Uniti Grammar @ Present time: present simple, present continuous, present perfect simple, present perfect continuous, stative verbs Present simple Form statement: Vyou/we/they travel... Helshefit travels Wyou/we/they don'ttravel.. _He/she/it doesn't travel... Dol/youMwelthey travel..? Does he/she/ittravel..? Use Example Current habits Toby walks towork, ‘To talk about how often things happen “Angela doesn't vsitus very often, i Permanent situations Carlo works ina wavel agent’ | States, Do you have an up-to-date passport? General truths and facts Poland isin the European Unio @LZ® We canalso use do/does in present simple statements for emphasis. yiarch 8 You don't like going by bus,doyou?’Actualy.! do like going by bus for short alstances.” The busisn't quicker than the train but It does stop right outside the factory. Present continuous Form statement egati You/we/they are driving .. He/she/Itis driving... Im not driving ...You/we/they aren't driving ot You're/we're/they're not driving .. He/she/itisn't driving ... ot He's/she's/it's not driving question: Am/ driving ..? Are you/werthey driving ..?1s he/she/it driving ..? Use Example | ‘Actions happening now ‘Mike Is driving to work at the moment. f Temporary seties of actions Taxldivers aren't stopping atthe wal station because ofthe roadworks} Temporary situations Are they staying ina hotel near the Olymple stadium? Changing and developing situations ___| Holidays abroad are becoming increasingly popular. ‘Annoying habits (usually with aways) Dads alvrays cleaning the car when want tous i ile Present perfect simple Form have/has + past participle statement: you/we/they have flown He/she/t has flown . negative: Uyou/we/they haven'tflown... __He/she/ithasn'tflown... question: Havel/you/weltheyflown..? ‘Has he/shel/lt flown..? | Use Example Sitwatons and states that started Inthe past and ae stil ue She's had her motorbike for over six years. We've travelled by text, bus plane and train ~ alin Aseries of actions continuing up to now te ketnepton tau Completed actions at atime in the past which isnotmentioned _| Have youeverflown in ahelicopter? Completed actions where the important thing isthe present result _| ve booked the coach tickets, 6Present timo: present simple, present continuous, present perfect simple, prosent perfact continuous, stative verbs Unit 1 (© Phrases such asi the fist/second/etc time... are followed by the present perfect simple, ¥_Itsthesecond time I've been on aplane. © Speakers of American English often use the past simple in situations where speakers of British English would use the present perfect simple. US: We already saw the Sphinx. UK: We've already seen the Sphinx, © Speakers of American English use gotten asthe past participle ofthe verb’get; except when ‘get’ means‘have'or’possess. Speakers of British English only ever use got. US: Weve already gotten Dan a new backpack for hs summer vacation. UK: Weve already got Dan a new rucksack for his summer holiday. Present perfect continuous Form statement: /you/we/theyhave been travelling... He/she/it has been travelling . negative: you/we/they havent been tra Hefshefit hasn't been travelling question: Have /you/we/they been travelli Has he/she/t been travelling 2 { Use Example ‘Actions continuing up to the present mament We have been drivin fr hous. Conttwe havea breaksoon? | Actions stopping justbetorethepresent moment ___| In outofbreath because ve been running get herein tine. ‘The present perfect continuous is often used with words and phrases lke all day/week/year/etc, for, since, just etc. We've been walking for hours and {need a est. © The present perfect continuous is not normally used with the words everand never, V Have you ever flown ina helcopter before? X -Haveyou-everbeen fying inatelicoptertefore? © Sometimes there is very litle differance in meaning between the present perfect simple and the present perfect continuous and sometimes there is a difference in meaning. ¥. Thave worked at the airport forfour years.= have been working at the airport forfour years. ¥ thave read that book about cruise ships.(|have finished it) Ihave been reading that book about cruise ships.(t have not finished it) Stative verbs Statlve verbs are not normally used in continuous tenses because they don't describe actions. ¥ |seewhat you mean. XK -tam-seeingwhatyoumean— Suave ves fen refer: ect thinking believe,imagine, know, mean, think, understand existence be,exist emotions hate, like, love, need, prefer, satisfy, want the human senses hear, see, smell, sound, taste appearance appear look, resemble,seem possession and relationships between things belong to,consist of, have, Include, Involve,own (AZo some verbs such as be,have,imagine, took se, smell ast, think) are stative with one meaning yet out and non-stative with another meaning. ¥ Doyou have your plane ticket with you? (state: possession) ¥ Are you having lunch at the moment? (action: eating)Unit 1 Grammar A Circle the correct word or phrase. 1 Nouawn Elizabeth usually goes /1s usually going to bed at around eleven o'clock. Dan talks /1s talking on the other phone right now. We don’t eat / aren't eating any meat at the moment as we're both on a diet. Does air travel get /Is air travel getting increasingly safe? My mum calls /is calling me every weekend without How much do babysitters generally earn / are babysitters generally earning? You always come / You're always coming up with excuses for not having done your homework. It’s so annoying! don’t go /1’m not going out much during the week but l always try /I'm always trying to go out somewhere on Saturday night. No,the train does stop /Is stopping at Cirencester on Saturdays. My mum takes /Is taking part in ice-skating competitions almost every weekend, B Rewrite correctly. Change the words or phrases in bold, My dad Is often getting up late on Saturday mornings. Are you speaking any other languages apart from English? already buy all my Christmas presents and it’s only October! It’s the first time 'm ever having a party at home. Actually | think Darren does works quite hard sometimes, Carlo Is never eating Chinese food before. Sean already books a table for tonight. Needs Melanie any help painting her ne € Complete using the correct form of the verb in brackets. 10 Hs the first tiMe senennnmnnnn (W/ever/ eat) octopus! Sandy .. +» (Rot/ see) his sister since she went to university. They vo {go} on holiday to Spain and won't be back until the end of, the month, Poor Tracy! She ue .- (write) that essay for hours now and she still hasn't finished! (you / ever / meet) anyone famous? » (I/ try) to get in touch with Jenny all morning but | can't find her anywhere, (1/ not finish) the book yet so I can't tell you what happens. (you /already / decide) where you're going this summer? (We /live) here for the last six years, {1/ never / hear) such nonsense! 1Prosont tino: prosent simple, prosent continous, presont porfct simple, prosent porfoct continous, stativo verbs Unit 1 D Complete using the words in the box. ras ever s for. just « rarely « since « so « sf Have YOU ne dreamt of winning the lottery? thaven’t worked out how to set the timer on the Vide0 nom My dad's lived in the same HOUSE wunmssmunm he Was DOr, The film's only been on w» a couple of minutes. Bruce has knocked three men out of the competition swnnnnmanm fa 1 . get the chance to get any exercise —I'm just too busy. He's only .. got home. It’s eleven o'clock and Todd Fe never met RUM sun Have you finished hasn't come home.Where could he be? om What's she like? 2 That was quick! So@mvauawna E Choose the correct answer. 1 lan. ». a shower at the moment, 6 = That's the first time » ananswer 50 could you cal back'in about half an right today! hour? A lget A takes B lamgetting B istaking C Ihave got C has taken D Ihave been getting © has been taking 7 Jessica has sn left, afraid. 2 to Ipswich before? ‘A already A Doyou ever go B yet B Are youever going ¢ stl C Have you ever been D sofar © Have you ever been going 8 Dan .. in the living room while: 3} seuss tall the local newspapers we redecorate his bedroom. andTTV stations to complain. A sleeps A already write B issleeping B already writing C hasslept © havealready written D does sleep © have already been writing 9 Unfortunately, Simone sun. aday 4 sennuee TV for the last four hours? Turn off very often. itoff and get some exercise! A doesn't get A Do you watch B isn’t getting B Are youwatching © hasn't got C Watched you D hasn't been getting D Have you been watching 10 Actually, acup of tea first 5 Etc, neu hockey competitively or thing every morning but then | switch just for fun? to coffee, ‘A doyou usually play A dodrink B are you usually playing B amdrinking C have you usually played © have drunk D have you usually been playing D have been drinkingUnit 1 Grammar F Complete using the correct form of the words in the hox. jem + understand be « disagree « do + Include « know « look + see + Ancient aviators? Everyone (1) eesirmennn that humans have been flying for only a few hundred years. But 2) It possible that ancient civilizations also had the ability and technology to fly? In the Nazcan Desert in southern Peru, there are hundreds of lines which an ancient culture drew in the dust, On the ground, they just (3) ike straight lines, But when you @) hem from the air,you (8) exactly what they are. They are incredible and enormous pictures. The pictures (6) w»: animals, birds and symbols. One bizarre theory, which most mainstream scientists (7) wm With, is that the people who made the lines thousands and thousands of years ago flew above the lines in balloons. It (8) simone Incredible, but a few people (9)... lieve it’s possible. G Match to make sentences, [thik cnn darker hair than her sister. 'm thinking ''m going to buy the new Racetrack CD. PhI'SIOOKING ssnenne ahalrcut at the moment, Phil looks for his glasses. Have you seen them? Claire has Claire is having .. Andy Is sn Andy is being .. not old enough to drive a cat of getting Dad a CD for his birthday. very annoying at the moment! like he needs a holiday! evausune ZoOmmonaD H Find the extra word in each line. International friends ve been to travelling round Europe all summer. It’s the first time I've ever been going abroad, and I've had a fantastic time! I've seen, loads of interesting places and | have to also made loads of new friends, t've been deckded to stay in touch with them now I'n back.One of them, Giselle, is French. She was making on holiday too, We now send text messages are to each other all the time. They'te usually in English because my French isn't very good! fm planning to have visit her in France next year sometime. hope | can. am love meeting people from other countries! want to have had lots of friends from all over the world! Travelling certainly broadens the mind but it also Is broadens your circle of fiends! J EE eee ete i wevaunsuns 10Present tine: present sinple, present continuous, present perfect simple, present perfect continuous, state verbs Unit 1 T Write one word in each gap. "You've (1) looking at that timetable for the last ten minutes. t can't be that confusing!’ said Shella angrily. 1Q). . wish you'd be quiet I've (3) a splitting headache thanks to yout’ replied Matt. ‘Mumt Dadi Please!’ said Allson. You're both (4) very silly. (5). isno point at all in blaming each other. That's not going to help us find out what time the next train to Budapest Is due to leave’ YOU (6) enrsnsnnnane Quite right, darling.|(7) .. sorty,’sald Sheila ‘Me too, mumbled Matt.’Now, let's have another look at this timetable. Well, It (8) «om like we (9) definitely missed the last train today. That was the 18.20 we just missed, wasn’t it?” (10) s0/'said Sheila. mean, it did leave at 18.20.Whether its actually going to Budapest or not is another question. “Well, one thing is (11) in doubt,'said Matt. “What's that?'asked Sheila and Alison together, "This is the worst holiday we've (12) been on/ said Matt,'Next year, we're going to tty something far less adventurous! ‘Agreed!'said Sheila and Alison. ‘Complete each second! sentence using the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Write between two and five words in each gap. 1 What's the price of the tickets, jimmy? much How on vn 2 Arethese your trainers? to Oo .. : ae 3 Sasha's not keen on team sports at all. Sasha . team sports at all, 4 Its onlyhersecond time in a recording studio, been She ww in a recording studio once before. 5 Wegot here three hours ago. have We .» three hours. 6 _ | started writing this hours ago and its still not right. writing ' w» hours and it’ still not right. 7 Thisis my first experience of flying alone, time Itis the first... : alone, 8 Sharon’sin the bath at the moment. a Sharon t the moment. 9 Paul enjoys surprises apart from on his birthday, does PAUL anon . surprises, just not on his birthday! "