minister Cup
World Go Championship in Jeonju, Korea and finished in 5th place.

In addition to his competitive successes, Zhou has become a popular

5
teacher and lecturer, frequently giving lectures and teaching lessons at
various go clubs in the Eastern US region. He has also published many go
books with Slate & Shell (www.slateandshell.com) and SmartGo Books
(gobooks.com). Zhou resides in Germantown, Maryland, USA. His
website is at www.zhouyuan.com.

6
 Copyright Page
(c) 2019 Yuan Zhou

All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited.

Slate & Shell

www.slateandshell.com

Edited by William Cobb

Conversion to SmartGo Books by William Cobb

7
 Table of Contents
Using AlphaGo’s Enlarged Corner Enclosures

About the Author

Copyright Page

Introduction

Attacking the Basic Shapes

Example Pro Games

Game 1: Lian Xiao vs Ke Jie

Game 2: Chen Yaoye vs Tang Weixing

Game 3: Shi Yue vs Jiang Weijie

Game 4: Ke Jie vs Kim Jiseok

Game 5: Park Junghwan vs Ke Jie

Game 6: Kim Seongjae vs Weon Seongjin

Game 7: Shi Yue vs Dang Yifei

Game 8: Gu Zihao vs Ke Jie

Game 9: Fan Tingyu vs Kim Jiseok

Game 10: Chen Qirui vs Jiang Weijie

Game 11: Ke Jie vs Liu Xing

Game 12: Jiang Weijie vs Lee Sedol

Game 13: Ke Jie vs Kim Jiseok

Game 14: Cho U vs Iyama Yuta

8
Game 15: Shi Yue vs Xie Erhao

Game 16: Gu Zihao vs Mi Yuting

Game 17: Shin Jinseo vs Ke Jie

Game 18: Fan Yunruo vs Gu Li

Game 19: Lian Xiao vs Zhou Ruiyang

Game 20: Lian Xiao vs Chen Yaoye

About SmartGo Books

9
 Introduction
The most popular opening tactic that pros are adopting from AlphaGo [go
players continue to refer to the other versions of this AI program as
“AlphaGo”, including the latest which is actually “AlphaZero”] is the
early 3–3 invasion that I discussed in a recent book, Playing AlphaGo’s
Early 3–3 Invasion, which is available in print form from Amazon and
also as a SmartGo e-book. The other quite popular opening tactic that pros
are adopting from AlphaGo is the expanded corner enclosure from a 3–4
point stone. This tactic was also advocated by Go Seigen, but did not
become popular until AlphaGo starting playing it regularly. The difference
is that the slide or extension from the initial 3–4 point stone is two spaces
instead of only one. Go Seigen argued that the traditional one space slide
(or extension—the slide is more solid and has been much more popular) is
too small so the small slide is slow in the opening. Even though it
guarantees the corner territory, it is inefficient. It is better for the corner to
be a little vulnerable than for it to be inefficient, especially at the
beginning of the game, when outside potential is also very important.

10
 D
A
C
B

Moreover, when the opponent begins attacking the traditional corner

enclosure, as with contact moves at the letters in this diagram, Black’s
corner group immediately becomes overconcentrated.

11
 B

1 A

Move 1
Even if Black gets an ideal double wing structure as in this diagram, White
1 is an ideal invasion point for White, with excellent follow-up moves at A
or B to reduce Black’s moyo.

The traditional, one space corner enclosure is simply inefficient.

12
One effort to improve the one space corner enclosure has been to extend
rather than slide, as in this diagram.

13
 7
4 1 3 9
2 5 8
6

Moves 1–9
However, this shape also has weaknesses. For example, if White peeps as
in this diagram, when Black connects, White can make a ko for the corner.
So the one space high extension does not really secure the corner for
Black.

14
 B 1 2

Moves 1–2
Alternatively, if Black protects the corner with this 2, White has sente
moves at A and B to cause trouble for Black.

15
 C
A D
B

Moreover, White can attach at any of the lettered points to make Black
overconcentrated.

16
If Black gets a double wing position with this one space high corner
enclosure, it does provide the possibility of a much more effective large
position. White does not have an easy way to deal with this shape.

AlphaGo plays both the two space slide and the two space high extension
from the initial 3–4 stone. Of these, the two space high extension is by far
the most popular among pros. It is important to recognize that the issue
here is not just the points in the corner, but the situation on the whole

17
board, that is, the corner position’s outside influence is also important. One
of the most impressive qualities of AlphaGo is its intense focus on and
awareness of the whole board at all times. In the case of the early 3–3
invasion this comes out in terms of the side on which the player whose 3–3
point was invaded decides to block. It also arises when the players decide
where to play in taking sente to play away from the early invasion. I
pointed out in the earlier book how often players do not simply extend on
the side on which the outside stones appear after the invasion. With the
corner enclosure, the issue of the whole board situation is more
complicated: the corner has a larger potential for territory than in the case
of the 3–3 invasion and it also has a larger outside potential.

We will see that, because of this larger potential in both senses, both
players sometimes avoid playing near a corner with a two space extension
or slide for a surprisingly long time in a game (though it is now becoming
more common for the other player to approach the two space high corner
enclosure very early). This is another way in which this tactic is quite
different from the early 3–3 invasion, which induces immediate follow-
ups. The issue is when to decide between solidifying the corner and
developing the outside potential. That depends, of course, on how the rest
of the game is developing. In other words, the need for paying attention to
the whole board is made obvious with this tactic.

Of course, the two space slide or extension is potentially more complicated

to deal with than the one space positions. This is part of the reason some
players are reluctant to play this way. Nevertheless, there can be no
question about the fact that the traditional corner enclosure is slow.

I note that weaker players do not seem to be playing either of these tactics
endorsed by AlphaGo very often. The tactics are not guaranteed game
winners, of course, but a good case can be made for the claim that they
make possible a better overall situation for you at the beginning of the
game than the more traditional alternatives.

Let’s now look at how these positions work out in actual pro games.

18
 Attacking the Basic Shapes
The first thing to be aware of is how these two space corner enclosures can
be attacked.

The traditional one space slide from a 3–4 point stone creates a solid
corner. The two space slide from a 3–4 point stone is more solid than the
two space high extension, but it is still vulnerable to attack.

19
 B
A
D
C

The two space slide (large knight’s move) has several vulnerable points.
On the one hand, any attachment by White at one of the letters in this
diagram would be good for Black.

20
 2
1

Moves 1–2
For example, this exchange is obviously a loss for White.

21
 F E G

However, because of the larger shape, there is more aji inside Black’s
position at E, F, and G.

22
 11
9 6 5 10
7 3 1
8 4 2

For example, this sequence could occur. However, depending on the

overall situation, Black could be happy with this result.

23
 1

Move 1
If Black tries the double wing formation based on the two space slide,
White 1 is an excellent reducing move. This is part of the reason the two
space high extension has become more popular than the large knight’s
move.

24
Of course, the corner is big and open after the two space high extension so
there is still aji in the corner. This may not be an immediate issue so it
depends on who chooses to use sente to play in this area and when they do
so.

25
 1

Move 1
The first thing to see is that with the two space high extension, this White
1 is an excellent attacking point, threatening to play inside. It is not easy
for Black to respond.

26
 3 2
4 1
5

Moves 1–5
If Black does not respond locally, White has this kind of follow-up moves.
Black has obvious problems here. Black lacks a good way to avoid this
sort of harassment in this situation.

27
 2
1 3

If Black responds with this 2, White can still create a difficult situation for
Black with 3.

28
 1 2

If Black tries to defend like this, becomes oddly placed. The situation
remains complicated and difficult. Locally, Black does not have a good
response to this White 1. In fact, we will see that Black usually plays
elsewhere after this 1.

29
 1 C D E
B A

Move 1
White may then continue by attacking at A, B, C, D, or E. All of these
points are potential sources of problems for Black. Black must be prepared
to deal with any of these, although, as we will see, close contact fighting is
less intense in this corner in pro games with this pattern than you might
expect.

We will see that the two space high extension is much more popular
among pros now than the two space slide. The choice is not unlike that

30
between starting in a corner with a 4–4 point stone as opposed to a 3–4
stone. Nowadays, pros very often start with 4–4 point stones, despite the
greater potential complexity. It is not unusual for a game to start with
facing formations of two corner star point stones. This nirensei pattern is
particularly popular for White. We will see that it is almost always Black
who makes the two space high extension or slide from a 3–4 stone.

31
 1

Moves 1–2
Let me give you an example of how whole board considerations have led
to playing this two space slide or extension, especially the two space high
extension. This is the famous Hashimoto opening for Black. White can
approach with 1; Black defends with 2.

32
 4
12 9 10
8 11
6 7
3
5

Moves 3–12
This is a popular variation. Black gets a moyo on the right side. White
takes the corner and there is a ladder issue involved (White 9).

33
 13 A

14

15

Moves 13–15
White plays a ladder breaker with 13, and Black captures the cutting stone
with 14. This has been seen as fine for Black for a long time. However, if
Black knew things would develop this way, he would obviously prefer to
have at A. That would work much better with Black’s thickness on the
lower right side.

If Black starts out with at A, White will not start this pattern because
Black’s overall position would be much better. So the two space high

34
extension in the top right works better for Black in terms of whole board
considerations. AlphaGo has led to a much bigger emphasis on whole
board thinking. Nowadays, White is much more likely to play an early 3–3
invasion in the lower right than this Hashimoto opening when Black
makes the two space high extension from a 3–4 point stone in the upper
right. This is also why the nirensei opening is more popular today for
Black as well as White, although because of the large komi, Black often
tries other patterns, trying to find a way to take advantage of having first
move.

35
 4 1

2 5 3

Moves 1–5
So Black often starts this way, or …

36
 4 1

2
3

Moves 1–5
… this way.

Of course, from the local point of view there are less problems with the
one space corner enclosure. However, it is inefficient and
overconcentrated from the whole board point of view. That is, from the
whole board point of view it is slow. There is no question about which
point of view should take precedence. But it remains true that with the two
space extension, whether high or low, the corner is not settled black

37
territory. How and when to deal with this situation is the tricky question.
AlphaGo has definitely expanded our awareness of the freedom of go.

38
 6 3 1 5
4 2

Moves 1–6
If White invades with this 1, it is easy for White to live in the corner after
the two space high extension, but of course, Black will be happy to have
this outside thickness, especially early in the game. The issue of how and
when to deal with this two space high extension is a whole board
consideration.

Now let’s look at some recent pro games to get an idea of how the two
space corner extension is working out in practice.

39
 Example Pro Games
Owing to the ambiguous nature of the potential of the two space corner
enclosure, although it is usually approached early by the opponent
nowadays, it is not uncommon for the local situation to be left relatively
undeveloped until well into the game, when the issue of the value of the
corner versus the value of outside development can be better assessed.
Sometimes it is used as a useful place for ko threats by the opponent. This
makes showing how it works out in actual games more complicated than
was the case with the early 3–3 point invasion. The whole board situations
are more complicated when examining the two space corner enclosure.
Playing through the games is really the best way to understand this tactic.
That would be much more useful than the brief overviews I can provide
here. Happily the complete game records are included in this SmartGo
ebook. I encourage you to study them.

40
Game 1
This is the second game of the finals match in the Chinese Longxing (J:
Ryusei) tournament, played on June 6, 2018. Lian Xiao 9p is White and
won this game. Ke Jie 9p, whom many believe is the best human player in
the world, is Black. Ke Jie lost this game but took the title by a score of 2–
1.

41
 7
2 5 1

4
6 3

Moves 1–7
Ke Jie is famous for using AlphaGo tactics, and he does not disappoint in
the opening of this game. First he plays on a 3–3 point with his second
move and then he makes a two space high extension from a 3–4 point
stone. His fourth move is an early 3–3 invasion. All these are AlphaGo
moves.

42
 14
8
9
11 12
13 10

15
16 17

Moves 8–17
White blocks this way with 8 because of Black’s increased potential at the
top with being high. Black abandons the joseki in the upper left to play
15 and 17 to pay more attention to the whole board, which is common
today. Local situations are evaluated in terms of the whole board.

43
 24

22
20
23 18 19
21

Moves 18–24
White’s getting the upper left corner is of course locally good for White.
Black can play this way because of the significance of his overall position.
Ke Jie is not afraid of this new way of thinking in go.

44
 A
29

26 25
27
28

Moves 25–29
Black 25 and 29 also show Ke Jie’s focus on the whole board situation. He
is reducing the value of White’s thickness to the left of Black 29. 29
prevents White A, which is the best attack on this two space high
extension. Locally, White can invade and live in the top right, which could
make 29 overconcentrated, but the timing of that is very tricky: Black
would become strong and thick on the outside. Black is thinking of the
whole board.

45
 31

30

Moves 30–31
So Black ignores White’s attack with 30 and expands his moyo with 31.

46
 32
33

Moves 32–33
Note that Black must not allow the three stones in the bottom left to
become a loss. This style of play is not easy. When White expands with
32, Black 33 aims to start a fight here.

47
 35 34

Moves 34–35
White helps one of stones with 34 and Black jumps out with 35, cutting off
the connection between White’s two stones and initiating chaotic, middle
game fighting. This lack of a systematic opening is typical of post-
AlphaGo play. Early fighting shapes the game.

48
 38
39 40 41

36

37

Moves 36–41
Now the game moves into the complicated middle game. With the modern
big komi, this sort of complicated game is actually good for Black. A
peaceful game is likely to work better for White. A complicated game
gives Black a better chance of overcoming the burden of the big komi.

The large corner enclosure makes the game more complicated. So Black
must try to make the most of his initial sente advantage. AlphaGo has
shown that today’s big komi requires a new strategy for Black. This makes

49
things more difficult for weaker players.

14 63 62 64 76 66 67
24 7 8 167 73 65 75 61 60 69 58 59
186 9 2 72 29 68 189 5 77 1
185 22 11 12 81 134 74 70 71 79 188 200 125 163
13 10 20 124 120 86 122 87 162 161
23 18 19 119 78 85 84 144 160 151
21 132 164 80 57 82 93 156 159
173 110 112 115 153 117 130 126 121 123 51 49 182 176 154 177
111 113 95 94 131 129 141 52 127 48 47 183 31 155 195
172 171 105 104 114 118 91 92 53 140 191 50 44 145 194
170 168 98 97 96 54 139 138 192 197 198 146 38 158
169 88 99 39 40 174 41 142 148 157
100 102 45 46 43 42 150
15 101 179 180 36 35 147 149 56 34 137
109 16 103 4 26 25 17 89 90 32 55 128
107 106 166 6 27 30 33 83 3 135
108 165 28 116 37

Moves 1–200
133the
Here’s at 91; ko:game.
entire 136, 143, 152,wins
White 175, 178, 181, 184, 187, 190, 193, 196, 199
by resignation.

50
Game 2
This game between Chen Yaoye 9p and Tang Weixing 9p was in the first
round of the Chinese Quzhou-Lanke Cup on May 11, 2018. This is a
Chinese invitational tournament involving all the Chinese winners of the
latest international and Chinese national titles. Chen Yaoye is White and
Tang Weixing is Black.

51
 4 5 1

6
2 7
3

Moves 1–8
Tang makes the two space high corner enclosure with Black 1 and 5. This
overall configuration, facing Black’s own corner with the Black 3 stone is
the most common. In this case, White begins with the very popular
nirensei and then approaches the corner containing Black 3. When Black
makes AlphaGo’s response with 7, White makes a solid position with 8. In
the past, Black 7 could well have been a pincer, but that has become
uncommon after the two space corner enclosure in the facing corner.

52
White’s solid shape makes it harder for Black to make a moyo on the right
side.

53
 9 10 A

Moves 9–10
Black 9 is AlphaGo’s early 3–3 point invasion. Note that White blocks on
the top side and not on the left side despite the left side having more
potential for White. This is because White is aiming to attack Black’s large
corner enclosure at A, which is a very common tactic.

54
 16
11
13 14
15 12

Moves 11–16
They follow the most popular version of the corner fight and White takes
sente with 16 to hit the key point for attacking Black’s large corner
enclosure.

55
 27
23 22 25
24 31
28 17
26
21
19 18
30 20

Moves 17–31
29:White
Black counterattacks with 17, and connects
plays the version of the corner
fight in the upper left that makes a position on the left side with White
getting sente.

56
 32

Move 32
Then White attacks the upper right corner with 32, which is one of the key
weak points in Black’s shape after White plays .

57
 38
34 33 37
35 32
36

Moves 32–38
White quickly cuts Black’s corner enclosure into two pieces. This result is
obvously good for White.

58
 45
42 40 43
46 39 41 44

Moves 39–46
Note that Black can’t ladder with 45 at White 46 because the ladder would
be good for White. Black gets a big corner here, but White ends up with
good outside thickness and wins the game by resignation.

59
 27 121 113 250 58
114 23 22 25 118 90 91 110 112 60 55 59 57 38 61
117 24 9 10 119 31 92 111 169 170 56 16 51 53 34 33 37
120 28 11 4 99 93 17 96 88 49 50 5 35 32 1 45
26 13 14 104 116 102 94 75 73 52 54 42 36 40 43
15 12 108 21 98 100 95 89 233 46 39 41 44 67
19 18 115 106 107 103 97 101 235 152 234 48 62 63 65 229
30 20 133 105 134 222 223 153 237 146 145 47 64 66 228
130 129 109 132 232 231 249 173 243 236 211 230 148 147 68 220 221
83 128 122 172 242 164 212 150 149 151 201
131 79 167 80 156 136 138 140 144 165 217 190 215 171 179 200
86 207 155 82 127 137 139 143 154 166 218 216 8 178
87 85 81 123 124 161 160 162 214
206 77 84 125 126 142 163 159 224 213 192 194
202 78 72 141 176 198 174 210 226 193 191 6 205 204
2 70 71 168 175 184 180 197 238 7 227 188 185 186 203
74 69 76 157 195 182 183 177 239 240 3 189 187 209
158 245 199 181 196 241
246 247 219

Moves 1–250
29:entire
Here’s the connects; 135: connects; ko: 208, 225, 244; 248: connects ko
game.

White wins by resignation.

60
Game 3
This time we have a game from the third round of the international LG
Cup, played on November 12, 2018. As in most of these selected games,
both players are world champions. In fact, in this case both have won the
LG Cup in the past. Shi Yue 9p is White and Jiang Weijie 9p is Black.
Both are Chinese pros.

61
 6 8
4 1

2 5 3

Moves 1–8
In this case, White plays the popular nirensei, and Black makes the two
space high corner enclosure facing his own 4–4 stone. White then
approaches the upper right corner and responds to Black’s slide with 7 by
attaching with White 8. This attachment instead of the traditional slide in
response to Black 7 is another tactic that has been popularized by
AlphaGo.

62
 14 12 10
16 11 9
13 15

17

Moves 9–17
Black continues with a currently popular sequence that is designed to get
sente, which Black uses to approach the bottom left corner with 17,
expanding from his large corner enclosure in both directions.

63
 29
30 28 23 24 27
19 21 22 25
20 26

32

31

18 33

Moves 18–33
White pincers with 18, but Black plays AlphaGo’s early 3–3 invasion with
19. They play the version that allows White to get the corner while Black
gets sente to counterattack at the bottom and expand with 33.

64
 43
38 37 42
41 39 40
34 44

36

35

Moves 34–44
After Black 35, White invades in order to break up Black’s moyo on the
right side. White 36 is another good point to attack weaknesses of the large
corner enclosure.

65
 47 46

50

48
45
49

Moves 45–50
Black gets to expand his large corner enclosure more with 45 and 49.
White then aims to build a large position on the left side.

66
 52
51

66
60 59 65
58 54 53 57
64 55 56
63 62 67
61

Moves 51–67
After some reduction of White on the left, Black returns to expand his
lower right corner position with 65 and 67. It is unusual to see this large a
corner after the two space high extension, but it is still open to invasion.

67
 54
43 41 42 52 55
40
44 49 50 48 53
47 45 46 51

Moves 140–155
Much later in the game, White is able to reduce the corner some.

In the end, White wins by resignation.

68
 29
52 30 28 23 24 27 123 194 14 12 10
51 19 21 22 25 132 120 121 195 125 16 6 11 8 9 164
80 20 4 26 122 124 131 130 133 168 13 15 1 126 160
72 79 91 127 199 191 171 170 172 173 159 163 197
71 86 92 193 196 175 169 166 167 7
85 84 129 165 192 188 174 158
83 76 74 73 87 89 128 178 176 180 47 43 46
95 75 69 70 82 88 90 177 181 38 37 42
103 101 77 50 81 204 200 41 39 40 198
102 100 93 78 134 203 202 182 183 34 44 190
94 68 104 105 156 162 179 185 189 66
60 59 32 99 106 115 114 135 184 187 48 65
58 54 53 57 107 97 110 111 161 186 157 36 45
64 55 56 31 96 98 138 108 109 154 49
63 62 2 143 141 137 136 67 142 152 5 155 3
117 61 113 17 18 139 33 140
35 112 116 118 119 144 149 150 148 153
147 145 146 151

Moves 1–204
Here’s the entire the game. 201: connects

White wins by resignation.

69
Game 4
Game 4 was played in the third round of the international Chunlan Cup on
December 17, 2018. Ke Jie 9p of China is White and Kim Jiseok 9p of
Korea is Black. Ke Jie is generally considered the best human player in the
world and is especially powerful with White. Kim Jiseok is also a top
player.

70
 7 6
2 1 8

9 10

4
3

Moves 1–10
Kim plays the two space high enclosure in the opposite direction from the
previous game. This direction is less popular than that in the last game, but
is not unusual. Ke Jie plays the early 3–3 invasion with White 6, which he
does very often. They start off in the corner in the common way.

71
 16 11 14

15
13
12

17
A

Moves 11–17
However, they play a new variation starting with Black 11: Black cuts
White off on the right side and gives the corner to White. Black’s aim is to
prevent White from making the normal attacking move against the two
space high corner enclosure at A.

72
 23
19 21
20 22

24

18

Moves 18–24
After White defends his lower left corner, Black plays the early 3–3
invasion in the upper left. White takes sente to make a rival position on the
left side.

73
 27

26 25
28 A

Moves 25–28
After Black expands his own potential and restricts White’s potential with
25 and 27, White aims at the remaining weakness in Black’s lower right
corner at A with 28.

74
 32

31 30
29

Moves 29–32
Black attacks White at the bottom, but White can still attack Black’s lower
right position at 32, which is still a weak point in Black’s shape.

75
 34
33
35 37

36

Moves 33–37
White continues to attack Black’s extra large corner enclosure. White 36
hits another weak spot.

76
 39 38
40 41 45
46
44 42 43

Moves 38–46
Black is able to preserve his corner, but, from the trade, White gets sente
to play 46 on the outside.

77
 48
47
50

49

51

52

Moves 47–52
Black secures his positions in the upper left and upper right, but White 52
challenges Black’s center potential.

In the end, White wins by a half point.

78
 267 269 266 250 238 237 235 241 231 293 294 292 182 282 296
277 275 207 2355 242 236 240 239 213 212 229 48 16 11 14 279
276 67 19 21 206 54 47 274 150 246 211 220 219 232 7 6 181 291
272 65 20 2 22 193 50 87 214 230 223 180 234 1 8 183
98 66 174 244 227 99 101 184 146 224 256 255 179 15
97 100 173 228 194 96 106 113 13 9 10 69
169 170 103 114 290 111 110 12 49
104 116 226 302 109 143 178 68
56 105 117 108 284 222 209 64 112 70 115 138
264 152 162 163 283 102 221 216 210 176 139
263 148 24 151 156 51 81 83 218 217 215 247 248 262 17 34 205
268 147 149 196 195 168 192 197 82 84 280 281 208 249 258 33 32 203
155 177 171 145 204 271 63 62 198 285 225 85 186 259 260 295 35 37
154 74 76 157 273 27 78 61 86 59 257 52 261 53 5
120 73 72 122 141 123 301 79 80 254 252 253 191 107 39 38 36 132
144 71 91 4 121 26 25 300 60 299 57 31 297 30 40 41 45 133 200
126 90 77 93 130 18 135 124 58 46 159 166 28 29 3 201
95 88 92 75 89 94 136 142 190 160 165 44 42 43
128 125 127 119 118 129 287 288 188 187 189 185

Moves 1–302
ko: 131,
Here’s the134, 137,game.
entire 140, 153, 158, 161, 164, 167, 172, 175, 199, 202; 233 at 223;
243: connects; 245: connects; 251 at 11; 265: connects; 270: connects ko; 278:
connects; 286: connects; 289: connects; 298: connects

79
Game 5
This time we have a game between Ke Jie 9p of China as Black, and the
current top player in Korea, Park Junghwan 9p as White. Both have been
listed as number one in the world in recent times. The event is the 2019
Chinese New Year’s Special Tournament. This is an invitational
tournament involving one player each from China, Korea, and Japan. The
game was played on January 31, 2019. These two pros have an essentially
even record against each other, but Ke Jie wins this game.

80
 3 8 7 9
12 10 6 1

5 11

14
2 4
13

Moves 1–14
Ke Jie plays the two space high corner enclosure in the popular direction.
White plays a high approach in the upper right with 6 and Black makes the
common attachment with 7 in response. This is a popular joseki nowadays.
After Black then approaches in the bottom right with 13, White plays the
traditional Shusaku diagonal response with 14 instead of AlphaGo’s
knight’s move.

81
 20
22
21

15 19
18

16 17

Moves 15–22
After exchanges at the bottom, White extends with 20. Black attacks from
the center and White attaches to Black’s two space high extension with 22,
a valid attack point.

82
 33 32
31 24 29
25 23
27 26 28 30

Moves 23–33
A fierce fight breaks out in which White gives up the corner, but develops
a position on the top side, and …

83
 40
37
36 34
35 39
38 49
46 44 48
45 42 41 50
43 47

Moves 34–50
… White then breaks up Black’s left side while running out into the center.
White is later able to take back the upper left corner.

In the end, Black wins by one and a half points. However, because this
was a double elimination event, Park Junghwan met Ke Jie again in the
final and this time Park won.

84
 133
33 32 84 82 131 130 129 132 134 95
31 24 3 29 20 73 128 97 93 72 96 8 7 9
75 25 22 23 40 99 98 12 94 71 10 6 1
74 37 27 26 28 30 21 148
86 36 34 5 81 80 79 92 162 161 100 11 149
35 76 39 78 101 160 159 137
56 38 77 85 49 158 151 146 138 136
55 46 44 83 48 147
45 42 41 50 57 153 154
157 43 47 127 126 150 107
58 63 145 152
64 61 65 66 124 115 89 135 143 106 105
156 60 15 19 125 117 108 109 142 139
62 18 110 112 114 14 155
54 2 51 67 87 103 111 113 122 116 90 144 4
68 53 59 52 16 102 104 120 118 17 91 13 140 123
70 69 88 119 121 141

Moves 1–162
Here’s the entire game.

85
Game 6
Game 6 is from the Korean GS Caltex Cup, played on February 6, 2019.
Kim Seongjae 8p is White and Won Sungjin 9p is Black. The GS Caltex
Cup is one of the top domestic Korean tournaments.

86
 3 8 7 9
14 10 6 1
12
5 11
13

4 2
15

Moves 1–15
Black begins with alternating komoku (3–4 point stones) and the two
space high corner enclosure in the usual direction, while White chooses the
popular nirensei (two star points). Black makes a large upper right corner
instead of playing a pincer against White 6, as is common in this situation,
and then plays an early 3–3 invasion wih Black 15. The peep with White
12 is also a tactic adopted from AlphaGo.

87
 22

16 20
17 19 18
21

Moves 16–22
Here again we see the tactic of White blocking this way with 16 in order to
make the key attack on Black’s large corner enclosure with 22.

88
 23

Move 23
Since Black lacks a good way to defend the corner after White 22, he
extends to Black 23. Any local defense of the corner enclosure at this time
would be a slow move.

89
 34 29
25 30 32
31
24

33

26 28
27

Moves 24–34
After some exchanges elsewhere, White makes the common attachment
with 34, which is a key move in this situation.

90
 46 45 47 51 57 61
53 36 44 56 60
37 35 50 58 59
39 38 40 42
49 48 41 43 54
52 55 62
63 64
65 66
67

Moves 35–67
Black holds on to the corner for the moment and a major fight extends into
the center. White wins by resignation after about a hundred more moves.

91
 125
94 92 46 45 47 51 57 61 101 102
96 53 36 3 44 117 56 23 60 70 74 8 7 9 111
93 126 37 34 35 50 97 58 59 14 76 29 78 10 6 1 110
134 95 39 38 40 42 80 79 25 30 75 32 12 98 99
49 48 5 41 43 54 31 71 73 77 11
123 52 24 55 62 13
124 22 63 64
65 66 72 85 89
90 154 67 130 86 88
68 113 33 155 131 69
84 87 157
114 82 83 119 121
108 107 136 116 118 120 162 91 161 122
135 141 81 144 143 156 127 128
133 16 4 20 152 142 139 2 140
104 15 17 19 18 26 28 149 151 159 150 146 138 137 160
105 21 27 158 153 147 145 148

Moves 1–162
ko: 100, 103, 106, 109, 112, 115, 129, 132
Here’s the entire game.

92
Game 7
This game is from another domestic Chinese tournament, the Weiqi Rally.
It was played on June 15, 2018. White is Shi Yue 9p and Black is Dang
Yifei 9p—both have won international tournaments.

93
 2 5 1

6
4 7
3

Moves 1–8
We see this common overall opening pattern again with the two space high
corner enclosure. The knight’s move with Black 7 is a well known move
adopted from AlphaGo in place of the traditional simple diagonal play
made famous by Shusaku. White 8 is usually a two space extension, but
Shi Yue chooses to play a little faster.

94
 10 9
11 13

A 12

Moves 9–13
Note that White does not make the traditional slide to A after Black
approaches the corner with 9. The well known joseki in this situation has
come to be seen as too good for Black. In this case Black gets an unusually
large position at the top.

95
 58

57

Moves 57–58
Black gets four corners and a strong attack in the center. White finally
attacks at the top with 58, but Black wins the game after 253 moves.

96
 221 220 239 242 251
43 241 240 38 79 77 75 73 71
37 10 9 76 74 72 70 67 61 65 68 81 80 219 217
245 244 2 11 224 139 140 13 66 58 64 5 69 95 1 93 216
105 39 40 225 226 125 78 126 62 59 60 135 94 92 214 218
115 41 104 12 231 227 121 137 138 63 136 96 148 133 101
106 42 107 109 114 113 117 44 124 134 131 128 129
116 103 108 111 118 235 153 166 130 127 151
110 112 234 152 141 171 169 172 188 187 132 149
156 155 17056 82 84 98 100 186 185 212
230 52 54 55 83 97 99 199 8 20 182 232
102 202 57 53 253 252 26 15 16 19 237
32 154 51 203 223 175 228 22 17 18 183
36 168 158 157 198 161 49 91 184 24 23 21
29 30 120 208 167 159 196 160 211 47 48 143 90 174 173 6 25
31 119 4 210 197 193 88 204 45 46 178 7 142 176 27
123 33 34 28 191 192 189 190 85 14 145 144 177 3
165 122 147 35 146 195 207 194 50 86 89 87 181
162 163 164 201 205 215 206 209

Moves 1–253
150 at the
Here’s 128;entire
179 atgame.
7; 180 at 178; 200 at 132; 213 at 189; 222 at 6; 229 at 7; 233
at 173; 236: ko; 238 at 144; ko: 243, 246; 247 at 173; 248: connects; 249:
connects ko; 250 at 46

97
Game 8
This game from the first round of the international Samsung Cup was
played on October 1, 2018. Gu Zihao 9p of China is White and Ke Jie 9p
of China is Black. Ke Jie wins this game by a half point and went on to
win the title in December of 2018. Gu Zihao was the title winner last year.

98
 3 B 8 7 9
12 10 6 1
A
5 11

13

2 4

Moves 1–13
Ke Jie again plays the two space high corner enclosure in the usual
configuration with Black 3 and 5. White then approaches in the top right
and Black simply takes the corner.

So White extends to 12. The two space high extension in the upper left
now makes a big difference. If Black 5 was at A, a traditional corner
enclosure, Black would probably extend to B to protect against a white
extension at the top. With the two space high extension, however, Black

99
has a lot more potential in the top left so he can make the big approach
move at Black 13, which is more urgent now than B. 13 is also in a better
position now than if Black 5 was low at A.

100
 A

23
21 18 20
19 15
17 16 14
22

Moves 14–23
Black invades the lower left corner. After Black 23, Black’s left side moyo
is much bigger than it would be if was the traditional low one space
slide at A.

101
 30 31
29
32
28
26

27

24
25

Moves 24–32
White now attacks Black’s left side moyo. As I have noted, White 26 is the
key point for attacking the two space high extension, threatening to invade.
Black pincers with 27 and they immediately start complicated and chaotic
middlegame fighting.

102
 35

37

34 33
36

39 43 47
38 42 41
40 44 46

45

Moves 33–47
A very complicated fighting situation develops. Several unsettled groups
are interacting and running out from the left side. In this case, Black’s
early two space high corner enclosure has been an advantage. Otherwise,
this fight would have been much easier for White. White’s groups on this
side are weaker than Black’s.

Black’s large corner enclosure helped to induce White to invade on the left
side and it also helped Black in the fighting.

103
 289 288 209 217 306 216 215 214 195 219
235 189 188 207 205 286 198 193 194 119 321 121
234 229 35 3 208 162 206 174 176 304 190 113 331 8 7 9 213 255
211 228 30 31 312 173 335 175 334 12 332 191 243 10 6 212 1 254 275
325 160 37 49 313 29 309 201 336 116 115 109 120 244 324 110 124 125 277
210 327 32 5 48 203 76 199 226 112 251 114 117 246 245 122 11 127 274
161 106 34 33 28 204 310 200 91 66 252 118 192 155 126 111 258
157 77 26 36 75 282 50 64 65 67 231 130 128 154 153 222 276
329 107 73 71 74 92 232 224 223 129 156 182 186 323
202 39 27 69 43 70 47 292 53 90 139 144 123 184 181 183 303
55 38 42 41 68 72 291 326 140 179 185 178 187
280 56 238 40 44 285 46 264 80 180 108 177 267 266 273
305 24 237 330 240 257 263 54 146 145 141 93 260 261
278 25 13 23 248 45 98 297 79 315 298 148 147 94 86 89
279 21 18 20 59 97 96 100 102 104 81 136 138 152 149 88 87
19 15 2 60 61 51 101 63 103 78 82 131 142 269 4 85
295 17 16 57 62 14 52 99 319 318 143 134 133 158 272 84 83
294 169 22 58 168 167 164 159 300 249 105 132 135 196 220 95
241 333 172 163 166 165 171 301 197 137 151 150 270 221 271

Moves 1–336
170 at 166;
Here’s 218 at game.
the entire 214; 225: connects; ko: 227, 230, 233, 236, 239, 242, 247, 250,
253, 256, 259, 262, 265, 268, 281; 283 at 234; ko: 284, 287, 290, 293, 296, 299,
302; 307: connects; ko: 308, 311, 314; 316: connects; ko: 317, 320; 322: connects
ko; 328 at 55

104
Game 9
Game 9 is from the first round of the international LG Cup and was played
on May 28, 2018. White is Fan Tingyu 9p of China, and Black is Kim
Jiseok 9p, a top senior player for Korea. White wins this game by
resignation.

12
9 10 8 6
4 11 1 7

2 5 3
13

Moves 1–13

105
Here again we have a clear example of using the two space high corner
enclosure as part of a strategy to establish maximum influence over the
whole board. After playing the high two space enclosure in the lower right,
Black responds to White’s early 3–3 invasion by blocking on the right
side. They continue with the most common version of that invasion, and
Black takes sente to extend on the bottom with 13, which works well with
his right side development. Obviously, White cannot allow Black to
continue this development without challenge. Black is making good use of
his initial sente. Having Black 5 high is more useful from the whole board
point of view than having it on the third line in the corner.

106
 17
15 16 18
19 24 23 25
20 21 22
14

Moves 14–25
White pincers Black’s lower left approach move with 14 and Black plays a
double approach move at 15. After gaining a foothold on the left side,
Black pressures White 14. does not protect the lower right corner well,
but it is very helpful in attacking White 14.

107
 38 36 42
39 37 35 34 41 46
31 32
27 29 30
28 43

33 51
47 26 49
48 50 40 A
44 45 52

Moves 26–52
White hits the weak point of the high corner extension with 40, but it is
clear that is in a good position for Black in this middlegame fighting. If
it was at A, that would be very different. Now it helps seal White in.

108
 176 144 135 143 179 166 168 56 12
175 173 136 145 147 167 170 9 10 8 6
174 4 183 146 169 134 53 11 1 7
180 171 159
60 184 133 148 172 156 151 154
110 109 162 164 128 150 152 153
120 59 108 107 127 155 157
38 36 42 57 106 105 62 123 124 140 139 141
39 37 35 34 41 46 160 117 126 122 125 101 113 138 137
31 32 72 58 103 129 130 111 100 97 96 95 112
27 29 30 119 71 114 104 131 99 92 87 89 94 116
17 28 43 61 118 163 165 98 93 83 86 88
55 15 16 18 115 90 102 178 132
54 19 24 121 23 25 33 51 91 73 80 84 158 177 142
181 20 2 21 22 47 26 49 70 78 5 85 3 149
182 64 63 65 13 14 48 50 82 40 77 74 75
68 44 45 52 81 69 76 79
66 67

Moves 1–184
Here’s the entire game. 161: connects

109
Game 10
Here’s a game from the second round of the international LG Cup, played
on May 30, 2018. White is Chen Qirui 5p and Black is Jiang Weijie 9p.
Jiang Weijie is famous as the player who ended Lee Changho 9p’s reign as
the dominant international go player by defeating him in the finals of the
LG Cup in 2012. Lee has never won another international title, although he
still holds the record of having won the most international titles. Jiang was
the first of the generation born after 1990 to win a world title. He wins this
game by resignation.

110
 6
2 1

4 5 3

Moves 1–6
We again see this very popular opening pattern: a nirensei for White and
the two space high corner enclosure by Black with 3 and 5. And then
White goes into the corner with an early 3–3 invasion. These are all
common AlphaGo moves.

111
 12
9 10 8
11 7

13

Moves 7–13
The players follow the popular pattern in the top right with Black taking
sente to use his high corner enclosure by expanding his moyo with the
approach move of Black 13 in the lower left. In this situation, Black does
not normally play on the right side with 13, but instead creates a double-
wing position as here.

112
 16
17 15

14

18

Moves 14–18
Note that White also plays a high position on the right side. Both players
are focusing on the whole board situation.

113
 32

21 33 34
19 20 22
25 28 30
23 27 29
24 26 31 A

Moves 19–34
Black then makes a double approach in the lower left with 19. As play
continues, we again see Black making use of the better relation between
his stones at the bottom provided by ’s being high. If was at A, it
would not be connected to Black 31, which would make a huge difference.
Black’s development is much faster as a result of the high corner
enclosure.

114
 38
37 36 35
40 42
39 41

Moves 35–42
Middlegame fighting then breaks out as the game continues.

115
 16 12
60 62 17 15 9 10 8 6
61 59 2 64 11 1 7
57 58
98 55 56
53 54 91 67 63
51 52 66 14
49 50 88 139
99 44 47 48 86 136 117
43 32 38 84 85 137 119 121 123 115 18 110
45 102 37 36 35 83 116 120 122 134 135 107 92
103 21 33 34 40 42 70 72 81 127 128 87 65 112
19 20 22 39 41 69 71 73 124 129 130 97 138 113 114
111 25 28 30 131 132 89 96 125 118 126
109 108 23 4 27 29 80 5 82 77 3
24 26 13 31 68 78 101 74 75
105 46 93 90 76 79 94 100
95

Moves 1–139
104: ko; 106: connects ko; 133: connects
Here’s the entire game.

116
Game 11
Game 11 is from the first round of the Chinese Longxing (J: Ryusei). It
was played on June 4, 2018. Ke Jie 9p, who wins by resignation, is White
and Liu Xing 7p is Black.

117
 6 5
3 1

4 2

Moves 1–7
This time we have the large knight’s move corner enclosure in the upper
right corner by Black. When White aproaches the upper left corner with 6,
Black ignores it to approach in the lower right—another example of the
freedom of play that AlphaGo’s influence has encouraged. Of course, this
is not random play. Black has a large scale plan, but he also must be ready
to make decisions about continuing that are based on a view of the whole
board. Traditionally, the corner with a 3–4 stone takes precedence over

118
one with a 4–4 stone so we would have expected Black to respond in the
upper left.

119
 23
9 8
10
11

12

22
20
18
16 14 17
21 15 13 19

Moves 8–23
Black makes a minimal response to White’s attack in the upper left, and
White takes the big point at 12. Then Black takes away the lower right
corner and gets sente to extend at the top with 23.

120
 23 24

Moves 23–24
After 23, Black has the start of a large position in the upper right quadrant
so White attacks there with 24. Attaching on the inside of the large
knight’s move corner enclosure would be good for Black, who would be
happy to trade a small corner to White for a large outside potential.

121
 25 27 29
24 26 28 31
30

32

Moves 24–32
So White takes the outside in the upper right, and after the White 30–Black
31 exchange, White gets sente to defend the lower left corner with 32 and
is happy. Avoiding this sort of result is what motivates most players to
play the two space high corner enclosure instead of the large knight’s
move. White wins this game by resignation.

122
 179
35 34 166 167 181
51 33 6 105 180 137 25 5 27 29
3 50 23 134 135 24 26 28 1 31
9 8 52 46 48 97 133 132 150 136 30 155
189 188 10 45 47 98 96 95 149 152 156
11 116 108 94 87 151 103 40
37 36 49 86 53 76 54 69 70 41 39 42 58
168 202 205 93 90 73 68 71 72 104 60 64 56 55
183 200 204 199 106 107 89 88 74 75 12 57 145
201 165 184 203 185 99 113 77 91 67 80 100 65 59 61 144
157 182 186 115 123 122 110 129 197 198 207 63 62 44 146
158 140 170 142 171 120 121 112 111 195 194 84 83 82 43 22 154
139 32 169 172 124 117 114 192 196 187 85 209 81 66 7 20
141 159 173 174 126 125 131 210 118 119 208 143 147 102 18
161 160 4 128 127 193 190 191 109 78 16 2 14 17
162 163 164 38 138 175 79 21 15 13 19
178 176 177

Moves 1–210
92: connects;
Here’s the entire game. 101 at 43; 130: connects; ko: 148, 153, 206

123
Game 12
This is another game from the international LG Cup. White is Jiang Weijie
9p of China, and Black is the well-known senior player Lee Sedol 9p of
Korea, who played a famous three game match with AlphaGo in 2017.
(See my book AlphaGo vs. Lee Sedol: The Match that Changed the World
of Go. Lee is the only human who has defeated a version of AlphaGo.)
This is a first round game played on May 28, 2018.

124
 12
9 10 8 6
4 11 1 7

2 5 3
13

Moves 1–13
White starts with a nirensei, and Lee Sedol plays the two space high corner
enclosure with Black 5. White counters with the early 3–3 invasion in the
upper right. After the normal continuation there, Black takes sente to
approach on the lower left. You can see immediately that Black is aiming
for a huge moyo. We have seen this opening already in Games 9 and 10. It
is a popular choice. Before AlphaGo, White would often break up the right
side with A and recently playing White 6 at B has been popular, but now

125
immediately going into the corner with White 6 is common. After the
usual sequence in the upper right, the approach at Black 13 is also
common. Black’s potential for making a large moyo is obvious.

126
 17
15 16 18

19
20 14

Moves 14–20
This time White immediately plays on the weak point of the two space
high corner enclosure with 14. This gives Black the chance to attack the
lower left corner, starting with 15.

127
 21
25 24 26
22 23

Moves 21–26
After Black defends in the lower left with 25, White invades the two space
high corner enclosure. After , this attachment with White 26 is an
effective attack.

128
 31
A 27

28 29
32 30

Moves 27–32
White effectively connects to with 32, taking away the corner territory.
And Black still has a weakness at A. The two space high corner enclosure
is certainly playable, but you must be aware of its weakness. Black now
needs to find a good use for the corner’s outside influence.

129
 33 35 41
34 42
36 38 40

37
39

Moves 33–42
Black uses sente to attack in the lower left with 33. White is able to return
to the bottom right with 40 and cut off , which is a loss for Black. This
does not happen with the small corner enclosure, of course.

130
276 274 273 275 219 218 215 213 207 208 90 202 212
194 222 223 226 217 205 214 196 220 88 85 12 197 204 203
188 173 177 272 224 225 216 168 92 91 86 9 10 8 6 211
210 176 4 185 227 129 106 89 87 11 1 7 147
271 192 209 256 189 117 112 111 115 153 146
193 187 259 221 282 113 114 278 152 151 140 150 141 154
253 206 171 164 280 279 281 84 53 149 148 175
166 277 165 127 268 122 54 52 45 155 156
160 161 170 199 264 266 97 107 116 55 186 157
159 158 162 118 101 95 94 100 56 138 44 57 257 174
163 200 128 248 110 98 99 108 142 139 137 58 134 261
63 247 70 109 71 239 244 130 46 136 262
191 17 33 35 119 120 250 251 82 245 131 47 43 41 49 132 135
15 16 18 124 34 126 121 79 83 81 269 42 48 31 133
183 21 62 123 104 36 38 65 80 59 237 40 27 50 51
182 19 2 125 102 103 25 24 68 69 78 236 5 229 26 3
190 20 22 13 23 37 67 64 14 180 179 28 29 145
76 75 61 72 254 73 66 39 60 238 32 241 30 143
77 105 232 231 74 267 242 144

Moves 1–282
93 at 85;
Here’s the96: ko; 167
entire at 91; 169 at 85; ko: 172, 178, 181, 184; 195 at 85; ko: 198,
game.
201; 228 at 218; 230: connects; 233 at 215; 234 at 213; ko: 235, 240, 243, 246,
249, 252, 255; 258: connects; ko: 260, 263; 265 at 39; 270: connects

131
Game 13
Game 13 is from the first round of the international invitational Bailing
Cup. It was played on July 24, 2018. White is Ke Jie 9p of China and
Black is Kim Jiseok 9p of Korea, both top world champions. Ke Jie often
states that he is learning a lot from studying AlphaGo’s games. Ke Jie wins
this game in only 90 moves.

132
 12
9 10 8 6
2 11 1 7

13 C

4
3

Moves 1–13
For a long time playing Black 5 at A, the famous Chinese opening, was
very popular, but this two space high corner enclosure is much more
common than the Chinese opening in pro games these days. Ke Jie plays
this 3–3 invasion with White 6 very often. A more traditional move might
be to divide up the right side at B with 6, but with Black 5 high, White B
would already be under attack. Moreover, if White approaches the upper
left corner at C, Black 5 would make a black pincer an even more

133
attractive play. So White plays the 3–3 invasion with 6. Naturally, Black
blocks on the right side aiming for a moyo. They complete the most
popular version of that invasion, and Black takes sente to approach the
upper left corner and break up White’s left side.

134
 14

Move 14
White 14 makes the critical attack on the lower right corner shape, which
is a common move learned from AlphaGo. It is often played very early
these days. In this case Ke Jie has ignored Black’s corner approach in the
upper left to play it as soon as possible.

135
 19

17
16 15
18

Moves 15–19
Black pincers with 15, and White initiates contact fighting very early in
the game. After two normal responses from White, Black returns to the
upper right corner.

136
 23 21 22 20

Moves 20–23
Black protects his area on the upper right side in an efficient way and
creates potential on the top side as well.

137
 24

Move 24
Normally, White would continue in the upper right corner, but White is
alive there. White 24 is one of the key points for attacking this corner
enclosure; it works well with . White aims to separate Black’s stones
here.

138
 27

26
28
30
31

29

32
25

Moves 25–32
After Black defends with 25, White comes back to the top with 26. Both
sides make their positions more secure in the upper right corner, and White
takes sente to return to his attack on Black’s weakness in the lower right
with 32.

139
 33
34

Moves 33–34
White aims to reduce the efficiency of Black’s two space high corner
enclosure. White does not want Black to get a large area here.

140
 35 37
36
38

Moves 35–38
Violent fighting in this corner is a common result. Black is not guaranteed
a good result from this shape. White played the three stones in the middle
of the right side to help with the fighting in this area.

141
 50

49

48 45 43 47
46 44 42 41
40
39

Moves 39–50
Black captures the lower right corner, but White makes a good gain at the
bottom and comes out into the center with 50. From the whole board point
of view, this opening is good for White.

142
 60 58
57 59
56
55 54

53
52 51

Moves 51–60
Black must attack from the outside since he has made little territory on the
right side. Now the result depends on the fighting skill of the players. In
this game, White soon triumphs.

This game is a clear example of how the opening strategy learned from
AlphaGo quickly leads to violent middlegame fighting.

143
 27 73 75
90 89 23 12 21 22 20
26 88 77 82 9 10 8 6 19 74
2 81 80 83 76 11 1 7 28
62 66 72 71 30
13 61 65 67 70 31 69
60 58 68 84 85
57 63 64 59
56 29 17 79
55 54 16 15 78
50 18
14
53 49
52 51 5
48 45 43 35 37 47
4 46 44 42 41 33 24 32 36
40 38 3 25 34
39

Moves 1–90
Here’s the entire game. 86: ko; 87: connects

144
Game 14
This is the final game of the Meijin title match in Japan between the title
holder Iyama Yuta 9p and the challenger Cho U 9p. Cho is older, but has
recently been on a winning streak that hit its high point when he took this
title from Iyama 4–3. This game was played on November 1–2, 2018. Cho
wins by four and a half points. He is White and Iyama is Black. Even the
more traditional Japanese players are using AlphaGo’s innovative moves.

145
 4 1

2 5 3

Moves 1–5
After an uncommon arrangement of 3–4 point plays, Iyama makes the two
space high corner enclosure with Black 5 in the lower right corner.

146
 8 7 9
12 10 6

11

13

Moves 6–13
After a traditional joseki in the upper right corner, Black approaches the
lower left corner with 13. The two space high corner enclosure to the right
makes Black’s development of the bottom area easier than would be the
case with a traditional corner enclosure.

147
 15 16
17

14

Moves 14–17
White pincers with 14, aiming to deny Black the bottom area, and Black
immediately plays an AlphaGo early 3–3 point invasion with 15.

148
 18
19 20
21
22

23

Moves 18–23
Black takes sente from the upper left and immediately goes for a fourth
corner with 23.

149
 33
32

31
26
25
24 34
29 27 28 30

Moves 24–34
White takes sente with 32 to strengthen his top area potential in sente and
then makes the normal attack on the large corner enclosure with 34. This
white play has become standard in this situation. It is hard for Black to
respond in an efficient way because the corner is so open.

150
 35

Move 35
So in this case, Black simply plays elsewhere, invading White’s position at
the top with 35.

151
 45 43
39 38 41 37
40 42 44 36

46

Moves 36–46
White gets the outside at the top in sente and makes the common second
attack on the two space high corner enclosure with 46, as in the previous
game we looked at.

152
 60

51
47 57 56
55 59
58 48 49
54 53 52 50

Moves 47–60
White takes the corner in return for letting Black get outside influence, but
White then makes a big play in the center with 60. The game will turn on
what happens in the center now.

153
 246 218 248 250 233 232
247 82 217 66 144 220 135 251 35 45 43
219 122 15 16 140 143 221 137 39 38 41 8 7 9 37
254 151 17 4 210 12 40 42 44 10 6 36 1
255 121 120 18 136 260 236 258 259 149 267
33 19 20 130 131 134 230 235 234 213 150 147 11 148 211
21 32 240 88 111 132 229 228 153 161 162 62 146 212 266
187 67 22 70 239 126 89 224 125 231 139 152 214 118 265
186 71 83 84 65 222 133 225 227 129 154 104 112 113 206
181 180 68 268 74 75 223 226 60 157 64 138 96 63 105 119 241
215 123 76 69 77 127 155 156 167 174 103 202 243 207
193 192 160 216 72 73 95 91 110 263 164 163 177 178 117 204 205
209 85 208 80 79 109 94 92 93 108 270 165 114 179 172 173
198 31 61 78 81 107 101 106 261 168 166 158 51
199 26 203 86 87 99 90 245 171 257 159 47 57 56
25 2 201 124 98 97 100 252 55 59 5 115 46 3
23 24 175 13 14 102 170 34 169 58 116 48 49 145
29 27 28 30 176 190 54 53 52 183 50 141 269
249 242 196 189 195 184 142

Moves 1–271
128 atthe
Here’s 92;entire
ko: 182, 185, 188, 191, 194, 197, 200; 237 at 131; 238 at 132; 244:
game.
connects; 253 at 97; 256: ko; 262: connects; 264: connects ko; 271: connects

154
Game 15
This game is from the first round of the Chinese Mingren tournament,
played on May 16, 2018. White is Shi Yue 9p and Black is Xie Erhao 9p.
As in most of these games, both have won world championships. Black
wins this game by resignation.

155
 4 6
1

8 7

5 3
2

Moves 1–8
In this case, it is White who plays AlphaGo opening moves, both the 3–3
point play with 2 and the two space high corner enclosure in the upper left
corner. Black actually plays a traditional one space high corner enclosure
in the bottom right.

156
 15 16 9
13 11 14 17 10
18

12

Moves 9–18
Violent fighting quickly develops in this game.

157
 60

Move 60
White uses sacrifice strategy to gain outside influence at the top and with
60 makes use of the two space high extension . White could not play 60
without that support for play in the center.

158
 62
70 61
68 69
64 67
75 74 76
63

71
65
66
72 73

Moves 61–76
White manages to get an unusually large corner position based on the two
space high extension in the upper left and another large corner in the lower
left. However, in the end White is forced to resign.

159
 158 157 55 47 41 79 51 43 197
155 210 54 45 44 46 42 40 209 19 24 198 196 195 31
156 4 50 48 39 32 34 35 15 16 21 6 9 28 26 29
208 49 13 33 36 11 14 17 22 10 30 1 27
102 83 78 53 37 38 18 20 236 235 141 203
8 193 81 57 56 52 226 225 221 7 140
160 194 60 59 58 62 104 12 139 138 145
240 70 159 182 183 61 103 169 172 178 238 237 137 136 147
239 100 68 69 222 105 177 173 175 176 212 166 25 144 143 202
241 99 64 67 223 77 82 224 126 121 174 190 211 146 119 142
101 75 74 76 80 133 108 132 192 168 189 199 120 118
63 131 127 130 113 170 191 213 219 220 186
91 84 96 125 122 152 150 167 171 215 187 184 161
92 71 95 129 107 148 151 217 216 214 188 134 116 218 200
65 93 94 227 128 153 149 109 111 164 115 114 201 185
97 89 88 66 228 179 231 233 232 234 5 165 3 117
85 2 87 98 180 72 123 73 112 106 229 135
181 86 90 124 110 230 162 163 207
206 204 205

Moves 1–241
Here’s the entire game. 23: connects; 154: connects

160
Game 16
Game 16 is another from the Chinese Mingren tournament. This third
round game is between Gu Zihao 9p, who is White, and Mi Yuting 9p
Black. Mi Yuting was ranked number one in China for a couple of months
in late 2018. Like Ke Jie, he also often plays AlphaGo opening moves. The
game was played on May 19, 2018. Black wins by resignation.

161
 7 9
4 1

2 5 3
6 10

Moves 1–10
Black makes the two space high corner enclosure with 5, and after some
normal moves defending the 4–4 point stone corners, White makes the
popular attacking move against the two space high corner enclosure at
White 10. Since the right side is becoming a large black position you
would expect White to want to play at A, but White attacks the corner
enclosure first as being more important.

162
 13

11

12

Moves 11–13
So Black gets the large play at 11. White then attacks the corner enclosure
with 12, but Black ignores this and continues to build a moyo at the top
with 13.

163
 60

Move 60
Middlegame fighting then starts in the top left and continues to the bottom
left until White finally returns to attack the corner enclosure in the bottom
right with the common attachment at 60.

164
 63 61 64

62 65
68 71 66 67
70 69

Moves 61–71
The fight in the lower right leads to a ko that Black takes first with 71.
White wins the ko in the end, but Black wins the game. Mi Yuting went on
to win the title.

165
 179 178
183 78 19 17 18 20 35 33 111 129 132 124
79 15 16 22 7 21 32 31 37 73 109 108 9 110 114 118 119 130
29 28 4 34 14 72 39 96 115 112 1 117 122
23 13 38 97 135 120 113 116 123 125 142
182 25 8 24 36 30 26 212 210 209 133 128 126 121 139
180 27 211 134 127 131 138 140
40 146 185 186 217 214 136 189 193 192
152 148 145 181 154 215 213 190 188 141 191
150 59 149 158 184 172 216 100 11 143
187 151 45 46 157 173 159 99 98 90 196 197
171 155 165 102 144 95 92 208 94 194 195
153 167 164 161 162 91 137 87 85 84 83
41 43 44 170 160 163 86 88 89 76 81
53 42 57 47 48 169 168 101 93 12 63 61 64 75
54 55 2 49 174 175 103 104 5 60 3 205
56 51 52 50 6 156 176 107 199 105 10 106 62 65 204
58 200 147 177 198 201 207 68 71 66 67 206
70 69 82

Moves 1–217
ko:game.
Here’s the entire 74, 77, 80; 166: connects; 202 at 42; 203 at 55

166
Game 17
This game is between two very top players. Ke Jie 9p of China is regularly
ranked number one in the world and Shin Jinseo 9p has recently been
number one in Korea. Shin Jinseo is White and Ke Jie is Black. The game
is from the second round of the international Samsung Cup and was played
on October 2, 2018, in Taejon, Korea. Ke Jie won this game by resignation
—and went on to win the title.

167
 9 8
2 5 1

6
4 7
3

Moves 1–9
Ke Jie plays a flurry of AlphaGo opening moves in this game. There is the
two space high corner enclosure in the upper right, the knight’s move
response to White’s approach to Black’s 3–4 point stone in the lower right
(as opposed to the much more common diagonal move popularized by
Shusaku—a pincer would have been the traditional move for Black 7), and
the early 3–3 invasion with Black 9 in the upper right. White again plays
the standard attack against the two space high extension at White 8 as soon

168
as possible. Normally, White would have made an extension from White 6
with 8. However, White wants to prevent Black from making efficient use
of the two space high corner enclosure.

169
 10
11 16
13 14
15 12

Moves 10–16
After a normal development in the upper left corner, White takes sente to
make the common attack on the large corner extension at 16. This attack
aims to separate Black.

170
 17

19
18

20

23

21 22

Moves 17–23
Black does not fight very hard in the upper right corner, only defending the
corner before developing at the bottom with a double approach against the
lower left corner.

171
 59

Move 59
Violent middlegame fighting then breaks out. White gets center thickness,
but Black begins a counter attack at the top with 59. It is not easy to make
use of center thickness, and Black wins in the end. It was Ke Jie’s sixth
world title win.

172
 145
66 72 67 101 102 98 100 104 87 144 143 147
68 9 10 149 61 96 94 59 99 8 140 146 142 17
70 69 11 2 150 148 105 97 95 103 106 5 16 1
71 13 14 108 107 62 122 63 118 139 60 64 19
15 12 83 86 133 109 110 119 137 173 18 187
53 52 85 84 120 134 115 195 127 174 131 65 141 186
55 79 82 111 112 125 135 188 172 132 128 138 130 182
81 78 76 80 114 136 123 124 189 121 191 129 193 194
161 160 50 57 77 113 116 126 178 192 166 165
51 49 48 46 56 190 170 177 180 20 167 196
32 35 47 58 197 179 181 175 168 169
162 31 33 34 171 202 151 199 198
164 163 23 44 42 152 203 201 200
54 26 41 91 153 92 75 156 155 6 117
30 4 24 25 40 184 74 73 154 7 93
28 27 29 21 36 37 185 183 22 88 89 3
158 157 159 43 38 39 90
176 45

Moves 1–203
Here’s the entire game.

173
Game 18
Game 18 is between the well-known top senior Chinese player Gu Li 9p,
now an “older” player (born 1983) who has won eight international titles,
more than any other current Chinese player, and Fan Yunruo 7p, in the
final round of the Qisheng (J: Kisei) preliminary tournament. It was played
on December 28, 2018. Gu Li is Black, Fan Yunruo White. White wins by
resignation after 304 moves.

174
 7 1
4

2 5 3
6

Moves 1–7
Gu Li starts with a 3–3 point play, popularized by AlphaGo and a way of
avoiding an early 3–3 invasion by the opponent after playing on a 4–4
point. The nirensei opening is very popular for White nowadays. With
Black 5, Gu Li makes the two space high enclosure, and White
immediately plays 6 on the key point for attacking this formation. Making
this play as soon as possible is becoming a common tactic. Traditionally,
White would have been expected to play in one of the corners where there

175
was only one stone. However, limiting the effectiveness of the large corner
enclosure by playing on this point is being treated as very important now.
Black does not respond locally, because that would seem inefficient and
likely to give White sente.

176
 9

Moves 8–9
After White makes a normal defensive move at 8, instead of the traditional
slide, Black makes the attachment with 9 that is also a popular move
played by AlphaGo. I discussed this move in my book Rethinking Opening
Strategy. The traditional way of playing in this situation results in a
position that is better for Black so White won’t respond to the traditional
continuation by Black in the traditional way nowadays. See the next two
diagrams.

177
 1
2 3

Black’s shape in this traditional corner pattern is clearly superior to

White’s. So if Black plays this 1 nowadays, White is unlikely to respond at
this 2. In this position, is not very useful. See the next diagram.

178
 1
A B C

Instead, White will respond to this Black 1 at A, B, C, or tenuki, or

something else. White will not respond on the 3–3 point and let Black play
at C. Go Seigen argued that this slide with Black 1 is a slow move—a
second line move in the early opening. AlphaGo doesn’t play it. The
attachment at Black 9 was known to humans before AlphaGo, but it was
normally used when White had pincered instead of making the slide in
response to Black’s approach move.

179
 11 13 B
10 9 12
A 14

Moves 9–14
White will of course respond locally to Black’s attachment with 9 lest
Black hane at A, which would be severe. (AlphaGo frequently plays
attachments to force a local response.) After White 10, is a useful stone.
Black must respond. After White 14, Black can play at A or B.

180
 15
A 17
16

Moves 15–17
Black plays for the outside instead of the corner since the latter would give
White too good a position. If White 16 is at A, Black would play at 16.

181
 A
B

20
D
18
C 19

Moves 18–20
White again avoids White A, Black B at the top—instead making use of
to attack Black’s corner enclosure. White then goes for the outside with 20
instead of trying to cut Black off at C, which would prompt Black D.

182
 22

21

Moves 21–22
Black connects to protect the corner with 21, and White erases Black’s
potential on the right side.

183
 303 302 66 248 74 54 56 55
83 11 13 15 45 44 37 38 64 63 58 46 43 48 53
89 80 10 9 12 7 17 36 65 106 274 73 47 41 42 50 1
81 39 4 14 16 34 67 68 84 280 35 40 49 51 71
118 88 82 112 111 77 96 252 59 52 228 229 70 241
266 8 108 114 113 97 98 156 286 61 60 227 232 57 243 251
265 116 268 107 260 103 99 100 155 237 62 231 94 95 242 249
267 117 87 90 253 92 110 218 102 101 104 235 195 196 187 79 240 250
91 93 115 109 221 197 191 105 186 236 198 86 188 182 184 285
282 291 263 223 216 217 194 190 189 193 230 22 179 183 279
288 145 222 211 162 220 219 214 192 199 178 176 175 180 185 246
290 283 143 144 224 153 160 161 215 239 203 177 181 245 244 273
271 292 225 226 152 158 150 296 212 297 167 205 202 204 206 207 247
270 137 33 142 148 141 151 213 166 165 169 200 201 20 209
138 78 76 28 154 147 146 149 159 164 163 168 171 210 276 277
123 119 27 2 157 131 130 299 128 170 5 208 18 3
122 25 26 140 23 133 24 129 132 127 6 172 173 21 19
124 121 31 29 30 32 139 135 134 300 174 257 256 259
126 125 120 294 293 262 258 255 254 289

Moves 1–304
69 at 37;
Here’s theko:entire
72, 75; 85: connects ko; 136: connects; 233 at 231; 234 at 227; 238:
game.
connects; 261 at 255; ko: 264, 269, 272, 275, 278, 281, 284, 287, 295, 298, 301,
304

184
Game 19
This is the second game of the Chinese Qisheng (J: Kisei) title match,
played November 13, 2018. White is Lian Xiao 9p and Black is Zhou
Ruiyang 9p: both top young Chinese pros. Zhou Ruiyang won the first
game, but Lian Xiao wins this one and the next in the title match to take
the title.

185
 2 5 1

6
4
3

Moves 1–6
After White plays the very popular nirensei opening with 2 and 4, Black
plays the two space high corner enclosure with 5. This is a common
opening pattern these days. White then approaches Black’s 3–4 point stone
in the lower right corner.

186
 13

12

10 8
7
9
11

Moves 7–13
Black chooses a well-known joseki, starting with Black 7. AlphaGo also
often plays this joseki as Black in this stituation, getting a solid corner in
sente. (Black doesn’t play a pincer much in this situation today.) Black
then makes AlphaGo’s early 3–3 point invasion in the upper left corner.

187
 25
21 20 23
24 14 31 A
26 15
22 17 18
19 16 29 32
28 30

Moves 14–32
27: connects
White blocks on the top side, aiming at the key attacking point at A. Black
chooses one of the more complicated versions of this invasion fight (see
my book Playing AlphaGo’s Early 3–3 Invasion).

188
 42
38 41

37
43
35 45 44
33 40 39 47 49 51
36 34 46 48 50 52

Moves 33–52
Black attaches with 33 to prevent White from blocking a 3–3 point
invasion on this side. Violent contact fighting erupts in the modern way
and Black gets ahead in terms of solid territory. is now well positioned
in terms of the whole board situation.

189
 68
67 66 71 70
56 57 61 60 64 62 69
63 65
58

53
59

55

54

Moves 53–71
White later attacks the upper right corner severely, leading to a long and
difficult battle in the center.

190
173 172 25 190 131 194 133 103 101 193 192 68 186 187
164 21 20 23 130 129 102 99 100 89 77 67 66 71 72 70 73
24 13 14 128 31 97 56 90 169 57 84 76 61 60 64 62 69 180
26 15 2 132 96 95 98 85 93 82 79 5 74 63 1 65 181
22 17 18 58 165 91 86 94 83 78 75
19 16 29 32 126 88 92 87 80 81 113
28 30 125 166 105 104 174 112 175
136 124 123 121 135 119 107 106 115 53
127 122 134 117 118 109 108 59
42 210 140 139 120 111 110 12 167
38 41 146 142 141 116 161 137 114 211
205 204 208 144 143 160 147 138 156 213
37 206 207 150 148 145 153 152 157 154 155 214
209 43 151 149 55 163 159 158 184 10 8
35 45 44 195 162 177 196 6 7 212
33 4 40 39 47 49 51 54 183 178 170 9 215
36 34 189 191 46 48 50 52 201 11 171 3
198 199 216
203

Moves 1–216
27: the
Here’s connects;
entire168 at 95; ko: 176, 179, 182, 185, 188, 197, 200; 202 at 102
game.

191
Game 20
This game is from the third round of the Chinese Changqi Cup, played on
April 23, 2018. White is Lian Xiao 9p and Black is Chen Yaoye 9p. Lian
Xiao is doing well in Chinese domestic tournaments and won this title in
2015. Even Ke Jie 9p is not doing as well as Lian Xiao in Chinese events,
but internationally Lian Xiao has not been as successful as Ke Jie. Chen
Yaoye 9p has won three world titles. White wins this game by one point,
using Ing rules.

192
 6
4 1

2 5 3

Moves 1–6
Chen Yaoye is well known to be a territorial player, but even he has
adopted the two space high corner enclosure from AlphaGo as more
efficient for Black even though the corner has more aji. White then
immediately makes the 3–3 point invasion in the upper right.

193
 12
9 10 8
11 7

15

13 14

Moves 7–15
A popular sequence is played in the upper right with Black, as usual,
taking sente to attack the lower left corner with 13. After White pincers
with 14, Black makes a moyo on the right side with 15.

194
 17

16

Moves 16–17
White then hits the key attacking point against the large corner enclosure
with 16. Lacking a good response locally, Black shifts to the upper left to
attack the other corner, aiming to break up the left side.

195
 18

19

Moves 18–19
White defends in the lower left with 18, and Black uses another AlphaGo
tactic by attaching with 19.

196
 32

27 25 24
31 26 20 22
28 21 23 30
29

Moves 20–32
They follow a so-called AlphaGo joseki, with Black taking the corner in
this case.

197
 45

38 43 41
33 37 34
36 39 40 35
42 44

Moves 33–45
White makes a common assault on the corner enclosure with 34, settling
down and making a solid group while getting a target to attack in the
bottom center.

198
 52
53 51

54
50

62 60 61

55 57 49
56 59

58 47
48 46

Moves 46–62
As the game develops, White uses another AlphaGo tactic with the
shoulder hit on a fourth line stone with 60.

199
 332 335 334 341 323 178 251 320 182 181 138 149 150 70 73 74
215 217 336 65 119 179 173 172 144 176 136 137 52 12 72 69 68 71
214 169 117 269 118 63 121 163 164 175 140 53 51 9 10 8 6 67 82
216 156 287 4 270 120 157 162 89 133 141 143 148 129 11 1 7 223 305
294 293 54 338 168 165 158 134 132 276 261 142 145 124 316 317 347 362
288 17 50 321 166 314 357 275 260 155 147 146 190 315 257 345 346 360
300 299 322 313 160 311 259 250 337 249 167 170 318 258 126 128 208
32 271 225 159 161 139 253 291 191 240 64 66 125 127 130
200 202 348 319 188 366 296 297 135 290 187 62 192 60 61 131 206
199 196 222 194 238 112 122 239 278 252 233 234 98 90 15 209 207
201 195 86 193 110 111 113 279 123 254 88 97 92 91 93
361 231 197 198 203 263 262 268 106 105 96 95 308
230 109 107 55 57 349 49 267 84 116 114 115 309 45
354 224 18 56 85 285 59 153 184 185 102 101 103 229 302 303 78 79
358 108 363 212 284 255 152 266 264 265 104 38 228 236 43 41
359 27 25 2 24 256 58 47 33 37 365 282 281 5 237 34 3 327
31 26 20 19 22 13 48 14 36 39 247 16 46 75 364 40 35 273 326
211 28 21 23 30 243 245 94 242 87 99 100 76 42 204 44 81 312
29 241 219 220 244 246 248 342 340 272 83 226 227

Moves 1–366
ko: 77, the
Here’s 80, entire
151, 154, 171, 174, 177, 180, 183, 186, 189; 205 at 193; ko: 210, 213,
game.
218, 221, 232, 235; 274 at 226; ko: 277, 280, 283, 286, 289, 292, 295, 298, 301,
304; 306: connects; ko: 307, 310; 324 at 149; ko: 325, 328; 329 at 251; 330:
connects; 331 at 321; 333: connects ko; 339: ko; 343 at 227; 344 at 312; 350 at
83; 351: connects; 352 at 165; 353: connects; 355 at 326; 356: connects

200
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201
Table of Contents
Using AlphaGo’s Enlarged Corner Enclosures 2
About the Author 5
Copyright Page 7
Table of Contents 8
About Go Books 201

202