The Form Factor indicates the compactness of the watershed.

F f = A/ Lb 2, where, A = Area of the watershed, and Lb = Basin length

The Mayo Watershed has a form factor value F f = 0.276 indicating that it has a low form
factor and is therefore elongated. An elongated watershed means a longer time for
rainwater to travel from the headwater to the outlet, allowing the tributaries to channel
and release to water slowly.
A. Bifurcation ratio
The bifurcation ratio is the number of streams branched of one order divided by the
number of streams branched of the next higher-order (Guisti, E.V., 1965).
This was calculated using the following formula:
Rb = N u/ N u+1, where, N u= Total number of stream segments of order ‘u’, and N u+1 =
Number of stream segments of the next higher order
The bifurcation ratio in the Mayo watershed is Rb = 2.67. As a result, a value range of
less than five (5) may be classified as low (Sukristiyanti et al., 2018). The low value
indicates that geologic structures do not affect the drainage pattern.
B. Elongation ratio
This parameter is a similar measure with circulatory ratio. Values indicate if a watershed
is elongated or circular (Sukristiyanti et al., 2018).
Re = (2/ Lb)[(A/π)0.5], where, A = Area of the watershed, and Lb = Basin length

The Mayo watershed has an elongation ratio Re =0.5921 or 0.6. Based on Schumm
(1956), the elongation values can be grouped into five categories, as such., circular
(0.9–1.0), oval (0.8–0.9), less elongated (0.7–0.8), elongated (0.5–0.7), and more
elongated (<0.5). According to Thomas et al. (2012), watersheds with elongated shapes
are characterized by flat hydrograph for a longer duration with a low slope of the rising
and recession limbs. Furthermore, the low form factor and elongation ratio values
suggested a lower chance of occurrence of heavy rainfall covering the entire area, and
hence lesser vulnerability to flash floods and as a result easier flood management than
those of the circular basin (Pandey et al., 2004).
C. Circulatory ratio
The ratio of the area of the basin to the area of the circle having the same
circumference as the basin perimeter.
Rc = (4πA)/ P2, where, A = Area of the watershed, and P = Perimeter

Mayo watershed has a circulatory value of Rc = 0.48. The value of the circularity ratio
varies from 0 to 1. A circular basin has a maximum efficiency