Angielski W Pracy I Biznesie

w pracy i biznesie
Intensywny kurs w 30 lekcjach

• Ksià˝ka + audio CD
eBOOK • Praktyczny j´zyk biznesu
• Aktualna i nowoczesna tematyka
• ˚ywe dialogi
wydawnictwo LINGO
Hubert Karbowy
ANGIELSKI
w pracy i biznesie
Intensywny kurs
w 30 lekcjach
Konsultacja metodyczna:
dr Grzegorz Âpiewak
Redaktor serii: Marek Jannasz
Redakcja i korekta: Pawe∏ Pokora

Lektorzy: Victoria Atkinson, Richard Baker, Andy Edwins, Mi∏ogost Reczek
Dêwi´k i monta˝: Dawid Czernicki
Projekt ok∏adki serii: 2-arts, Marcin Rojek

Projekt makiety i opracowanie graficzne: Studio 27, biuro@studio27.pl
Zdjćie na ok∏adce: © pressmaster / Fotolia.com
© Copyright by Wydawnictwo Lingo sp.j., Warszawa 2013
www.jezykinieobce.pl
ISBN: 978-83-7892-203-2
Sk∏ad i ∏amanie: Studio 27

Druk i oprawa: ReadMe
Spis treÊci
Wst´p 6 Unit 6 38
Progress check (Sprawdê si´!)
Unit 1 8
Mr Andrew Jones,
Anna and Mr Nowak Unit 7 40
Business presentations: En-Light
Nazwy zawodów. Powitania, po˝egnania i
tytu∏owanie. Kraje, narodowoÊci i miasta.
Czasownik shall. Cechy produktów. Prezentacja biznesowa.
Zadawanie pytaƒ do prezentacji. Przymiotniki
Unit 2 14 w stopniu wy˝szym i najwy˝szym. Wyra˝enia:
At the job centre as..as, in comparison to, unlike, still.
S∏ownictwo dotyczàce zatrudnienia. Unit 8 48

Czasownik would. Czasowniki z∏o˝one: look,
turn. List motywacyjny. Marketing: A new toothpaste
Unit 3 20 S∏ownictwo opisujàce rynek. Czasownik do.

A job interview J´zyk potoczny. Porównywanie: wyra˝enia z
like i as. Zwroty: I wish, It’s high time.
Pytania podczas rozmowy o prac´. Czas
Present Perfect. Przymiotniki z koƒcówkami -
ing oraz -ed. Krótkie zwroty na poczàtku i Unit 9 54
koƒcu zdania. Meetings: Fragrance DeLuxe
Unit 4 26
Zebrania. Zwroty let’s i how about.
FineBody: Company organization S∏ownictwo dotyczàce reklamy.
Opisywanie struktury firmy. Rodzajniki: a/an,
the, ø. ¸àczenie zdaƒ. Unit 10 60
Human Resources: Kick out the IT
Unit 5 32
My working day
S∏ownictwo dotyczàce spraw kadrowych.
Opisywanie pracy. Czas Simple Present. Czasowniki modalne: can, could, may, might.
Tworzenie rzeczowników. Czasowniki make i do. Umowa o prac´.
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl 3
Spis treÊci
Unit 11 68 Unit 16 96
Planning: Bookings and arrangements:
Sunny Vale Inc. Lake Hotel
Wyra˝anie przysz∏oÊci. Czasowniki seem W hotelu i w podró˝y. Rozmowa przez

telefon. Formu∏owanie pytaƒ z czasownikami
i appear. Rzeczowniki i czasowniki.
posi∏kowymi, modalnymi oraz zwrotami
wh-. UprzejmoÊç.
Unit 12 74
Progress check (Sprawdê si´!) Unit 17 104
Negotiations: If I buy...
Unit 13 76
An order: MCL Ceny i p∏atnoÊci. Negocjowanie. Pierwszy tryb
warunkowy. Czasownik put.
Sk∏adanie zamówienia. Czasowniki say
oraz tell. Konstrukcja have sth done.
Unit 18 112
Progress check (Sprawdê si´!)
Unit 14 82
A factory tour Unit 19 114
Report: Primrose Language
Oprowadzanie goÊci. There oraz it na School
poczàtku zdania. Porównanie czasów Present
Simple i Present Continuous. Zwroty much, S∏ownictwo dotyczàce rentownoÊci.
more, much more i many more. Raport. Strona bierna: to be + Past Participle.
J´zyk formalny.
Unit 15 88
Unit 20 122
Small talk: Berlin?
Complaints: Spoiled food
That’s interesting
Sk∏adanie i przyjmowanie reklamacji.
Rozmowa towarzyska. Czasowniki can i could. Bezokolicznik z to oraz forma -ing.
Czasownik get. Korespondencja firmowa.
4
Spis treÊci
Unit 21 130 Unit 26 158

Tax: pay or die Competition: No. 1
S∏ownictwo zwiàzane z podatkami. Czasowniki Konkurencja i rynek. Drugi tryb warunkowy.

S∏owa each, every, all. Wyra˝enia potoczne z
modalne: must, have to, need to. Czas
czasownikiem be.
Present Perfect Continuous z for oraz since.
Unit 22 136 Unit 27 164

Company history: City Design E-commerce: Trendy T’s online
Historia firmy. Czasy przesz∏e: Simple Past, Biznes w Internecie. Zwroty poprzedzajàce
Past Continuous, Past Perfect. Czasowniki pytania. Akcentowanie kwestii.
modalne opisujàce zdarzenia w przesz∏oÊci.
Unit 28 170
Unit 23 144 Law: The old witch
Accounting and Finance S∏ownictwo zwiàzane z prawem i sàdami.
Przytaczanie cudzych wypowiedzi (mowa
S∏ownictwo zwiàzane z rachunkowoÊcià i zale˝na). Czasownik set.
finansami. Rodziny wyrazów. Wyra˝enia z
przyimkami at, for, in, on. Unit 29 176
Ethics: Elephants in the room
Unit 24 150
Etyka w biznesie i przest´pstwa gospodarcze.
Progress check (Sprawdê si´!) J´zyk neutralny. Idiomy w j´zyku biznesowym.
Unit 25 152
The Stock Exchange: Bears and Unit 30 184
bulls Progress check (Sprawdê si´!)
Gie∏da i akcje. Opisywanie trendów i zmian. S∏owniczek skrótów 186

Rzeczowniki. Zwroty other, the other, another.
Porównanie little i a little oraz few i a few. S∏owniczek angielsko-polski 187
Wst´p
ANGIELSKI w pracy i biznesie

eÊli chcesz samodzielnie opanowaç godnie z najnowszymi trendami w meto-
J zasób s∏ownictwa, wyra˝eƒ j´zykowych Z dyce nauczania j´zyka obcego oraz zale-
i struktur w j´zyku angielskim, umo˝liwiajàcy ceniami Rady Europy, „ANGIELSKI w pracy
skuteczne w kontakty zawodowe, towarzyskie i biznesie” k∏adzie nacisk przede wszystkim na
i handlowe, „ANGIELSKI w pracy i biznesie” sukces w pos∏ugiwaniu si´ j´zykiem, a nie
jest ksià˝kà w∏aÊnie dla Ciebie! jedynie na poprawnoÊç gramatycznà. To kurs
dla ludzi zaj´tych, szukajàcych skutecznego
To pewnie nie pierwszy Twój kontakt z j´- narz´dzia w nauce j´zyka. Jest to tak˝e kurs in-
zykiem angielskim – mo˝e uczy∏eÊ si´ go przez tensywny, co znaczy, ˝e uczàc si´ z nami nie
jakiÊ czas w szkole, na lektoracie, lub w szkole tracisz czasu i mo˝esz robiç szybkie post´py,
prywatnej. Notatki gdzieÊ si´ jednak zawieru- wykorzystujàc to, czego ju˝ si´ kiedyÊ nauczy-
szy∏y, s∏ówka i zwroty ulecia∏y z pamići. ∏eÊ, by szybko iÊç do przodu, poznawaç mnó-
Pozosta∏ za to strach przed pope∏nieniem stwo przydatnego s∏ownictwa, przyswajaç,
b∏´du i przys∏owiowym „zapomnieniem j´zyka gotowe do natychmiastowego wykorzystania
w g´bie”. MyÊlisz byç mo˝e, ˝e warto by∏oby zwroty i frazy. Pozwoli Ci to nabraç pewnoÊci
raz jeszcze powtórzyç podstawy j´zyka, ale siebie w szeregu typowych sytuacji profesjo-
jednoczeÊnie nie dreptaç w miejscu, nie nudziç nalnych i towarzyskich, w których trzeba coÊ
si´ banalnymi „czytankami” i ˝mudnymi çwi- powiedzieç lub napisaç po angielsku.
czeniami gramatycznymi. My to rozumiemy!
Piszàc t´ ksià˝k´, chcieliÊmy Ci´ przede O tempie i sposobie nauki decydujesz jed-
wszystkim zaciekawiç. W naszym przeÊwiad- nak samodzielnie, zale˝nie od w∏asnych po-
czeniu jest to najlepszy bodziec do nauki. trzeb, mo˝liwoÊci i chći. U∏atwia to struktura
Mamy nadziej´, ˝e nasze teksty, dialogi ca∏ego kursu, jak i poszczególnych lekcji.
i ciekawostki b´dziesz czyta∏ z du˝ym zaintere- Ksià˝ka dzieli si´ na trzydzieÊci lekcji. Ka˝da
sowaniem i przyjemnoÊcià! jednostka lekcyjna sk∏ada si´ z dialogu lub
6
Wst´p
krótkiego tekstu, s∏ownictwa, objaÊnieƒ gra- bole z numerami odpowiadajàcych im

02
matycznych i j´zykowych („Jak to dzia∏a?”) Êcie˝ek – nie musisz wić skakaç po p∏ycie
oraz çwiczeƒ wraz z kluczem. åwiczenia najle- w poszukiwaniu w∏aÊciwego nagrania.
piej rozwiàzywaç po zapoznaniu si´ z dialo-
giem, s∏ownictwem i cz´Êcià poÊwićonà Symbole odsy∏ajà do towarzyszàcego
gramatyce i funkcjom j´zykowym. ksià˝ce programu multimedialnego, który
poszerza mo˝liwoÊci kursu o interaktywne
o przestudiowaniu pićiu regularnych jed-
P nostek lekcyjnych masz szans´ samo-
sposoby nauki z wykorzystaniem komputera
(dotyczy pe∏nego pakietu multimedialnego
dzielnie sprawdziç swoje post´py. Lekcja po- z do∏àczonà p∏ytà CD-ROM; jeÊli kupi∏eÊ wersj´
wtórkowa („Sprawdê si´!”) to zestaw çwiczeƒ tylko z p∏ytà audio, CD-ROM mo˝esz w ka˝dej
utrwalajàcych materia∏ z pićiu poprzednich chwili zamówiç w internecie na stronie
lekcji, a tak˝e krzy˝ówka, s∏u˝àca Twojej www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl).
rozrywce.
Najwa˝niejsze jest jednak to, ˝e korzysta-

Nieocenionà pomocà w przyswajaniu pra- jàc z naszego kursu poznajesz ˝ywy j´zyk,
wid∏owej wymowy czy nauce rozumienia czytasz i s∏uchasz dialogów na aktualne
ze s∏uchu sà umieszczone na p∏ycie audio CD tematy, uczysz odnajdywaç si´ w ˝yciowych
nagrania, dokonane przez rodowitych sytuacjach.
Anglików. Przy wszystkich fragmentach ksià˝-
ki, które zosta∏y nagrane, umieÊciliÊmy sym- Z ˝yczeniami sukcesów w nauce
Zespó∏ autorów i redaktorów Lingo
1. Mr Andrew Jones...
01 ANDREW: Excuse me, I’m looking for Ms Anna Grosz...
ANNA: Yes, that’s me. Can I help?
ANDREW: Hello. My name’s Andrew Jones. I’m from Q-Service.
ANNA: Oh, hello Andrew! Good to see you here in Cracow!
ANDREW: Good to see you too, Anna. You have a very nice office.
ANNA: Thanks. How was your flight?
ANDREW: A bit tiresome. Fortunately it didn’t take long.
ANNA: Yes, two hours from London is not that much. Oh, here
comes my boss. Let me introduce you.
ANNA: Mr Nowak... I’d like to introduce you to Mr Andrew Jones,

the regional sales manager for Q-Service in London.
Andrew, this is Mr Stefan Nowak, our MD.
STEFAN: How do you do, Mr Jones? We’re happy that you accepted
the invitation to visit us. Welcome to Poland.
ANDREW: Thank you. This is very kind.
STEFAN: Shall we go into my office? I’d like to know if...
STEFAN: ... well, I’m sure that our co-operation will be successful.
ANDREW: So am I, Mr Nowak.
STEFAN: Please, call me Stefan. And... can I call you Andrew?
ANDREW: Of course, no problem.
STEFAN: Thanks. When is your flight back to London, then?
ANDREW: In three days. But tomorrow I’m off to Prague to see our
client there.
STEFAN: In this case maybe we can have dinner tonight?
Seven p.m.?
ANDREW: That’d be a pleasure. Seven p.m. is fine. Shall we meet
here?
STEFAN: All right. And then we’ll go to an excellent Polish
restaurant.
ANDREW: Can’t wait. See you at seven then.
STEFAN: Yes, goodbye!
8
UNIT 1
S∏ownictwo-
I’m looking for... – Szukam... invitation – zaproszenie
My name’s... – Nazywam si´... This is very kind – To bardzo
I’m from... – Jestem z... mi∏e
flight – lot Shall we go? – Mo˝e pójdziemy?
tiresome – mćzàcy So do I – Ja te˝
Here comes my boss – Mój szef Call me Stefan – Mów mi
nadchodzi Stefan
Let me introduce you – Pozwól, I’m off to Prague – Jad´ do
˝e ci´ przedstawi´ Pragi
This is... – To jest... In this case – W takim razie
MD (Managing Director) That’d be a pleasure – B´dzie
– dyrektor generalny, prezes mi bardzo mi∏o
How do you do? – Mi∏o pana (I) Can’t wait – Nie mog´ si´
poznaç doczekaç
accept – przyjàç, akceptowaç see you – do zobaczenia
Wićej s∏ówek i zwrotów-

I’m here... – Jestem tu... ~ checkout operator (cashier)
~ on holiday – na wakacjach – kasjerem
~ on business – w interesach ~ construction worker
~ for a conference – robotnikiem budowlanym
– na konferencji ~ director – dyrektorem
~ to see my customer – spotkaç ~ doctor – lekarzem
si´ z moim klientem ~ driver – kierowcà
~ engineer – in˝ynierem
I work... – Pracuj´... ~ lawyer – prawnikiem
~ at a university ~ manager – mened˝erem
– na uniwersytecie ~ nurse – piel´gniarkà
~ for AirTechnic – dla AirTechnic ~ receptionist – recepcjonistkà
~ in a trade company – w firmie ~ salesperson – sprzedawcà
handlowej ~ sales representative
– przedstawicielem handlowym
I’m a/an... – Jestem... ~ secretary – sekretarkà
~ accountant – ksi´gowym ~ teacher – nauczycielem
~ assistant – asystentkà ~ waiter – kelnerem
~ cleaner – sprzàtaczkà
Mr Andrew Jones, Anna and Mr Nowak
Jak to dzia∏a?-
Powitanie, po˝egnanie, formy grzecznoÊciowe
Przy powitaniu i po˝egnaniu u˝ywamy typowych zwrotów:
Good morning. / Good afternoon. (Dzieƒ dobry!)

Good evening. (Dobry wieczór!)
How do you do? (Mi∏o mi.) – uwaga: odpowiedê brzmi
równie˝ ’How do you do?’
It’s good (nice) to meet you. (Mi∏o pana poznaç.)
Welcome to Poland. (Witamy w Polsce.)
Goodbye! (Do widzenia.) – formalnie lub neutralnie
See you! (Do zobaczenia.) – nieformalnie
W sytuacjach oficjalnych u˝ywamy tytu∏u, imienia i nazwiska:
I’m looking for Ms Anna Grosz. (Szukam pani Anny Grosz.)

I’d like to introduce you to Mr Andrew Jones. (Prosz´ pozwoliç,
˝e przedstawi´ pana Andrew Jonesa.)
This is Mr Stefan Nowak. (To jest pan Stefan Nowak.)
I’d like you to meet Professor Anthony Spencer. (Prosz´ poznaç
profesora Anthony’ego Spencera.)
Po imieniu zwracamy si´ do osób, z którymi znamy si´ bli˝ej:
Oh, hello Andrew! (Witaj, Andrew!) – Andrew nie rozpozna∏

Anny, ale najwidoczniej znajà si´ ju˝ z korespondencji.
Mo˝emy zaproponowaç przejÊcie na „ty”:
Please, call me Stefan. (Mów mi Stefan.)

Can I call you Andrew? (Czy mog´ mówiç do pana Andrew?)
Cz´sto mówimy jakiÊ komplement lub zadajemy pytania:
You have a very nice office. (Ma pani bardzo ∏adne biuro.)
How was your flight? (Jak uda∏ si´ lot?)
10
UNIT 1
Kraje, narodowoÊci i miasta
Przedstawiajàc si´ mówimy, skàd jesteÊmy:
I’m from Poland. (Jestem z Polski.)

I’m Polish. (Jestem Polakiem.)
Zwracamy szczególnà uwag´ na innà od polskiej wymow´ nazw krajów

i narodowoÊci:
Austria – Austrian, Belgium – Belgian, China – Chinese,

France – French, Germany – German, Greece – Greek,
Hungary – Hungarian, Ireland – Irish, Italy – Italian,
Japan – Japanese, the Netherlands – Dutch, Spain – Spanish,
Portugal – Portuguese, Russia – Russian, Switzerland – Swiss,
Turkey – Turkish, the UK – British, the USA – American.
Wymowa i pisownia wielu nazw miast w j´zyku angielskim znacznie ró˝ni

si´ od ich polskich odpowiedników:
Athens (Ateny), Beijing (Pekin), Brussells (Bruksela),

Budapest (Budapeszt), Edinburgh (Edynburg), Geneva (Genewa),
Istanbul (Stambu∏), Jerusalem (Jerozolima), Lisbon (Lizbona),
London (Londyn), Milan (Mediolan), Moscow (Moskwa),
Munich (Monachium), Naples (Neapol), New York (Nowy Jork),
Paris (Pary˝), Prague (Praga), Rome (Rzym), Vienna (Wiedeƒ),
Warsaw (Warszawa), Washington (Waszyngton), Zurich (Zurych).
Shall
Przy pomocy s∏ówka shall, po którym wyst´puje czasownik w bezokoliczniku,

wyra˝amy propozycj´ zrobienia czegoÊ wspólnie z naszym rozmówcà.
Shall we go into my office? (Pójdziemy do mnie do biura?)

Shall we meet here? (Spotkamy si´ tutaj?)
Mr Andrew Jones, Anna and Mr Nowak
åwiczenia–
1. U∏ó˝ wypowiedzi w odpowiedniej kolejnoÊci tak, by powsta∏ sensowny dialog.
a. .... Excuse me, I’m looking e. .... How do you do?

for Mr James Morgan. f. .... How was your journey?
b. .... Ah, yes. How do you g. .... Sure.
do Ms Johnson? h. .... Good morning, I’m Monica
c. .... Yes, four hours on Johnson from N2 Ltd.
a plane is much. Sorry, i. .... The flight was OK but quite
can I call you Monica? long.
d. .... Yes, that’s me. Can I help?
2. Dopasuj wypowiedzi 1–5 do a–e tak, by utworzyç sensowne mini-dialogi.
a. Is this your first time in 1. .... Thank you, I like it too.

London? 2. .... Yes, the plane was very
b. When do you plan to go back? comfortable.
c. Did you have a good flight? 3. .... Now it’s sunny but quite cold.
d. You have a nice office. 4. .... Yes, it is. It’s a beautiful city.
e. How is the weather in 5. .... My return flight is on
Munich? Monday.
3. U∏ó˝ zdania z podanych poni˝ej s∏ów.
1. Henry / me / please / call .......................

2. I’d like / to / Mr Jains / you / to / introduce .......................
3. we / to / tonight/ shall / go / a restaurant ....................... ?
4. Warsaw /see / you / to / in / good ....................... !
5. work / taxi / as / I / a / driver .......................
4. Kto mówi poni˝sze zdania? Dopisz nazwy zawodów obok ka˝dej wypowiedzi.
1. ’That’s £17.50, please... Eighteen... 50p change. Thank you!’ ...

2. ’You are in room 212. It’s on the second floor.’ ...
3. ’Your homework is exercise 5 on page 21.’ ...
4. ’Ready to order, sir? Madam?’ ...
5. ’That’s a very bad cold. Here, take these pills twice a day’. ...
12
UNIT 1
5. Quiz – uzupe∏nij tabelk´ wpisujàc w odpowiednie miejsca angielskie

nazwy krajów, narodowoÊci i miast.
country nationality city

1. Russia R...................... M......................
2. USA A...................... N......................
3. P...................... Polish W......................
4. C...................... Chinese B......................
5. H...................... H...................... Budapest
6. S...................... S...................... Geneva
6. Dopasuj sytuacje a–e do propozycji 1–5.
1. I don’t like this restaurant. a. Shall we begin the meeting?

2. Oh, I’m so thirsty. b. Shall we have a drink?
3. Good... is everybody here? c. Shall we continue our
4. This is a very big factory. conversation tomorrow?
5. I’m afraid there’s very d. Shall we go somewhere else?
little time left today. e. Shall we visit the production
line first?
Dutch courage...
Jednym z najbardziej „ukochanych” narodów przez Anglików sà Holendrzy.
W j´zyku angielskim istnieje wiele zwrotów odnoszàcych si´ do tej nacji,
nie zawsze nacechowanych pozytywnie. Przyk∏adowo, double Dutch
(„podwójny holenderski”) to okreÊlenie niezrozumia∏ego j´zyka, be∏kotu,
„chiƒszczyzny”. Dutch courage („holenderska odwaga”) oznacza jazd´ po
pijaku, Dutch concert („holenderski koncert”) to inna nazwa na kakofoni´
dêwi´ków, a powiedzenie to be in Dutch oznacza „byç w k∏opotach”.
Oprócz tego, Let’s go Dutch („Zróbmy to po holendersku”) mo˝na u˝yç
w restauracji – oznacza to, ˝e nie ma sponsora i ka˝dy p∏aci za siebie!
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
5 Hungary, Hungarian 6 Switzerland, Swiss 6. 4e b2 1d 5c 3a
5 a doctor 5. 1 Russian, Moscow 2 American, New York 3 Poland, Warsaw 4 China, Beijing
5 I work as a taxi driver. 4. 1 a checkout operator 2 a receptionist 3 a teacher 4 a waiter
to introduce you to Mr Jains. 3 Shall we go to a restaurant tonight? 4 Good to see you in Warsaw!
1. 1a 2d 3h 4b 5e 6f 7i 8c 9g 2. 1d 2c 3e 4a 5b 3. 1 Please call me Henry. 2 I’d like
2. At the job centre
02 JANICE: Good afternoon. Can I ask about job offers here?
CLERK: Of course. What kind of job are you looking for?
JANICE: A shop assistant would be perfect. Or something
secretarial.
CLERK: All right. Let’s look at the offers... How about this one?
PMK and Partners – it’s for a receptionist.
JANICE: What are the requirements?
CLERK: It says ’the candidate must have good telephone skills and
work on their own initiative. A good command of spoken
and written English. Computer literacy useful but not
essential’.
JANICE: And what would I have to do?
CLERK: Nothing very demanding, from what I see.
Meeting–greeting clients, typing, filing, correspondence....
JANICE: I see. Is there anything else?
CLERK: A lot, but the offers are all similar.
JANICE: Hmm... What about advertisements for shop assistants?
CLERK: Just a moment... Here’s something interesting. It’s a fashion
boutique – 35 hours per week, Monday to Friday, 10 a.m.
to 6 p.m.
JANICE: OK. How much do they offer?
CLERK: The salary is £15,000 per year plus commission on each
item the client buys.
JANICE: That sounds really promising. Do they provide training?
CLERK: Yes, but previous experience is required and they’re also
asking for references.
JANICE: Hmm... I worked as a shop assistant when I was a student.
I’ll give it a try. How do I apply?
CLERK: Here you are, take this printout. Call the number at the
bottom.
JANICE: OK, thanks a lot. I hope they won’t turn me down...
CLERK: You’re welcome. Good luck!
14
UNIT 2
S∏ownictwo-
job offer – oferta pracy What would I have to do?
What kind of... – Jakiego rodzaju... – Co musia∏abym robiç?
something secretarial – coÊ meeting–greeting clients
w rodzaju pracy sekretarki – witanie klientów
requirements – wymagania filing – segregowanie
telephone skills – umiej´tnoÊç correspondence – korespondencja
prowadzenia rozmów tel. salary – pensja
own initiative – w∏asna inicjatywa commission on each item
good command of spoken and – prowizja od ka˝dej sztuki
written English – dobra Do they provide training?
znajomoÊç angielskiego – Czy oferujà szkolenie?
w mowie i w piÊmie previous experience is required
computer literacy – znajomoÊç – wymagane doÊwiadczenie
obs∏ugi komputera references – referencje
useful – u˝yteczny, przydatny I’ll give it a try – Spróbuj´
essential – niezb´dny How do I apply? – Jak mam si´
demanding – wymagajàce ubiegaç (o t´ prac´)?

duties – obowiàzki Do I need a special diploma
employee – pracownik / certificate for this job? – Czy
employer – pracodawca do tej pracy potrzebuj´ specjal-
fixed working hours – sta∏e nego dyplomu / certyfikatu?
godziny pracy Does the job involve frequent
flexitime – nienormowany czas travel? – Czy ta praca
pracy wymaga cz´stych podró˝y?
full–time – pe∏ny etat How much holiday is there?
overtime – nadgodziny – Ile jest urlopu?
part–time – cz´Êç etatu How much is the salary?
pension programme – program – Jaka jest pensja?
emerytalny Is this a permanent or
piece work – praca na akord a temporary job? – Czy to jest
shift work – praca zmianowa praca sta∏a czy tymczasowa?
wage – wynagrodzenie What is the name of this
work pattern – system pracy company? – Jak si´ nazywa
ta firma?
At the job centre
Jak to dzia∏a?-
Would
Angielskie s∏ówko would w po∏àczeniu z bezokolicznikiem ma znaczenie

polskiej koƒcówki –by. Porównajmy:
A shop assistant job is perfect for me. (Praca sprzedawcy jest dla
mnie idealna.)
A shop assistant job would be perfect for me. (Praca sprzedawcy
by∏aby dla mnie idealna.)
What do I have to do? (Co musz´ robiç?)
What would I have to do? (Co musia∏bym robiç?)
I won’t take this job, even for $100,000. (Nie wezm´ tej pracy,
nawet za $100,000.)
I wouldn’t take this job, even for $100,000. (Nie wzià∏bym tej
pracy, nawet za 100 000$.)
Czasowniki z∏o˝one: look, turn
W j´zyku angielskim cz´sto u˝ywamy czasowników z przyimkami, które

mogà zmieniaç znaczenie samego czasownika.
What kind of job are you looking for? (Jakiego rodzaju pracy
pani szuka?)
Let’s look at the offers. (Spójrzmy na oferty.)
Kate’s job is to look after the trainees. (Kate opiekuje si´
sta˝ystami.)
I hope they won’t turn me down. (Mam nadziej´, ˝e mi nie
odmówià.)
You need to turn up in person. (PowinieneÊ przyjÊç osobiÊcie.)
The job turned out to be extremely boring. (Praca okaza∏a si´
niesamowicie nudna.)
The lights in the office are turned on and turned off
automatically. (Âwiat∏a w biurze sà w∏àczane i wy∏àczane
automatycznie.)
16
UNIT 2
List motywacyjny
ZWROTY POWITALNE
Dear Mr Jensen / Ms Goldsmith (Szanowny Panie Jensen
/ Szanowna Pani Goldsmith)
Dear Sir or Madam / Dear Sirs (Szanowni Paƒstwo)
ROZPOCZYNANIE
I am writing to apply for the position of... (Pisz´, aby zg∏osiç
swojà kandydatur´ na stanowisko...)
I am writing in reference to your advertisement in...
(Pisz´ w zwiàzku z og∏oszeniem w ...)
POWÓD UBIEGANIA SI¢ O PRAC¢
I have been interested in... for many years. (Interesuj´ si´... od wielu lat.)
Your advertisement was of particular interest to me because...
(Paƒstwa og∏oszenie zainteresowa∏o mnie szczególnie, poniewa˝...)
DOÂWIADCZENIE W ZWIÑZKU Z OFEROWANÑ PRACÑ
I have recently graduated from... (Niedawno ukoƒczy∏em studia...)
I have received training / completed a course in... (Ukoƒczy∏em
ostatnio szkolenie / kurs...)
My last job was for..., which is... (Ostatnio pracowa∏em dla...,
która jest firmà...)
I worked there for... years as... and my duties involved...
(Pracowa∏em tam... lat jako..., a do moich obowiàzków
nale˝a∏o...)
KWALIFIKACJE NA OFEROWANE STANOWISKO
I feel I have a range of relevant skills that I can bring to your
company. (Uwa˝am, ˝e posiadam odpowiednie kwalifikacje,
które b´dà przydatne w Paƒstwa firmie.)
As you can see from my CV, I can offer a considerable amount of
relevant experience, including... (Jak widaç w moim CV,
posiadam du˝e doÊwiadczenie, mi´dzy innymi w ...)
In addition to..., I can also..., which enables me to... .
(Oprócz..., potrafi´ równie˝..., co pozwala mi na...)
DYSPOZYCYJNOÂå
I am available for interview at any time. (Jestem gotowy na
rozmow´ kwalifikacyjnà w dowolnej chwili.)
I would appreciate the opportunity to meet with you to discuss my
application in greater detail. (B´d´ wdzićzny za mo˝liwoÊç
spotkania, aby porozmawiaç o szczegó∏ach.)
At the job centre
ZAKO¡CZENIE
Yours sincerely (Z powa˝aniem) – jeÊli list rozpoczyna si´ od
’Dear Mr / Mrs ...’
Yours faithfully (Z powa˝aniem) – jeÊli list rozpoczyna si´ od
’Dear Sir or Madam’ lub ’Dear Sirs’
åwiczenia–
1. Dopasuj pytania 1–5 do odpowiedzi a–e.
1. What kind of job are you a. The job involves selling

looking for? drugs to pharmacies.
2. What are the requirements? b. It’s flexitime, but still
3. What would I have to do? a full–time job.
4. Do I need a special c. No, it isn’t necessary.
certificate for this job? d. Something in the sales.
5. Is this a permanent job? e. You must have a driving
license and your own car.
2. Uzupe∏nij luki wyrazami z ramki.

salary part–time experience duties employer references-
1. The annual .................... for this job is £18,000.

2. You must send written .................... from a previous
..................... when you apply for this job.
3. The job advert says that past .................... is not essential.
4. It’s a(n) ..................... job – you only have to work weekends.
5. Your ................... will include answering phone calls, handling
correspondence and making coffee.
3. Wstaw w luki odpowiedni czasownik z ramki w po∏àczeniu z would.

Zwróç uwag´ na tryb zdania (oznajmujàcy, przeczàcy, pytajàcy).
go take be (x2) earn have to-
1. The salary ................... very high at the beginning but

at least it ...................... higher than now.
2. ......................... move to London to get this job?
18
UNIT 2
3. What would I do without a job in Glasgow?

I think I ...................... to London and try there.
4. Hmm... Let’s count – £1,500 salary, £750 sales commissions
and £100 travel allowance. I ..................... £2350 per month!
5. I ...................... this job – not for love or money. It’s boring!
4. Uzupe∏nij zdania czasownikami z∏o˝onymi w odpowiedniej formie.

turn out turn on turn up look at look for-
1. PharmaBiz ........................ new employees in China.

2. Shall we ................... the recruitment procedure right now?
3. A candidate who ...................... late for an interview never
has any chance.
4. The job ...................... to be too demanding for Mark, so he
decided to quit.
5. Don’t ........................ the computer. It’s not yet configured.
Willing to make coffee...

Pewien internetowy serwis poÊrednictwa pracy zamieÊci∏ kiedyÊ
autentyczne og∏oszenie, w którym firma poszukiwa∏a a breathing person
to sit at front dest and exude charm (osoby do siedzenia za biurkiem
i roztaczania wdzi´ku). Wymagania: reasonable intelligence, or at least
be able to put staples in a stapler (rozsàdny poziom inteligencji lub
chocia˝ umiej´tnoÊç w∏o˝enia zszywek do zszywacza), some college
or degree, even if it’s Underwater Basket Weaving (ukoƒczenie
jakiejÊ uczelni lub jakiÊ dyplom, nawet jeÊli mia∏by byç z podwodnego
wyplatania koszy), IQ greater than a slice of bread (poziom inteligencji
wy˝szy ni˝ u kromki chleba) – ale: the job isn’t neurosurgery,
so MENSA members need not apply (nie jest to praca neurochirurga,
wić cz∏onkowie MENSy mogà sobie darowaç)...
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
4. 1 are looking for 2 look at 3 turns up 4 turned out 5 turn on
3. 1 wouldn’t be, would be 2 Would I have to, 3 would go 4 would earn 5 wouldn’t take
1. 1 d 2 e 3 a 4 c 5 b 2. 1 salary 2 references, employer 3 experience 4 part–time 5 duties
3. A job interview
03 Mark has recently got his BSc in computer science and has started to
look for a job. He wants to hunt for something in the IT sector and has
already sent his CV and covering letter to various companies and has
been waiting for replies. His patience was finally rewarded a couple of
days ago when an e–mail arrived from WebLab, a small but growing
web design company. Business is very good and they need to recruit
more web designers. Mark is now talking to WebLab’s manager.
MANAGER: – So, why do you want to join us at WebLab?

MARK: – Well, I’ve worked on a couple of websites so far, mainly for
medium–sized companies, so I have experience in this field.
MANAGER: – Mmmh... yes, I can see that in your CV. Pretty good for
a student, I must admit. And what do you consider your
most outstanding achievement?
MARK: – I guess that’d be the website for NLab. They are
a cosmetics company and they wanted to go online.
My task was to set up an info portal and an online sales
system. It has been in operation for 2 years now.
MANAGER: – I see. What are your strengths?
MARK: – I always approach my projects with responsibility because
I care about their functionality and I focus on the details
that make the whole.
MANAGER: – That’s good to hear. How about working under pressure?
You see, we often have to work to tight deadlines. How
well do you cope with stress?
MARK: – For me stress can be motivating. There are limits, sure, but
I’ve never let down any of my previous customers with a
missed deadline. I think it all depends on work organisation.
MANAGER: – I couldn’t agree more. Though personally I’m better
motivated by the outcome of my work than stress.
Anyway, how do you feel about your German? Your CV
says you’ve studied it...
MARK: – Well, that’s right, but honestly – I haven’t used it for
some time and I’d probably need to refresh it. Are you
planning to design web pages in German, if I may ask?
20
UNIT 3
MANAGER: – Not exactly. You see, we’ve acquired new clients from
Switzerland who are entering the Polish market. We just
need someone who can talk to them about the structure
and content of their new pages.
MARK: – Oh, that shouldn’t be a problem for me, I suppose.
MANAGER: – Good. In that case, thanks for coming and we’ll get in
touch with you by next Friday. OK?
MARK: – OK. Thank you for inviting me to the interview. I’ll be
waiting for your call.
MANAGER: – Nice meeting you. Goodbye!
MARK: – Bye, bye.
S∏ownictwo-
BSc – licencjat (kier. techniczne) to handle (sb’s) projects
to hunt – polowaç – zajmowaç si´ (czyimiÊ)
patience – cierpliwoÊç projektami
rewarded – wynagrodzony to focus on sth – koncentrowaç
to recruit sb – zatrudniaç kogoÊ si´ na czymÊ
experience – doÊwiadczenie That’s good to hear – Mi∏o to
in this field – w tej dziedzinie s∏yszeç
most outstanding achievement to work under pressure
– najbardziej znaczàce – pracowaç pod presjà
dokonanie tight deadlines – krótkie terminy
to go online – zaistnieç to cope with sth – radziç sobie
w Internecie z czymÊ
to set up – za∏o˝yç, uruchomiç to miss a deadline – nie zdà˝yç
strengths – mocne strony na czas
approach sth with to let sb down – zawieÊç kogoÊ
responsibility – podchodziç do outcome – wynik, rezultat
czegoÊ odpowiedzialnie We’ll get in touch with you
refresh – odÊwie˝yç – skontaktujemy si´ z panem

What languages do you speak? What didn’t you like about
– Jakimi j´zykami pan mówi? your previous job? – Co nie
What are your qualifications? podoba∏o si´ panu
– Jakie sà pana kwalifikacje? w poprzedniej pracy?
A job interview
What were your duties as I’m good at foreign languages

a director? – Jakie by∏y pana – Jestem dobry z j´zyków
zadania jako dyrektora? obcych; ~ at accounting
Why did you quit... ? – Dlaczego – z ksi´gowoÊci; ~ at
odszed∏ pan z... ? computers – z komputerów;
Have you ever worked abroad? at organising things
– Czy pracowa∏ pan kiedyÊ – w organizowaniu
za granicà? I was responsible for the
I have a BA / MA in marketing accounts – By∏em
– Mam licencjat / dyplom odpowiedzialny
magistra z marketingu za ksi´gowoÊç
I’d like to know about the I have a driving license
holidays – Chcia∏bym – Mam prawo jazdy
zapytaç o urlop; I can work flexitime – Mog´
~ the working hours pracowaç w nienormowanym
– godziny pracy; ~ pay czasie; ~ part–time
conditions – warunki – w niepe∏nym wymiarze;
wynagrodzenia; ~ promotion ~ from 9 to 5 – od 9 do 5;
opportunities – mo˝liwoÊci ~ only at weekends – tylko
awansu; w weekendy
Jak to dzia∏a?-
Present Perfect
Czas Present Perfect tworzymy przy pomocy operatora have / has i 3. formy
czasownika. U˝ywamy go, by opowiedzieç o doÊwiadczeniach zawodowych:
I’ve worked on a couple of websites so far. (Jak dotàd

pracowa∏em nad kilkoma stronami.)
I’ve never let down any of my customers. (Nigdy nie zawiod∏em
˝adnego z moich klientów.)
W tym czasie wyra˝amy te˝ czynnoÊç przesz∏à majàcà zwiàzek

z teraêniejszoÊcià. Cz´sto (choç nie zawsze) na taki zwiàzek wskazujà zwroty
recently (niedawno), just (w∏aÊnie) lub already / yet (ju˝, jeszcze nie).
22
UNIT 3
It has been in operation for one year now. ([System] dzia∏a od

roku.) – zosta∏ uruchomiony rok temu i nadal jest w u˝yciu.
Mark has recently got his BSc. (Marek niedawno otrzyma∏
dyplom licencjata.) – ma ten dyplom teraz.
W tym samym czasie opowiadamy o czynnoÊci przesz∏ej, jeÊli nie jest

istotne, kiedy mia∏a ona miejsce:
Your CV says you’ve studied German. (W paƒskim CV jest

informacja, ˝e uczy∏ si´ pan niemieckiego.) – nie jest istotne
kiedy, wa˝ne ˝e w ogóle.
Przymiotniki z koƒcówkami -ing oraz -ed
Przymiotniki z koƒcówkà –ing opisujà osoby, rzeczy bàdê sytuacje. Cz´sto

t∏umaczymy je jako polskie imies∏owy na –àcy. Przymiotniki z koƒcówkà
–ed opisujà odczucia lub stany. T∏umaczymy je jako imies∏owy na –any/ony.
For me stress can be motivating. (Dla mnie stres mo˝e byç

motywujàcy.)
I’m better motivated by the outcome of my work. (Jestem bardziej
motywowany przez efekty mojej pracy.)
My previous job was very interesting. (Moja poprzednia praca
by∏a interesujàca.)
I’m interested in the position of a sales representative. (Jestem
zainteresowany stanowiskiem przedstawiciela handlowego.)
Krótkie zwroty na poczàtku i koƒcu zdania
W j´zyku angielskim cz´Êciej ni˝ w polskim u˝ywamy zwrotów typu

„uwa˝am, ˝e”, które sprawiajà ˝e nasze wypowiedzi sà mniej kategoryczne.
Zwroty te mogà wyst´powaç zarówno na poczàtku, jak i na koƒcu zdania.
I think it all depends on work organisation. (MyÊl´, ˝e wszystko

zale˝y od organizacji pracy.)
Oh, that shouldn’t be a problem for me, I suppose. (Wydaje mi si´,
˝e to nie b´dzie dla mnie problemem.)
A job interview
W rozmowie wa˝ne jest równie˝ wzajemne reagowanie na wypowiedzi

w odpowiedni sposób.
Mmmh... yes. I can see that in your CV. (Hmm..., rzeczywiÊcie.

Widz´ to w paƒskim CV.)
Well, that’s right, but honestly – I haven’t used German for
a long time. (Tak, zgadza si´, choç szczerze mówiàc nie
u˝ywa∏em niemieckiego przez d∏ugi czas).
åwiczenia-
1. Po∏àcz pytania (1–7) i odpowiedzi (a–g), aby u∏o˝yç sensowny dialog.
1. What are your educational a. I was responsible for

qualifications? .... advertising in newspapers.
2. Do you have any experience b. Only once, when I was a student.
in marketing? .... It was a holiday job in Geneva.
3. What were your duties in c. I have an MA in marketing
your previous job? .... and management.
4. Why did you quit your d. I guess it’s not bad, but I’d
previous job? .... need to refresh it.
5. Have you ever worked e. Yes, I worked in the marketing
abroad? .... department at ChocoTaste.
6. And how do you feel f. I try to, but sometimes I’m just
about your French? .... overworked.
7. Can you cope with stress? .... g. Because I was not able to work
full–time.
2. Uzupe∏nij luki czasownikami podanymi w nawiasach w czasie Present Perfect.
1. ........... you ever ........... for a multinational company? (work)

2. George ........................ a course in accounting recently. (take)
3. I .......................... to London on many business occasions. (be)
4. I’m sorry but we ............................. any candidates to the
interview yet. (not/invite).
5. Our call centre staff ........................ from 50 to 150
consultants since last year. (grow)
24
UNIT 3
3. -ing czy -ed?
1. Our competitors have stolen half of our staff. This is very

...................... and we must start recruiting now. (worry)
2. She felt extremely ........................ at the interview when they
asked her which political party she supports. (confuse)
3. Some business practices are ......................, for example
making employees work overtime without payment. (disgust)
4. We were all ................... to death by Andrew’s lengthy
presentation at the meeting. (bore)
5. I’m not sure if I join APEX Co. but I must admit that career
opportunities are very......................... . (promise)

accounting to cope to handle flexitime a deadline-
1. I can come to work and leave whenever I choose – I work ... .

2. She knows a lot about taxes and would be ideal to do our ... .
3. I think she’s too inexperienced ... such difficult projects yet.
4. Never again should you miss ... for Xeneco. They are our most
important customer.
5. We should hire someone else in place of Mr Anderson.
He didn’t know how ... with unexpected problems.
Interviews
Czy rozumiesz ten dowcip? T∏umaczenie w kluczu :–)
EMPLOYER: In this job we need someone who is responsible.
APPLICANT: I’m the one you want. In my last job, every time anything
went wrong, they said I was responsible.
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
ka˝dym razem kiedy coÊ posz∏o êle, wszyscy mówili, ˝e jestem odpowiedzialny.
potrzebujemy kogoÊ odpowiedzialnego. Kandydat: Nadaj´ si´ idealnie. W mojej ostatniej pracy, za
2 accounting 3 to handle 4 a deadline 5 to cope Interviews Pracodawca: Do tej pracy
invited 5 has grown 3. 1 worrying 2 confused 3 disgusting 4 bored 5 promising 4. 1 flexitime
1. 1c 2e 3a 4g 5b 6d 7f 2. 1 Have (you ever) worked... 2 has taken 3 have been 4 haven’t
4. FineBody:
Company organization
04 FineBody is a new medium–sized Hungarian cosmetics
company operating in five Central European countries. It started in
1999 when Martha Gotthardt left Athens Inc., a huge international
multi–brand corporation. ’Although I was very well paid, I felt
frustrated with work organization there – corporate hierarchy,
layers of managers, directors and executives, overtime work,
constant performance reviews and rat–race,’ she says.
Martha had an idea for her own business so she decided to quit
Athens and ask her bank for a loan. She bought a small disused
factory at a bargain price, which she revived and modernized to her
needs. At first, she only had six employees who, just like her, had
to multitask. ’I was a production director, a salesperson and an
accountant – all in one!,’ she laughs.
Today the company has changed a lot. Martha is no longer a
sole trader and FineBody is now a limited liability company. It has
expanded abroad and established two subsidiaries in Poland and the
Czech Republic to provide support to foreign customers. There are
about 150 employees who work in six departments: production,
sales and marketing, warehouse, quality control, R&D and
administration (which is responsible for accounts and personnel).
’Our company has a fairly flat structure. I’m the CEO and there are
just three senior executives who are in charge of the departments,
and who report to me directly. In general, we allow our employees
to have a high degree of independence,’ Martha explains.
S∏ownictwo-
multi–brand – wielobran˝owa executive – osoba na

corporate hierarchy kierowniczym stanowisku,
– hierarchia w firmie dyrektor
layer – szczebel (organizacji, performance review – ocena
zarzàdzania) osiàgni´ç pracownika
26
UNIT 4
rat race – wyÊcig szczurów quality control

loan – po˝yczka, kredyt – kontrola jakoÊci
disused – nieu˝ywana Research & development (R&D)
bargain price – cena okazyjna – dzia∏ badawczo–rozwojowy
to multitask – pracowaç „w accounts – ksi´gowoÊç
trybie wielozadaniowym” personnel (human resources,
sole trader (AmE sole HR) – kadry (zasoby ludzkie)
proprietor) – samodzielna flat structure – p∏aska struktura
dzia∏alnoÊç gospodarcza zarzàdzania
limited liability company Chief Executive Officer (CEO)
– spó∏ka z o.o. – prezes
subsidiary – spó∏ka zale˝na to be in charge of sb/sth
department – dzia∏, pion – odpowiadac za kogoÊ/coÊ
sales and marketing to report to sb – podlegaç
– sprzeda˝ i marketing komuÊ
warehouse – magazyn

Annual General Meeting (AGM) – Walne Zgromadzenie
Akcjonariuszy (udzia∏owców)
to appoint sb (a director) – mianowaç kogoÊ (dyrektorem)
acquisition – przejćie spó∏ki
branch – oddzia∏
to delegate tasks – przydzielaç (delegowaç) zadania
to be self–employed – byç samozatrudnionym
to fire sb – zwolniç kogoÊ
General Partnership – spó∏ka cywilna, spó∏ka jawna
headquarters (HQ) – g∏ówna siedziba
management board – zarzàd
merger – ∏àczenie si´ spó∏ek
parent company – spó∏ka–matka
payroll – lista p∏ac
promotion – awans
Public Limited Company (PLC) – spó∏ka notowana na gie∏dzie
shareholder (stockholder) – udzia∏owiec, akcjonariusz
supervisory board – rada nadzorcza
FineBody: Company organization
Jak to dzia∏a?-
Rodzajniki: a/an, the, ø
W j´zyku angielskim przed wyra˝eniami z rzeczownikiem cz´sto stosujemy

rodzajniki. Rodzajnika a/an u˝ywamy przed rzeczownikiem policzalnym
w liczbie pojedynczej:
przy nazwach zawodów i stanowisk w firmie (ale: zobacz u˝ycie ’the’)

I was a production director, a salesperson and an accountant.
(By∏am dyrektorem produkcji, handlowcem i ksi´gowà.)
z rzeczownikiem, który nie jest bli˝ej okreÊlony:

Martha had an idea for her own business.
(Marta mia∏a pomys∏ na w∏asny biznes.)
jeÊli przedstawiamy jakàÊ informacj´ nowà dla naszego rozmówcy lub

czytelnika (zobacz te˝ u˝ycie the):
FineBody is a new Hungarian company.
(FineBody jest nowà, w´gierskà firmà.)
w niektórych zwrotach okreÊlajàcych iloÊç:

Today the company has changed a lot. (Dzisiaj firma bardzo si´
zmieni∏a.);
a high degree of independence (du˝y stopieƒ niezale˝noÊci);
a few technical problems (kilka problemów technicznych);
a bit disorganized (troch´ niezorganizowany);
I know a little German. (Znam troch´ niemieckiego.)
Rodzajnik the wyst´puje:

przy rzeczowniku wspomnianym ju˝ wczeÊniej:
Today the company has changed a lot. (Dzisiaj firma bardzo si´
zmieni∏a.) – wczeÊniej przedstawialiÊmy FineBody jako a company.
jeÊli okreÊlenie rzeczownika jest jasne w kontekÊcie wypowiedzi:

I’m the CEO and there are just three senior executives.
(Jestem prezesem, a w firmie jest tylko trzech dyrektorów.)
– z tekstu wiadomo, ˝e Marta jest prezesem FineBody.
28
UNIT 4
z niektórymi nazwami geograficznymi:

the Czech Republic, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands,
the United States, the Alps, the Thames, the Atlantic.
Zwykle nie u˝ywamy rodzajników przy rzeczownikach abstrakcyjnych:

I felt frustrated with work organization there.
(By∏am sfrustrowana tamtejszà organizacjà pracy.)
¸àczenie zdaƒ
Dwa zdania mo˝emy po∏àczyç przy u˝yciu imies∏owu z –ing:

FineBody is a new Hungarian company. It operates in five
European countries.
FineBody is a new Hungarian cosmetics company operating
in five Central European countries. (FineBody to nowa w´gierska
firma kosmetyczna dzia∏ajàca w pićiu krajach Europy Ârodkowej.)
Do wyjaÊnienia celu u˝ywamy s∏owa to:

It established two subsidiaries to provide support to foreign
customers. (Firma za∏o˝y∏a dwie spó∏ki zale˝ne, aby obs∏ugiwaç
klientów zagranicznych.)
Przy odniesieniu do osób lub rzeczy u˝ywamy odpowiednio zaimków

wzgl´dnych who oraz which:
There are just three senior executives, who report to me.
(W firmie jest tylko trzech dyrektorów, którzy mi podlegajà.)
She bought a small, disused factory, which she modernized
(Kupi∏a ma∏à, opuszczonà fabryk´, którà zmodernizowa∏a.)
Do wyra˝enia konsekwencji u˝ywamy spójnika so („wić”):

Martha had an idea for business so she decided to quit Athens.
(Martha mia∏a pomys∏ na firm´, wić postanowi∏a odejÊç z Athens.)
Mo˝emy tak˝e ∏àczyç zdania przy pomocy although („pomimo i˝”):

Although I was very well paid, I felt frustrated.
(Pomimo i˝ mia∏am dobrà pensj´, czu∏am si´ sfrustrowana.)
FineBody: Company organization
åwiczenia-
1. Wstaw a/an, the lub pozostaw luk´.
1. EZV Travel is ....... Polish company which organizes holiday

trips mainly to Western Europe and ......... USA.
2. I work as ....... accountant for ...... medium–sized restaurant
operating company.
3. ........ Sales Director of Blackey & Crate has just been fired.
4. As ...... HR director, I believe that giving ........ employees
........ high degree of ...... freedom promotes ........ loyalty.
5. ......... company which I work for is very hierarchical.
2. Dopasuj fragmenty a–f do 1–6, aby u∏o˝yç sensowne zdania.
1. VQL Logistics AG is a new Swiss company

2. As a production manager, I have roughly 20 people
3. At the moment our company has three subsidiaries
4. They are spending too much on advertising
5. Although Pantrix Co. has fired 20 people this year,
6. All their sales managers have been sent to a training course
a. all of the company’s engineers have kept their jobs.

b. specializing in international transport.
c. which operate in Germany, Poland and Lithuania.
d. so they need better control over their budget .
e. who report to me directly.
f. to help them improve their performance.
3. Uzupe∏nij zdania odpowiednimi wyrazami z ramki.

personnel, supervise, overtime work, appoint,
parent company, shareholders
1. My regular hours are from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. but I do a lot of

........................... . Sometimes I have to stay till 9 p.m.
2. Next week we’re going to promote Mrs Arokis and
...................... her a production director and board member.
30
UNIT 4
3. I work as a ...................... manager. I’m responsible for

interviewing candidates to free positions in the company.
4. We are a subsidiary of PenAd Ltd. Our .........................’s
headquarters is in Liverpool.
5. Our ............................. are considering an acquisition of HSB
Holding, but they need to raise more cash.
4. Pogrupuj poni˝sze s∏owa wed∏ug kategorii. Wpisz odpowiednià liter´.

Categories: J – jobs; D – departments; O – other
1. sales ........ 6. accounts .........

2. warehouse ........ 7. sales representative .........
3. accountant ....... 8. performance review ........
4. executive ....... 9. CEO ........
5. management board ........ 10. multitasking .......
Executives, managers, directors...

Organizacja wielu firm bywa dla postronnych zupe∏nie niezrozu-
mia∏a, a angielskie nazwy stanowisk jeszcze bardziej utrudniajà
ustalenie, kto za co odpowiada i komu podlega. Najlepszym
przyk∏adem sà tu executives, którymi zwyk∏o nazywaç si´ wysoko
postawionych directors. Ostatnio jednak coraz cz´Êciej spotyka si´
np. sales executives, którzy sà zwyk∏ymi przedstawicielami
handlowymi, albo product executives – osoby odpowiedzialne
za promocj´ lub sprzeda˝ jakiegoÊ konkretnego produktu.
Podobnie s∏owo manager, które mo˝na poprzedziç praktycznie
ka˝dym innym i zawsze otrzymamy ∏adnie brzmiàcà nazw´
stanowiska pracy. Np. front desk manager to recepcjonistka.
Albo co powiecie na prac´ jako senior toilet manager? Grunt to
dobre zarzàdzanie!
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
5 O 6 D 7 J 8 O 9 J 10 O
work 2 appoint 3 personnel 4 parent company 5 shareholders 4. 1 D 2 D 3 J 4 J
1. 1 a, the 2 an, a 3 The 4 an, —, a, —, — 5 The 2. 1b 2e 3c 4d 5a 6f. 3. 1 overtime
5. My working day
05 JEFF
I work as a delivery driver for a chain of home appliance stores.
I start my work at 9 a.m. and finish at 5 p.m. My supervisor tells me
which parcels go where and I deliver them directly to the customers’
door. It’s hard to get everywhere on time and people are sometimes
angry if I come late. From time to time there are problems with our
appliances and I collect the faulty items from customers, but
fortunately this doesn’t happen very often. Maybe the job isn’t very
exciting, but it’s easy and I sometimes receive generous tips!
PETER
I’m a call centre operator for an airline company. We work 24
hours a day in shifts, so I start my working day – or night – at
various times. I always do the same tasks – I answer phone calls
from clients who want to make a reservation, confirm their booking
or complain. For every task, there is a script which I follow and this
makes my work mechanical. At the same time it’s stressful because
customers are often rude and think that I am unhelpful. I don’t
enjoy it and I’ll probably change jobs soon.
MONICA
I’m a quality control manager in a pharmaceutical company and
I’m responsible for a team of 5 employees in my department. My
hours aren’t fixed but I usually arrive in the office before 10 a.m.
I study the reports from my employees and then I go to the laboratory
to supervise and provide guidance to the people there. We rarely
have critical problems with the quality of our products but our field is
so complex that it’s always easy to overlook something. That makes
my job very hard, but also challenging. And it’s very well–paid.
S∏ownictwo-
delivery – dostawa home appliance – artyku∏y
chain – sieç sklepów gospodarstwa domowego
store (BrE shop) – sklep (am.)
32
UNIT 5
supervisor – prze∏o˝ony to arrive – przyje˝d˝aç

faulty items – uszkodzone reports – raporty
towary to supervise – nadzorowaç
exciting – ciekawa, ekscytujàca to provide guidance – dawaç
generous tips – hojne napiwki wskazówki, rady
task – zadanie critical problems – powa˝ne
script – instrukcja post´powania problemy
mechanical – mechaniczna our field is complex – nasza
stressful – stresujàca praca jest skomplikowana
rude – nieuprzejmi to overlook – przeoczyç
unhelpful – niepomocna challenging – b´dàca
quality control – kontrola wyzwaniem (o pracy)
jakoÊci well–paid – dobrze p∏atna
I’m responsible for... – Jestem
odpowiedzialna za...

My contract says I must work weekends. – W mojej umowie mam
zapisane, ˝e musz´ pracowaç w weekendy.
One of my tasks is to take decisions about personnel. – Jednym
z moich zadaƒ jest podejmowanie decyzji personalnych.
An important part of my job is problem solving. – Wa˝nà cz´Êcià
mojej pracy jest rozwiàzywanie problemów.
What do you like best about your job? – Co najbardziej lubisz
w swojej pracy?
My job is... – Moja praca jest...
~ boring – nudna; ~ hard – ci´˝ka;
~ easy – ∏atwa; ~ interesting – interesujàca;
~ enjoyable – przyjemna; ~ monotonous – monotonna;
~ financially rewarding ~ repetitive – rutynowa;
– dobrze p∏atna; ~ stimulating – stymulujàca;
~ frustrating – frustrujàca; ~ stressful – stresujàca;
~ fulfilling – dajàca poczucie ~ time–consuming
spe∏nienia; – czasoch∏onna
My working day
Jak to dzia∏a?-
Simple Present
Czasu Simple Present u˝ywamy:
Do wyra˝enia czynnoÊci powtarzajàcej si´ regularnie

I start my work at 9 a.m. and finish at 5 p.m.
(Zaczynam prac´ o 9 rano i koƒcz´ o 5 po po∏udniu.)
– regularnie, codziennie.
W zdaniach twierdzàcych do czasownika w 3. osobie liczby pojedynczej

dodajemy koƒcówk´ –s lub –es:
My supervisor tells me which parcels go where.
(Mój prze∏o˝ony mówi mi, które paczki dokàd jadà.)
Zdania przeczàce tworzymy przez dodanie operatora don’t lub doesn’t

(w 3. os. l. poj.) przed bezokolicznikiem:
I don’t enjoy my work. (Nie lubi´ swojej pracy.)
He doesn’t work weekends. (On nie pracuje w weekendy.)
Zdania pytajàce tworzymy zaczynajàc od which, who, where, what, why itp.
lub od Do / Does.
Which department do you work in? (W którym dziale pracujesz?)
Does she get a good salary? (Czy ona dostaje dobrà pensj´?)
Z przys∏ówkami cz´stotliwoÊci
I sometimes receive generous tips. (Czasami dostaj´ hojne napiwki.)
W przeciwieƒstwie do j´zyka polskiego, gdzie szyk zdania jest dosyç dowolny,

przys∏ówków wyra˝ajàcych cz´stotliwoÊç, takich jak np. always (zawsze),
often (cz´sto), usually (zwykle), sometimes (czasami), rarely (rzadko),
never (nigdy), u˝ywamy w j´zyku angielskim zawsze przed czasownikiem:
We rarely have critical problems. (Rzadko mamy krytyczne
problemy.) – nie: We have rarely critical problems.
34
UNIT 5
Jednak˝e w zdaniu z czasownikiem to be przys∏ówków cz´stotliwoÊci

u˝ywamy po czasowniku:
He is never late for meetings. (On nigdy nie spóênia si´ na
spotkania.)
D∏u˝szych wyra˝eƒ, takich jak from time to time (od czasu do czasu),
once or twice a week (raz lub dwa w tygodniu), every Monday (w ka˝dy
poniedzia∏ek), at the end of each month (na koniec ka˝dego miesiàca),
mo˝emy u˝yç tylko na poczàtku lub na koƒcu zdania, ale nie w Êrodku:
From time to time there are problems with our appliances.
(Od czasu do czasu sà problemy z naszymi urzàdzeniami.)
I have a briefing every morning. (Ka˝dego poranka mam briefing.)
ale nie:
Martin every weekend has a training course.
(Martin w ka˝dy weekend ma szkolenie.)
Tworzenie rzeczowników
Od wielu angielskich czasowników mo˝emy utworzyç rzeczowniki poprzez

dodanie koƒcówki. Nazwy zawodów najcz´Êciej koƒczà si´ na –er lub –or:
to supervise (nadzorowaç) – a supervisor (prze∏o˝ony)
to operate (operowaç) – an operator (operator)
to drive (prowadziç samochód) – a driver (kierowca)
to manage (zarzàdzaç) – a manager (mened˝er, kierownik)
Inne rzeczowniki odczasownikowe przyjmujà ró˝ne koƒcówki:

–y: to deliver (dostarczaç) – delivery (dostawa)
–al: to arrive (przyje˝d˝aç) – arrival (przyjazd)
to dismiss (zwalniaç z pracy) – dismissal (zwolnienie)
–ion: to promote (awansowaç) – promotion (awans)
to protect (chroniç) – protection (ochrona)
–ance: to guide (prowadziç) – guidance (wskazówki)
to perform (spe∏niaç np. zadania) – performance (osiàgnićia)
to insure (ubezpieczaç) – insurance (ubezpieczenie)
My working day
åwiczenia-
1. Dopasuj pytania 1–6 do odpowiedzi a–f.
1. What do you do in your work? a. I report to the HR director.

2. What hours do you work? b. I’m an HR assistant.
3. Who is your boss? c. It’s financially rewarding.
4. Who are your employees? d. No, it’s fairly easy.
5. What do you like about e. I work from 9 to 5.
your job? f. I’m responsible for 3 junior
6. Is your work difficult? assistants.
2. Jaki to rodzaj pracy? Po∏àcz wypowiedzi 1–6 z okreÊleniami a–f.
1. I do the same thing thousands of a. stressful

times a day. b. repetitive
2. I do exactly what I always wanted c. financially rewarding
to do. d. time–consuming
3. I have to solve difficult problems. e. challenging
4. I earn a very decent salary. f. fulfilling
5. It takes a lot of time to complete
a task.
6. It generates much anxiety and I
constantly work under pressure.
3. Napisz zdania w czasie Simple Present z u˝yciem s∏ów poni˝ej.
1. in / never / after 9 p.m. / the office / stay / I

.......................................................................................... .
2. doesn’t / extra / performance / bonuses / for / get / he
.......................................................................................... .
3. do / have / often / reports / you / write
......................................................................................... ?
4. to a restaurant / twice a year / go / all staff / go / together
.......................................................................................... .
5. does / from time to time / he / visit / you
......................................................................................... ?
36
UNIT 5
4. W ka˝dym zdaniu jest jeden b∏àd. Znajdê go i popraw.
1. I always working late at night. 4. Does she having a stressful

2. Mrs Dulac don’t work in our job?
department anymore. 5. Martin isn’t enjoy his work.
3. My manager has every day 6. I start my work always
some problems with staff. at 10 a.m.
5. W ka˝dym z poni˝szych zdaƒ wybierz pasujàce s∏owo.
1. We usually ..................... within 24 hours from receiving your

order. (deliver / delivery)
2. Michael’s ..................... was a shock for all of us. (dismiss /
dismissal)
3. As a chemical company, we have to be particularly sensitive to
environment ........................... . (protect / protection)
4. We .......................... (insured / insurance) the company’s
office against burglary.
5. If an employee does not ................. (perform / performance) well,
he or she might not get a .................... . (promote / promotion)
My working day in a zoo

˚adna praca nie haƒbi. Równie˝ ta, którà mo˝na by okreÊliç
w j´zyku angielskim jako dung picker, czyli zbieracz odchodów
zwierzćych... Jedno z popularnych swego czasu zdj´ç, jakie
krà˝y∏y po Internecie, przedstawia∏o pracownika zoo stojàcego
z wielkim foliowym workiem za s∏oniem, który w∏aÊnie spe∏nia∏
potrzeb´ fizjologicznà. Podpis pod zdjćiem: And you thought that
your job sucked (A tobie wydawa∏o si´, ˝e twoja praca jest do bani).
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
2 dismissal 3 protection 4 insured 5 perform, promotion
problems with staff every day. 4 have 5 doesn’t 6 I always start my work at 10 a.m. 5. 1 deliver
year. 5 Does he visit you from time to time? 4. 1 work 2 doesn’t 3 My manager has some
4 Twice a year all staff go to a restaurant together LUB All staff go together to a restaurant twice a
after 9 p.m. 2 He doesn’t get extra bonuses for performance 3 Do you often have to write reports?
1. 1 b 2 e 3 a 4 f 5 c 6 d 2. 1 b 2 f 3 e 4 c 5 d 6 a 3. 1 I never stay in the office
6. Progress check Sprawdê si´!
1. U∏ó˝ zdania z podanych wyrazów.
1. Jane/hello,/my/secretary./a/name/I’m/is/and
2. have/license/a/you/to/apply./must/driving
3. did/job?/quit/why/you/your/previous
4. modernize/We/department./have/our/IT/to
5. pressure./cope/I/under/with/can/working
6. 10 o’clock./office/is/the/open/never/before
7. some/needs to/costs/the/company/fire/they/cut/will/staff./so
8. years/as/worked/for/I/a/director/have/production/three
2. Test. Wybierz w∏aÊciwà odpowiedê.
1. Hello ........... . 6. My qualifications also .....

I haven’t seen you for ages! a course in accounting.
a. Andrew b. Mr Andrew a. have b. are
c. sir Andrew d. Jones c. contain d. include
2. My name is Jan. I’m ........ . 7. I ............ my German since

a. Polish b. Poland high school.
c. from Polish d. from a. haven’t used
Polland b. didn’t use
c. don’t use
3. ....... we meet in the lobby d. am not using
at 8 p.m.?
a. Let’s b. Shall 8. My last job was ........... so
c. Would d. Do I changed it.
a. bored b. interesting
4. I’m looking ...... a job. c. boring d. interested
a. at b. after
c. for d. on 9. I .................... problems
keeping deadlines.
5. His qualifications turned a. ‘ve never had
........ to be insufficient. b. wasn’t having
a. up b. out c. had never
c. on d. in d. ‘ve never have
38
UNIT 6
10. I’m ..... manager of this 13. Our accountant ……… the
shop. What seems to be the bank every Tuesday.
problem? a. visits b. visit
a. a b. the c. is visiting d. are visiting
c. an d. –
14. ......................... till 5 p.m.
11. Mark couldn’t cope with his a. Usually work I
duties ..... he was transferred b. Usually I work
to a lower position. c. I work usually
a. then b. so d. I usually work
c. to d. yet
15. Every first Monday of the
12. Anania is a new company month, our boss ......... for a
.............. in the business company dinner.
travel market. a. taking us out
a. operate b. operating b. has taken us out
c. operated d. operates c. takes us out
d. is taking us out
3. Krzy˝ówka:
1
1. Prawnik.
2. Send us your CV and a .... letter. 2
3. Zatrudniç, rekrutowaç. 3
4. Magazyn. 4
5. Pracowaç „w trybie
5
wielozadaniowym”.
6. Odpowiedzialny. 6
7. Jedno z wielu w punkcie 5. 7
8. Rzeczownik utworzony od to arrive.
8
9. ……. of stores.
10. Inaczej responsibilities. 9
10
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
4. warehouse 5. multitask 6. responsible 7. task 8. arrival 9. chain 10. duties has∏o: accountant
5b 6d 7a 8c 9a 10b 11b 12b 13a 14d 15c 3. 1. lawyer 2. covering 3. recruit
they will fire some staff. 8. I have worked as a production director for three years. 2. 1a 2a 3b 4c
under pressure. 6. The office is never open before 10 o’clock. 7. The company needs to cut costs, so
did you quit your previous job?. 4. We have to modernize our IT department. 5. I can cope with working
1. 1. Hello, my name is Jane and I’m a secretary. 2. You must have a driving license to apply. 3. Why
7. Business presentations:
En–Light
06 CHRIS: Good afternoon, my name is Christopher and I’m a sales
representative for En–Light, a lighting systems designer and
manufacturer. Thank you very much for inviting me today
to present an offer for your new branch in Gdaƒsk. I hope
that you’ll find my talk interesting, or indeed enlightening.
Let me start with the general characteristics of our
product range. I’ll then turn to an overview of lighting
systems for industrial purposes. Next, I’d like to talk about
the latest trends in light design in connection with modern
office architecture. Finally, I’ll want to suggest a tailor–made
solution for your Gdaƒsk office.
As you may know, our lights are highly valued in
Poland. Their strong advantage is very low energy
consumption in comparison to similar products on the
market. Perhaps they aren’t the cheapest, but still very
competitively priced, cost–effective and value for money...
... All right, I think I’ll stop there. Thank you for your attention.
Do you have any questions?
ALICE: Yes, you were talking about devices that ensure power
supply in case of an electricity black out. How long can a
building of our size be supplied with power from batteries?
CHRIS: Approximately four hours. In most cases electricity is
restored within that time.
JOHN: You also said that the system is equipped with
energy–saving features. What are they exactly?
CHRIS: In each room there is a special sensor that measures the
level of natural light and optimally adjusts the artificial
light. This translates into lower electricity bills, of course...
40
UNIT 7
S∏ownictwo-
lighting system – system low energy consumption
oÊwietleniowy – niskie zu˝ycie energii
manufacturer – producent competitively priced
offer – oferta – w konkurencyjnej cenie
branch – oddzia∏ cost–effective – op∏acalne
enlightening – dos∏. value for money – warte swojej
„oÊwiecajàca”, rzucajàca ceny
nowe Êwiat∏o power supply – dostawa energii
general characteristics electricity black out – przerwa
– ogólna charakterystyka w dostawie elektrycznoÊci
product range – asortyment energy–saving features
for industrial purposes – dla – funkcje oszcz´dzania
celów przemys∏owych energii
tailor–made – indywidualnie (sth) translates into... – (coÊ)
projektowane (dos∏. „szyte przek∏ada si´ na...
na miar´”)
highly valued – wysoko cenione
advantage – zaleta

Our products are... – Nasze produkty sà...
~ comfortable – wygodne
~ easy to use – ∏atwe w u˝yciu
~ elegant – ∏adne, estetyczne
~ environment–friendly – przyjazne dla Êrodowiska
~ functional – funkcjonalne
~ high–quality – wysokiej jakoÊci
~ inexpensive – niedrogie
~ original – oryginalne, unikatowe
~ practical – praktyczne
~ reliable – solidne, niezawodne
~ safe – bezpieczne
~ state–of–the–art (cutting edge) technology
– najnowoczeÊniejsze pod wzgl´dem technologicznym
Business presentations: En–Light
Jak to dzia∏a?-
PREZENTACJA
Zapoznajmy si´ ze zwrotami przydatnymi w prezentacjach.
ROZPOCZYNAMY
– Good afternoon, my name is... and I’m... for... .
(Dzieƒ dobry, nazywam si´... i jestem... w firmie...)
– Thank you very much for inviting me here today.
(Bardzo dzi´kuj´ za zaproszenie mnie tutaj dzisiaj.)
PRZEDSTAWIAMY CEL I G¸ÓWNE PUNKTY PREZENTACJI

– My presentation is about... (Moja prezentacja dotyczy...)
– I’d like to talk about... (Chcia∏bym opowiedzieç o...)
– Let me start with... (Pozwólcie paƒstwo, ˝e zaczn´ od...)
– I’ll then turn to... Next, I’d like to say something about...
(Nast´pnie przejd´ do... Póêniej chcia∏bym powiedzieç coÊ o...)
– Finally,... (Na koniec...)
ZMIENIAMY TEMAT
– So much for... Now let’s look at... (Wystarczy ju˝ o...
Przejdêmy teraz do...)
– Turning to... (Przechodzàc do...)
PODSUMOWUJEMY
– Let me summarise briefly the main points. (Chcia∏bym
krótko podsumowaç g∏ówne punkty.)
– I’d like to recap now. (Chcia∏bym teraz podsumowaç.)
– In conlusion,... (Podsumowujàc,...)
KO¡CZYMY
– I think I’d stop here. (Chyba na tym ju˝ zakoƒcz´.)
– Thank you for your attention. (Dzi´kuj´ za uwag´.)
– I hope you found my talk interesting. (Mam nadziej´,
˝e moja prezentacja by∏a interesujàca.)
42
UNIT 7
PROSIMY O PYTANIA
– Do you have any questions? (Czy sà jakieÊ pytania?)
– If you have any questions, feel free to interrupt me
anytime you wish (JeÊli macie paƒstwo pytania, mo˝ecie
mi przerwaç w dowolnej chwili.)
– I’ll gladly answer any questions at the end of my
presentation (Ch´tnie odpowiem na pytania na koniec
prezentacji.)
ZADAWANIE PYTA¡ DO PREZENTACJI
Zadajàc pytania prezenterowi, najpierw nawiàzujemy do tego, co

powiedzia∏, nast´pnie zadajemy w∏aÊciwe pytanie:
You were talking about devices that ensure power supply in

case of an electricity cut–off. (Mówi∏ pan o urzàdzeniach
zapewniajàcych dop∏yw pràdu w razie odcićia elektrycznoÊci.)
– nawiàzanie.
How long can a building of our size be supplied with power
from batteries? (Jak d∏ugo budynek naszej wielkoÊci mo˝e byç
zasilany z baterii?) – w∏aÊciwe pytanie.
You also said that the system is equipped with energy–saving
features. (Powiedzia∏ pan te˝, ˝e system wyposa˝ony jest
w „funkcje oszcz´dzania energii”) – nawiàzanie.
What are they exactly? (Jakie to dok∏adnie funkcje?)
– w∏aÊciwe pytanie.
PORÓWNYWANIE CECH
Dla skuteczniejszego przekonania s∏uchaczy do prezentowanego produktu

mo˝emy pos∏u˝yç si´ porównaniami. Do tego celu u˝ywamy:
PRZYMIOTNIKÓW W STOPNIU WY˚SZYM I NAJWY˚SZYM

– PMK–20 is cheaper than many similar products on the market.
(PMK–20 jest taƒszy ni˝ wiele podobnych produktów na rynku.)
– We offer the best functionality at the most competitive

prices. (Oferujemy najlepszà funkcjonalnoÊç po najbardziej
konkurencyjnych cenach.)
WYRA˚E¡: as... as...; in comparison to...; unlike... ; still

– This model is twice as efficient as the previous one.
(Ten model jest dwa razy wydajniejszy ni˝ poprzedni.)
– Their strong advantage is very low energy consumption in

comparison to similar products on the market. (Ich du˝à zaletà
jest bardzo niskie zu˝ycie energii w porównaniu z podobnymi
produktami na rynku.)
– Unlike our competitors, we provide training for free.

(W przeciwieƒstwie do konkurencji, oferujemy szkolenia
bezp∏atnie.)
– Our lights aren’t the cheapest, but still value for money.
(Nasze oÊwietlenie nie jest najtaƒsze, ale mimo tego jest
warte swej ceny.)
åwiczenia-
1. Wpisz odpowiednie przymiotniki w luki w poni˝szych zdaniach.
cost–effective, environment–friendly, cutting edge technology

/ state–of–the–art technology, safe, tailor–made
1. The new printers are very ....................................

– we reduced the cost of printing one page almost twice.
2. We only use the chemicals which are .....................................
and do not pollute air or water.
3. The security camera S–200 is ................................
– it has the most advanced functions you may require.
44
UNIT 7
4. These toys aren’t ............................. for children aged three

and less, who can swallow small elements.
5. We offer ............................... management trainings
– the courses are designed individually to client’s needs.
2. Dopasuj poczàtki zdaƒ 1–6 do zakoƒczeƒ a–f oraz napisz w jakiej

kolejnoÊci pojawiajà si´ te zdania w prezentacji (zob. przyk∏ad).
..... 1. I’ll then turn a. at start–up costs for a simple

..... 2. It’s in three parts. internet shop.
Let me start b. about efficient online selling.
..... 3. Good afternoon and c. feel free to interrupt me.
thank you d. to discussing barriers in
..... 4. Finally, I’ll look e–trade.
..6.. 5. If you have any questions, e. for inviting me here.
..... 6. My presentation is f. with some basic data about
Internet users in Poland.
3. Uzupe∏nij luki 1–6 w poni˝szej prezentacji zwrotami z ramki.
I’d like to talk about

I’ll then turn to
I work as a production director for Veel Cosmetics
Finally
Let me start with
thank you for inviting me here
Hello everybody and 1........................................... .

My name is Jane and 2.............................................................
Today 3............................................. the market for luxury
cosmetics in Eastern Europe. 4..................................... a brief
characteristics of markets in Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary
and the Baltic States. 5................................... an analysis of
customer preferences in these countries. 6. ...............................,
I’ll look at opportunities for companies willing to invest in that
area.
4. Dobierz odpowiednie nawiàzanie spoÊród 1–5 do pytaƒ a–e.
1. You told us that compatibility problems are possible with older

hardware.
2. You suggested hiring an external transport company to take
care of the delivery.
3. You said that you can offer us a discount for large orders.
4. You said something about a company called Rutoc.
5. You recommended upgrading our computer software.
a. How much can you give us for, let’s say, 500 units?
b. Where can we find more information about their products?
c. Will this programme run on a 500 MHz PC?
d. What is the cost of such operation for 75 PCs?
e. How much do you think we could save on that?
5. Wstaw w luki s∏owa lub zwroty oznaczajàce porównania.
the cheapest, in comparison to, unlike,

in comparison to, as...as, but still, easier
1. We chose PanTek as our main supplier – their offer was

................... – only $20 per kilo,....................... $28 and $31
offered by their competitors.
2. ................. other companies, we do not charge extra fees for
installation.
3. The new office is not ............... comfortable .............. the
previous one.
4. Taxes went down by 2% in the UK last year, .................
they’re high.
5. Computers are much ................... to use today than 10 years
ago.
46
UNIT 7
Don’t say...
Oprócz interesujàcej treÊci, dobra prezentacja w j´zyku
angielskim to unikanie zarozumia∏ego tonu i kolokwialnego
j´zyka. Nie zaczynajmy od Hi guys, how are you? („CzeÊç ludzie,
co s∏ychaç?”) ani nie przesadzajmy z iloÊcià idiomów. Zdania typu
The competitor’s product is worse than ours („Produkt konkurencji
jest gorszy od naszego”) czy te˝ XYZ’s products are totally
unsuitable for industrial purposes („Produkty firmy XYZ zupe∏nie
nie nadajà si´ do zastosowaƒ przemys∏owych”) zastàpmy raczej
takimi, które w pozytywny sposób opisujà naszà firm´ lub nasz
produkt. Wreszcie, na zadane pytanie nigdy nie odpowiadajmy
I don’t know („Nie wiem”) – zaproponujmy przekazanie informacji
w póêniejszym terminie.
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
5. 1 the cheapest / in comparison to 2 Unlike / In comparison to 3 as...as 4 but still easier
3 I’d like to talk about 4 Let me start with 5 I’ll then turn to 6 Finally 4. 1c 2e 3a 4b 5d
5c 3. 1 thank you for inviting me here 2 I work as a production director for Veel Cosmetics
technology 4 safe 5 tailor–made 2. KolejnoÊç: (1) 3e (2) 6b (3) 2f (4) 1d (5) 4a (6)
1. 1 cost–effective 2 environment–friendly 3 cutting edge technology / state–of–the–art
8. Marketing:
A new toothpaste
07 Katie and Jim are marketing executives at NoName Inc. Katie stops
Jim in the corridor to speak to him.
KATIE: Jim, do you have a minute?

JIM: Sure, what’s up?
KATIE: We’re doing a marketing campaign for a new toothpaste at
the moment. What do you think about launching it under our
own brand?
JIM: Hey! An own brand? So far we’ve only been doing generic
products and others sold them under their private labels.
KATIE: Yeah... That’s a change and a challenge, isn’t it? We’re
growing and it’s high time we finally had a brand like a
proper company. I’m collecting people’s ideas...
JIM: Well, I guess all but one of the P’s are there. The product is
carefully designed, the price is fair, and the place of
distribution – the supermarkets – is also fine. The only P
we’re wanting is good promotion. With a new brand and our
current target group, it can eat up a zillion, though...
KATIE: Uhmm... that’s what I’m also afraid of. We’re pretty tight on
budget. I wish we had the cash for TV spots and celebrity
endorsement.
JIM: Actually, maybe we can do without hefty sums here...
KATIE: Are you suggesting anything?
JIM: What about press ads just for a start, hmm? The dailies won’t
charge us at rip–off prices. OK, newspapers aren’t as effective
as TV, but we can boost sales by offering some added value.
KATIE: ’Buy one, get one free. Free dental check–up if you buy
three?’
JIM: Great rhyme! I like it! That way we’ll also present ourselves
as a company that cares for their clients’ health.
KATIE: And that can help us build up the brand awareness and
loyalty too. Yes, that’s a good idea....
48
UNIT 8
S∏ownictwo-
to launch – wprowadziç na rynek celebrity endorsement
brand – marka – reklama z udzia∏em znanej
generic products – produkty osoby
niemarkowe hefty sums – „ci´˝kie miliony”
private label – marka w∏asna ads (pot.) – og∏oszenia
sieci handlowej to charge sb – za˝àdaç zap∏aty
to collect sb’s ideas – zbieraç od kogoÊ
pomys∏y od kogoÊ at rip–off prices (pot.) – po
all but one – wszystkie oprócz wygórowanej paskarskiej
jednego cenie
the four P’s – Product, Price, to boost sales – znacznie
Place, Promotion (produkt, zwi´kszyç sprzeda˝
cena, miejsce, promocja) added value – wartoÊç dodana
we’re wanting – brakuje nam free dental check–up – darmowy
target group – grupa docelowa przeglàd u dentysty
zillion – (pot.) bardzo du˝o brand awareness / loyalty
to be tight on budget – mieç – ÊwiadomoÊç
ograniczony bud˝et / przywiàzanie do marki

after–sales service – serwis manufacturer – producent
posprzeda˝owy Point of Sale (POS) – punkt
consumer – konsument sprzeda˝y
discount – rabat, zni˝ka recommended (retail) price
distribution channel – kana∏ – sugerowana cena
dystrybucji (detaliczna)
end–user – u˝ytkownik retail / wholesale trade
koƒcowy – handel detaliczny / hurtowy
franchising – franczyza sales outlet / network – punkt
gap (in the market) – luka (na / sieç sprzeda˝y
rynku) supply – poda˝
intermediary – poÊrednik Unique Selling Point (USP)
market segment / share – oryginalna cecha produktu
– segment / udzia∏ w rynku odró˝niajàca go od
margin – mar˝a konkurencji
Marketing: A new toothpaste
Jak to dzia∏a?-
Czasownik do
Angielskiego czasownika do u˝ywamy w wielu znaczeniach i funkcjach:
Jako operatora w zdaniach pytajàcych i przeczàcych w czasie Simple Present:

Jim, do you have a minute? (Jim, czy masz dla mnie chwil´?)
I don’t have time. (Nie mam czasu.)
Jako czasownika „robiç, pracowaç nad czymÊ”:
We’re doing a marketing campaign... (Robimy kampani´...)
W po∏àczeniu z przyimkami:
Maybe we can do without lots of money. (Mo˝e poradzimy
sobie bez wielkich pieni´dzy.)
Let’s do away with unnecessary expenses. (Zlikwidujmy
niepotrzebne wydatki.)
W zdaniach twierdzàcych, by podkreÊliç jakiÊ wa˝ny komunikat:
Oh, I do apologise. It is entirely my fault. (Och, bardzo
przepraszam. To wy∏àcznie moja wina.)
We do know that they’re insolvent. (Wiemy z ca∏à pewnoÊcià,
˝e sà niewyp∏acalni.)
We frazach:
$50 should do for a meal. (50$ powinno wystarczyç na posi∏ek.)
We have nothing to do with tax fraud. (Nie mamy nic
wspólnego z oszustwami podatkowymi.)
J´zyk potoczny
W nieformalnych sytuacjach, np. podczas luênej rozmowy z kolegami

w pracy, cz´sto u˝ywamy wyra˝eƒ potocznych:
What’s up? (O co chodzi?)

The only P we’re wanting. (Jedyne ‘P’, którego nam brakuje.)
It can eat up a zillion. (To mo˝e nam po˝reç sporo kasy.)
We’re pretty tight on budget. (Krucho u nas z pieni´dzmi.)
Maybe we can do without hefty sums. (Mo˝e poradzimy sobie
bez ci´˝kich milionów.)
50
UNIT 8
The dailies won’t charge us at rip–off prices (Dzienniki nie

skasujà nas po paskarskich cenach.)
We can boost sales... (Mo˝emy podbiç sprzeda˝...)
Porównanie – like oraz as
Prawid∏owe u˝ycie s∏ówek like oraz as sprawia problem ze wzgl´du na

podobne t∏umaczenia: „jak” lub „jako”.
W zdaniach wyra˝ajàcych podobieƒstwo u˝ywamy like:

It’s high time we had a brand like a proper company. (Najwy˝szy
czas, ˝ebyÊmy mieli mark´ jak firma z prawdziwego zdarzenia.)
Exporting textiles to China is like sending ice to Antarctica.
(Eksport ubraƒ do Chin jest jak wysy∏anie lodu na Antarktyd´.)
S∏ówka as u˝ywamy w znaczeniach „jako”, „w taki sposób jak”, oraz

w zwrotach: as...as... („tak...jak...”), as usual („jak zwykle”), such as
(„taki jak”), the same as („taki sam jak”):
We’ll present ourselves as a company that cares for their clients’

health. (Przedstawimy si´ jako firma, która troszczy si´
o zdrowie swoich klientów.)
Do as you are told! (Rób jak ci ka˝à!)
Newspapers are not as effective as TV. (Gazety nie sà tak
skuteczne jak telewizja.)
Zwroty I wish, It’s high time
Po niektórych zwrotach wyra˝ajàcych ˝yczenie (It’s high time, I wish)

lub przypuszczenie (Suppose..., Supposing...), które odnoszà si´ do
teraêniejszoÊci bàdê przysz∏oÊci, u˝ywamy czasu Simple Past:
It’s high time we finally had a brand. (Najwy˝szy czas,

˝ebyÊmy wreszcie mieli w∏asnà mark´.)
I wish we had the cash for TV spots. (Chcia∏abym, ˝ebyÊmy
mieli pieniàdze na klipy w telewizji.)
Marketing: A new toothpaste
åwiczenia-
1. Wpisz w luki w zdaniach 1–5 odpowiednie s∏owa z ramki.

market share target group franchising
margin private labels recommended retail price
1. King’s Diamonds Co. sell expensive jewellery – their
2. We buy light bulbs from the manufacturer at €0.10 per unit

......................... are rich and independent customers.
and sell them at the ............................ of € 0.45, so our

......................... is € 0.35.
3. Buying a license to use somebody else’s brand name and logo is
an arrangement known as ..................... .
4. Many supermarkets have their ...................... nowadays, for
example ABC mineral water, ABC beer or ABC sugar.
5. Brilliant Co. have 25% .......... for make–up products in Poland.
2. Zastàp pogrubione wyra˝enia w zdaniach 1–5 ich potocznymi

odpowiednikami a–e.
1. She needs a new challenge. a. is wanting

2. The project may require large financial something to give
investment. her a kick.
3. Let’s think how we can increase our sales. b. boost
4. Launching a TV campaign involves a c. can eat up a zillion
significant amount of money. d. was ripped off
5. I paid twice as much as I should have e. hefty sums
at the airline office!
3. W luki poni˝ej wpisz odpowiednie zwroty z ramki.

don’t doing away should do do without do
1. Three weeks .................... to come up with the marketing

brief – it’s more than enough.
2. We .................. need to be more aggressive with advertising,
no doubt. Otherwise, our sales will drop to zero.
3. I suggest ..................... with customer loyalty programmes that
didn’t bring any results and cost us money.
52
UNIT 8
4. Every company needs careful planning – it’s not possible to

.................. it.
5. Honestly, I ..................... know anything about this company,
but I can check them on the Internet.
4. Like czy as?
1. The situation is not the same .............. fifteen years ago.

2. The department director treats her employees .......... slaves.
3. AlphaSuits new men’s collection looks ............... a pile of rags.
4. He works ............ a marketing executive.
5. I have reworked the product logo ............ you requested.
5. W ka˝dym z poni˝szych zdaƒ jest jeden b∏àd. Znajdê go i popraw.
1. It’s high time she gets promoted to a managerial position.

2. I wish we can spend our time on something more efficient
than paperwork!
3. Suppose they cheating us, we have no way to take them to court.
4. I wish that they are more co–operative.
5. It’s about time we re–design our company website.
Direct marketing
Jak obrazowo scharakteryzowaç ró˝ne rodzaje marketingu?
Wyobraêmy sobie, ˝e jesteÊmy na przyjćiu, na którym widzimy
niezwykle interesujàcà osob´... Co zrobiç? Mo˝emy podejÊç i powie-
dzieç I’m fantastic in bed – jest to przyk∏ad direct marketing (marke-
tingu bezpoÊredniego). JeÊli wyÊlemy kogoÊ, by powiedzia∏ powy˝sze
zdanie o nas, b´dzie to przyk∏ad advertising (reklamy). Najlepiej
jednak zaczekaç, a˝ osoba sama podejdzie do nas i powie I hear you’re
fantastic in bed – wtedy jest to brand awareness (ÊwiadomoÊç marki).
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
were.... 5 It’s about time we re–design re–designed our ...
2 I wish we can could spend... 3 Suppose they cheating cheated us... 4 I wish that they are
without 5 don’t 4. 1 as 2 like 3 like 4 as 5 as 5. 1 It’s high time she gets got promoted...
5 market share 2. 1 a 2 c 3 b 4 e 5 d 3. 1 should do 2 do 3 doing away 4 do
1. 1 target group 2 recommended retail price, margin 3 franchising 4 private labels
9. Fragrance DeLuxe
08 MIKE: Right, hello everyone. As you know, today we’re discussing an
advertising strategy for Fragrance DeLuxe, our latest perfume
design. Let’s start from deciding on the target group and then
move on to the details of promotion... Anyone?
ANNE: Mhhmm... from what I know, the retail price will be around
$100 per bottle, so I think we should go for people in the
high or upper–middle income bracket, say, $40,000 a year?
JAKE: That sounds reasonable. But what about fashion–conscious
people who can’t afford luxury goods now but will probably
earn more in the future to pay for our upper–shelf perfumes?
MIKE: Are you suggesting advertising to students, Jake?
JAKE: Yeah, why not? Many of them are eager to buy expensive
things and although they’re short of cash now, they’ll come to
spend money with us once they start making it.
MIKE: Jake, I don’t think that’s a good idea. It’s going to generate
huge costs and we can never see the potential profits.
ANNE: Mike’s right. It’s just inefficient. How about targeting working
women in their 30–40’s? A good press campaign supported by
hoardings in larger cities could do very well.
MIKE: I like your proposal, Anne, but I’m not certain if daily
newspapers are really the best medium. You see, ...
ANNE: Sorry, could I just interrupt you? I was thinking about women
magazines, not dailies. Fragrance DeLuxe is for women, so
women magazines are a natural choice.
JAKE: Yes, I agree with Anne. We can also include free samples on
the page with our advertisement. It worked very well with
the campaign for CitroChic.
MIKE: Good idea. Consumers always like freebies. So, can we now...
S∏ownictwo-
advertising strategy – strategia we should go for people in the
reklamowa high or upper–middle income
retail price – cena detaliczna bracket – powinniÊmy skupiç
si´ na ludziach o wysokich lub
Êrednich dochodach
54
UNIT 9
fashion-conscious – znajàcy si´ potential profits – potencjalne

na modzie zyski
to afford sth – móc sobie na coÊ inefficient – nieefektywne
pozwoliç hoardings (AmE billboards)
many of them are eager to buy – billboardy, plakaty uliczne
expensive things – wielu z medium – Êrodek (reklamy)
nich ch´tnie kupi∏oby drogie women magazines – pisma
rzeczy kobiece
to be short of cash – nie mieç dailies – dzienniki
doÊç pieni´dzy free samples – darmowe próbki
to make money – zarabiaç freebies – gratisy
pieniàdze

advertising agency – agencja reklamowa
advertising brief – brief reklamowy
classified ads – og∏oszenia drobne
focused advertising – reklama do okreÊlonej grupy osób
to launch a press campaign – uruchomiç kampani´ prasowà
leaflet – ulotka
mailing – rozsy∏anie reklam drogà pocztowà
radio / TV spot – spot radiowy / telewizyjny
to publish (run) an advert – publikowaç reklam´
special offer – oferta specjalna
strap line – slogan, has∏o reklamowe
TV commercial – reklama telewizyjna
word–of–mouth advertising – reklama „szeptana”
Jak to dzia∏a?-
Udzia∏ w zebraniach
Rozpoczynamy
– Today we’re discussing an advertising strategy for... (DziÊ
rozmawiamy o strategii reklamowej...)
– Right, let’s start / let’s get started. (No dobrze, zacznijmy.)
Fragrance DeLuxe
Wyra˝amy opini´
– I think we should go for people in the high income bracket.
(MyÊl´, ˝e powinniÊmy uderzyç w ludzi o wysokich
dochodach.)
– In my opinion, that’s not the most cost–effective solution.
(Moim zdaniem to nie jest najbardziej efektywne rozwiàzanie,
jeÊli chodzi o koszty.)
Proponujemy rozwiàzanie
– How about targeting working women in their 30’s? (A mo˝e
ukierunkowaç reklam´ na pracujàce kobiety po trzydziestce?)
– Why don’t we advertise in women magazines? (A mo˝e
powinniÊmy si´ og∏aszaç w pismach kobiecych?)
Zgadzamy si´
– Mike’s right. (Mike ma racj´.)
– I like your proposal. (Podoba mi si´ twoja propozycja.)
– I agree with Anne. (Zgadzam si´ z Annà.)
– Good idea. (Dobry pomys∏.)
– You’re absolutely right (Masz ca∏kowità racj´.)
Mamy inne zdanie lub wàtpliwoÊci
– I don’t think that’s a good idea. (Nie sàdz´, ˝eby to by∏
dobry pomys∏.)
– I’m not certain if... (Nie jestem pewny, czy...)
– That’s not exactly true. (To nie do koƒca prawda.)
– I’m afraid I don’t see it like that. (Obawiam si´, ˝e ja widz´
to inaczej.)
Zadajemy pytania
– Anyone? (KtoÊ ch´tny?)
– Are you suggesting advertising to students? (Proponujesz
reklamy skierowane do studentów?)
– Can you go over that again? (Czy mo˝esz to jeszcze raz wyjaÊniç?)
– What do you think about that? (Co o tym sàdzisz?)
– What do you mean by ’average’? (Co masz na myÊli mówiàc
„Êredni”?)
Przerywamy komuÊ
– Sorry, could I just interrupt you? (Przepraszam, czy mog´ ci
przerwaç?)
– Sorry, could I just say something? (Przepraszam, czy mog´
coÊ powiedzieç?)
56
UNIT 9
Koƒczymy spotkanie
– So, let’s just summarize the main points. (No dobrze,
podsumujmy g∏ówne punkty.)
– We’ll finish the discussion tomorrow. (Dokoƒczymy
dyskusj´ jutro.)
– Thank you all for coming. (Dzi´kuj´ wszystkim za przybycie.)
Let’s i How about
Zwrotów let’s i how about u˝ywamy do wyra˝enia sugestii. Po let’s

u˝ywamy czasownika w bezokoliczniku bez to, natomiast po how about
formy –ing:
Let’s start from deciding on the target group. (Zacznijmy od
okreÊlenia grupy docelowej.)
How about targeting working women in their 30s? (A mo˝e
ukierunkowaç reklam´ na pracujàce kobiety po trzydziestce?)
S∏ownictwo dotyczàce reklamy
campaign: press and TV ~ (kampania prasowa i telewizyjna),

successful ~ (udana), to launch a ~ (uruchomiç kampani´),
a ~ aimed at... (kampania kierowana do...)
strategy: effective ~ (efektywna strategia), clear ~ (jasna),
short–term ~ (krótkoterminowa),
to decide on a ~ (przyjàç strategi´)
price: high ~ (wysoka cena), prohibitive ~ (zaporowa),
exorbitant ~ („kosmiczna”), reasonable ~ (rozsàdna),
average ~ (Êrednia), retail ~ (detaliczna),
to raise ~ (podnieÊç cen´), to reduce ~ (obni˝yç),
~ range (zakres cenowy)
money: to spend ~ (wydawaç pieniàdze), to make ~ (zarabiaç),
to waste ~ (marnowaç), to save ~ (oszcz´dzaç)
profit: to generate ~ (generowaç zyski), to make ~ (zarabiaç),
huge ~ (ogromny zysk), record ~ (rekordowy), small ~ (ma∏y)
Fragrance DeLuxe
åwiczenia-
1. Po∏àcz przyk∏ady 1–5 z odpowiednimi okreÊleniami a–e.
1. ’Buy one, get one free’ a. target group

2. A key–ring which you get for free if you b. word–of–mouth
buy e.g. a shampoo advertising
3. people who the advertisement is directed to c. special offer
4. letting other people know about the d. product
product through personal recommendation endorsement
5. a bottle of perfume advertised by a e. a freebie
famous footballer
2. Uzupe∏nij poni˝szy dialog wstawiajàc wyra˝enia a–g w odpowiednie luki.
a. I’m afraid b. what do you think about c. Let’s

d. I agree e. How about f. good idea
g. I suggest
– So, (1) .......... the possible target group for our product?
– (2) .......... we could aim at people in their 40’s or older.
(4) .......... discuss the price now. Shall we sell it at, say, €50?
– (3) .......... . They use it quite a lot, it’ll be a perfect product for them.
€50? (5) .......... it’s too expensive. The price should be much lower.
–
–
– But why? This is only a little more than our competitors’ price.
(6) .......... selling at €35 per unit, but in smaller bottles?

– Because we are new on the market and we need new clients.
–
– OK, that’s a (7) .......... . The bottle will be smaller, but also cheaper.
3. Let’s czy how about?
1. ........... finish discussing this tomorrow, shall we?

2. ........... finishing the discussion tomorrow?
3. ........... ignore these points – they’re not important.
4. ........... count how much this will all cost.
5. ........... running a TV campaign?
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UNIT 9
4. Po∏àcz fragmenty z obu kolumn tak, by powsta∏y logiczne zdania.
1. It’s absolutely clear that a. aimed at teenagers and

we’re wasting young adults, which
2. Aria’s advertising proved very successful.
strategy b. is very clear – they know
3. I’m afraid that $100 is exactly who they want to
a prohibitive reach.
4. One of the mobile phone c. profit of $1 million.
operators has launched a d. money on advertising in
campaign unpopular newspapers.
5. The Board is celebrating, e. price and nobody’s going
as the new campaign to buy such an expensive
brought a record product.
Mayday, mayday... We are sinking...

Jedna z du˝ych szkó∏ j´zykowych przygotowa∏a kiedyÊ oryginalny
spot reklamowy. Oto na ekranie widzimy lekko przera˝onego
oficera niemieckiej stra˝y przybrze˝nej (German coast guard),
który nie bardzo rozumie, co znaczy dochodzàce z g∏oÊnika
wo∏anie w j´zyku angielskim Mayday, mayday... We are sinking!
(Pomocy – toniemy!). Oficer rozglàda si´ w poszukiwaniu kogoÊ,
kto móg∏by go wyrćzyç w tej k∏opotliwej sytuacji, ale doko∏a nie
ma nikogo. W koƒcu naciska przycisk mikrofonu i mówi What
are you sinking about? Reklama koƒczy∏a si´ planszà z napisem
Improve your English... (Doskonal swój angielski – uwaga: jeÊli nie
rozumiesz, o co chodzi, przeczytaj klucz do çwiczeƒ).
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
czym myÊlicie?”
mylona. Niemieckiemu oficerowi wydawa∏o si´, ˝e us∏ysza∏ „MyÊlimy, myÊlimy”, wić zapyta∏: „O
Czasownik sink (tonàç) ma zbli˝onà wymow´ do think (myÊleç). Wymowa ta jest bardzo cz´sto
3 Let’s 4 Let’s 5 How about 4. 1 d 2 b 3 e 4 a 5 c Mayday, mayday... We are sinking
1. 1 c 2 e 3 a 4 b 5 d 2. 1 b 2 g 3 d 4 c 5 a 6 e 7 f 3. 1 Let’s 2 How about
10. Human Resources:
kick out the IT
09 Eric, the Managing Director of Tars Textiles, has asked Maggie, the
HR director, to come to his office.
MAGGIE: You wanted to see me, Eric?

ERIC: Yes, Maggie, come in... It’s a delicate situation so I’d
appreciate your discretion. We’re considering reorganization
of some of the departments and...
MAGGIE: Eric – tell it as it is: are we firing people?
ERIC: Well, I’m not saying we will, but we may. And I need...
MAGGIE: ... me as an HR director to tell the victims?
ERIC: Maggie! Let me finish, please? No final decision has been
taken yet; however, the facts are clear – labour costs have
gone up and we are clearly overstaffed.
MAGGIE: All right, so what’s the plan?
ERIC: We have to cut overheads and I thought we could outsource
some of the non–core activities.
MAGGIE: You’re thinking about administration and maintenance?
ERIC: Right, in fact, most of the admin staff. We’d rather not
touch any of the line positions.
MAGGIE: Let me think... We might do away with IT people. Having
them on our payroll is really expensive and independent
sub–contractors can do this job much more cost–effectively.
ERIC: Good idea! I see we’re communicating. And how about
outsourcing the bookkeeping services? That’s popular now.
MAGGIE: Let’s make an exception and keep the books. We have too
many operations to handle every month and an external
firm might be more expensive than in–house staff.
ERIC: We have to see what’s more economically viable, of course.
And on a positive note – we are currently creating more
sales positions and I’d like you to prepare new contracts
for...
60
UNIT 10
S∏ownictwo-
I’d appreciate... – By∏bym line positions – stanowiska
wdzićzny za... zwiàzane z dzia∏alnoÊcià
to fire sb – wyrzucaç kogoÊ podstawowà
z pracy sub–contractors
victim – ofiara – podwykonawcy,
labour costs – koszty pracy zleceniobiorcy
to be overstaffed – mieç za du˝o bookkeeping – ksi´gowoÊç
pracowników Let’s keep the books – zostawmy
overheads – koszty ogólne ksi´gowoÊç
to outsource – zleciç zewn´trznej to handle sth –zajmowaç si´
firmie (jakàÊ dzia∏alnoÊç) czymÊ
core activity – dzia∏alnoÊç in–house staff – pracownicy
podstawowa w∏asni
maintenance – personel economically viable
techniczny – uzasadnione ekonomicznie
admin staff – personel on the positive note – coÊ
administracyjny optymistycznego

compensation – odszkodowanie, wynagrodzenie
to dismiss sb – zwolniç kogoÊ
dress code – wymagany strój
for disciplinary reasons – z powodów dyscyplinarnych
grievance procedure – tryb rozpatrywania skarg
to make sb redundant – zwolniç kogoÊ (z powodu redukcji)
maternity leave – urlop macierzyƒski
motivational programme – program motywacyjny
overpaid –zbyt wysoko op∏acany
paid / unpaid holiday – urlop p∏atny / bezp∏atny
perks – korzyÊci niepieni´˝ne (np. s∏u˝bowy samochód)
probationary period – okres próbny
recruitment – rekrutacja
sick leave – zwolnienie lekarskie
training – szkolenie
underpaid –zbyt nisko op∏acany
Human Resources: kick out the IT
Jak to dzia∏a?-
CZASOWNIKI MODALNE: can, could, may, might
Przy pomocy czasowników modalnych can, could, may oraz might

wyra˝amy sugesti´ lub przypuszczenie. Najwi´ksze prawdopodobieƒstwo
wyra˝a czasownik can, a najmniejsze might.
I’m not saying we will fire people, but we may. (Nie mówi´,
˝e zwolnimy ludzi, ale mo˝emy [to zrobiç].)
We could outsource some of the non–core activities.
(MoglibyÊmy zleciç zewn´trznej firmie niektóre zadania nie
zwiàzane z podstawowà dzia∏alnoÊcià.)
We might do away with IT people. (MoglibyÊmy pozbyç si´
ludzi z dzia∏u IT.)
Sub–contractors can do this job more cost–effectively.
(Zleceniobiorcy mogà wykonywaç t´ prac´ taniej.)
make oraz do
W j´zyku angielskim u˝ywamy dwóch czasowników w znaczeniu „robiç”,

„wykonywaç”:
Sub–contractors can do this job.... (Zleceniobiorcy mogà

wykonywaç t´ prac´...)
Let’s make an exception. (Zróbmy wyjàtek.)
Inne frazy:
do: business with sb (robiç z kimÊ interesy)
sb a favour (zrobiç komuÊ przys∏ug´)
one’s best (postaraç si´)
a research (przeprowadziç badania)
make: an appointment (umówiç si´ na spotkanie),

a mistake (zrobiç b∏àd), money (zarabiaç),
a phone call (zadzwoniç), a plan (zaplanowaç),
profit (mieç zysk), a suggestion (zaproponowaç),
an offer (wystosowaç ofert´)
62
UNIT 10
Umowa o prac´
CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT: (Umowa o prac´)

Entered into by and between (Zawarta pomi´dzy)
....., hereinafter referred to as ’the employer’ (dalej:
„pracodawca”) and ....., hereinafter referred to as
’the employee’ (dalej: „pracownik”)
COMMENCEMENT: (rozpoczćie)
This contract will begin on... and continue until... (Umowa
obowiàzuje od... i jest wa˝na do...)
JOB TITLE AND DESCRIPTION: (stanowisko pracy)

The employee will work as... (Pracownik b´dzie zatrudniony jako...)
The place of work is... (Miejscem pracy jest...)
The working hours are from... to..., Monday to Friday.
(Godziny pracy: od... do..., od poniedzia∏ku do piàtku.)
Three cigarette breaks, 10 minutes each, are allowed daily.
(Dozwolone sà trzy 10–min. przerwy na papierosa dziennie.)
DUTIES: (obowiàzki)
The employee will be responsible for ... (Pracownik
odpowiedzialny b´dzie za... – lista czynnoÊci w punktach)
The employee must not use confidential information for
private purposes. (Pracownikowi nie wolno u˝ywaç poufnych
informacji do celów prywatnych.)
PAY: (wynagrodzenie)
The weekly / monthly pay will be... plus performance
bonuses. (Tygodniowe / miesićzne wynagrodzenie wyniesie...
plus dodatki za wyniki.)
It will be paid in cash / by bank transfer. (Zostanie ono
wyp∏acone w gotówce / przelewem bankowym.)
in advance / in arrears (z góry / z do∏u)
Uwaga: W Wlk. Brytanii przy zawieraniu sta∏ej umowy o prac´ pensja (salary)
bardzo cz´sto okreÊlana jest w stosunku rocznym (p.a., per annum).
NOTICE AND TERMINATION: (wypowiedzenie i rozwiàzanie)

This contract can be terminated by either party giving to
the other one month’s written notice. (Niniejsza umowa mo˝e
byç rozwiàzana przez ka˝dà ze stron, z jednomiesićznym
wypowiedzeniem w formie pisemnej.)
SIGNATURES: (podpisy)
åwiczenia-
1. U∏ó˝ wypowiedzi a–h w sensowny dialog.
..... a. Disciplinary reasons?! What did they do exactly?
..1.. b. I’ve decided to fire some of our employees.
..... c. Well, you have no other choice, do you...?
..... d. May I ask why you’re firing the three?
..... e. Oh yes? And who are the victims?
..... f. They were found stealing from the warehouse.
..... g. For disciplinary reasons.
..... h. Mr Lyns, Mrs Panker and Mrs Irgenson.
2. Uzupe∏nij poni˝sze zdania wyrazami z ramki.
overheads to outsource perks sick leave

training was dismissed
1. Administration and other ..................... eat up too much cash,

so we need ...................... some non–core activities.
64
UNIT 10
2. Mr Wilkins ........................ on his own request.
3. One of the ................... is a company car.
4. A note from the doctor is required when taking ................... .
5. New employees undergo .................... before they can operate

the machines.
3. Dopasuj problemy 1–5 do odpowiedniego przypuszczenia lub sugestii a–e.
1. Our employees don’t know how to handle aggressive customers.

2. The marketing department is overstaffed.
3. Our accountants are overpaid.
4. The marketing director is complaining about her work
conditions.
5. The staff are unhappy about the new director.
a. We might try reducing their salaries.

b. We can move some staff to other departments.
c. We could organize assertiveness training.
d. Some of them might leave their jobs.
e. She may want a higher salary.
4. Make czy do?
1. John, will you ............. me a favour?
2. Good afternoon, I’d like to ...... an appointment with Mr Wells.
3. Excuse me, can I ................. a suggestion?
4. I can’t promise anything but I’ll .................. my best.
5. It’s hard to ................. any profit if the prices are so low.
5. Uzupe∏nij luki w tekÊcie odpowiednimi zwrotami podanymi poni˝ej.
CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT
1....:
Plastic Technologies Ltd, 2.... ’the employer’; and
Mrs Linda Evans, 2.... ’the employee’
This contract is made for a 3..... which will begin 4.... and
continue 5.... .
6.... a secretary. 7.... 35 High Street, Ipswich, UK.
The working hours are 8....., Monday to Friday.
9...: answering phone calls, handling correspondence, entertaining
visitors and managing the office archives.
The employee must not use any 10.... information for her private
purposes.
11.... will be £15,000. 12.... monthly 13.... to the account
indicated by the employee, on the 28th day of each month.
This contract can be 14..... by either party giving to the other
15.... .
Thus done and signed at Ipswich, on this tenth day of April

2007.
___(xxx)___ ___(xxx)___
Employee Employer
a. on 01 September 2007 i. probationary period

b. Entered into by and between j. The annual salary
c. two week’s written notice k. hereinafter referred to as
d. The employee will work as l. This will be paid
e. The place of work is m. from 10 a.m. until 6 p.m.
f. terminated n. The employee will be
g. until 31 September 2007 responsible for
h. confidential o. by bank transfer
66
UNIT 10
Company (de)motivational posters

Pracodawcy znajdujà ró˝ne sposoby, by zachćiç pracowników do
identyfikowania si´ z firmà. Jednym z nich sà ró˝nego rodzaju
„has∏a bojowe” oraz „z∏ote myÊli”. Na pewno jednak w ˝adnej
firmie nie zobaczymy plakatów z takimi napisami: If you do a good
job and work hard, you may get a better job with another company
one day (JeÊli pracujesz dobrze, pewnego dnia mo˝esz dostaç lepszà
prac´ w innej firmie), Your job is still better than asking ’You want
fries with what?’ (Twoja praca i tak jest lepsza ni˝ pytanie „To
z czym majà byç te frytki?”) albo Sure, you may not like working
here, but we pay for your rent („Jasne, mo˝e ci si´ tu nie podobaç,
ale to my p∏acimy za twoje mieszkanie”).
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
5 make 5. 1 b 2 k 3 i 4 a 5 g 6 d 7 e 8 m 9 n 10 h 11 j 12 l 13 o 14 f 15 c
3 perks 4 sick leave 5 training 3. 1 c 2 b 3 a 4 e 5 d 4. 1 do 2 make 3 make 4 do
1. 1 b 2 e 3 h 4 d 5 g 6 a 7 f 8 c 2. 1 overheads, to outsource 2 was dismissed
11. Planning:
Sunny Vale Inc.
10 Sunny Vale Inc. is a medium–sized body cosmetics manufacturer.
Jeff, the company’s sales director, is talking to Michael, one of the
sales representatives.
JEFF: Michael, we’re planning a promotional campaign for our

sun creams to improve their sales.
MICHAEL: Sounds like a new challenge.
JEFF: It is a challenge indeed. We’re launching the campaign in
two weeks and we want to increase our sales by 10% in the
summer months.
MICHAEL: Hmm... a 10% increase in sales means that our sales
forecast must be very optimistic. How are we going to
achieve that?
JEFF: Take a look at consumer surveys. Our clients appear to
complain about two things: too high prices and poor
availability. Our sun creams can be bought only in big
supermarkets, but are not available anywhere in small sea
resorts.
MICHAEL: Yes, chemists’ and convenience stores are certainly options
to consider. It seems we’ve been losing a lot of money so
far...
JEFF: True. However, we’re determined to develop and expand
our distribution channels and I’m confident about reaching
the sales target.
MICHAEL: How are we going to make retailers place orders with us?
JEFF: We’ll be trying to get to them through wholesalers. That’s
why I’d like you to gather information about where the
small shops and chemists’ in sea resorts buy their stock.
MICHAEL: By when?
JEFF: By next Friday at the latest. And then I suppose we’ll need
a few meetings to plan the details of the campaign.
MICHAEL: OK, I’ll do it.
68
UNIT 11
S∏ownictwo-
to improve – poprawiç It seems... – Wydaje si´, ˝e...
challenge – wyzwanie to develop – rozwinàç
to achieve – osiàgnàç to expand – rozszerzyç
a 10% increase to reach sth – osiàgnàç coÊ
– dziesićioprocentowy wzrost sales target – zaplanowana
sales forecast – prognoza sprzeda˝y wysokoÊç sprzeda˝y
consumer surveys – badania We’ll be trying to get to them
konsumenckie – B´dziemy si´ starali do
availability – dost´pnoÊç nich dotrzeç
chemists’ (l. poj. chemist’s) – apteki to gather information – zebraç
to consider options – rozwa˝yç informacje
opcje stock – towar

to be (fall) behind schedule to go over budget – przekroczyç
– mieç opóênienie bud˝et
contingency plan – plan awaryjny objective – cel
deadline – termin short–term / mid–term /
to extend a ~ – przesunàç termin; long–term ~ – cel krótko–
to keep a ~, to meet a ~ / Êrednio– / d∏ugookresowy;
– dotrzymaç terminu; to miss final ~ – cel ostateczny; key ~
a ~ – nie zdà˝yç w terminie; – cel kluczowy; to meet ~
tight ~ – napi´ty termin – osiàgnàç cel
to do sth on time / ahead of project analysis – analiza projektu
schedule – zrobiç coÊ na czas sales growth / revenue – wzrost
/ przed terminem / przychody ze sprzeda˝y
to estimate – oszacowaç troubleshooting – rozwiàzywanie
feedback – informacja zwrotna problemów
Jak to dzia∏a?-
Wyra˝anie przysz∏oÊci
Do wyra˝ania przysz∏oÊci w j´zyku angielskim u˝ywamy ró˝nych czasów
i konstrukcji gramatycznych:
Planning: Sunny Vale Inc.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS: ustalone plany na przysz∏oÊç

– We’re launching the campaign in two weeks.
(Rozpoczynamy kampani´ za dwa tygodnie.)
PRESENT SIMPLE: terminy, rozk∏ady zaj´ç
– The meeting begins at 7 o’clock. (Spotkanie rozpoczyna si´ o 7.)
GOING TO + BEZOKOLICZNIK: czynnoÊci zaplanowane, zamiary
– How are we going to achieve that?
(Jak zamierzamy to osiàgnàç?)
WILL (‘LL) + BEZOKOLICZNIK: decyzje niezaplanowane, podejmowane
w chwili ich komunikowania, przewidywanie wydarzeƒ
– OK, I’ll do it. (Dobrze, zrobi´ to.)
– I suppose we’ll need a few meetings.
(Wydaje mi si´, ˝e b´dziemy potrzebowaç kilku spotkaƒ.)
WILL BE + CZASOWNIK Z –ING: dzia∏ania przysz∏e o charakterze
d∏ugotrwa∏ym lub powtarzalnym
– We’ll be trying to get to them through wholesalers. (B´dziemy
próbowaç dotrzeç do nich przez hurtowników – nie na skutek
jednorazowej czynnoÊci, lecz przez jakieÊ d∏u˝sze dzia∏anie.)
Czasowniki seem oraz appear
Czasowniki seem i appear stosujemy, by uczyniç naszà wypowiedê mniej

kategorycznà. Mo˝emy ich u˝ywaç zarówno w konstrukcjach It seems
(that), It appears (that), jak i po podmiocie.
– It seems we’ve been losing money (Wyglàda na to,
˝e traciliÊmy pieniàdze...) – zamiast bardziej zdecydowanego:
We’ve been losing money.
– Our clients appear to complain about two things. (Wyglàda na
to, ˝e nasi klienci skar˝à si´ na dwie rzeczy) zamiast bardziej
stanowczego: Our clients complain about two things.
Przy opisywaniu wydarzeƒ z przesz∏oÊci, po seem i appear czasownik

ma form´ to have + Past Participle:
We lost the Polish market. + It appears that we lost the Polish
market.
ALE: We appear to have lost the German market.
(Wydaje si´, ˝e straciliÊmy rynek niemiecki.)
70
UNIT 11
Sales have increased. + It appears that sales have increased.

ALE: Sales appear to have increased. (Wydaje si´, ˝e sprzeda˝ wzros∏a.)
Rzeczowniki i czasowniki
Niektórych s∏ów (increase, forecast, plan, budget, import, export)

w j´zyku angielskim mo˝emy u˝ywaç w funkcji czasownika lub rzeczownika:
– We want to increase sales by 10%. (Chcemy zwi´kszyç
sprzeda˝ o 10%.);
– A 10% increase means that... (Dziesićioprocentowy wzrost
oznacza, ˝e...)
– It’s difficult to forecast the sales level. (Trudno jest
przewidzieç poziom sprzeda˝y.)
– The sales forecast must be very optimistic. (Przewidywany
[poziom] sprzeda˝y musi byç bardzo optymistyczny.)
– We’ll plan the detail of the campaign. (Zaplanujemy
szczegó∏y kampanii.)
– We forgot to make a contingency plan. (ZapomnieliÊmy
przygotowaç plan awaryjny.)
– It’s too late to budget for any additional expenses. (Jest ju˝ za
– The budget for advertising amounted to €10,000. (Bud˝et

póêno, by uwzgl´dniç w bud˝ecie dodatkowe wydatki.)
na reklam´ wyniós∏ 10 000 euro.)
S∏owa increase, import, export akcentujemy na drugà sylab´, jeÊli u˝ywamy

ich jako czasowniki (to increase, to import, to export), natomiast pokrewne
rzeczowniki majà akcent na pierwszej sylabie (an increase, import, export).
åwiczenia-
1. Dopasuj pytania do poni˝szego dialogu.
1. ................................................................................
We want to increase our market share to 15%.
2. ................................................................................
We’re expecting that TV adverts will help us boost sales.
Planning: Sunny Vale Inc.
3. ................................................................................
It seems that consumers didn’t like the packaging.
4. ................................................................................
We’ll redesign the packaging, of course.
5. ................................................................................
It begins next week.
a. What did the recent product survey say?

b. What is the long–term objective of this campaign?
c. And how are you going to use that information?
d. When does the campaign start?
e. How are we going to achieve that?
2. Wpisz w luki w zdaniach 1–5 odpowiednie s∏owa z ramki.
sales revenue to reach deadline objective

behind schedule went over budget estimated
1. I thought we would fall ..................., but in the end, we met

the ....................... .
2. Proximo’s marketing department ............ by £10,000 last year.
3. It is ................. that up to PLN 500,000 might be needed to
cover the necessary expenses.
4. Their long–term ............... is to increase .................. by 10%.
5. The manager is expecting ................. the sales target by May.
3. W poni˝szych zdaniach wybierz poprawnà form´ czasownika.
1. From now on, our team (is working / will be working / works)
day and night to meet the deadline.
2. The conference (begins / will be beginning / is beginning) at 10
a.m.
3. Have we run out of paper? OK, I (‘ll go / am going to go / go )
and buy some right away.
4. I (meet / am meeting / will meet) Mr Anderson at 7 o’clock tonight.
5. When (are we going to buy / will we be buying / will we buy)
new computers?
72
UNIT 11
4. Dokoƒcz poni˝sze zdania tak, by nie zmieniaç poczàtkowego znaczenia.
1. The accountant made a mistake.

The accountant seems ........................................... a mistake.
2. The sales figures are exaggerated.
The sales figures appear ..................................................... .
3. We’ll have to make new plans.
....................................... that we’ll have to make new plans.
4. Our main competitor apparently went bankrupt.
Our main competitor appears ............................................. .
5. We may have a problem finishing this project on time.
............................... there might be a problem with deadline.
5. Uzupe∏nij luki w poni˝szych zdaniach rzeczownikiem lub czasownikiem

w odpowiedniej formie.
1. We are predicting .......... of 15% by the end of the year. (increase)

2. Anatech .......... their products abroad since 1998. (export)
3. It is essential .......... the sales campaign in great detail. (plan)
4. The annual .......... for bonuses is smaller than last year. (budget)
5. The number of complaints seems .................. by 100% since
last month. (increase)
Guidelines for bureaucrats

Planowanie to tylko po∏owa sukcesu – druga po∏owa to podejmowanie
odpowiednich decyzji. Z tym mo˝e byç problem, zw∏aszcza gdy
osobà odpowiedzialnà jest biurokrata. Oto co radzi szefom–biurokratom
James H. Borden: When in charge, ponder. (Kiedy jesteÊ za coÊ
odpowiedzialny, rozmyÊlaj nad tym). When in trouble, delegate.
(Kiedy masz k∏opoty, wyznacz kogoÊ innego do wykonania pracy).
When in doubt, mumble. (Kiedy masz wàtpliwoÊci, mamrotaj).
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
/ It appears that 5. 1 an increase 2 has exported / has been exporting 3 to plan 4 budget 5 to have increased
4. 1 to have made 2 (to be) exaggerated 3 It seems / It appears 4 to have gone bankrupt 5 It seems
sales revenue 5 to reach 3. 1 will be working 2 begins 3 ‘ll go 4 am meeting 5 are we going to buy
1. 1 b 2 e 3 a 4 c 5 d 2. 1 behind schedule, deadline 2 went over budget 3 estimated 4 objective,
1. U∏ó˝ zdania z rozsypanych wyrazów.
1. our / valued / quality / are / products / for / highly / their

2. do / complete / three / to / project / should / this / months
3. just / points / summarize / let’s / main / the
4. consumers / for / their / prohibitive / are / prices / most
5. responsible / employee / customers / be / for / will / the / welcoming
6. made / have / appears / mistake / she / to / a
7. ours / Bowler’s / as / as / twice / expensive / machines / are
8. made / he / time / it’s / a / high / finally / decision
1. Our lamps are ................... 5. Our ........ group is housewives

the competition’s. aged between 30–60.
a. more cost–effective than a. aim b. goal
b. so cost–effective as c. objective d. target
c. as cost–effective like
d. most cost–effective than 6. ................ a new company,
they will have to spend a lot
2. ............ many companies, of money on promotion.
we organize regular trainings a. As b. Like
for our staff. c. Unlike d. Likely
a. Different b. Unlike
c. In comparison 7. Let’s ................ some
d. Otherwise alternative solutions.
a. considering
3. If you have any questions, b. consider
feel ........... to interrupt me. c. considered
a. easy b. comfortable d. be considerable with
c. free d. nothing
8. To compete in this market we
4. It’s high time we ............... must introduce a product in
the quality of our products. the lower ................. .
a. improved b. improve a. price scale b. price barrier
c. improving d. were improved c. price range d. price bracket
74
UNIT 12
9. How about ........ a new adver- 12. We are not dismissing any
tising campaign for ’Mea’? staff now, but we ........ have
a. launching b. launch to in the future.
c. to launch d. launched a. can b. must
c. should d. may
10. .......... me a favour and take
these documents to the CEO. 13. We ............. the prototype
a. Do b. Make on Wednesday at 4 p.m.
c. Produce d. Give a. are presenting
b. will present c. present
11. This contract can be ........ by d. will be presenting
either party giving to the other
one month’s written notice.
a. cut b. finished
c. terminated d. dissolved
3. Krzy˝ówka: 1
2
1. Non–financial 6. You aim at it.
3
benefits from 7. Marka.
a job. 8. Information 4
2. Make something printed in
better. a newspaper 5
3. Our objective promoting 6
is to ... sales a product. 7
by 10%. 9. Someone who
8
4. Towar. is paid too
5. Niezawodne. much is ...... . 9
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
increase, stock, reliable, target, brand, advert, overpaid)
2b 3c 4a 5d 6a 7b 8c 9a 10a 11c 12d 13a 3. Krzy˝ówka has∏o: sick leave (perks, improve,
Bowler’s machines are twice as expensive as ours. 8. It’s high time he finally made a decision. 2. 1a
employee will be responsible for welcoming customers. 6. She appears to have made a mistake. 7.
3. Let’s just summarize the main points. 4. Their prices are prohibitive for most consumers. 5. The
1. 1. Our products are highly valued for their quality. 2. Three months should do to complete this project.
13. An order: MCL
11 OPERATOR: – MCL Supplies, good morning. How can I help you?
MR ANDERS: – Hello, this is Peter Anders from Müller and Co.
Could you put me through to Mr Linden in Sales?
OPERATOR: – I’m just connecting you now.
MR LINDEN: – Good morning Mr Anders. How can I help?
MR ANDERS: – Oh, good morning. I’d like to place an order. I need
3 conference tables and 150 folded plastic chairs. The
reference numbers are OF3415 and OF1129.
MR LINDEN: – Certainly. What colours would you like?
MR ANDERS: – The tables in brown and the chairs in black, if
possible.
MR LINDEN: – Okay. Let’s see... three tables and one hundred and
fifty chairs. That’s... uhhmmm... £1830 altogether.
MR ANDERS: – Good. Could I have them delivered by Friday
afternoon?
MR LINDEN: – By Friday... Hmmm... I’ll check with the warehouse
how many units we have in stock at the moment.
Will you hold on for a minute?
MR ANDERS: – Yes, of course.
MR LINDEN: – Hello? Mr Anders, the warehouse manager said we
have everything. I told him to despatch the goods
right away. They should arrive on Thursday at the
latest.
MR ANDERS: – Oh, thank you. We really need them this weekend.
MR LINDEN: – No problem. Is there anything else I can do for you?
MR ANDERS: – No, thank you. That’d be all for now.
MR LINDEN: – Okay. Thanks for calling. Goodbye!
S∏ownictwo-
connecting you now – ju˝ ∏àcz´ reference number – numer
to place an order – z∏o˝yç katalogowy
zamówienie altogether – w sumie
folded – sk∏adane
76
UNIT 13
Could I have them delivered to despatch the goods – wys∏aç

by Friday? – Czy mog´ je towar
dostaç do piàtku? at the latest – najpóêniej
warehouse – magazyn Is there anything else I can do
unit – sztuka, jednostka for you? – Czy mog´ jeszcze
in stock – na stanie, coÊ dla pana zrobiç?
w magazynie That’d be all – To wszystko
Will you hold on? – Czy
zaczeka pan?

airway bill (AWB) – lotniczy list przewozowy
bill of lading (B/L) – list przewozowy morski, konosament
item – pozycja (na fakturze, zamówieniu); to replace faulty ~s
– wymieniç uszkodzone sztuki
insurance – ubezpieczenie
order – zamówienie; bulk ~ – zamówienie hurtowe; ~ form
– formularz zamówienia; outstanding ~ – zamówienie
oczekujàce na realizacj´, zaleg∏e; to cancel an ~ – anulowaç
zamówienie;
invoice – faktura; commercial ~ – faktura handlowa; customs ~
– faktura celna; pro–forma ~ – faktura proforma
SK¸ADANIE ZAMÓWIENIA:
Can I have your contact number, please? – Czy móg∏bym
poprosiç o numer kontaktowy?
Could I get the confirmation of this order by fax? – Czy
móg∏bym otrzymaç potwierdzenie tego zamówienia faksem?
Could you send us the catalogue, please? – Czy moglibyÊcie
wys∏aç nam katalog?
The delivery address is... – Adres dostawy to...
What is the price of...? – Jaka jest cena...?
When will the goods arrive? – Kiedy otrzymam towar?
Will I get a discount if I order 500 units? – Czy dostan´ rabat,
jeÊli zamówi´ 500 sztuk?
An order: MCL
Jak to dzia∏a?-
Czasowniki say oraz tell
Czasownika say u˝ywamy w znaczeniu „powiedzieç, ˝e...”, natomiast

tell – „powiedzieç komuÊ coÊ”.
The warehouse manager said we have everything.

(Kierownik magazynu powiedzia∏, ˝e mamy wszystko.)
I told him to despatch the goods right away.
(Powiedzia∏em mu, aby wys∏a∏ towar od razu.)
Konstrukcja have sth done
W j´zyku angielskim u˝ywamy konstrukcji have + rzeczownik

+ czasownik z –ed, aby zaznaczyç, ˝e jakaÊ czynnoÊç nie zostanie
wykonana przez nas osobiÊcie:
Could I have the goods delivered by Friday? (Czy towar

zostanie mi dostarczony do piàtku?)
Porównaj:
We’ll collect the cargo tomorrow. (Odbierzemy ∏adunek jutro
– osobiÊcie.)
We’ll have the cargo collected tomorrow. (Odbierzemy ∏adunek
jutro – nie osobiÊcie, wyÊlemy kogoÊ, by to zrobi∏ za nas.)
We are checking our new trade partner. (Sprawdzamy naszego

nowego kontrahenta – jest to dzia∏anie firmy.)
We are having our new trade partner checked. (Sprawdzamy
naszego nowego kontrahenta – wynaj´liÊmy do tego celu jakàÊ
innà firm´.)
78
UNIT 13
åwiczenia-
1. Dopasuj pytania a–e do zdaƒ 1–5, aby utworzyç sensowny dialog.
1. ............................................................................................
Yes, I’d like to place an order.
2. ............................................................................................
I’d need three air conditioning devices for office use.
3. ............................................................................................
It’s AC5000–B.
4. ............................................................................................
Next Friday would be best. I also need to have them installed.
5. ............................................................................................
Saturday’s fine. Thanks.
a. Fine. When would you like to have them delivered?

b. The technicians are free on Saturday. Is that ok with you?
c. Can I help you?
d. Certainly. What would you like?
e. Do you know the reference number?
2. Say czy tell? Wstaw jeden z tych czasowników w odpowiedniej formie.
1. Did you .............. you wanted the goods on Tuesday or

Thursday?
2. Have you .............. the warehouse manager to stop the order
for Riverside Cottage Ltd.? They haven’t paid the previous
invoice.
3. I .................... anyone about the details of this transaction.
It will remain our secret, don’t worry.
4. The Tradex’s salesperson ................ that we can get up to 10%
discount for bulk orders.
5. Are you .................. me that the spare parts won’t arrive by
Monday? But my customer ................. that he needs the
machine back urgently!
An order: MCL
3. Przekszta∏ç poni˝sze zdania, by znaczy∏y one, ˝e ktoÊ inny wykonuje

czynnoÊç.
1. I’ll sign the invoice tomorrow.

............................................................................................
2. We installed a surveillance system last month.

............................................................................................
3. We are fixing the problem with your order right now.

...........................................................................................
4. We will inspect the damage tomorrow.

............................................................................................
5. We will translate the contract next week.

............................................................................................
4. Wstaw w luki s∏owa lub frazy z ramki poni˝ej.
arrive in stock units cancel

faulty discount replace
1. Hello? I’m phoning to ............... my order. I do not need the

spare parts I ordered last week anymore.
2. The cargo will ............. on Monday at the latest.
3. I’d like to negotiate a higher ................ . Could I ask for 15%

off 500 ............ ?
4. I’m sorry to say that five out of one hundred electric fuses did
not work. Could you ............... the ................ items by next
week?
5. I’m afraid we currently don’t have any monochrome displays

.................... .
80
81 www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
1. 1 c 2 d 3 e 4 a 5 b 2. 1 say 2 told 3 won’t tell 4 said 5 telling, says / said
3. 1 I’ll have the invoice signed tomorrow. 2 We had a surveillance system installed last month.
3 We are having the problem with your order fixed right now. 4 We will have the damage inspected
tomorrow 5 We will have the contract translated next week. 4. 1 cancel 2 arrive 3 discount,
units 4 replace, faulty 5 in stock Order confirmation „Twoja p∏yta zosta∏a delikatnie zdj´ta z
naszej pó∏ki przy u˝yciu wysterylizowanych i wolnych od zanieczyszczeƒ r´kawiczek i u∏o˝ona na
at∏asowej poduszeczce. Nasz japoƒski specjalista od pakowania paczek zapali∏ Êwieczk´, a
nast´pnie nasi pracownicy pomaszerowali na poczt´, gdzie ca∏e miasto po˝egna∏o twojà
paczuszk´ machajàc i krzyczàc „Bon voyage!” w ten poniedzia∏ek, 18 lipca.
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
zobacz t∏umaczenie w kluczu).
package on this day, Monday, July 18th... (JeÊli nie rozumiesz,
post office where the entire town waved ‘Bon Voyage!’ to your
a candle and then the whole party marched down the street to the
placed onto a satin pillow. Our packing specialist from Japan lit
from our shelves with sterilized contamination–free gloves and
potwierdzenie e–mailem o treÊci: Your CD has been gently taken
indywidualnie ich traktuje. Po z∏o˝eniu zamówienia otrzymujemy
handlujàcych p∏ytami CD, chcàc pokazaç klientom, jak bardzo
Na doÊç oryginalny pomys∏ wpad∏a jedna z internetowych firm
Order confirmation
13 UNIT
14. A factory tour
12 Mr Powell is a supplier for APN, a cosmetics company.
He is visiting Mr Kenner, the company’s production director.
MR POWELL: Good afternoon, Mr Kenner. Nice to see you. Did you

have problems finding us?
MR KENNER: Oh, no – your directions were absolutely clear. It’s a
nice place here, by the way.
MR POWELL: Thank you. Shall we start the tour? The building is
much bigger than it looks, and I wouldn’t like to keep
you long. Please, follow me... This is the production
line. As you can see, almost everything is done
automatically.
MR KENNER: It does look impressive. I thought it takes many more
people to run a factory, and you’ve got just a handful of
workers here.
MR POWELL: Actually, Mr Kenner, most of them are highly qualified
specialists who operate our computerized factory
management system.
MR KENNER: Remarkable, indeed. And could you tell me more about
the production process itself?
MR POWELL: Certainly. First, we put raw materials into the tank
over there. Next, they are mixed, heated and...
MR KENNER: ... well the technology is quite sophisticated, I admit.
MR POWELL: It also gets us the best quality. Last year we
implemented the ISO standards.
MR KENNER: And is there also an R&D department in this building?
I’d like to see it, if I may?
MR POWELL: Yes, of course. There’s a lab on the top floor and that’s
where R&D develop our new products. Right now,
they’re working on a new line of colouring shampoos.
MR KENNER: Hmm... Interesting. Do you think you’d have something
to cover my grey hair?
82
UNIT 14
S∏ownictwo-
directions – wskazówki remarkable – godne podziwu
I wouldn’t like to keep you raw materials – surowce
long – Nie chcia∏bym pana tank – zbiornik
d∏ugo zatrzymywaç mixed – mieszane
follow me – prosz´ iÊç za mnà heated – podgrzewane
production line – linia sophisticated – wyrafinowana
produkcyjna to implement standards
impressive – imponujàce – wprowadzaç standardy
a handful of workers lab (laboratory) – laboratorium
– (dos∏.) garstka robotników to develop – rozwijaç
computerized colouring shampoos
– skomputeryzowany – szampony koloryzujàce
factory management system to cover – pokryç
– system zarzàdzania fabrykà

Can you tell me about the department organization? – Czy mo˝e
mi pan opowiedzieç o organizacji dzia∏u?
Could you put on this badge, please? – Czy móg∏by pan przypiàç
ten identyfikator?
How many employees work here altogether? – Ilu w sumie
pracowników jest tu zatrudnionych?
I can show you the conference room, if you want. – Mog´
pokazaç panu sal´ konferencyjnà.
Let’s go to the main entrance. – Chodêmy do g∏ównego wejÊcia.
This is where we test new products. – Tutaj testujemy nowe
produkty.
There are fifteen cubicles in the open–plan office.
– W otwartym pomieszczeniu biurowym jest pi´tnaÊcie boksów.
On the right / left, there are management offices. – Na prawo
/ lewo sà biura dyrekcji.
Would you like to talk to the marketing director? – Czy chcia∏by
pan porozmawiaç z dyrektorem marketingu?
A factory tour
Jak to dzia∏a?-
There oraz it na poczàtku zdania
THERE
w konstrukcji there is, there are („jest, znajduje si´”):
There’s a lab on the top floor. (Na najwy˝szym pi´trze jest
laboratorium.)
we frazach:
There’s no way managers can know everyone in the company.
(Mened˝erowie nie sà w stanie znaç wszystkich w firmie.)
There’s no point (in) complaining. (Nie ma sensu si´ skar˝yç.)
There seems to be a problem. (Wydaje si´, ˝e mamy problem.)
IT
przy wyra˝eniach bezosobowych:
It takes fifteen people to run the factory. (Potrzeba pi´tnastu
osób, by fabryka funkcjonowa∏a.)
It’s easy to make a mistake. (¸atwo pope∏niç b∏àd.)
It is said that money can buy anything. (Mówi si´, ˝e za
pieniàdze mo˝na kupiç wszystko.)
dla podkreÊlenia wa˝noÊci jakiejÊ informacji:
It is Martin who controls the finance. (To Martin kontroluje
finanse.)
It is here that we meet every Monday. (To w∏aÊnie tutaj
spotykamy si´ co poniedzia∏ek.)
Present Simple oraz Present Continuous
Czasu Present Simple u˝ywamy do wyra˝enia czynnoÊci sta∏ej lub rutynowej:

The R&D develop our new products. (Dzia∏ R&D opracowuje
nasze nowe produkty.)
Peter deals with promotion. (Peter zajmuje si´ promocjà.)
– jest to jego sta∏e zajćie w pracy
They assess their staff every month. (Oceniajà swoich
pracowników co miesiàc.)
84
UNIT 14
Przy pomocy Present Continuous wyra˝amy czynnoÊci dziejàce si´

w chwili obecnej lub sytuacje tymczasowe:
Right now, they’re working on a new line of shampoos.
(W tej chwili pracujà nad nowà linià szamponów.)
Jenny’s dealing with promotion. (Jenny zajmuje si´ promocjà.)
– jest to jej tymczasowe zajćie, np. zast´puje chorego pracownika
much, more, much more, many more
S∏ówka much mo˝emy u˝ywaç w znaczeniu „du˝o, bardziej” przed

przymiotnikami w stopniu wy˝szym:
The building is much bigger than it looks. (Budynek jest du˝o
wi´kszy ni˝ wyglàda.)
Production in Europe is much more expensive than in China.
(Produkcja w Europie jest du˝o dro˝sza ni˝ w Chinach.)
Samo s∏ówko more oznacza „wićej” i mo˝e byç poprzedzone przez much
lub many:
Could you tell me more about the production process? (Czy mo˝e
mi pan powiedzieç wićej o procesie produkcyjnym?)
It takes many more people to run a factory. (Potrzeba du˝o
wićej ludzi do pracy w fabryce.)
We have much more time. (Mamy du˝o wićej czasu.)
åwiczenia-
1. Uzupe∏nij luki w poni˝szym dialogu zwrotami a–g.
– OK, this is the reception hall. 1 ...... . It’s for security reasons.
– Sure. 2 .............
– 3 .......... to marketing and see their huge open–plan office.
– 4............
– 18 people altogether. They’re very well managed.
– 5 ........... the department organization?
– It’s not very complex. There are three teams, each headed by a
junior manager.
– I see... Sorry, 6 .............. behind this door?
– It’s the director’s office. 7 ............ him?
A factory tour
a. Would you like to talk to e. Let’s go

b. Can you tell me something about f. What’s
c. Where do we go first? g. Could you put on this
d. How many employees work there? badge, please?
2. Uzupe∏nij luki. Wstaw podane czasowniki w odpowiednim czasie.
1. Normally I ................. behind the reception desk, but now I

................. Beata while she’s on holiday. (not/sit, replace)
2. Corrido Ltd ................... about 90 people. (employ)
3. The company.................... any profit today, but I’m sure the
situation will get better next year. (not/make)
4. Katie ...................... because she didn’t get the report.
(complain)
5. As a rule, our financial director ......................... say what he
..................... about his subordinates. (not/say, think)
3. There czy it?
1. ............. are twenty offices in this building.

2. ..............is difficult to lead a team.
3. ..............is Mark who is responsible for supplies.
4. ..............is no way you can avoid taxes.
5. ............. is said that business is built on relationships.
4. Wybierz poprawnà odpowiedê w ka˝dym z poni˝szych zdaƒ.
1. The project will take (much / much more /many more) years
than initially planned.
2. Our new computer system is (more / much / much more) easier
to use than the previous one.
3. I hate preparing presentations because it always takes (more
/ many more / much) time.
4. Anna’s idea for the new website is (much more / many more
/ much) interesting than Mike’s.
5. Could I have some (much / more / much more) time to
complete this report, please?
86
UNIT 14
5. Uzupe∏nij poni˝szà prezentacj´ s∏owami z ramki. Czasowniki wpisz

w odpowiedniej formie.
check there (x2) it would you like more

listen let’s start in the back part answer
Ok, 1. .................. the tour, shall we? Behind the glass wall you
can see the call centre. 2. ................. are 100 people working in
25 cubicles. 3. ............. takes about two minutes on average to
handle one phone call, and the consultants 4. ................. from
150 to 200 calls a day. At busy times, like the summer holiday
season, this is not enough, and then we hire some 5. ...............
staff, but only temporarily. The person 6. ............. of the room is
the supervisor. He 7. ................ to something in the earphones at
the moment – probably he 8. .............. the quality of service and
monitoring random conversations. Of course, with 100 consultants
9. ............ is no way the supervisor can control everybody. Yes,
that’s basically how the call centre works. Oh, 10. ..............
to listen to a sample phone call, perhaps?
Call centres
Call centres i firmy telemarketingowe majà ciekawy, lecz irytujàcy
dla klientów sposób pracy. Operatorzy pos∏ugujà si´ specjalnie
u∏o˝onymi scripts („skryptami”), czyli szczegó∏owymi instrukcjami,
co w którym momencie majà powiedzieç. W Internecie mo˝na
znaleêç specjalne telemarketer counterscripts („skrypty antytele-
marketingowe”), czyli narz´dzia s∏u˝àce do walki z konsultantami
wydzwaniajàcymi o najmniej odpowiedniej porze. W ramach retaliation
(„odwetu”) mo˝emy zadawaç im mnóstwo dziwnych pytaƒ ze
skryptu, np. o ulubionà gum´ do ˝ucia. A˝ stracà cierpliwoÊç :–)
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
more 6 in the back part 7 is listening 8 is checking 9 there 10 would you like
2 much easier 3 much 4 much more 5 more 5. 1 let’s start 2 There 3 It 4 answer 5
4 is complaining 5 doesn’t say, thinks 3. 1 There 2 It 3 It 4 There 5 It 4. 1 many more
1. 1 g 2 c 3 e 4 d 5 b 6 f 7 a 2. 1. don’t sit, am replacing 2 employs 3 is not making
15. Small talk: Berlin?
That’s interesting.
13 Jan and Jeff are standing by the coffee machine, waiting for the
next part of a training session they are both attending.
JAN: Phew, exhausting, isn’t it?

JEFF: Yeah, the room’s very stuffy. But at least the training is
interesting. Oh, can I also have a coffee, please?
JAN: Sure, help yourself. Yeah, the training is very useful. I’m
working in Berlin at the moment and I need to learn as much
as possible about German company law.
JEFF: Berlin? That’s interesting. Have you been there long?
JAN: Not very. I only arrived last month. I’m from Poland originally.
JEFF: I’m from the UK. By the way, my name’s Jeff.
JAN: And I’m Jan. Nice to meet you, Jeff.
JEFF: You too, Jan. Nice English. So, how do you like Berlin?
JAN: It’s a bit overwhelming. I mean, there is something about the
city that makes me feel uneasy. And it’s big too. I still don’t
really know how to get around.
JEFF: Hmm, I was asking because I’m also planning to work there.
JAN: It’s an excellent place to do business all right. People are very
well organized, you know, with their typical German attention
to details.
JEFF: So I’ve heard... Do you get along well with the Germans?
JAN: I think so. I have the same sense of humour as my German
boss. We also like the same football teams.
JEFF: Well, you need to be careful about those. I know one deadly
serious German manager who is a die–hard supporter of
Bayern Munich. It’s better not to get in his way if you happen
to follow Borussia or whatever else they have there.
JAN: Huh... I think the break’s over. We’d better get back to the
room. Look, would you like to meet up tonight? We could talk
about Berlin over a glass of beer. What do you think?
JEFF: Great idea! Let’s find something cosy in the city...
88
UNIT 15
S∏ownictwo-
exhausting – wyczerpujàce So I’ve heard – Te˝ to s∏ysza∏em
stuffy (pot.) – duszny sense of humour – poczucie
help yourself – prosz´ si´ humoru
pocz´stowaç deadly serious – Êmiertelnie
company law – prawo spó∏ek powa˝ny
Have you been there long? die–hard supporter
– Czy jest pan tam ju˝ od – fanatyczny zwolennik
dawna? to get in sb’s way – wejÊç komuÊ
overwhelming – przyt∏aczajàcy w drog´
makes me feel uneasy – sprawia, whatever else they have there
˝e czuj´ si´ nieswojo – cokolwiek innego oni tam
how to get around – jak si´ majà
poruszaç (po mieÊcie) to meet up – (pot.) spotkaç si´
all right – tutaj: bez wàtpienia to talk over a glass of beer
attention to details – troska – pogadaç przy piwie
o szczegó∏y cosy – kameralny, przytulny

Are you here on business? – Czy jest pan tutaj s∏u˝bowo?
Did you know that...? – Czy wiedzia∏ pan, ˝e...?
Do you have any plans for the evening? – Czy ma pan jakieÊ
plany na wieczór?
Excuse me, but I think somebody’s calling me on my mobile.
– Przepraszam, ktoÊ chyba do mnie dzwoni na komórk´.
Have a good trip home! – Szcz´Êliwej podró˝y!
Have you heard that...? – Czy s∏ysza∏ pan, ˝e...?
I can’t believe it! – Nie do wiary!
It’s very kind of you, but I’m afraid... – To bardzo mi∏o z pana
strony, ale obawiam si´, ˝e...
Let’s / We’ll keep in touch. – Bàdêmy / B´dziemy w kontakcie.
Oh, I’m sorry to hear that. – Przykro mi to s∏yszeç.
Really? That’s interesting! – Doprawdy? To interesujàce!
What do you think about ...? – Co sàdzi pan o...?
Would you mind if I asked you a question? – Czy móg∏bym si´
o coÊ zapytaç?
Small talk: Berlin? That’s interesting.
Jak to dzia∏a?-
Rozmowa towarzyska
PODRÓ˚E
What is your favourite holiday destination? (Gdzie
najch´tniej jeêdzi pan na wakacje?)
Do you prefer to travel alone or in a group? (Woli pan
podró˝owaç sam czy w grupie?)
I like places which are off the beaten track. (Lubi´
„nieturystyczne” miejsca.)
JEDZENIE
What would you recommend? (Co by mi pan poleci∏?)
I’d like to try something local. (Chcia∏bym spróbowaç czegoÊ
regionalnego).
Do you think I could get a recipe for this somewhere?
(Czy myÊli pan, ˝e móg∏bym jakoÊ zdobyç na to przepis?)
BIZNES
What company do you work for? (Dla jakiej firmy pan
pracuje?)
What line of business are you in? (Czym si´ pan zajmuje?)
What’s it like doing business in Russia/with the Russians?
(Jak to jest robiç interesy w Rosji / z Rosjanami?)
SPORT
What are the main football clubs in...? (Jakie sà
najwa˝niejsze kluby pi∏karskie w...?)
I’m learning to play tennis/golf... (Ucz´ si´ graç w tenisa
/ golfa...)
Have you tried scuba–diving? (Czy próbowa∏ pan
nurkowania?)
MUZYKA I FILM
What do you think about Spielberg’s latest movie?
(Co pan sàdzi o ostatnim filmie Spielberga?)
90
UNIT 15
Have you seen ’The Hours’? (Czy widzia∏ pan „Godziny”?)

What kind of music do you listen to? (Jakiej muzyki pan
s∏ucha?)
POGODA
It’s so hot, isn’t it? (Goràco, prawda?)
Does it always rain like that here? (Czy tu zawsze tak pada?)
What’s the weather like in New York? (Jakà pogod´ macie
w Nowym Jorku?)
Czasowniki can, could
Czasowników can i could u˝ywamy m.in. przy wyra˝aniu proÊby.

Could jest bardziej uprzejmà formà can:
Can I also have a coffee? (Czy ja te˝ mog´ poprosiç o kaw´?)
Could you help me with my PC? (Czy móg∏by mi pan pomóc
z moim komputerem?)
Can u˝ywamy tak˝e, by opisaç, co umiemy robiç lub co mo˝e si´

wydarzyç, zaÊ could by „pogdybaç” na jakiÊ temat:
I can type very fast. (Potrafi´ bardzo szybko pisaç na
klawiaturze.)
The flight can be delayed. (Lot mo˝e byç opóêniony.)
We could talk about Berlin over a glass of beer. (MoglibyÊmy
porozmawiaç o Berlinie przy piwie.)
He could be Swiss. (Kto wie, byç mo˝e on jest Szwajcarem.)
Czasownik get
Czasownik get jest jednym z najcz´Êciej wyst´pujàcych s∏ów w j´zyku

angielskim, zarówno samodzielnie, a tak˝e jako czasownik z∏o˝ony:
Did you get my message? (Czy dosta∏eÊ mojà wiadomoÊç?)
It’s better not to get in his way. (Lepiej nie wchodziç mu
w drog´.)
I don’t get it. (Nie rozumiem.)

Let’s get to the point! (Przejdêmy do rzeczy.)
I still don’t know how to get around. (Ciàgle nie wiem, jak si´
poruszaç po mieÊcie.)
Do you get along well with the Germans? (Czy ma pan dobry
kontakt z Niemcami?)
What time do we get in? (O której przyje˝d˝amy?)
Let’s get on to the next item on the agenda. (Przejdêmy do
kolejnego punktu programu.)
It is a difficult message to get across to the management.
(T´ wiadomoÊç trudno uzmys∏owiç kierownictwu.)
I’ll get back to you asap. (Odpowiem panu najszybciej jak to
mo˝liwe.)
åwiczenia-
1. U∏ó˝ zdania tak, by powsta∏y dwa sensowne dialogi.
Dialog 1
...1... a. Hi, Monica. How are you doing?
........ b. Not at all.
........ c. If you’d be so kind. Why don’t you see to the catering
while I’ll print the conference materials?
........ d. Really? Why so?
........ e. Don’t ask. All our reps are coming for a meeting this
week and I have to organize everything.
........ f. OK. There’s an excellent catering company in the city
centre. I think I’ll call them.
........ g. Oh, hi Josh. I’m exhausted.
........ h. Yeah, that is quite time–consuming . Look, maybe I
could be of some help?
........ i. Thanks a lot, Josh.
92
UNIT 15
Dialog 2
...1... a. Sorry, do you mind if I smoke here?
........ b. Italy. You know, they introduced this ban recently.
........ c. At first, the smokers were protesting. Me too, but now I
got used to it.
........ d. Oh sure, that too. I meant that where I live, it’s not
permitted to smoke in restaurants.
........ e. While you can? You mean, you shouldn’t smoke?
........ f. Well, let’s enjoy our cigarettes, then.

........ g. Where are you from, if I may ask?
........ h. Go ahead, I’m a smoker myself. Actually, I’ll have
another one with you while I still can.
........ i. And how are the people reacting?
2. Wybierz odpwiedni komentarz a–e do ka˝dej z wypowiedzi 1–5.
1. Here’s my business card. Call me whenever you need.

2. They’re going to paint the front of the building pink. How ugly!
3. Have you heard? They’re going to fire almost everybody in the
department!
4. Steve, I’ve just been promoted!
5. I’m lying sick in bed all day. It’s the flu, it’s terrible.
a. Excellent! My congratulations!
b. I’m very sorry to hear that. Get well soon!
c. What?! I can’t believe it!
d. Sure. We’ll keep in touch.
e. I don’t mind really. It’ll look better than now, I think.
3. Dopasuj pytania 1–5 do odpowiedzi a–e.
1. What line of business are you in?

2. Are you doing anything in the evening?
3. What would you recommend?
4. What kind of music do you like?

5. How do you like living in the city centre?
a. Actually, I’m free after six.

b. For me it’s a bit too crowded. But some people like it.
c. Try bigos! It’s a traditional Polish dish.
d. I have a small HR consultancy.
e. I really enjoy instrumental pieces. They’re very relaxing.
4. Uporzàdkuj wyrazy oraz dodaj can lub could tak, aby powsta∏y logiczne
zdania.
1. ..........................................................................................?
(speak / to Mr Jones / I / please)
2. ...........................................................................................?
(have / we / by the window / two tables / please)
3. ...........................................................................................?
(help / with the report / me / you)
4. .......................................................................................... .
(we / the price / negotiate / later)
5. .......................................................................................... .
(art exhibition / if you want / to see the new / go / we)
5. Wpisz w luki poni˝ej wyra˝enia z ramki.
gets along get in her way gets in

get on to don’t get it
1. Frankly speaking, I ................... . It’s a total mystery for me.
2. I don’t think the new manager .................. with the staff.
94
UNIT 15
3. OK. Let’s leave it like that and ................... the question of

security.
4. Emily is very angry today and I would rather not

....................... .
5. The train .................. at 5:30 p.m. That’s according to the

schedule, at least.
Making small talk

Umiej´tnoÊç prowadzenia rozmowy podczas obiadu, przerwy
w konferencji lub podczas targów jest wa˝na z biznesowego
punktu widzenia. Bardzo du˝o istotnych spraw omawia si´
podczas luênych spotkaƒ, a kilka zdaƒ, na tematy takie jak
podró˝owanie czy kuchnia, pomaga prze∏amaç lody. Susan RoAne,
amerykaƒska ekspertka od komunikacji, radzi, by stosowaç si´ do
zasady: Be bright. Be brief. Be gone. („Bàdê bystry, mów zwi´êle
i po˝egnaj si´.”)
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
5. 1 don’t get it 2 gets along 3 get on to 4 get in her way 5 gets in
4 We can negotiate the price later. 5. We can go to see the new art exhibition, if you want.
/ could we have two tables by the window, please? 3 Can / could you help me with this report?
2. 1d 2e 3c 4a 5b 3. 1d 2a 3c 4e 5b 4. 1 Can/could I speak to Mr Jones, please? 2 Can
1. Dialog 1: 1a 2g 3d 4 e 5h 6 c 7f 8i 9b Dialog 2: 1a 2h 3e 4d 5g 6b 7i 8c 9 f
16. Bookings and arrangements:
Lake Hotel
14 RECEPTIONIST: Lake Hotel, good morning. Can I help you?
MRS NOWAK: Yes, I’d like to make a reservation.
RECEPTIONIST: Certainly. When are you planning to come?
MRS NOWAK: Oh, it’s not for me, it’s for my manager. He’s
attending a conference on the 13th.
RECEPTIONIST: Sorry, did you say ’13th’ or ’14th’?
MRS NOWAK: It’s the 13th, Monday.
RECEPTIONIST: Monday the 13th... Yes, we still have some
vacancies. Do you want a single room?
MRS NOWAK: A single room for two nights, please. How much is
it?
RECEPTIONIST: The rate’s £80 per night. Breakfast is included in the
price and the room is with an en–suite bathroom.
MRS NOWAK: That’s just perfect. I’ll take it.
RECEPTIONIST: Thank you. Could I just have the guest’s name,
please?
MRS NOWAK: It’s Mr Stefan Koszycki.
RECEPTIONIST: Excuse me, could you spell that name, please?
MRS NOWAK: S–T–E–F–A–N Stefan, and K–O–S–Z–Y–C–K–I,
Koszycki.
RECEPTIONIST: Let me read that back. Mr Stefan Koszycki, arriving
on Monday the 13th, a double room for one night...
MRS NOWAK: A single room for two nights.
RECEPTIONIST: Of course, I’m sorry. A single room for two nights.
Yes, I’ve got it. Now, how would you like to pay?
MRS NOWAK: Is it possible to pay by credit card?
RECEPTIONIST: That’s absolutely fine. What time is Mr Koszycki
arriving?
MRS NOWAK: About 5 p.m. When is the check–out, by the way?
RECEPTIONIST: We ask guests to leave the room by 10 a.m.
MRS NOWAK: OK. Is that everything?
RECEPTIONIST: Yes, that’s all. Thank you.
96
UNIT 16
S∏ownictwo-
to attend a conference – braç to spell – przeliterowaç
udzia∏ w konferencji Let me read that back
rate – stawka – Pozwoli pan, ˝e powtórz´
vacancies – wolne miejsca double room – pokój dla dwóch
included in price – w cenie osób
single room – pokój I got it – zapisa∏em
jednoosobowy When is the check–out?
room with an en–suite – Do kiedy nale˝y si´
bathroom – pokój z ∏azienkà wymeldowaç?
Could I have the guest’s name?
– Poprosz´ o nazwisko goÊcia
W HOTELU I W PODRÓ˚Y:
Could I have a wake–up call at 7 a.m., please? – Chcia∏bym
zamówiç budzenie na godzin´ 7 rano.
Could I have the bill / the receipt / an invoice? – Poprosz´
o rachunek / paragon / faktur´.
Do you need help with your luggage? – Czy pomóc panu z baga˝em?
I’d like to confirm my flight. – Chcia∏bym potwierdziç lot.
The flight is on time / delayed / cancelled. – Lot jest zgodnie
z rozk∏adem / opóêniony / odwo∏any.
There’s a problem with the shower. – Mam problem z prysznicem.
What is the best way to get to...? – Jak najlepiej dostaç si´ do...?
Where can I exchange money? – Gdzie mog´ wymieniç pieniàdze?
Which car rental company do you recommend? – Którà
wypo˝yczalni´ samochodów pan poleca?
check–in – zameldowanie (w hotelu); odprawa (na lotnisku)
departure lounge – sala odlotów
direct / connecting flight – lot bezpoÊredni / z przesiadkà
maid – pokojówka
porter – baga˝owy
registration form – formularz meldunkowy
Bookings and arrangements: Lake Hotel
Jak to dzia∏a?-
Rozmowa przez telefon
ROZPOCZYNAMY I KO¡CZYMY ROZMOW¢

– This is... from... (Mówi... z firmy...)
– I’m phoning about / to... (Dzwoni´ w sprawie / aby...)
– Thank you very much. I think that’s everything. (Dzi´kuj´
bardzo. To ju˝ chyba wszystko.)
– Who’s calling, please? (Przepraszam, kto mówi?)
PROSIMY O PO¸ÑCZENIE
– I’d like to speak to... (Chcia∏bym rozmawiaç z...)
– Could you put me through to...? (Prosz´ mnie po∏àczyç z...)
– Can I have extension ..., please? (Poprosz´ numer
wewn´trzny...)
– Will you hold, please? (Prosz´ zaczekaç.)
PROSIMY O POWTÓRZENIE
– Could you repeat that? (Czy mo˝e pan powtórzyç?)
– Can I read that back to you? (Czy mog´ to panu powtórzyç?)
– Sorry, did you say...? (Przepraszam, czy powiedzia∏ pan:...?)
UMAWIAMY SI¢ NA SPOTKANIE
– I’d like to make an appointment with... (Chcia∏bym umówiç
si´ na spotkanie z...)
– I’m afraid I can’t make it on Monday / at 2 p.m.
(Obawiam si´, ˝e nie dam rady w poniedzia∏ek / o czternastej.)
– Thursday is fine for me. (Czwartek mi pasuje.)
PROSIMY O KONTAKT
– Could I leave a message? (Czy mog´ zostawiç wiadomoÊç?)
– Could you ask him to call me back? (Czy mo˝e go pani
poprosiç, ˝eby oddzwoni∏?)
INNE ZWROTY
– I think you have the wrong number. (To chyba pomy∏ka.)
– The number you are dialling is incorrect. (Wybrany numer
jest nieprawid∏owy.)
98
UNIT 16
Zadawanie pytaƒ
Odpowiednikiem polskiego s∏owa czy w pytaniach jest zazwyczaj czasownik

posi∏kowy: do, does, did, have, has. am, is, are lub czasownik modalny:
Do you want a single room? (Czy chce pani pokój
jednoosobowy?)
Did you say ’13th’? (Czy powiedzia∏a pani „trzynasty”?)
Have you finished? (Czy ju˝ skoƒczy∏eÊ?)
Is it possible to pay by credit card? (Czy mo˝na p∏aciç kartà?)
Was Mr Jones present? (Czy pan Jones by∏ obecny?)
Will you hold, please? (Czy mo˝e pan zaczekaç?)
Can I help you? (Czy mo˝e pan zaczekaç?)
Pytania szczegó∏owe tworzymy dodajàc odpowiedni wyraz lub zwrot na

poczàtku zdania:
When is the check–out? (Kiedy nale˝y si´ wymeldowaç?)
How would you like to pay? (Jak b´dzie pan p∏aciç?)
What time is Mr Koszycki arriving? (O której godzinie
przyje˝d˝a pan Koszycki?)
Where? – gdzie? Who? – kto? Which? – który?

Why? – dlaczego? What? – co? How much/many? – ile?
Bycie uprzejmym po angielsku
Jak widzieliÊmy w poprzedniej lekcji, s∏owo could wyra˝a bardziej

uprzejmà proÊb´ ni˝ can. Cz´sto stosujemy te˝ s∏owa please, excuse me
oraz sorry:
Sorry, could you spell that, please? (Przepraszam, czy móg∏by
pan to przeliterowaç?)
Do dobrego tonu nale˝y „∏agodzenie” zdaƒ specjalnymi wyra˝eniami

grzecznoÊciowymi:
I’m afraid the hotel’s full. (Obawiam si´, ˝e hotel jest pe∏ny.)
Unfortunately he’s not in the office. (Niestety, nie ma go w biurze.)
I’m sorry to say I don’t see any solution. (Przykro mi to

mówiç, ale nie widz´ ˝adnego rozwiàzania.)
Do you mind if I smoke? (Czy pozwoli mi pan zapaliç?)
I don’t quite see the point. (Niezupe∏nie rozumiem, o co
chodzi.)
åwiczenia-
1. Uporzàdkuj wypowiedzi tak, by powsta∏y dwa sensowne dialogi.
Dialog 1
...... a. Good morning. I’m afraid Mr White is not in the office
at the moment.
...... b. This is Geoff Goldcrest from Lefrec & Partners.
...... c. I see. Could you ask him to call me back?
...... d. Sorry, who’s calling, please?
..1.. e. Good morning, I’d like to speak to Mr White.
...... f. Of course. I’ll tell him as soon as he returns.
Dialog 2
....... g. Yes, I’d like to book a single room.
....... h. H–U–X–L–E–Y. Can you read that back, please?
....... i. Certainly. When are you planning to arrive?
...1.. j. Star Hotel Warsaw, can I help you?
....... k. My name’s Martin Huxley.
....... l. You’re welcome. Goodbye!
....... m. Sorry, how do you spell that?
....... n. I’ll be in Warsaw on 28th.
....... o. That’s Friday... OK. Can I have your name, please?
....... p. Mr Martin Huxley, arriving Friday 28th, single room for
one night.
....... q. That’s right. Thanks a lot.
100
UNIT 16
2. Uzupe∏nij zdania wyra˝eniami z ramki. Nast´pnie u∏ó˝ je w kolejnoÊci tak,

by powsta∏ sensowny dialog.
I’m phoning Can I have Did you say

Can I help you? It’s the 13th. Could you give
My confirmation number Thank you for calling
1. It’s BT 3134 from London to Istanbul, departing on the 13th

May.
2. Yes, a. .......................... to change my reservation.
3. MCB Airlines, b. ......................... ?
4. No, c. ....................... . Could you change it to the 20th?
5. Sorry, d. ......................... 14th?
6. No problem, there are still free seats on the 20th.
e. ....................... me your name and booking number?
7. Of course. f. ...................... your flight number, please?
8. Peter Johnson, and g. ........................ is AE–19231.
9. OK, Mr Johnson. Your reservation has been changed..
h. ............................... .
10. Thank you, goodbye!
KolejnoÊç: 4. ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .....
3. Po∏àcz wyra˝enia 1–5 i a–e tak, by powsta∏y sensowne zdania.
1. No, I think you have

2. I’d like to make
3. Could you ask
4. I’d like
5. I’m sorry, I can’t make
a. a wake–up call at 7 o’clock, please.

b. the wrong number.
c. it on Monday.
d. an appointment with Dr Herbst.
e. him to call me back?
4. U∏ó˝ zdania pytajàce. Zapytaj o podkreÊlone s∏owo lub fraz´. Nie zmieniaj
czasu gramatycznego.
1. I stayed in the Ritz hotel last year.

......................................................................................... ?
2. I want some coffee or tea.

......................................................................................... ?
3. We’ve sold five thousand computers so far.

......................................................................................... ?
4. I’m going to pay by credit card.

......................................................................................... ?
5. We’ll sign the documents next week.

......................................................................................... ?
6. He should dress smartly for the meeting.

......................................................................................... ?
5. Przepisz poni˝sze zdania tak, by brzmia∏y bardziej uprzejmie.

Wykorzystaj po jednym wyra˝eniu z ramki.
quite Would you mind if unfortunately

Sorry, could you I’m sorry to seay
1. We don’t deliver to anywhere outside Poland.

.......................................................................................... .
2. I don’t understand this suggestion.

.......................................................................................... .
3. I want to open the window.

.......................................................................................... .
102
1. Dialog 1: 1e 2a 3c 4d 5b 6f Dialog 2: 1j 2g 3i 4n 5o 6k 7m 8h 9p 10q 11l
2. a I’m phoning b Can I help you? c It’s the 13th d did you say e Could you give f Can I
have g my confirmation number h Thank you for calling KolejnoÊç: 4 2 1 6 5 7 3 8 9 10
3. 1b 2d 3e 4a 5c 4. 1 Where did you stay last year? 2 What do you want? 3 How many
computers have you sold? 4 How are you going to pay? 5 When will you sign the documents?
6 Should he dress smartly? 5. (propozycje): 1. I’m afraid / Unfortunately we don’t deliver...
2 I’m afraid I don’t (quite) understand... 3 Would you mind if I open the window? 4 I’m sorry to
say / Unfortunately / I’m afraid that we have to... 5. Sorry, could you repeat
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
thousand and six.
natomiast w Stanach Zjednoczonych – September seventh two
the ninth of July two thousand and six w Wielkiej Brytanii,
ró˝ne konwencje zapisywania daty. Zapis 09/07/06 oznacza
lub January fourteenth w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Istniejà te˝
January), lecz czyta the fourteenth of January w Wielkiej Brytanii,
W j´zyku angielskim daty zapisuje si´ 14th January (lub 14
Dates
.......................................................................................... .
5. What did you say?
.......................................................................................... .
4. We have to terminate our contract with you.
16 UNIT
17. Negotiations: If I buy...
15 CoolTech is a Polish retailer of air conditioning and cooling devices.
Jakub Nowak, the company’s purchasing officer, is negotiating a
large order with Kathleen Smith from Alpha, their Canadian
supplier.
JAKUB: We’d like to buy TL–15X air conditioners. Could I just

check what the current price is?
KATHLEEN: Sure. The net price is $540 per unit. We’ll give you a
10% discount if you buy more than 50 units.
JAKUB: Would you consider a further 5% off for an order of
120?
KATHLEEN: Hmm... that could be difficult for us. But we can offer
you our regular 10% discount for the first 100 units,
then 15% on each unit over that amount.
JAKUB: Sounds acceptable. We’ll take 120 then. They’re for a
new office building in Warsaw.
KATHLEEN: A new contract? Congratulations! Now, you’re going to
pay by bank transfer as usual, I understand?
JAKUB: Yes, but since CoolTech has been trading with you for
some time already, I was wondering if I could ask you
to extend the payment date to 60 days?
KATHLEEN: Uhh... I’m afraid I cannot give you a definite answer
now. Could we put it off until I’m able to consult
my boss?
JAKUB: Of course. One more question – when can we have the
devices delivered?
KATHLEEN: It’ll take about 30 days by sea to Poland. Unless it’s
urgent, then we’ll send the consignment by air. It’s far
more expensive, though.
JAKUB: No, 30 days is just fine. Could you just send us the
pro–forma invoice with prices CIF Gdaƒsk?
KATHLEEN: OK. I’ll do it tomorrow. And I’ll get back to you as soon
as I know about payment terms...
104
UNIT 17
S∏ownictwo-
air conditioning – klimatyzacja definite answer – ostateczna
purchasing officer odpowiedê
– zaopatrzeniowiec to put sth off – od∏o˝yç coÊ na
supplier – dostawca póêniej
net price – cena netto to deliver – dostarczyç
discount – rabat, zni˝ka urgent – pilne
further 5% off – dodatkowy consignment – przesy∏ka
5–procentowy rabat prices CIF (Cost, Insurance
bank transfer – przelew and Freight) Gdaƒsk
bankowy – ceny z ubezpieczeniem
to trade with sb – handlowaç i transportem do Gdaƒska
z kimÊ
to extend the payment date
– przed∏u˝yç termin p∏atnoÊci
PAYMENT AND PRICE (P∏atnoÊci i cena):

cash on delivery – zap∏ata gotówkà przy odbiorze
cheque – czek
customs clearance – odprawa celna
deal (pot.) – umowa; It’s a ~! – Stoi!; It’s a very good ~ – To bardzo
dobry interes
estimate – szacunkowa wartoÊç; to work out an ~ – obliczyç
szacunkowà wartoÊç; under~d – niedoszacowany
L/C (Letter of Credit) – akredytywa
proposal – propozycja, oferta; to put forward a ~ – przedstawiç
propozycj´; to accept a ~ – zaakceptowaç propozycj´; to reject
a ~ – odrzuciç propozycj´
quote – wycena
payment terms – warunki p∏atnoÊci; favourable ~ – korzystne
warunki p∏atnoÊci
warranty – gwarancja
N e g o t i a t i o n s : I f I b u y. . .
Jak to dzia∏a?-
Negocjacje
PRZEDSTAWIANIE ZAMIARÓW
– We’d like to buy TL–15X air conditioners. (ChcielibyÊmy
kupiç klimatyzatory TL–15X.)
– We are interested in getting the delivery as soon as
possible. (JesteÊmy zainteresowani jak najszybszà dostawà.)
SK¸ADANIE PROPOZYCJI I PERTRAKTOWANIE

– We’ll give you a 10% discount if you buy more than 50
units. (Zaoferujemy 10% rabatu za zakupy powy˝ej 50 sztuk.)
– We could consider further discounts on the condition that
you place regular orders. (MoglibyÊmy rozwa˝yç dalsze
rabaty, pod warunkiem sk∏adania regularnych zamówieƒ.)
– How about paying us half on delivery and half in 30
days? (Proponujemy zap∏at´ po∏owy kwoty przy dostawie,
a po∏owy w ciàgu 30 dni.)
– I was wondering if I could ask you to extend the payment
date. (Zastanawia∏em si´, czy mo˝liwy jest d∏u˝szy termin p∏atnoÊci.)
PRZYJMOWANIE I ODRZUCANIE PROPOZYCJI

– Sounds acceptable. (Tak, to do zaakceptowania.)
– I think we can agree to that. (MyÊl´, ˝e mo˝emy si´ na to
zgodziç.)
– 30 days is just fine. (30 dni jest jak najbardziej w porzàdku.)
– That could be difficult for us. (To mo˝e byç dla nas trudne.)
– Unfortunately, our policy is quite strict here. (Niestety,
nasze zasady sà tutaj doÊç rygorystyczne.)
ODK¸ADANIE TRUDNEJ KWESTII NA PÓèNIEJ

– I’m afraid I can’t give you a definite answer now.
(Obawiam si´, ˝e nie mog´ daç w tej chwili jednoznaczej
odpowiedzi.)
– I’d like some time to consult it with my boss. (Potrzebuj´
troch´ czasu, by omówiç to z szefem.)
106
UNIT 17
PODSUMOWANIE NEGOCJACJI
– Let’s summarize the main points. (Podsumujmy g∏ówne
ustalenia.)
– That covers everything, I suppose. (Ju˝ chyba wszystko
omówione.)
– It’s a deal! (Umowa stoi!)
Pierwszy tryb warunkowy
W negocjacjach u˝ywamy zdaƒ warunkowych z czasem Simple Present

(do wyra˝enia warunku) oraz konstrukcjà will + bezokolicznik
(do wyra˝enia rezultatu):
– If you pay in advance, we will give you a discount. (JeÊli
zap∏acicie z góry, udzielimy wam rabatu.)
– We’ll give you a 10% discount if you buy more than 50
units. (Udzielimy wam 10% rabatu, jeÊli kupicie powy˝ej
50 sztuk.)
Warunek mo˝e byç wyra˝ony równie˝ zwrotami takimi jak as long as,
provided that, on the condition that, unless, po których tak˝e wyst´puje
czas Simple Present:
– We’ll pay for the delivery as long as / provided that / on
the condition that you agree to pay for the insurance.
(Zap∏acimy za dostaw´ pod warunkiem, ˝e zgodzicie si´
zap∏aciç za ubezpieczenie.)
– We will cancel our order unless the goods arrive within 10
days. (Odwo∏amy nasze zamówienie, jeÊli nie otrzymamy
towaru w ciàgu 10 dni.)
Czas Simple Present stosujemy równie˝ po after („po”), as soon as

(„jak tylko”), before („przed”), until („dopóki”), when („kiedy”)
odnoszàcych si´ do przysz∏oÊci;
Could we put it off until I’m able to consult my superiors? (Czy

mo˝emy to od∏o˝yç, dopóki nie omówi´ tego z szefami?)
I’ll get back to you as soon as I know about payment terms.
(Odezw´ si´, jak tylko dowiem si´ o warunki p∏atnoÊci.)
Czasownik put
Czasownik put ma wiele znaczeƒ w zale˝noÊci od tego, z jakim

przyimkiem lub frazà si´ ∏àczy:
Let’s put it off. (Od∏ó˝my to na póêniej.)
I’d like to put forward a suggestion. (Chcia∏bym przedstawiç
propozycj´.)
We put it down to their inexperience. (Przypisujemy to ich
brakowi doÊwiadczenia.)
Could you put me through to the accounts? (Czy mo˝e mnie
pani po∏àczyç z ksi´gowoÊcià?)
You should put on your best clothes when negotiating an
important contract. (PowinieneÊ za∏o˝yç najlepsze ubranie, kiedy
negocjujesz wa˝nà umow´.)
I can’t put up with his aggressive negotiation style. (Nie znosz´
jego agresywnego stylu negocjacji.)
åwiczenia-
customs clearance discount consignment accept

definite answer bank transfer estimate
1. Please send us your payment via ..................... within 30

days.
2. The ..................... will be despatched next week.
3. If you are ready to .................... our proposal, we can sign the
contract right away.
4. What is the ..................... price of 100 PZ–11 lamps?
5. Our usual .................. for cash payment is 3%.
6. We would be grateful for a ..................... by next Friday.
7. Long ....................... procedures may be a problem if the
order is urgent.
108
UNIT 17
2. U∏ó˝ zdania w odpowiedniej kolejnoÊci tak, by powsta∏y dwa sensowne

dialogi.
Dialog 1
..... a. Hmm... A further 3% off might difficult for us.
..... b. I think we can agree to that if you provide us with
references.
..... c. I see. Could we get 15% if we place regular orders?
..1.. d. What discount can you offer us on 500 units?
..... e. Of course. We’ll be happy to send them next week.
..... f. The usual discount is 12%.
..... g. Will you consider it anyway if we offer to pay cash?
..... h. It’s a deal then!
Dialog 2
..... a. One month is quite long, so I’ll have to consult my boss.
..... b. And why are you asking for that, if I may know?
..1.. c. Could we ask you to extend our payment date?
..... d. So when do you think will you be able to pay us?
..... e. We are still waiting for money from our client.
..... f. Can we ask for 30 days? That would be the safest option.
3. Dopasuj fragmenty 1–6 do a–f tak, by powsta∏y logiczne zdania.
1. We will have to cancel our order

2. How about a further 5% off
3. I was wondering if I could ask you
4. We will sign a three–year contract
5. The consignment will not be despatched
6. A sales representative will call you
a. to give us more favourable payment terms.

b. as soon as we receive your order form.
c. unless you replace the wrong goods at once.
d. provided that you promise to meet tight deadlines.
e. if we pay within 7 days?
f. until we receive the payment in our bank account.
4. Wstaw czasowniki w odpowiedniej formie.
1. You ............. (get) more enquiries from customers abroad if you

.............. (advertise) on the Internet.
2. No company ................ (give) a trade credit to their buyers as

long as they ................ (be) sure that the buyer can pay.
3. We ............... (send) your order on approval provided that you

.............. (return) any unsold items after 45 days.
4. We ................ (share) the technical details on the condition

that you ................ (treat) them with strict confidentiality.
5. Geo Inc. and Habibi Ltd. ............... (not / co–operate) anymore

unless they .................. (negotiate) a new contract.
6. Our employees .............. (not / despatch) the consignment until

we ................... (receive) your payment.
7. We ................ (give) you a reply when you ................ (send)

us the estimate price.
5. Uzupe∏nij luki odpowiednim wyrazem z ramki.
forward up on through to down off with
1. He’s so irritating! I cannot put ......... ......... him anymore!

2. What do you think I should put ............... for the charity ball
this evening?
3. The suggestion that she put .................. was irrelevant.
4. I think this needs to be put .................. until next week.
5. His aggressive behaviour can be put ........... .......... stress.
6. Will you put me ........... to Mr Greenfield, please?
110
UNIT 17
Negotiation styles
Style negocjacji ró˝nià si´ tak jak zwyczaje handlowe w danym
kraju czy kulturze. Podczas gdy np. w wielu miejscach na
Êwiecie hard bargaining (ostre targowanie si´) jest przyj´tym
zwyczajem, Europejczycy odbierajà ceny wyjÊciowe 500% wy˝sze
od ostatecznie wynegocjowanych jako prób´ rip–off (zdzierstwa).
Wynika to z innego pojćia ceny – w Europie i USA wyra˝a ona
wartoÊç towaru lub us∏ugi, podczas gdy w wielu innych miejscach
Êwiata jest ona tylko subiektywnà miarà tego, za ile kupujàcy jest
sk∏onny nabyç dany towar. Wniosek: w negocjacjach liczy si´
tylko wynik win–win (obie strony wygrywajà).
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
7 will give, send 5. 1 up with 2 on 3 forward 4 off 5 down to 6 through
will send, return 4 will share, treat 5 will not co–operate, negotiate 6 will not despatch, receive
3e 4d 5f 6a 3. 1c 2e 3a 4d 5f 6b 4. 1. will get, advertise 2 will give, are 3
customs clearance 2. Dialog 1 – 1d 2f 3c 4a 5g 6b 7e 8h Dialog 2 – 1c 2b
1. 1 bank transfer 2 consignment 3 accept 4 estimate 5 discount 6 definite answer 7
1. U∏ó˝ zdania z rozsypanych wyrazów.
1. new/Tuesday/we/installed/the/computer/by/must/system/have
2. thought/the/will/we/much/than/project/money/cost/more
3. the accounts/you/please/these/take/could/to/you/documents
4. would/Monday/room/I/next/single/book/like/to/a/for/
5. discount/order?/will/place/a 20%/you/me/I/give/if/a bigger
1. Unfortunately, we don’t have 5. At the moment, we

the goods you requested .................... hard on fixing
................. . the problem.
a. bulk b. in stock a. work b. works
c. warehouse d. order c. are working d. have worked
2. I ............ her to call me in 6. This project has already

the afternoon. taken .............. money than
a. told b. repeated originally planned.
c. said d. spoke a. much more b. many
c. much d. many more
3. We ............... by an external
company. 7. I still don’t know how to get
a. are testing our security system ........ Warsaw – I use the
b. are having our security map all the time.
system tested a. in b. up
c. have tested our security c. on to d. around
system
d. have been testing our 8. He’s furious, so you’d better
security system not get ............... his way.
a. on b. in c. at d. to
4. ............. very difficult to
negotiate with the Japanese. 9. ........ you bring us four
a. It is b. We are coffees, Evelyn? Thanks a lot.
c. There is d. There seems a. Could b. May
c. Should d. Must
112
UNIT 18
10. .................... you seen Peter 13. His proposal was ................
anywhere? because it was too expensive.
a. Do b. Are a. accepted b. put forward
c. Was d. Have c. made d. rejected
11. Could you ............... to me, 14. Could you put me ........ to
please? your Mr Clark, please?
a. repeat b. read that back a. through b. off
c. tell d. say c. down to d. on
12. ................... did you quit 15. If you ....... us a 15% discount,
your previous job? we’ll place a bigger order.
a. What b. Where a. will give b. will be giving
c. Why d. How much c. gave d. give
3. Krzy˝ówka
1. Rzeczownik utworzony 1
od insure. 2
2. Z∏o˝yç (zamówienie).
3
3. A room for one person
is a ........ room. 4
4. Let’s get to the ......... ! 5
5. Reduction in price.
6
6. Szczegó∏y.
7. Prawo. 7
8. The .......... you gave me were 8
wrong. I couldn’t find the place. 9
9. Rozwijaç (np. nowà ga∏àê
przemys∏u).
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
develop)
3. Krzy˝ówka has∏o: negotiate (insurance, place, single, point, discount, details, law, directions,
a bigger order? 2. 1b 2a 3b 4a 5c 6a 7d 8b 9a 10d 11b 12c 13d 14a 15d
4. I would like to book a single room for next Monday. 5. Will you give me a 20% discount if I place
more money than we thought. 3. Could you take these documents to the accounts, please?
1. 1. We must have the new computer system installed by Tuesday. 2. The project will cost much
19. Primrose Language
School Report
16 From: Sales Director
To: Director of Studies
Re: Profitability report
The purpose of this report is to evaluate the profitability of intensive
one–to–one and group courses in Business English conducted by
Primrose Language School. The report examines two factors
influencing profitability: student absenteeism and motivation.
It has been found that absenteeism is much higher amongst

one–to–one students than in groups. Classes are frequently cancelled
at very short notice due to urgent business appointments. The
School accepts three cancellations per month, for which one–to–one
students or their sponsors do not have to pay. In nearly all cases,
the limit is used up. This reduces the School’s income and frustrates
the teachers, who not only lose their wage, but also cannot plan
their time effectively. On the other hand, attendance at group
courses is far better, partly for the reason that students pay for the
lessons in advance.
Secondly, individual students have different motivations and

priorities than those attending regular classes. A significant number
of teachers complain that they are being ignored. On some
occasions, a tennis game or an evening in the cinema were
considered more important by students than the English class. In
comparison, the clients who chose to attend their classes with a
group usually prefer not to miss their lessons, as no–shows result in
falling behind with the syllabus.
To sum up, one–to–one courses use more School resources than group
lessons and the unproportionally high costs of the former have no
match in the actual revenue. Therefore, it is recommended that
private lessons should be discontinued and more group courses started.
114
UNIT 19
S∏ownictwo-
purpose – cel they are being ignored – sà
to evaluate – oceniç ignorowani
to examine – zbadaç ...were considered more
factor – czynnik important – (uczniowie)
absenteeism – nieobecnoÊci uwa˝ali ... za wa˝niejsze
to cancel – odwo∏aç (zajćia) to attend – ucz´szczaç (na
at very short notice – w zajćia)
ostatniej chwili to miss lessons – opuszczaç
urgent business appointments lekcje
– pilne spotkania biznesowe no–show – (dos∏.) niezjawienie si´
cancellation – odwo∏anie to fall behind – mieç zaleg∏oÊci
used up – zu˝yty syllabus – program kursu
to frustrate – frustrowaç, resources – zasoby
rozczarowaç have no match in... – nie majà
priorities – priorytety pokrycia w...
to complain – skar˝yç si´ actual revenue – rzeczywisty
dochód
to discontinue – zaniechaç
PROFITABILITY (DochodowoÊç):
cash cow – (dos∏.) „dojna krowa”, ˝y∏a z∏ota
cost control – kontrola kosztów
growth – wzrost; sales ~ – wzrost sprzeda˝y; company ~ – rozwój
firmy
investment – inwestycja
margin – mar˝a
to maximize profits – maksymalizowaç zyski
to optimize costs – optymalizowaç koszty
Return On Investment (ROI) – zwrot / zysk z inwestycji
Return On Equity (ROE) – zysk z kapita∏u w∏asnego
rising star – „wschodzàca gwiazda”
to suffer a loss – ponieÊç strat´
Primrose Language School Repor t
Jak to dzia∏a?-
RAPORT
NAG¸ÓWKI
ROZPOCZ¢CIE
The purpose of this report is to... (Celem tego raportu jest...)

The report examines ... (Raport przedstawia...)
PRZEDSTAWIENIE FAKTÓW
It has been found that... (Stwierdzono, ˝e...)

Firstly, ... . Secondly, ... . Finally, ... . (Po pierwsze, ... . Po
drugie, ... . Na koniec, ... .)
Moreover, ... / Furthermore, ... / What is more, ... (Co wićej, ...)
In general, ... / Generally, ... (Ogólnie rzecz bioràc, ...)
PRZECIWSTAWIANIE ARGUMENTÓW
On the other hand, ... (Z drugiej strony, ...)

However, ... / Nevertheless... (Jednak˝e, ...)
In comparison, ... (W porównaniu do tego, ...)
UZASADNIENIE
For this reason, ... (Z tego powodu...)

Since... / As... / Due to the fact that, ... (Poniewa˝...)
Consequently, ... (W konsekwencji, ...)
Otherwise, ... (W przeciwnym wypadku, ...)
PODSUMOWANIE I WNIOSKI
To sum up, .../In conclusion, .../To conclude, ...

(Podsumowujàc, ...)
It is recommended / suggested that... (Zaleca si´, aby...)
Our recommendation is that... (Zalecamy, aby ...)
116
UNIT 19
Strona bierna: to be + Past Participle
Strony biernej u˝ywamy w celu nadania wypowiedzi oficjalnego lub

bezosobowego stylu:
It has been found that absenteeism... (Stwierdzono, ˝e

nieobecnoÊci...)
Classes are frequently cancelled. (Zajćia sà cz´sto odwo∏ywane.)
Teachers complain that they are being ignored. (Nauczyciele
skar˝à si´, ˝e sà ignorowani.)
An evening in the cinema was considered more important.
(Wieczór w kinie zosta∏ uznany za wa˝niejszy.)
The matter will be investigated promptly. (Sprawa zostanie
wkrótce zbadana.)
J´zyk formalny
W raportach bardzo cz´sto stosujemy styl oficjalny:

stron´ biernà
imies∏owy:
– the profitability of Business English courses conducted by PLS

(dochodowoÊç kursów biznesowych prowadzonych przez PLS);
– two factors influencing profitability (dwa czynniki
wp∏ywajàce na dochodowoÊç)
zwroty i wyra˝enia:
In this report we look at... (styl neutralny)

This report examines... (styl formalny)
Students cancel their classes because of appointments. (styl

neutralny)
Classes are cancelled due to urgent appointments. (styl formalny)
... partly because students pay... (styl neutralny)

... partly for the reason that students pay... (styl formalny)
They’re saving money because they want to invest. (styl neutralny)

They are saving money in order to make an investment. (styl formalny)
Some teachers complain... (styl neutralny)

A number of teachers complain... (styl formalny)
Sometimes, a tennis game... (styl neutralny)

On some occasions, a tennis game... (styl formalny)
The first ... the other... (styl neutralny)

The former ... the latter (styl formalny)
We suggest that the company should introduce... (styl neutralny)

It is suggested that... be introduced. (styl formalny)
nie stosujemy form skróconych:

Sponsors don’t do not have to pay. (Sponsorzy nie muszà p∏aciç.)
åwiczenia-
1. Uzupe∏nij zdania 1–5 odpowiednimi wyra˝eniami z ramki.
cash cows suffered a loss investment

maximize sales optimize costs
1. Last year, we ................ of $500,000 due to unstable

economic situation in the country.
2. The new ...................... in Poland is expected to become

profitable in three years.
3. In order to ........................, we made new contracts with

cheaper suppliers.
4. Everybody wants to sell only products that are ......................,
118
UNIT 19
because they generate the highest revenue.
5. We intend to ......................... by expanding our distribution

network.
2. Uzupe∏nij fragmenty raportu odpowiednimi zwrotami.
From: Marx Consultants Ltd.

To: Lucas Phillipson, PhilPack Co.
Re: 1. ....
2. ..... present three options that PhilPack might consider to

reduce their debt. 3. ....... the situation has become dangerous
and there is a risk of bankruptcy, 4. ........ action be taken
immediately.
5. ....., the company could take new loans to repay its current
debts. This solution, 6. ......, is only a short–term measure and, in
the end, will increase the overall amount to pay.
PhilPack owns three factories in Poland, two of which generate

losses, and one which is profitable. 7. ......, it seems logical that
the company should sell the two unprofitable factories 8. .........
start recovering.
9. ......., the only realistic solution to PhilPack debt problem is to

sell some of their assets. 10. ....... that this should be done
without delay.
a. it is important that
b. however
c. The purpose of this report is to
d. in order to
e. In conclusion
f. PhilPack’s debt – 3 solutions.

g. Due to the fact that
h. It is suggested
i. Firstly
j. For this reason
3. Przepisz zdania w stronie biernej.
1. Our marketing department is preparing a new sales campaign.

..................................................................................... .
2. They update our computer software every year.

.......................................................................................... .
3. They have just informed her about the delay.

.......................................................................................... .
4. They carried out the first prototype test yesterday.

.......................................................................................... .
5. They will complete the project in June.

.......................................................................................... .
4. Przepisz poni˝sze zdania, zast´pujàc zaznaczone frazy bardziej

formalnymi odpowiednikami.
1. Sometimes, PCR and Sons refused to cooperate because they

did not trust a potential partner.
2. There are many companies that provide consultancy services

in the area of taxes. (u˝yj imies∏owu)
3. The revenue that we expect at the end of the year will

amount to 1 million PLN. (u˝yj imies∏owu)
120
UNIT 19
4. Some managers do not believe in employee motivation

programmes.
5. The flight was cancelled because of bad weather.
In Germany, it is regulated that...

Angielskie t∏umaczenia „oficjalnych” instrukcji i og∏oszeƒ, które
by∏y pierwotnie pisane w innych j´zykach, sà czasem komiczne.
Oto napis w niemieckim Schwarzwaldzie: It is strictly forbidden
on our Black Forest camping site that people of different sex, for
instance, men and women, live together in one tent unless they are
married with each other for this purpose. („Surowo zabrania si´ na
naszym kempingu w Czarnym Lesie, aby osoby o ró˝nej p∏ci, na
przyk∏ad m´˝czyêni i kobiety, wspólnie mieszka∏y w jednym
namiocie, chyba ˝e sà w tym celu ze sobà w zwiàzku
ma∏˝eƒskim.”)
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
2 providing 3 The expected revenue 4 A number of managers 5 due to
5 The project will be completed in June 4. 1 On some occasions; due to the fact that /since/as
3 She has just been informed about the delay 4 The first prototype test was carried out yesterday
prepared by our marketing department. 2 Our computer software is updated every year.
2. 1 f 2 c 3 g 4 a 5 i 6 b 7 j 8 d 9 e 10 h 3. 1 A new sales campaign is being
1. 1 suffered a loss 2 investment 3 optimize costs 4 cash cows 5 maximize sales
20. Complaints: Spoiled food
17 RON: Gourmet Catering, good afternoon?
TRICIA: Hello. My name’s Tricia Stone from Stone Ltd. I’m calling
to complain about the food you sent us on 27th May.
RON: I’m very sorry to hear that. Could you just remind me
what you ordered?
TRICIA: Yes, we wanted fifty Gourmet Classic Menu meals plus
sandwiches and other light refreshments for a dinner that
we were holding for our best customers.
RON: OK, I have your order in front of me. What was the
problem exactly?
TRICIA: I regret to say that after unpacking the meals, we found
that some contained spoiled food.
RON: Hmm... Normally our meals are prepared to be heated up
and served within 48 hours from delivery. Did you check
the expiry date on the packaging?
TRICIA: It read ’Best before: 29th May, 23h59’. All meals were
wrapped in aluminium foil and we only removed it on
28th, right before the dinner to heat up the food.
RON: I see. You said that only some dishes were spoiled?
TRICIA: Yes, but still we didn’t serve the others because we
needed fifty. We couldn’t risk disappointing our
customers, so we had to arrange to take them to a
restaurant virtually on the spot.
RON: Oh dear, this is an embarrassing situation for us as well.
Look, I’ll try to find out why the food arrived spoiled. I’ll
talk to our chef and get back to you in an hour. Is that
ok?
TRICIA: Errmm... well, actually, I was expecting a refund.
RON: Mrs Stone, I understand, but please be so kind and let me
check what happened first. If it is indeed our fault,
I promise to give you a full refund and also reimburse
your expenses in the restaurant.
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S∏ownictwo- wrapped – zapakowane

to complain – sk∏adaç embarrassing situation
reklamacj´ – k∏opotliwa sytuacja
to remind sb – przypomnieç to arrange – tu: zorganizowaç
komuÊ coÊ virtually on the spot
light refreshments – przekàski – praktycznie na poczekaniu
I regret to say – przykro mi to chef – szef kuchni
mówiç to find out – ustaliç coÊ
to contain – zawieraç refund – zwrot
spoiled food – zepsute jedzenie fault – wina
to be heated up – do podgrzania to promise – obiecywaç
expiry date – data wa˝noÊci to reimburse – zwróciç
best before: – najlepiej spo˝yç (pieniàdze, poniesione
przed... wydatki)
REKLAMACJE – SK¸ADANIE:
Could you replace the faulty items by Friday? – Czy móg∏by pan
wymieniç uszkodzone sztuki do piàtku?
I’d like to ask for a refund. – Chcia∏bym poprosiç o zwrot
pieni´dzy.
I’d like to complain about... – Chcia∏bym z∏o˝yç reklamacj´
w sprawie...
The device seems to be broken. – Urzàdzenie jest chyba popsute.
There is a mistake on the invoice. – Na fakturze jest b∏àd.
You sent us the wrong order. – Wys∏aliÊcie nam z∏e zamówienie.
REKLAMACJE – PRZYJMOWANIE:
Could you describe... in more detail? – Czy móg∏by pan opisaç...
bardziej szczegó∏owo?
Do you have the receipt? – Czy ma pan rachunek?
I apologize for... – Przepraszam za...
I’ll see to it right away. – Zajm´ si´ tym od razu.
I’m afraid you’ll have to wait till... – Obawiam si´, ˝e b´dzie
musia∏ pan zaczekaç do...
Jak to dzia∏a?-
Bezokolicznik z to oraz forma –ing
W przypadku niektórych czasowników (np. forget, remember, stop),

znaczenie zdania zmienia si´ w zale˝noÊci od tego, czy wyst´puje po nich
bezokolicznik z to czy czasownik z –ing:
You’ll soon forget quitting this job. (Wkrótce zapomnisz o

odejÊciu z tej pracy.)
I forgot to send the report. (Zapomnia∏em wys∏aç raportu.)
He stopped listening to the news. (Przesta∏ s∏uchaç
wiadomoÊci.)
He stopped to listen to the news. (Zatrzyma∏ si´, aby
pos∏uchaç wiadomoÊci.)
I remember telling him about the meeting. (Pami´tam, ˝e
mówi∏em mu o spotkaniu.)
I remembered to tell him about the meeting. (Pami´ta∏em, aby
powiedzieç mu o spotkaniu.)
Na szcz´Êcie w wielu wypadkach, np. begin, start, continue, intend,

wybór formy kolejnego czasownika nie zmienia znaczenia zdania:
We started to sell / selling laptops in 1995. (W 1995 roku

zacz´liÊmy sprzedawaç laptopy.)
Niektóre czasowniki wyst´pujà jedynie z bezokolicznikiem to.

Sà to m.in. agree, arrange, ask, decide, expect, hope, plan, prepare,
promise, tell, want:
I promise to give you a refund. (Obiecuj´ zwróciç pieniàdze.)
Inne czasowniki, m.in. avoid, dislike, enjoy, finish, like, propose,

recommend, risk, suggest, dopuszczajà wy∏àcznie form´ –ing:
We couldn’t risk disappointing our customers. (Nie mogliÊmy

ryzykowaç rozczarowania naszych klientów.)
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Formy –ing u˝ywamy te˝ w wielu utartych zwrotach, m.in. It’s worth..., It’s
/ There’s no point..., Would you mind..., How about..., a tak˝e po
przyimkach:
It’s worth checking. (Warto to sprawdziç.)
After unpacking the boxes, we found that... . (Po rozpakowaniu
pude∏ek odkryliÊmy, ˝e...)
Korespondencja firmowa
Nag∏ówek na papierze firmowym – nazwa firmy, adres, dane

kontaktowe.
Data 10 September 2006
Adresat Mr Andrew Stone
Optitech Ltd.
15 Abbey Sq.
London NW1 7NB
United Kingdom
Powitanie Dear Mr Stone, Dear Sirs, Dear Sir / Madam
Rozpoczćie I am writing to...
TreÊç
Zakoƒczenie Yours sincerely,

Podpis Marcin Adamski
Czytelnie Marcin Adamski, Chief Buyer.
Dat´ i adres zazwyczaj umieszczamy po lewej stronie.

W rozpoczćiu piszemy Dear Mr ... / Dear Mrs... / Dear Ms...
(Szanowny Panie ... / Szanowna Pani – w przypadku m´˝atki /
Szanowna Pani – w przypadku osoby wolnej lub m´˝atki), jeÊli znamy
imi´ i nazwisko adresata.
Piszemy Dear Sirs lub Dear Sir / Madam (Szanowni Paƒstwo),
jeÊli nie adresujemy listu do konkretnej osoby, lecz ogólnie do instytucji.
Poprawne zakoƒczenie listu to Yours sincerely (Z powa˝aniem), jeÊli
rozpocz´liÊmy od Dear Mr.../Mrs.../Ms... . JeÊli rozpocz´liÊmy od
Dear Sirs lub Dear Sir/Madam, koƒczymy Yours faithfully.
W pierwszym akapicie podajemy cel listu:

I am writing to enquire about... (Pisz´, aby zapytaç o...)
to complain about... (aby z∏o˝yç reklamacj´...)
concerning... (w sprawie...)
in response to... (w odpowiedzi na...)
Further to your letter / advertisement of... (W odpowiedzi na
list / og∏oszenie z dnia...)
Thank you for your enquiry about... (Dzi´kujemy za
zainteresowanie...)
We acknowledge receipt of... (Potwierdzamy otrzymanie...)
We would like some information about... (ChcielibyÊmy
uzyskaç informacje na temat...)
W ostatnim akapicie zachćamy do skontaktowania si´ z nami i/lub

podajemy dodatkowe informacje:
Please find enclosed... (W za∏àczeniu przesy∏am...)
Please do not hesitate to contact me if... (Prosz´ o kontakt
jeÊli...)
We would appreciate a prompt reply. (B´dziemy wdzićzni za
szybkà odpowiedê.)
I look forward to hearing from you. (Oczekuj´ na odpowiedê.)
W listach formalnych nie u˝ywamy skróconych form gramatycznych

– I will, we do not zamiast I’ll, we don’t itd.
åwiczenia-
1. U∏ó˝ zdania w kolejnoÊci tak, by powsta∏y dwa sensowne dialogi.
Dialog 1
a. ...... That’s what I got. But the invoice reads ’5 screens and
10 printers’.
b. ..... 10 LCD screens and 5 laser printers – is that right?
c. ..... Oh, I apologize for the mistake. I’ll send the correct
invoice right away.
d. ..... Hello Mr Cook. How can I help?
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UNIT 20
e. ..... Not at all.

f. ..... That was AA/542/10.
g. ..... Oh dear. I’ll check it. What was the invoice number,
please?
h. ..1.. Hello, this is Mark Cook from OneStep Co. I’m phoning
about our last order.
i. ..... Well, there’s a mistake on the invoice you sent us.
j. ..... Thanks a lot for your help.
Dialog 2
a. ..1.. I’d like to complain about the delivery.
b. ..... All right, but I’d expect some kind of discount then.
c. ..... Five out of ninety devices we ordered seem to be broken.
d. ..... Thank you. And sorry again for the inconvenience.
e. ..... I’m sorry to hear that. What went wrong exactly?
f. ..... OK, that’s quite fine.
g. ..... I’m very sorry, but I’m afraid you’ll have to wait till
Saturday. We’ve got plenty of orders.
h. ..... Could you replace the faulty items by Friday? It’s urgent.
i. ..... Yes, I understand, of course... How about 10% on your
next order?
j. ..... Hmm... It must have been the driver’s fault. It’s not the
first time. Don’t worry, we’ll get you new ones.
2. Uzupe∏nij zdania odpowiednimi wyrazami lub zwrotami z ramki.
refund apologize Could you describe arrange

I’ll see to it fault promise
2. I expect a full .............. of €200.00 within 10 days.

1. It’s not our ............. that the delivery was late – it’s the post.
3. Will you ............... to take the goods back tomorrow?

4. I can ................ that this will never happen again.
5. ....................... as soon as possible.
6. ....................... the damage in more detail?
7. I really ................. for the mistake. We’ll correct it right away.
3. Uzupe∏nij zdania poprawnymi formami czasowników.
1. I’ll tell him .................... (come) as soon as possible.

2. The boss recommended ................... (do) a thorough research.
3. There’s no point ................... (argue) – he just won’t listen.
4. Anne forgot ................... (answer) an important e–mail.
5. Make sure you’ve read the contract before ............... (sign) it.
6. I suggest .................. (ask) him directly.
7. She never stopped .................. (complain) about her job – she
was always unhappy.
8. Did you remember ................... (pay) your tax bill?
4. Uzupe∏nij luki 1–7 w poni˝szym liÊcie zwrotami z ramki. Cztery z

podanych zwrotów nie pasujà w ˝adnym miejscu – dlaczego?
Please do not hesitate Dear Mr White We’re

Yours faithfully our company is We’ve got
Dear Sir or Madam Yours sincerely
I am writing to enquire there are
I look forward to hearing from you
P–Stock Ltd.
23 Allenby Road, Bristol BS3 2RE,
UK. Phone +44 123456789. Fax: +44 987654321.
E–mail: office@p–stock.co.uk
5 December 2006
Office Computer Technologies Ltd.
40 Park Street
Bristol BS1 5JN
United Kingdom
1. .......................
2. ...................... about the networking solutions advertised in
your catalogue. At the moment, 3. ................. upgrading the
computer hardware installed in our main office. We would like to
replace the computer network in order to improve communication
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UNIT 20
between users. Currently 4. ............... about 35 PCs linked to one

server. The upgrade will involve replacing the server and some of
the older PCs with new hardware, laying new cables for a faster
network and adding some printer–sharing facilities.
5. .................. to contact me for details. I suggest a meeting next
week to discuss the technical issues.
6. .....................
7. ......................
Joanne Greenfield
P–Stock Ltd., Administration Manager.
Complaints, complaints, complaints...

Oto kilka interesujàcych fragmentów listów ze skargami
kierowanych do ró˝nego rodzaju urz´dów: I am writing on behalf
of my sink, which is running away from the wall. („Pisz´ w
imieniu mojego zlewu, który wylewa si´ ze Êciany”). I cannot get
sick pay. I have six children. Can you tell me why? („Nie mog´
otrzymaç wyp∏aty za czas choroby. Mam szeÊcioro dzieci. Czy
mo˝ecie mi powiedzieç dlaczego?”). Unless I get my husband’s
money pretty soon, I will be forced to lead an immoral life. („Je˝eli
nie otrzymam pieni´dzy mojego m´˝a wkrótce, b´d´ zmuszona
prowadziç niemoralne ˝ycie”). This is to let you know that our
lavatory seat is broken and we can’t get BBC. („Niniejszym
informuj´, ˝e nasz sedes jest uszkodzony, i ˝e nie uda∏o nam si´
zainteresowaç tym BBC”).
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
skrócona), Yours sincerely (z∏e zakoƒczenie – list zaczyna si´ od Dear Sir or Madam)
Mr White (nazwisko nie jest wymienione w nag∏ówku), We’re (forma skrócona), We’ve got (forma
5 Please do not hesitate 6 I look forward to hearing from you 7 Yours faithfully Nie pasujà: Dear
8 to pay 4. 1 Dear Sir or Madam 2 I am writing to enquire 3 our company is 4 there are
7 apologize 3. 1 to come 2 doing 3 arguing 4 to answer 5 signing 6 asking 7 complaining
8i 9f 10d 2. 1 fault 2 refund 3 arrange 4 promise 5 I’ll see to it 6 Could you describe
1. Dialog 1: 1h 2d 3i 4g 5f 6b 7a 8c 9j 10e Dialog 2: 1a 2e 3c 4j 5h 6g 7b
21. Tax: pay or die
18 Janet has been running a grocery shop for one year as a sole trader.
It is now January and she has to file her tax return, but she found it
so confusing that she asked her friend Max for help.
MAX: Hmm... let’s have a look at your self–assessment form. Do you

know your turnover and expenses?
JANET: Well, I had a turnover of more or less £180,000 and the costs
were around £60,000.
MAX: OK, so your net profit before tax is £120,000. Now you need
to calculate the direct and indirect costs separately and write
them in the rubrics here. You can also claim investment
allowances and other reliefs to reduce the amount of tax due.
JANET: What exactly can I claim?
MAX: For instance, if you’ve been paying alimony or if you have a
personal pension scheme or if you’ve donated to a charity...
JANET: I see... And what about social security contributions?
MAX: You must report them in this section. Of course, they are also
deductible from your income, but that’s quite separate. Oh,
and VAT is also separate. Make sure you work out the correct
figures for output tax and input tax when you submit your
quarterly VAT returns.
JANET: Yes, I’ve already filled the e–VAT forms online.
MAX: Fine, so that’s basically it – now do the maths and see how
much refund you can get. See how easy it is?
S∏ownictwo-
to file a tax return – z∏o˝yç direct (indirect) costs – koszty
zeznanie podatkowe bezpoÊrednie (poÊrednie)
self–assessment form rubric – rubryka
– formularz zeznania investment allowances – odpisy
turnover – obrót, przychód na inwestycje
expenses – wydatki relief – ulga
net profit before tax – zysk amount of tax due – kwota
netto przed opodatkowaniem podatku do zap∏acenia
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UNIT 21
What exactly can I claim? Value Added Tax (VAT)

– Co dok∏adnie mog´ – podatek od wartoÊci dodanej
odliczyç? (podatek od towarów i us∏ug)
alimony – alimenty input tax – podatek naliczony
pension scheme – program output tax – podatek nale˝ny
emerytalny to submit quarterly VAT
charity – organizacja returns – sk∏adaç kwartalne
charytatywna deklaracje VAT
social security contributions – That’s basically it – To
sk∏adki na ubezpieczenia w∏aÊciwie ju˝ wszystko
spo∏eczne do the maths – zajmij si´
deductible – mo˝liwe do obliczeniem
odpisania tax refund – zwrot podatku

duty – c∏o
excise – akcyza
income – dochód
Pay–As–You–Earn (PAYE, witholding taxation) – pobieranie
zaliczki na podatek z pensji lub zarobków
rate – stawka
surcharge – kara, grzywna, dop∏ata
tax – podatek; ~ audit – kontrola skarbowa; ~ avoidance
– unikanie zobowiàzaƒ podatkowych w sposób legalny; to be
exempted from ~ – byç zwolnionym z podatku; capital gains
~ – podatek od zysków kapita∏owych; corporate ~ – podatek od
firm (osób prawnych); ~ evasion – nielegalne uchylanie si´ od
podatków; flat ~ – podatek liniowy, „p∏aski”; ~ haven – raj
podatkowy; inheritance ~ – podatek od spadków; ~ office
– urzàd skarbowy; progressive ~ – podatek progresywny;
property ~ – podatek od nieruchomoÊci
taxpayer – p∏atnik podatku lub podatnik
threshold – próg podatkowy
to write sth off – dokonaç odpisu czegoÊ
Ta x : p a y o r d i e
Jak to dzia∏a?-
Czasowniki modalne must, have to, need to
O obowiàzkach (w tym podatkowych) mo˝emy mówiç u˝ywajàc

czasowników modalnych must, have to oraz need to. T∏umaczymy je
najcz´Êciej jako „musieç”:
Janet has to file her tax return. (Janet musi z∏o˝yç zeznanie
podatkowe.)
You need to calculate the direct and indirect costs. (Musisz
policzyç koszty bezpoÊrednie i poÊrednie.)
You must report your social security contributions in this section.
(Musisz podaç sk∏adki na ubezpieczenia spo∏eczne w tej sekcji.)
Czasowniki must i have to majà wspólne formy przeczàce i pytajàce:
You must have to file the VAT returns every month. (Musisz
sk∏adaç deklaracje VAT co miesiàc.)
You don’t have to file VAT forms every month. (Nie musisz...)
– nie: You mustn’t
Do I have to file VAT forms every month? (Czy musz´...?)
– nie: Do I must... ?
Forma must not (mustn’t) wyra˝a zakaz:
You mustn’t file false returns. (Nie wolno sk∏adaç fa∏szywych

zeznaƒ.)
Czasownik need to ma dwie formy przeczàce, których u˝ywamy

wymiennie:
You don’t need to fill in paper returns if you pay your tax online.
lub: You needn’t fill in paper returns... (Nie musisz wype∏niaç...)
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UNIT 21
Present Perfect Continuous. Since oraz for
Czas Present Perfect Continuous tworzymy przy pomocy wyra˝enia have

been lub has been i czasownika z koƒcówkà –ing:
You can claim tax relief if you’ve been paying alimony. (Mo˝esz
skorzystaç z ulgi podatkowej, jeÊli p∏acisz alimenty.)
Czasu tego u˝ywamy, by wyraziç czynnoÊç rozpocz´tà w przesz∏oÊci, która

trwa do tej pory i jeszcze si´ nie zakoƒczy∏a. Wskazujà na to s∏ówka for
(przez jakiÊ okres czasu) i since (od konkretnego momentu w przesz∏oÊci):
Janet has been running a grocery shop for one year. (Janet od
roku prowadzi sklep.)
Keller & Co. have been operating on the Polish market since
1999. (Keller & Co. operujà na polskim rynku od 1999 roku.)
åwiczenia-
1. Jaki to rodzaj podatku? Po∏àcz definicje 1–6 i wyra˝enia a–f.
1. All limited liability companies pay this tax on their income.

2. You pay this tax on goods such as tobacco, alcohol or petrol.
3. It is a type of tax where you have to pay a higher rate if you
earn more money than the rate paid by people who earn less.
4. This tax applies to you if you’ve bought shares in a public
company and then sold them with profit.
5. If a company buys textiles for £100 and then uses them to
make t–shirts which they later sell for £400, they must pay this
tax on the £300 difference.
6. Companies and individuals pay this tax on the size and/or
value of the buildings or flats they own.
a. capital gains tax d. progressive tax

b. value added tax e. excise
c. property tax f. corporate tax
Ta x : p a y o r d i e
2. Wpisz s∏owa z ramki w luki poni˝ej.
amount of tax due tax haven taxpayers

return tax relief tax evasion
duty flat tax submit
1. Today more and more governments are considering introduction

of ....................... where .................. pay what they are due
at one rate, no matter how much they earn.
2. People who have children or whose incomes are low usually
qualify for some kind of a ................... so that they are able
to keep more money.
3. At the end of each quarter entrepreneurs must ....................
a completed VAT .................... to the tax office.
4. Many goods imported into the EU are subject to ................... .
5. Some companies try to reduce the ................ by moving their
assets to a ........................... . This could be sometimes illegal
and could be treated as ................... by the fiscal authorities.
3. Uzupe∏nij zdania czasownikami modalnymi w odpowiedniej formie.
1. I was late with my tax return this year. Now I ...................

pay a surcharge.
2. The taxes went down in April, so my company
........................... pay as much as it did last year.
3. You ................... register for VAT if your turnover is less than
£60,000, but it’s still a good idea to do so if you sell to VAT
taxpayers.
4. You ................... evade tax – it’s illegal!
5. All companies ................... pay their taxes on time to avoid
penalties.
4. Przekszta∏ç podane zdania u˝ywajàc wyt∏uszczonego czasownika oraz

for lub since.
Przyk∏ad: Janet opened her shop a year ago. She is still running it.
+ Janet has been running her shop for a year.
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UNIT 21
1. TechnoLab started to work on this problem two months ago.

They are still working on it.
...........................................................................................
2. Katrix sold their first product abroad 10 years ago. They are
still selling abroad.
...........................................................................................
3. ShipShelter stopped paying their tax last year. Today they’re
still not paying the tax.
...........................................................................................
4. MartiCo. and Amber Ltd first traded with each other in 1988.
They are still trading with each other
...........................................................................................
5. Our sales started to increase at the beginning of the year. They
are still increasing.
...........................................................................................
Tax Enforcement
W ˝yciu pewna jest tylko Êmierç i podatki. Nic nie przebije
policji skarbowej jednego z krajów europejskich (zobacz w kluczu
poni˝ej), gdzie agenci Êcigajàcy tax fraud (przest´pstwa podatkowe)
mogà pos∏ugiwaç si´ m.in. multi–purpose crowbar (∏omem
wielozadaniowym), battering ram (taranem), boxing gloves
(r´kawicami bokserskimi), a na swoim wyposa˝eniu majà równie˝
bullet–proof helmet (he∏m kuloodporny), fins (p∏etwy), diver’s knife
(nó˝ nurkowy), kimono (kimono), pontoon (ponton), night vision
googles (gogle noktowizyjne) oraz anti–explosion blanket (koc
antywybuchowy)...
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
Finansów z dn. 27.05.2004, Dz. U. nr 136 poz. 1454.
the beginning of the year. Tax Enforcement: ten kraj to Polska – Rozporzàdzenie Ministra
Amber Ltd have been trading with each other since 1988. 5 Our sales have been increasing since
abroad for 10 years. 3 ShipShelter haven’t been paying their tax since last year. 4 MartiCo and
4. 1 TechnloLab has been working on this problem for two months. 2 Katrix have been selling
need to / doesn’t have to 3 don’t need to / don’t have to 4 mustn’t 5 have to / must
4 duty 5 amount of tax due, tax haven, tax evasion 3. 1 have to / must 2 needn’t / doesn’t
1. 1 f 2 e 3 d 4 a 5 b 6 c 2. 1 flat tax, taxpayers 2 tax relief 3 submit, return
22. Company history:
City Design
19 City Design is a Polish designer and manufacturer of office furniture.
The company was founded by Jakub and Dawid, two brothers, in
1993. At the beginning, they didn’t have their own factory but relied
on a network of trusted subcontractors. ’Those were absolutely wild
days’, Jakub recalls. ’Lots of private companies popped up, many also
came here from abroad, and one thing was for sure – everybody
needed new furniture in their new offices’.
The company, at that time known as Patron, had no trouble ensuring

a steady flow of orders from customers. However, understaffing did
turnd out to be a major problem, and in 1995 the brothers employed
the first salespeople. What followed was a four year period of very
rapid growth. The number of employees was increasing by
approximately ten each year, new designs were released regularly,
a factory was finally built near Wroc∏aw, and in 1997 Patron
celebrated their thousandth customer.
A major blow came in 1998 when Ekkra, the biggest international

office furniture retailer entered Poland. Patron found it hard to compete
with their product range and the brothers’ sales were falling year by year.
’We could have been more aggressive with advertising. I believe we
wouldn’t have lost so many valuable clients then’, Jakub says.
The recovery came in 2001 when Patron decided to focus on the

luxury market. ’We were discussing our poor financial situation
when Dawid came up with the idea of «rebranding»’, Jakub recalls.
Patron subsequently got a new name – City Design – and became
profitable soon.
Today the company is flourishing again. Even before Poland entered

the EU, City Design had signed a number of important contracts
with partners from Germany and Austria. ’We are getting many
enquiries from potential customers in Europe’, Dawid adds.
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UNIT 22
S∏ownictwo- rapid growth – szybki wzrost

furniture – meble to release – wprowadziç na
was founded – zosta∏a za∏o˝ona rynek
network – sieç major blow – powa˝ny cios
trusted – zaufani recovery – polepszenie kondycji
wild days – szalone czasy finansowej
to recall – przypominaç sobie to focus on sth – skoncentrowaç
to pop up (nieform.) – pojawiaç si´ na czymÊ
si´ rebranding – zmiana marki
to ensure – zapewniç subsequently – nast´pnie
steady flow of orders – sta∏y to flourish – rozkwitaç
nap∏yw zamówieƒ enquiry – zapytanie
understaffing – zbyt ma∏o
pracowników
COMPANY HISTORY – HISTORIA FIRMY:

After breaking into the EU markets, we established our first
subsidiary in Ukraine. – Po wejÊciu na rynki UE, za∏o˝yliÊmy
pierwszà fili´ na Ukrainie.
Due to..., we were forced to... – Z powodu..., byliÊmy zmuszeni
do...
Mr Edwards joined us as... in... . – Pan Edwards do∏àczy∏ do nas
na stanowisku... w... .
Our flagship product has always been... . – Naszym
sztandarowym produktem zawsze by∏... .
Recently, we have invested in... – Ostatnio zainwestowaliÊmy w...
The contract that we made with... allowed us to... . – Umowa,
którà zawarliÊmy z..., pozwoli∏a nam na... .
We made our first million in... – Pierwszy milion zarobiliÊmy w...
We launched our first product in... – Nasz pierwszy produkt
wypuÊciliÊmy na rynek w...
Company history: City Design
Jak to dzia∏a?-
Czasy przesz∏e
Najcz´Êciej u˝ywanymi czasami przesz∏ymi w j´zyku angielskim sà:
Simple Past – przy jego pomocy wyra˝amy przesz∏à, zakoƒczonà

czynnoÊç. Do czasownika regularnego dodajemy koƒcówk´ –ed, czasowniki
nieregularne wyst´pujà w drugiej formie:
Patron celebrated their thousandth customer in 1997. (Firma
Patron Êwi´towa∏a swojego tysićznego klienta w 1997 r.)
Many companies came to Poland from abroad in 1990s. (Wiele
firm sprowadzi∏o si´ do Polski w latach 90–tych.)
Past Continuous – w tym czasie wyra˝amy czynnoÊç lub sytuacj´

trwajàcà w przesz∏oÊci, cz´sto przerwanà jakàÊ innà jednorazowà czynnoÊcià
lub zdarzeniem, wyra˝onymi w czasie Simple Past. Czas Past Continuous
tworzymy przy pomocy was/were oraz formy –ing czasownika:
The number of employees was increasing by ten each year.
(Zatrudnienie wzrasta∏o o 10 pracowników rocznie.)
We were discussing our situation, when Dawid came up with an
idea. (RozmawialiÊmy o naszej sytuacji, kiedy Dawid
przedstawi∏ nowy pomys∏.)
Past Perfect – w zdaniu, w którym wyst´pujà dwa czasowniki opisujàce

czynnoÊci przesz∏e, czynnoÊç wczeÊniejszà wyra˝amy w czasie Past Perfect.
Czas ten tworzymy przez had i czasownik z koƒcówkà –ed (lub czasownik
nieregularny w trzeciej formie):
Even before Poland entered the EU, City Design had signed
a number of contracts with the Germans. (Jeszcze przed wejÊciem
Polski do UE, City Design podpisa∏a wiele umów z Niemcami.)
Czasowniki modalne opisujàce zdarzenia w przesz∏oÊci
Przy pomocy czasownika modalnego w po∏àczeniu z have i czasownikiem

g∏ównym w trzeciej formie mo˝emy opisaç zdarzenia, które mog∏y, musia∏y
lub powinny si´ by∏y wydarzyç w przesz∏oÊci. Porównaj:
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UNIT 22
We could be more aggressive. (Mo˝emy byç bardziej agresywni.)

We could have been more aggressive. (MogliÊmy byç... )
We would lose clients. (StracilibyÊmy klientów.) – teraz lub

w przysz∏oÊci
We would have lost clients. (StracilibyÊmy klientów.) – kiedyÊ
He must have cheated us. (Musia∏ nas oszukiwaç.)

They might have talked to each other. (Mogli ze sobà rozmawiaç.)
You should have checked that. (PowinieneÊ by∏ to sprawdziç.)
Czasownik come
Podobnie jak do, put, make, go i wiele innych cz´sto u˝ywanych

czasowników, come u˝ywamy w szeregu wyra˝eƒ, których znaczenie
zale˝y od s∏ówka towarzyszàcego bezpoÊrednio temu czasownikowi:
Dawid came up with the idea of rebranding. (Dawid wystàpi∏

z pomys∏em zmiany marki.)
They came across some technical problems. (Napotkali pewne

problemy techniczne.)
The costs of rent came down by 10%. (Koszty wynajmu spad∏y

o 10%.)
The deal with Amert Inc. didn’t come off due to their sudden
bankruptcy. (Interes z Amert Inc. nie wypali∏ z powodu ich
nag∏ego bankructwa.)
Reeve Co. has come through a serious financial crisis. (Reeve

Co. przetrwa∏a powa˝ny kryzys finansowy.)
We have no answer if this question comes up in the meeting.

(Nie mamy odpowiedzi, jeÊli to pytanie pojawi si´ na
spotkaniu.)
åwiczenia-
1. Wstaw zwroty a–l w odpowiednie luki.
a. flourishing g. steady flow of orders

b. rapid growth h. the recovery
c. had joined i. as a result
d. made a long–term j. was founded
contract with k. to break into the EU markets
e. at the beginning l. allowed them to
f. a major blow
MEDINA TRANSPORT
Medina Transport is a transport and logistics company. It 1.
...................... in 1990 in Lublin, Poland. 2. ...................... they
were the only private Polish company that offered transport
services to countries of Central and Eastern Europe. They saw a
very 3. .................... in the first three years of their operation
due to a 4. ....................... from customers in the whole country.
In 1994, they 5. ....................... ArtsFood, a major Polish food
producer, for regular deliveries to the Baltic States. The money
they got from this contract 6. .................. expand into new areas
of business, such as door–to–door delivery and courier service.
The company suffered 7. ............. on Christmas Day 1997, when a
fire broke out in their garage. Nearly half of the lorries were totally
140
UNIT 22
burnt and 8. .............. Medina had to terminate a number of
contracts and lay off some of their drivers. 9. ................ came the
following year, when they managed to buy new trucks on credit.
After 1 May 2004 Poland’s accession to the EU, Medina
managed 10. ................... and is 11. .................... again.
However, it may soon face another problem, since many drivers
who 12. ....................... the company before 2004 are now
looking for better paid jobs in Western Europe.
2. Uzupe∏nij luki czasownikami podanymi w nawiasach, w odpowiednim

czasie przesz∏ym.
1. MarCo .................. (get) many e–mail enquiries about their

products after the company .................... (present) themselves
at a trade fair.
2. I .................... (walk) into the office when the boss

.................... (ask) me to speak with him in private.
3. In 1999 we ................ (make) our first million zlotys and

....................... (sell) the first products abroad.
4. The company ..................... (open) their German branch just

two years after they ................... (enter) the EU market.
5. ChemTex .................... (buy) a building in Warsaw last year.
6. We ..................... (talking) about the new employee when she

suddenly ................... (enter) the room.
3. Przekszta∏ç poni˝sze zdania u˝ywajàc czasowników modalnych w czasie

przesz∏ym, jak w przyk∏adzie.
Przyk∏ad: The boss asked me to call Mr Jones, but I forgot.

—> I should have called Mr Jones.
1. I told you to talk to Mr Jones and you didn’t do it!

You ................................................. to Mr Jones.
2. Perhaps they found a new supplier.

They ............................................ a new supplier.
3. I’m sure they overlooked the mistake on that invoice.

They ............................................. the mistake on that
invoice.
4. It’s a pity we didn’t think about that.

We ................................................. about that.
5. She was almost ready to sign the contracts when they withdrew
their offer.
She ......................... the contract, but they withdrew the offer.
4. Wstaw w luki odpowiednie s∏owo z ramki.
with through up (x2) down off
1. This issue will never come ...................... if we don’t mention it.

2. The contract with May Co is quite risky, but may come
........................... in the end.
3. It’s a very lucky company that has come ...................... many
difficult changes in the industry.
4. Last month, the average prices for textiles came......................
by 30% as a result of cheap import from abroad.
5. He came ............ ............. a very interesting suggestion at
the meeting yesterday.
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UNIT 22
Performance reviews
Co mened˝er dzia∏u HR mo˝e napisaç w raporcie o osobie, która
ciàgle wyst´puje z nowymi pomys∏ami w pracy? Na przyk∏ad: main-
tains professional attitude („ma profesjonalne podejÊcie”). Jak zinter-
pretuje takà opini´ szef czytajàcy raport? A snob. („Pracownik jest
snobem”). Spróbuj sam dopasowaç reszt´ opisów (1–8) do ich „praw-
dziwych” znaczeƒ (a–h). Odpowiedzi i t∏umaczenia w kluczu :–)
1. Uses resources well a. Needs more to do

2. Demonstrates qualities of b. Complains a lot
leadership c. Paid too much
3. Happy d. Gets everyone else to
4. Is unusually loyal do the work
5. Identifies major management e. Has a loud voice
problems f. Wanted by no–one else
6. Tactful in dealing with superiors g. Knows when to
7. Enjoys job shut up
8. Inspires the cooperation of others h. Delegates everything
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
(inspiruje wspó∏prac´ = zwala robot´ na innych)
prze∏o˝onymi = wie kiedy si´ zamknàç), 7a (lubi prac´ = powinien pracowaç wićej), 8d
chce), 5b (rozpoznaje problemy kierownictwa = ciàgle si´ skar˝y), 6g (taktowny w stosunkach z
donoÊny g∏os), 3c (szcz´Êliwy = za dobrze mu p∏acà), 4f (niezwykle lojalny = nikt inny go nie
korzysta z zasobów = oddelegowuje wszystkie zadania), 2e (wykazuje cechy przywódcy = ma
signed 4. 1 up 2 off 3 through 4 down 5 up with Performance reviews. 1h (dobrze
have talked 2 might have found 3 must have overlooked 4 could have thought 5 would have
asked 3 made, sold 4 opened, had entered 5 bought 6 were talking, entered 3. 1 should
1. 1j 2e 3b 4g 5d 6l 7f 8i 9h 10k 11a 12c 2. 1 got, had presented 2 was walking,
23. Accounting and Finance
20 Most people can say exactly how much money they have at any
moment. Companies usually know exactly how much money they
have only once a year. That’s at the end of the fiscal year, when
their accountants prepare the balance sheet. It provides information
about company’s assets (what the company owns) and liabilities
(what the company owes).
Assets are subdivided into current, fixed and intangible. Current

assets are cash or anything that can be turned into cash in a relatively
short period of time, for example receivables or securities. Fixed
assets are those which are directly needed for company’s operations –
machines, land or buildings. Some firms also list intangible assets
such as copyrights, brands or goodwill. The liabilities part includes
any debts that the company may have, bank loans or taxes. Liabilities
are classified as current if money has to be paid within the next
twelve months; otherwise, they are long–term liabilities.
Apart from the balance sheet, there are two other documents which
are important for analysing any company’s financial situation – the
profit and loss account and the cash–flow statement. The former
gives an overview of all revenue and spending within a certain
period of time. It contains the figures for sales and costs, the latter
are generally broken down into costs of sales – for example raw
materials or advertising – and overheads such as salaries, rent,
electricity, maintenance or administration. Much of the information
included in the profit and loss account is also reported, usually in
more detail, in the cash–flow statement, which additionally presents
how and where the company earned and spent their money.
S∏ownictwo-
fiscal year – rok podatkowy to owe – byç winnym (coÊ)
balance sheet – bilans current assets – Êrodki obrotowe
assets – aktywa fixed assets – Êrodki trwa∏e
to own – posiadaç intangible assets – wartoÊci
liabilities – pasywa, zobowiàzania niematerialne i prawne
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UNIT 23
receivables (accounts cash–flow statement

receivable) – nale˝noÊci, – sprawozdanie z przep∏ywu
wierzytelnoÊci Êrodków pieni´˝nych
securities – papiery wartoÊciowe revenue – tu: przychód
goodwill – reputacja, renoma spending – wydatki
debt – d∏ug costs of sales – koszty sprzeda˝y
loan – po˝yczka rent – czynsz
profit and loss account (AmE maintenance – utrzymanie
income statement) – rachunek
wyników (zysków i strat)

accounts payable – zobowiàzania depreciation (AmE amortization)
auditor – rewident, audytor – amortyzacja; straight line
bankruptcy – bankructwo ~ – amortyzacja liniowa;
to borrow – po˝yczaç (od kogoÊ) declining balance ~
break–even point – próg – amortyzacja degresywna
rentownoÊci insolvency – niewyp∏acalnoÊç
credit – strona „ma”; kredyt; ~ interest – odsetki; ~ rate
rating – zdolnoÊç kredytowa – oprocentowanie
creditor – wierzyciel to lend – po˝yczaç (komuÊ)
debit – strona „winien” loss – strata
debtor – d∏u˝nik mortgage – kredyt hipoteczny
overdraft – debet (na koncie)
Jak to dzia∏a?-
Rodziny wyrazów
S∏ownictwo zwiàzane z finansami zawiera szczególnie du˝o podobnych do

siebie wyrazów o ró˝nych znaczeniach:
account (konto), accounts (dzia∏ ksi´gowoÊci w firmie),
accounting (ksi´gowoÊç), accountant (ksi´gowy),
accountancy (ksi´gowoÊç – zawód)
liability (odpowiedzialnoÊç, zobowiàzanie), liabilities (pasywa,
zobowiàzania), to be liable for sth (odpowiadaç za coÊ)
Accounting and Finance
bankrupt (bankrut, zbankrutowany),

bankruptcy (bankructwo), to go bankrupt (zbankrutowaç)
credit (strona „ma” lub kredyt), creditor (wierzyciel),
creditworthiness (zdolnoÊç kredytowa)
debt (d∏ug), debtor (d∏u˝nik), indebted (zad∏u˝ony),
indebtedness (zad∏u˝enie)
analysis (analiza), analyst (analityk), to analyse (BrE) /
analyze (AmE) (analizowaç)
profit (zysk), profitable (zyskowny), profitably (zyskownie),
profitability (zyskownoÊç)
Wyra˝enia z przyimkami
W j´zyku angielskim cz´sto u˝ywamy szeregu utartych zwrotów

zawierajàcych przyimki:
at: Companies usually know how much money they have at the end of
the year. (Firmy zwykle wiedzà, ile majà pieni´dzy na koniec
roku.)
at first (najpierw), at last (w koƒcu), at least (przynajmniej),

at the moment (teraz), at once (natychmiast),
at sb’s request (na czyjàÊ proÊb´), at work (w pracy),
to be good/bad at sth (byç w czymÊ dobrym/z∏ym)
for: Fixed assets are those needed for company’s operations. (Ârodki
trwa∏e to te, które sà potrzebne do dzia∏alnoÊci firmy.)
for certain (na pewno), for example/instance (na przyk∏ad),

for sale (na sprzeda˝), for the time being (na obecnà chwil´),
the figures for sth (dane dotyczàce czegoÊ), necessary for sth
(niezb´dne do czegoÊ), reason for sth (powód czegoÊ),
to be responsible for sth (byç za coÊ odpowiedzialnym)
in: Much of the information is reported in more detail in the

cash–flow statement. (Wiele informacji jest uj´tych bardziej
szczegó∏owo w sprawozdaniu z przep∏ywu Êrodków.)
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UNIT 23
in advance (z góry), in brief (w skrócie), in comparison with

(w porównaniu z), in debt (zad∏u˝ony), in doubt (w wypadku
wàtpliwoÊci), in exchange for (w zamian za), in fact
(faktycznie), in general (ogólnie), in the long run (na d∏u˝szà
met´), in the meantime (w mi´dzyczasie), in a nutshell
(krótko mówiàc), in particular (szczególnie), in person
(osobiÊcie), in stock (w magazynie, na sk∏adzie), in writing
(pisemnie), an increase / a decrease in sth (wzrost / spadek
czegoÊ), to be interested in sth (byç czymÊ zainteresowanym),
to specialize in sth (specjalizowaç si´ w czymÊ)
on: The costs of labour in Poland are 50% of gross salary on average.
(Koszty pracy w Polsce wynoszà Êrednio 50% pensji brutto.)
on behalf of sb (w czyimÊ imieniu), on business (s∏u˝bowo,

w interesach), on the condition that (pod warunkiem, ˝e), on
demand (na ˝àdanie), on leave (na zwolnieniu), on the phone
(przez telefon), on time (na czas), to insist on sth/sb (nalegaç
na coÊ/kogoÊ), to focus on sth (skupiç si´ na czymÊ), to count
on sth/sb (liczyç na coÊ/kogoÊ)
åwiczenia-
1. Do jakiego rodzaju Êrodków zaliczy firma produkcyjna nast´pujàce

rzeczy i prawa? Wpisz wyra˝enia w odpowiednià kolumn´.
land money in the bank account credits given to customers

factory production line good reputation
patents employees’ knowledge shares in another company
company logo delivery vans
Current assets Fixed assets Intangible assets
Accounting and Finance
2. Uzupe∏nij zdania odpowiednimi s∏owami z ramki.

owe debtor loan interest break–even point
lend revenue maintenance borrow
1. This year we’ve finally reached the ...................., which

means that our ................. is now bigger than our expenses.
2. We pay quite a high ................... on the company credit card.
3. The bank will not ................ us any more money until we’ve
paid back our previous ................. .
4. ................. costs, such as heating, cleaning or rent, should be
as low as possible.
5. Black–Red Ltd. is our greatest ............... . They .................
us more than $40,000.
6. Compact Cosmetics will have to ................. some money to
finance construction of a new factory.
3. Wstaw s∏owa w nawiasach w odpowiedniej formie.
1. I’m not sure about the ..................... of this project. It doesn’t

promise much revenue. (profit)
3. Their total ................... to Devon Corp. is €100,000. (debt)

2. Your .................... shows that it’s a good strategy. (analyse)
4. Our .................. expect us to pay on time. (credit)

5. I’ll ask our ............. to send all necessary documents. (account)
6. Proto Ltd. are very close to .................... – they have almost
no money. (bankrupt)
4. Wstaw odpowiedni przyimek.
1. EU–made textiles are 60% more expensive ....... comparison

with those imported from China.
2. We can agree to these terms ........ the condition that the
contract is made for one year.
3. Pantronix specialize ...... electronic monitoring systems.
4. 98% of all our orders are delivered ...... time.
5. At least $500,000 will be necessary ...... new investments.
6. We’ll despatch your order ....... once.
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UNIT 23
5. Dopasuj rozpocz´te zdania 1–6 do ich dalszych cz´Êci a–f.
1. We need to ask our bank a. the meantime, we’re going to

2. Key Black Inc. actively upgrade our software.
invests in Central Europe, for b. in getting a government
3. All companies need to contract next year.
monitor their accounts c. debts and may go bankrupt
4. We want to buy new soon.
computers next year, but in d. example in Poland.
5. Adagio has problems e. to lend us more money.
re–paying their f. receivable to make sure they
6. Quick Job Ltd. is interested get paid what is due.
Accountant Jokes
Dowcipy o ksi´gowych sà jednymi z najcz´Êciej opowiadanych
dowcipów o grupach zawodowych. Próbka poni˝ej, a t∏umaczenie
w kluczu :–)
An accountant is having a hard time sleeping and goes to see his doctor.
– Doctor, I just can’t get to sleep at night.
– Have you tried counting sheep?
– That’s the problem – I make a mistake and then spend three
hours trying to find it.
Q: Why accountants don’t read novels?

A: Because the only numbers in them are page numbers.
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
Odpowiedê: Bo jedyne liczby, jakie si´ tam pojawiajà to numery stron.
pomyl´, potrzebuj´ trzech godzin, ˝eby ustaliç gdzie”. Pytanie: Dlaczego ksi´gowi nie czytajà powieÊci?
doktorze, nie mog´ zasnàç”. „Czy próbowa∏ Pan liczyç owce?”. „W∏aÊnie w tym problem – kiedy si´
4a 5c 6b Accountant Jokes. Ksi´gowy ma problemy z zaÊnićiem i idzie do lekarza. „Panie
creditors 5 accountant 6 bankruptcy 4. 1 in 2 on 3 in 4 on 5 for 6 at 5. 1e 2d 3f
maintenance 5 debtor, owe 6 borrow 3. 1 profitability 2 analysis 3 debt / indebtedness 4
knowledge, patents, good reputation 2. 1 break–even point, revenue 2 interest 3 lend, loan 4
Fixed assets: land, factory, production line, delivery vans; Intangible assets: company logo, employees’
1. Current assets: money in the bank account, credits given to customers, shares in another company;
1. cancelled/appointments/business/are/often/to/urgent/due/classes
2. please/me/questions/any/if/to contact/do not/have/you/hesitate
3. them/documents/signing/he/before/reads/always
4. from/deduct/you/security/income/social/contributions/can/your/your
5. I/my/online/tax/been/for/returns/years/filing/have/three
6. with/have/careful/security/been/should/we/more
7. of/a/number/the investors/across/problems/came/bureaucratic
8. shares/debt/in/for/their/to/we/agreed/Abaco’s/reduce/exchange
1. The performance reviews 5. I wouldn’t recommend .........

.............. every year. business with them – they’re
a. are carried out nearly bankrupt.
b. are being carried out a. do b. to do
c. carry out c. doing d. did
d. will carry out
6. We acknowledge ........ of your
2. If you buy something for 100 PLN letter from 19 May 2006.
and you sell it for 120 PLN, a. receipt b. receive
then your .......... is 20 PLN. c. recipe d. received
a. investment b. cost
c. margin d. loss 7. Everybody ...... pay their taxes
on time.
3. We need to reduce the number a. has to b. have to
of staff. ............., it will be c. need d. needn’t
difficult to raise salaries.
a. Otherwise b. Generally 8. Our company has been making
c. Consequently textiles ......... 1999.
d. Due to the fact that a. for b. in
c. until d. since
4. He agreed ........ our business
proposal. 9. Tax ...... is a serious crime.
a. reconsidering b. to reconsider a. avoidance b. office
c. reconsider d. reconsideration c. audit d. evasion
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UNIT 24
10.Proto Co. were fined because 13.We’ll soon be in ........ if we

they ................. to pay their don’t cut production costs.
tax on time. a. debt b. debtor
a. forget b. were forgotten c. debit d. indebted
c. have forgotten
d. had forgotten 14.It’s a great product, but it’s not
very ............... .
11.Somebody .............. these a. profitably b. profit
documents, because I can’t c. profitability
find them anywhere. d. profitable
a. must steal b. must stole
c. must have stolen 15.The sales forecast was
d. must have been stolen pessimistic, but ............ the
end, we broke even very
12.The deal didn’t come .... because quickly.
the management opposed it. a. on b. for
a. off b. up c. in d. at
c. up with d. down
3. Krzy˝ówka. 1
2
1. Przypominaç sobie. 3
2. Call off.
4
3. The amount of money
you have to pay for 5
something. 6
4. Sieç.
7
8
5. Faktura. 6. Zwrot pieni´dzy. 7. Change of brand. 8. Bankructwo.
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
Krzy˝ówka has∏o: recovery (recall, cancel, price, network, invoice, refund, rebranding, bankruptcy)
exchange for their shares. 2. 1a 2c 3a 4b 5c 6a 7a 8d 9d 10d 11c 12a 13a 14d 15c
came across a number of bureaucratic problems. 8. We agreed to reduce Abaco’s debt in
returns online for three years. 6. We should have been more careful with security. 7. The investors
You can deduct your social security contributions from your income. 5. I have been filing my tax
to contact me if you have any questions. 3. He always reads documents before signing them. 4.
1. 1. Classes are often cancelled due to urgent business appointments. 2. Please do not hesitate
25. The Stock Exchange:
Bears and bulls
21 The Warsaw Stock Exchange saw another day of spectacular growth
today. After two weeks of falls followed by a steady recovery at the
last five sessions, it appears that the bear market has definitely
ended and share prices are to rocket again. The main indexes will
still take some time to draw near their record highs, but investors
are generally optimistic about the continuation of the rising trend.
There were a few disappointments today as well. Telecoms and IT

companies did not perform as expected by analysts. Only Tele7
finished the day with an insignificant gain of 0.3% while ITPlus,
the other key player in the Polish telecom market, lost 1.4%. The
shares of some smaller IT companies were traded at high volume
again, which is a clear indication of ongoing speculative activities.
There is little predictability in the IT sector at the moment, and
few stock market players are willing to take the risk of buying
shares which may turn out to be a poor investment.
Shareholders of petroleum companies were particularly pleased

when NPC’s financial report for the past quarter was released.
Rising prices for crude oil worldwide and an expensive dollar were
the main factors behind NPC’s impressive profits, which have
almost doubled in comparison with the similar period last year.
The company’s management had announced earlier that at least 50%
of the profit will be paid out as dividends. As a result, NPC’s share
price jumped by 5% and other petroleum companies followed suit.
Tomorrow’s session will almost certainly open with WIG–20 above

today’s closing level. Transactions should be planned carefully, as
the market may need a little time to consolidate after today’s
growths.
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UNIT 25
S∏ownictwo-
growth – wzrost crude oil – ropa naftowa
fall – spadek worldwide – na Êwiecie
steady recovery – stopniowy po- impressive – imponujàce
wrót do poprzednich poziomów to double – podwoiç
bear market – bessa, rynek to pay out – wyp∏aciç
niedêwiedzia dividend – dywidenda
share price – cena akcji to jump – podskoczyç
to rocket – skoczyç do góry to follow suit – zrobiç tak samo
index (pl. indexes, indices) insignificant gain – nieznaczny
– indeks gie∏dowy zysk
to draw near sth – zbli˝yç si´ to trade – handlowaç, obracaç
do czegoÊ papierami wartoÊciowymi
record high – najwy˝sza cena volume – wolumen
w historii clear indication – wyraêny
high value – du˝e iloÊci (akcji) znak
investor – inwestor ongoing speculative activities
rising trend – trend wzrostowy – trwajàca spekulacja
shareholder (AmE stockholder) predictability – przewidywalnoÊç
– akcjonariusz stock market player – gracz
petroleum companies – spó∏ki gie∏dowy
paliwowe closing level – poziom
quarter – kwarta∏ zamknićia
to release – tu: opublikowaç to consolidate – skonsolidowaç

acquisition – przejćie plumet – dramatycznie straciç
bull market – hossa, rynek byka na wartoÊci
bonds – obligacje merger – fuzja
demand – popyt price–earning (P/E) ratio
derivatives – instrumenty – wskaênik cena/zysk (C/Z)
pochodne, derywaty option – opcja, prawo; call ~
drop – spadek cen – opcja kupna; put ~ – opcja
forecast – prognoza sprzeda˝y;
futures contract – transakcja stockbroker – makler gie∏dowy
terminowa supply – poda˝
takeover – przejćie
The Stock Exchange: Bears and bulls
Jak to dzia∏a?-
Opisywanie zmian
WZROST
– The Warsaw Stock Exchange saw another day of growth today.
(Kolejny dzieƒ na warszawskiej gie∏dzie przyniós∏ wzrosty.)
– Prices are to rocket again. (Ceny znów skoczà do góry.)
– The index will continue to rise. (Indeks b´dzie nadal wzrasta∏.)
– Profits have doubled. (Zyski zosta∏y podwojone.)
– NPC’s share price jumped by 5%. (Cena akcji NPC skoczy∏a o 5%.)
– Sales went up by 10%. (Sprzeda˝ wzros∏a o 10%).
– Inflation peaked at 251%. (Inflacja osiàgn´∏a szczyt przy 251%.)
– The unemployment rate has increased to 8%. (Stopa bezrobocia
wzros∏a do 8%.)
SPADEK
– After two weeks of falls, the bear market has ended. (Po dwóch
tygodniach spadków zakoƒczy∏ si´ rynek niedêwiedzia.)
– ITPlus lost 1.4%. (ITPlus straci∏ 1.4%.)
– XYZ’s share price plummeted when the company announced job
cuts. (Akcje XYZ pikowa∏y po og∏oszeniu redukcji zatrudnienia.)
– ABS’s total debt decreased to $3m. (¸àczny d∏ug ABS
zmniejszy∏ si´ do 3 mln dolarów.)
– Consumer spending dropped to a ten year low. (Konsumpcja
spad∏a do poziomu najni˝szego od dekady.)
– Profits have declined by 30%. (Zyski zmniejszy∏y si´ o 30%.)
BRAK ZMIAN
– The main index stabilized at 44,260 points. (G∏ówny indeks
ustabilizowa∏ si´ na poziomie 44 260 punktów.)
– Oil prices have remained stable over the past few weeks.
(Ceny ropy pozosta∏y stabilne przez ostatnie kilka tygodni.)
Rzeczownik
Wiele czasowników opisujàcych zmiany ma równie˝ formy rzeczownikowe:

to increase – an increase, to rise – a rise, to gain – a gain,
to grow – growth, to peak – peak
to decrease – a decrease, to fall – a fall, to drop – a drop,
to decline – a decline, to lose – a loss
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UNIT 25
other, the other, another
S∏owo another oznacza „kolejny” lub „inny”. U˝ywamy go tylko przed

rzeczownikami policzalnymi w liczbie pojedynczej:
– The stock exchange saw another day of growth. (Na gie∏dzie
by∏ kolejny dzieƒ wzrostów.)
– We’ll have to find another person to replace him. (B´dziemy
musieli poszukaç innej osoby, która go zastàpi.)
Other u˝ywamy przed rzeczownikami w liczbie mnogiej:
Other petroleum companies followed suit. (Inne spó∏ki paliwowe
zrobi∏y tak samo.)
The other wskazuje na istnienie tylko dwóch rzeczy lub osób:
ITPlus, the other key player in the telecom market, lost 1.4%.
(ITPlus, drugi z du˝ych graczy na rynku telekomów, straci∏ 1.4%)
a little – little, a few – few
Little („ma∏o”, „niewiele”) i a little („troch´”) u˝ywamy przed

rzeczownikami niepoliczalnymi:
– There is little predictability in the IT sector. (Sektor IT jest
ma∏o przewidywalny.)
– The market may need a little time to consolidate. (Rynek mo˝e
potrzebowaç troch´ czasu na konsolidacj´.)
Few („ma∏o”, „niewiele”) i a few („troch´”, „kilka”) u˝ywamy przed
rzeczownikami w liczbie mnogiej:
– Few stock market players are willing to take risk. (Niewielu
graczy gie∏dowych jest sk∏onnych podjàç ryzyko.)
– There were a few disappointments today as well. (DziÊ by∏o
równie˝ kilka rozczarowaƒ.)
åwiczenia-
1. Wpisz w luki odpowiednie s∏owa z ramki.
shareholders merger high index

bull market dividend released
The Stock Exchange: Bears and bulls
1. When share prices start to rise, everybody believes that

a ............................ has begun.
2. Two of the leading telecom companies have just announced
a ........................ .
3. The main .................... reached the record ............... of
40,000 points today.
4. The board has decided to pay out $0.75 ................ per share.
5. Azade’s .................... were disappointed when the company’s
quarterly report was ...................... .
2. Uzupe∏nij zdania z komentarza gie∏dowego s∏owami, które opisujà

zmian´. Pierwsza litera ka˝dego s∏owa zosta∏a podana.
1. Animi’s share price p................... today from £46.75 to

£41.17 – a spectacular d.................. of more than 10% !
2. Genie’s profits almost d................. from $15m last year to
$29m this year.
3. Taal’s share price r.................. fairly s.................... with no
dramatic changes.
4. There was a slight d..................... in the total transaction
volume, as investors are unwilling to trade now.
5. We predict that indexes will j.................. again tomorrow.
3. Wybierz poprawnà odpowiedê w ka˝dym ze zdaƒ.
1. BZK’s shares probably won’t (go up / decrease / plummet)

anymore – they are already overpriced.
2. There will be (an increase / a gain / a loss) in taxes next year.
3. Inflation has (risen / remained stable / declined) at 2.1% on
average over the past 12 months.
4. Investors are afraid that they might (gain / lose / drop) money
5. The minimum salary (will peak / will grow / will rise) to €900
if the bear market continues.
in three years.
4. Wstaw other, the other lub another.
1. It appears that this will be ................. year without profits.

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UNIT 25
2. Only TGI’s computers are still made in Germany –

.................... manufacturers have moved to Taiwan.
3. There are only two certain things in life – one is death, .........
is taxes.
4. His strategy didn’t work – we’ll have to look for ......... solution.
5. Unlike the plummeting shares of ................. banking
companies, Kagana plc declined by just 0.3%.
5. Wstaw little, a little, few lub a few.
1. There is ....... hope for improvement in the economy at the moment.

2. I have .................... questions about this plan.
3. ....................... people work for one company during their
whole life today.
4. I need ..................... more money to set up my own business.
5. Martin’s got ...................... interesting ideas for the new
advertising campaign – let’s listen to him.
Insider trading
Gra na gie∏dzie to nie tylko zyski, lecz tak˝e ryzyko strat. Czasem,
dzi´ki informacji uzyskanej od zaufanych osób ze spó∏ki gie∏dowej,
mo˝na szybko kupiç lub sprzedaç papiery wartoÊciowe tak, by zdà-
˝yç przed zmianà kursu na mniej korzystny. Praktyka ta nazywa si´
insider trading, jest nielegalna i wysoce nieetyczna. W Êrodowisku
maklerów amerykaƒskich krà˝y dowcip o tym, jak makler wype∏nia
kwestionariusz ubiegajàc si´ o nowà prac´. Na pytanie Have you ever
been arrested? („Czy kiedykolwiek by∏ Pan aresztowany?”) odpowiada
negatywnie, po czym w kolejnym punkcie – Why? („Dlaczego”)
pisze: Never got caught (Nie z∏apali mnie jeszcze).
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
4 another 5 other 5. 1 little 2 a few 3 Few 4 a little 5 a few

1 go up 2 an increase 3 remained stable 4 lose 5 will rise 4. 1 another 2 other 3 the other
drop (decrease, decline) 2 doubled 3 remained fairly stable 4 decrease (decline) 5 jump 3.
1. 1 bull market 2 merger 3 index, high 4 dividend 5 shareholders, released 2. 1 plummeted,
26. Competition: No. 1
22 No. 1 is a Polish manufacturer of top quality men’s and women’s
clothing accessories. Their strong market position is now threatened
by NewStyle, an international textile brand, who have just
announced their plans to expand into Poland. Hanna and Pawe∏,
No. 1’s marketing executives, are talking about the appearance of
the new competitor.
HANNA: Pawe∏ – let’s face it. We’re in for a price war very soon and
NewStyle might drive us out of the market.
PAWE¸: Price, price... Price isn’t the most important thing.
Remember that we sell quality products, and already we’re
successfully competing with other manufacturers.
HANNA: Doesn’t it worry you, then, that in each country NewStyle
have entered so far, they swept away nearly all local
manufacturers? Quality accessories manufacturers, mind
you.
PAWE¸: They have strong bargaining power all right, but No. 1 is
not a fly–by–night company either. Besides, NewStyle don’t
sell any upper–shelf products, whereas for us they generate
80% of the revenue.
HANNA: Still, if they wanted to edge us out of business, it would be
a piece of cake. What I mean is, we have to be prepared.
PAWE¸: Yes. NewStyle have trade agreements with every major
clothes distributor in Western Europe. That’s not good.
HANNA: And in every shop where they placed their products, the
sales of other brands went down by 50% on average.
PAWE¸: Hmm... We need to act quickly. How about making a
splash with a new medium priced line of accessories? That
way we’ll expand our customer base and protect ourselves
from NewStyle’s aggressive marketing.
HANNA: A pre–emptive strike? I like the idea. Do you think we
could...
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UNIT 26
S∏ownictwo-
clothing accessories – dodatki bargaining power – „karta
do ubraƒ przetargowa”
to threaten – zagra˝aç fly–by–night company
appearance – pojawienie si´ – „firma–krzak”
competitor – konkurent upper–shelf products
let’s face it – spójrzmy prawdzie – produkty z górnej pó∏ki
w oczy to edge sb out of business
we’re in for sth – czeka nas coÊ – „wygryêç” kogoÊ z interesu
price war – wojna cenowa a piece of cake – (dos∏.) „bu∏ka
to drive sb out of the market z mas∏em”, „pestka”
– wyprzeç kogoÊ z rynku to make a splash – zrobiç ha∏as
to compete – konkurowaç wokó∏ czegoÊ
doesn’t it worry you... – a czy customer base – klientela
nie martwi ci´, ˝e... to protect – chroniç
to sweep away sb – wymiataç pre–emptive strike
kogoÊ (tu: z rynku) – „uderzenie wyprzedzajàce”

benefits – korzyÊci
competition – konkurencja; fierce ~ – zaci´ta konkurencja; stiff ~ –
silna konkurencja; unfair ~ – nieuczciwa konkurencja; healthy
~ – zdrowa konkurencja; to fight off ~ – zwalczaç konkurencj´
competitive advantage – cecha wyró˝niajàca produkt lub firm´ od
konkurencji
to customize – dopasowaç do indywidualnych potrzeb
to differentiate – odró˝niaç si´
to dominate – (z)dominowaç
focus group – grupa focusowa
monopolist – monopolista
niche market – rynek niszowy
to beat sb in sth – pobiç kogoÊ w czymÊ
Competition: No. 1
Jak to dzia∏a?-
Drugi tryb warunkowy
Drugi tryb warunkowy wyra˝a sytuacje nieprawdziwe lub ma∏o prawdopodobne.

Tworzymy go przy pomocy czasu Simple Past (do wyra˝enia warunku)
oraz konstrukcji would + bezokolicznik (do wyra˝enia ewentualnego skutku).
Porównaj:
If they wanted to edge us out of business, it would be a piece
of cake. (Je˝eli chcieliby nas „wygryêç” z interesu, by∏aby to
dla nich pestka.) – raczej nie majà takiego zamiaru.
If they want to edge us out of business, it will be a piece of
cake. (Je˝eli chcà nas „wygryêç” z interesu, b´dzie to dla nich
pestka.) – najwyraêniej rzeczywiÊcie majà taki zamiar.
Uwaga: po if cz´sto u˝ywamy formy were czasownika to be, nawet

w pierwszej i trzeciej osobie liczby pojedynczej:
If I were rich, I would buy a Ferrari. (Gdybym by∏ bogaty,

kupi∏bym Ferrari.)
each, every, all
each („ka˝dy z osobna”) i every („ka˝dy z grupy”) u˝ywamy przed rzeczow-

nikami w l. poj. w wi´kszoÊci wypadków bez wi´kszej ró˝nicy w znaczeniu:
– In each/every country NewStyle have entered... (W ka˝dym
kraju, gdzie pojawi∏ si´ NewStyle...)
– In each/every shop where they placed their products...
(W ka˝dym sklepie, w którym umieÊcili swoje produkty...)
przy dwóch osobach lub rzeczach u˝ywamy tylko each:

– He was holding suitcases with cash in each hand. (W ka˝dej
rće mia∏ walizk´ z pieni´dzmi.)
z practically, almost, nearly przed rzeczownikiem w l. poj. u˝ywamy

tylko every:
– Nearly every person in the room spoke English. (Prawie ka˝dy
w pokoju mówi∏ po angielsku.)
160
UNIT 26
przed okreÊleniami cz´stotliwoÊci w l. mn. u˝ywamy every:

– The board meets every two weeks. (Zarzàd spotyka si´ co dwa
tygodnie.)
przed rzeczownikami w l. mn. u˝ywamy all („wszyscy”) lub each of

(„ka˝dy z”):
– They swept away nearly all local manufacturers. („Wymietli”
prawie wszystkich lokalnych producentów.)
– Each of the participants got a certificate. (Ka˝dy z uczestników
otrzyma∏ certyfikat.)
Wyra˝enia potoczne z czasownikiem be:
We are in for a price war. (Czeka nas wojna cenowa.)

I am in with the manager. (Jestem w Êwietnych stosunkach
z szefem.)
Plain, conservative suits are in again. (Proste, klasyczne
garnitury znów sà w modzie.)
He’s been into industrial psychology for years. (Interesowa∏ si´
psychologià pracy od lat.)
Martin is not up for new challenges. (Martin nie jest
przygotowany na nowe wyzwania.)
It’s up to you. (Decyzja nale˝y do ciebie.)
I was about to leave. (W∏aÊnie mia∏em wyjÊç.)
åwiczenia-
1. Uzupe∏nij luki wyra˝eniami z ramki.
competitive customer base niche market unfair

price war sweep upper–shelf
1. The two companies were involved in a ....................., each

trying to sell cheaper than the other.
2. Vegetarian restaurants are still a ..................... in Poland –
there aren’t many of them yet here.
Competition: No. 1
3. If Zanzaco enters Hungary, they will ..................... away local
4. AP Telecom was fined €3m for ........................ competition.

companies.
5. Swiss watches, expensive perfumes and luxury cars are

........................ products.
6. The appearance of A4 will force other telecommunication
companies to be more ........................ .
7. Emdi’s acquisition of Beez Ltd will help them to expand their
............................ .
2. Dopasuj fragmenty 1–5 do a–e, aby utworzyç sensowne wypowiedzi.
1. If I accepted their job offer,

2. If they asked for details,
3. If a third company entered the market,
4. If we invested in the Asian market,
5. If ANG moved to China,
a. my boss would be very angry that I’m leaving.

b. about five thousand workers would lose their jobs.
c. the near–monopoly of Alpha and Beta would be broken.
d. we would have to admit that we don’t know.
e. the annual gains would be no lower than 30%.
3. Uzupe∏nij luki w zdaniach odpowiednimi formami czasowników

w nawiasach tak, by powsta∏y zdania w drugim trybie warunkowym.
1. I ..................... (employ) more people if labour costs

.................. (be) lower.
2. If they .................... (work) harder, they .................... (earn)
more money.
3. Perhaps we .................... (make) a deal if they ...................
(agree) to lower the price.
4. If my mobile phone ..................... (be stolen), I ..................
(lose) all my customer contacts.
5. I ................... (be able) to get a better–paid job if I ...............
(speak) fluent English.
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UNIT 26
4. Each, each of, every czy all?
1. The boss congratulated .................. the employees separately.

2. Nearly ................... company today has a website.
3. The reports should be submitted .................. two weeks.
4. There were cars parked on ................ side of the street.
5. ............... employee in our company had to undergo a training
on company culture.
6. ................ our sales representatives have company laptops.
5. Wstaw w luki czasownik be w odpowiednim czasie wraz z przyimkami.
1. I ............... new trends in marketing – it’s really fascinating.

2. It ................. him to take the final decision.
3. The Bahamas .......... again as the most stylish holiday destination.
4. I ................. call my boss, when he entered the office.
5. I used to ................. the previous HR director, but the new one
doesn’t like me at all.
6. I have to ................. work 10 hours a day or else they won’t
give me the job.
If...
Co robiç w pracy? Zale˝y, co si´ dzieje :–) T∏umaczenie w
kluczu. 5. If it’s the boss, look busy.
1. If it rings, put it on hold. 6. If it talks, take notes.
2. If it clanks, call the repairman. 7. If it’s handwritten, type it.
3. If it whistles, ignore it. 8. if it’s typed, copy it.
4. If it’s a friend, stop work and chat. 9. If it’s copied, file it.
10. If it’s Friday, forget it!
– skopiuj 9 JeÊli jest skopiowane – w∏ó˝ do segregatora 10 JeÊli jest piàtek – daj sobie spokój!
7 JeÊli jest to napisane rćznie – przepisz na maszynie 8 JeÊli jest napisane na maszynie
znajomy – przerwij prac´ i pogadaj 5 JeÊli to szef – wyglàdaj na zaj´tego 6 JeÊli si´ mówi – rób notatki
telefon, niech zaczeka 2 JeÊli brzćzy – zawo∏aj mechania 3 JeÊli gwi˝d˝e – gwi˝d˝ na to 4 JeÊli to
6 all 5. 1 am into 2 is up to 3 are in 4 was about to 5 be in with 6 be up for If... 1 JeÊli to
stolen, would lose 5 would be able, spoke 4. 1 each of 2 every 3 every 4 each 5 every/each
2. 1a 2d 3c 4e 5b 3. 1 would employ, were 2 worked, would earn 3 would make, agreed 4 were/was
1 price war 2 niche market 3 sweep 4 unfair 5 upper–shelf 6 competitive 7 customer base
Klucz do çwiczeƒ1.
27. E–commerce:
Trendy T’s online
23 PRESENTER: Hello and welcome to this edition of Your Turn, a
programme where entrepreneurs talk about their ideas
for business. Our guest today is Lee, a fashion designer
who decided to start selling his designs online. Lee, we’d
like to know more about how you run your e–business.
LEE: Sure. We’re like any other boutique. Our customers can
easily access the on–line catalogue where they browse
through the items we offer and put those they want to
buy in a virtual shopping cart. Once they’re done, they
log in to their account and proceed with payment...
PRESENTER: Oh, yes – I was wondering if on–line transactions are
really secure. I mean, personally, I’d be afraid to reveal
my credit card number on the Internet...
LEE: It’s absolutely safe. Card transactions are processed by a
specialized company so fraud is practically a non–issue.
PRESENTER: And what if the customer gets his or her order and it
turns out the T–shirt doesn’t fit or something else?
LEE: Yeah, that is indeed what puts very many people off
from buying clothes online. Our customers can return the
goods within 14 days from purchase for any reason.
PRESENTER: All right, so tell us how you encourage them to go online
and buy from you? Is Internet advertising much different
from advertising in other media?
LEE: I’d say it’s more or less the same. There are no hoardings
or TV–commercials, but there are banners and short
movie clips which can be played in pop–up windows.
The problem is that such ads are perceived as being even
more annoying than spam, so we must...
S∏ownictwo-
entrepreneur – przedsi´biorca to access the on–line catalogue
fashion designer – projektant – uzyskaç dost´p do
mody katalogu online
to browse – przeglàdaç
164
UNIT 27
virtual shopping cart indeed – w rzeczy samej

– wirtualny koszyk na zakupy it puts people off from buying
Once they’re done – kiedy – to zniechća ludzi do
skoƒczà (przeglàdaç katalog) kupowania
to log in – zalogowaç si´ purchase – zakup
account – konto encourage – zachćaç
payment – p∏atnoÊç more or less– mniej wićej
secure – bezpieczne the same – tak samo, taki sam
I’d be afraid to reveal my hoardings (AmE billboards)
credit card number – billboardy
– Ba∏abym si´ ujawniaç TV–commercials – reklamy
numer mojej karty kredytowej telewizyjne
to process – przetwarzaç, banners – bannery
obs∏ugiwaç short movie clips – krótkie
fraud is practically a klipy wideo
non–issue – oszustwo jest pop–up windows – okienka
praktycznie wykluczone wyskakujàce na ekranie
it turns out that annoying – denerwujàce
– okazuje si´, ˝e

authentication – autoryzacja
broadband / dial–up connection – ∏àcze szerokopasmowe / modemowe
data storage – przechowywanie danych
database – baza danych
date of expiry – data wygaÊnićia wa˝noÊci (konta, karty)
digital signature – podpis cyfrowy
to download – pobieraç informacje, „Êciàgaç” pliki
encryption – kodowanie
file – plik
homepage – strona g∏ówna
international delivery – dostawa mi´dzynarodowa
Internet Service Provider (ISP) – dostawca us∏ug internetowych
to link – ∏àczyç
password – has∏o
E – c o m m e r c e : Tr e n d y T ’ s o n l i n e
shipping and handling fee – op∏ata za pakowanie i transport

server – serwer
subscription – abonament
user name – nazwa u˝ytkownika
Jak to dzia∏a?-
Zwroty poprzedzajàce pytania
Zadawane pytania mo˝emy poprzedziç zwrotami typu Could you tell me...?
(„Czy móg∏by mi pan powiedzieç...”), I’d like to know... („Chcia∏bym wie-
dzieç...”), po których wyst´puje szyk zdania oznajmujàcego, nie pytajàcego:
We’d like to know more about how you run your e–business
– nie: how do you run (ChcielibyÊmy si´ dowiedzieç, jak
prowadzisz swój e–biznes).
All right, so tell us how you encourage people to buy from you
– nie: how do you encourage (No dobrze, a powiedz nam, jak
zachćasz ludzi, by kupowali u ciebie.)
Mo˝emy u˝yç s∏ówek if oraz whether w znaczeniu „czy”:

I was wondering if (whether) on–line transactions are really
secure. (Zastanawia∏am si´, czy transakcje on–line sà naprawd´
bezpieczne.)
Akcentowanie kwestii
Wiele zdaƒ mo˝emy rozpoczàç zwrotami, które podkreÊlà znaczenie jakiejÊ

kwestii, osoby lub zdarzenia:
That is what puts very many people off from buying on–line.
(To w∏aÊnie zniechća wielu ludzi do zakupów on–line.)
The problem is such ads are perceived even more annoying than
spam. (Problem w tym, ˝e takie reklamy sà odbierane jako
jeszcze bardziej irytujàce ni˝ spam.)
It is Lee who is responsible for day–to–day management.
(To Lee zajmuje si´ zarzàdzaniem na co dzieƒ.)
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UNIT 27
It is the lack of good consumer service that chiefly disturbs

visitors to our website. (To brak dobrej obs∏ugi klienta najcz´Êciej
przeszkadza odwiedzajàcym naszà stron´.)
Po niektórych tego typu zwrotach wyst´puje zamiana miejscami podmiotu

i operatora. Oto najcz´stsze zwroty tego rodzaju:
Not only did he work as a fashion designer, but he was a successful
entrepreneur as well. (Nie tylko pracowa∏ jako projektant mody,
lecz by∏ tak˝e przedsi´biorcà, który odniós∏ sukces.)
Under no circumstances would he reveal his trade secrets.
(W ˝adnych okolicznoÊciach nie zdradzi∏by swoich sekretów
Rarely are their prices higher than €100 per any one item.
handlowych.)
(Rzadko ich ceny sà wy˝sze ni˝ €100.)

No sooner had he launched his e–store than his competitors
followed suit. (Jak tylko uruchomi∏ swój e–sklep, jego
konkurenci od razu zrobili to samo.)
åwiczenia-
1. Uzupe∏nij luki w zdaniach wyrazami z ramki.
processed subscription access file account

download digital signature expired browse
1. Oh no! My e–mail ................... ...................... because I

forgot to pay for my ......................... on time! Now all my
e–mails are lost!
2. To .................... the on–line catalogue, simply click on ’e–shop’
on the homepage.
3. All orders placed on this website are ................. within
3 hours and despatched as soon as possible.
4. If you do not want to ............... the catalogue on–line, you can
............ it as a PDF .............. and print it out or save to disk.
5. Our company issues electronic invoices which are protected by
a special ........................ .
E – c o m m e r c e : Tr e n d y T ’ s o n l i n e
2. Dopasuj definicje 1–5 do wyra˝eƒ a–e.
1. a secret code to access e.g. your e–mail account

2. a link between your computer and the Internet over a telephone line
3. small graphic element containing an advert
4. converting the message into a secret code
5. any collection of data, e.g. a shop catalogue
a. encryption d. password
b. dial–up connection e. banner
c. database
3. Dokoƒcz poni˝sze przekszta∏cenia zdaƒ.
1. Can I pay with VISA Electron on this website?

I wonder ............................................................................ .
2. How much do you charge for an e–mail account?
I’d like to know .................................................................. .
3. Are there many people who buy clothes on–line?
Does anyone know ............................................................. ?
4. What is the least expensive e–bookshop?
Can you tell me ................................................................. ?
5. When will they launch their new homepage?
Can you remember ..............................................................?
4. Dokoƒcz poni˝sze zdania tak, by po∏o˝yç nacisk na wskazane elemnty.
1. Internet shops attract many people because of low prices.

It is low prices ........................................................ as well .
2. He is a web designer. He is also a successful company owner.
Not only ............................................................................. .
3. You shouldn’t use your credit card PIN code on the Internet.
Under no circumstances ...................................................... .
4. Our customers sometimes return what they bought, but not often.
Rarely ................................................................................ .
5. Peter is in charge of website security.
It is Peter ........................................................................... .
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UNIT 27
5. W ka˝dym z poni˝szych zdaƒ jest jeden b∏àd. Znajdê go i popraw.
1. I like to know who I should get in touch with.

2. Tell me what did you buy online in the last 3 months.
3. Under no circumstances I will reveal my credit card number on
the Internet.
4. Only do they sell computers, but they manufacture them as
well.
5. It is the fast delivery who is the most important thing for many
of our customers.
FunUSB.com
W Internecie mamy mo˝liwoÊç zakupu ró˝nego rodzaju off–beat
gadgets (gad˝etów–dziwolàgów), które trudno sprzedaç w trady-
cyjny sposób w sklepie. Na stronie www.funusb.com znajduje si´
przeglàd najoryginalniejszych urzàdzeƒ, które mo˝emy pod∏àczyç
do komputerowego portu USB: USB heating seat pad (podgrzewa-
na poduszka do siedzenia), USB noodle strainer (sitko do makaro-
nu), USB pencil sharpener (temperówka do o∏ówków), USB air
darts (biurowe mini–rakiety powietrzne – zestaw zawiera obroto-
wà wyrzutni´ i software do kontroli kàta nachylenia i si∏y
wystrza∏u), USB ashtray (popielniczka – zasysa i filtruje dym
z papierosa), heated USB gloves and slippers (podgrzewane
r´kawiczki i kapcie) i inne równie ciekawe akcesoria.
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
... 4 Not only do they sell... 5 It is the fast delivery that is
5. 1 I’d like to know... 2 Tell me what you bought online... 3 Under no circumstances will I reveal
customers return what they bought 5 who is in charge of website security
company owner. 3 should you use your credit card PIN code on the Internet 4 do our
4. 1 that attract many people to Internet shops. 2 is he a web designer, but a successful
4 what the least expensive e–bookshop is 5 when they will launch their new homepage?
2 how much you charge for an e–mail account 3 if there are many people who buy clothes online
digital signature 2. 1 d 2 b 3 e 4 a 5 c 3. 1 if I can pay with VISA Electron on this website
1. 1 account, expired, subscription 2 access 3 processed 4 browse, download, file 5
28. Law: the old witch
24 Micha∏ works for a law firm in Poznaƒ. He’s just had a heated
argument with his boss, who accused him of losing a case that was
hopeless anyway. When he was leaving her office, she also hurled a
few insults at him that were heard by his client. Micha∏ is now
talking to his colleague about the incident.
MICHA¸: This is unbearable. She is completely ignorant about

criminal law and cannot even set out arguments in a
coherent way.
ANDRZEJ: What did she tell you exactly?
MICHA¸: She said that I had overlooked an important piece of
evidence in court. The point is, it was completely irrelevant.
ANDRZEJ: I had the same problem with her a month ago. When I tried
to explain one of my cases, she said I was ranting at her.
MICHA¸: The old witch. She’s got inferiority complex.
ANDRZEJ: You’d better keep that to yourself. Marek once ridiculed her
behind her back, but she somehow got to know about it.
The following day, she threatened to sack Marek if he
didn’t accept a pay cut.
MICHA¸: She’s a tyrant who cannot tell the difference between an
employee and a slave. If she goes on like this, the police
will charge her with mobbing one day!
ANDRZEJ: Well, there isn’t much you can do, is there? You won’t go
on strike.
MICHA¸: It’s pointless trying to change her. I’m going to find a job
with someone else.
ANDRZEJ: Micha∏... how about a small rebellion? Let everybody hand
in their notices on the same day, then we’ll steal as many
clients as possible, and set up our own law firm?
S∏ownictwo-
law firm – kancelaria prawna to accuse sb of sth– oskar˝yç
heated argument – burzliwa kogoÊ o coÊ
k∏ótnia case – tu: sprawa sàdowa
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UNIT 28
to hurl insults at sb – rzucaç You’d better keep that to

na kogoÊ obelgi yourself – Lepiej zachowaj
unbearable – nie do zniesienia to dla siebie
criminal law – prawo karne to ridicule sb – wyÊmiaç kogoÊ
to set out sth – przedstawiç coÊ to threaten – zagroziç
in a coherent way – spójnie to sack sb – wyrzuciç kogoÊ
to overlook – przeoczyç z pracy
evidence – dowód pay cut – obni˝ka pensji
court – sàd tyrant – tyran
irrelevant – bez zwiàzku slave – niewolnik
to rant at sb – ubli˝aç komuÊ to charge sb with sth
witch – wiedêma – oskar˝yç kogoÊ o coÊ
inferiority complex – kompleks to go on strike – zastrajkowaç
ni˝szoÊci to hand in notice – wrćzyç
wymówienie
to set up – za∏o˝yç (firm´)
PRAWO I SÑDY:
code – kodeks; labour ~ – kodeks pracy; criminal ~ – kodeks karny
counsel – adwokat; ~ for the prosecution – oskar˝yciel; ~ for the
defence – obroƒca
defendant – oskar˝ony (w sprawie karnej), pozwany (w sprawie
cywilnej)
law – prawo; to break the ~ – z∏amaç prawo; to stay within the ~
– dzia∏aç zgodnie z prawem; prohibited by ~ – prawnie
zabronione; required by ~ – wymagane przez prawo;
judge – s´dzia
prosecutor – prokurator
plaintiff – powód (w sprawie cywilnej)
trial – proces, rozprawa
to sentence sb – skazaç kogoÊ
to sue sb for sth – pozwaç kogoÊ za coÊ
verdict – werdykt
witness – Êwiadek
Law: the old witch
Jak to dzia∏a?-
Przytaczanie cudzych wypowiedzi
Aby przytoczyç czyjeÊ s∏owa wypowiedziane wczeÊniej, mo˝emy pos∏u˝yç

si´ zwrotem He (she) said / told me that, po którym najcz´Êciej wyst´puje
czasownik w odpowiednim czasie przesz∏ym:
You overlooked an important piece of evidence.
+ She said that I had overlooked an important piece of
evidence. (Powiedzia∏a, ˝e przeoczy∏em wa˝ny dowód.)
You are ranting at me. + She said that I was ranting at her.
(Powiedzia∏a, ˝e jej ubli˝am.)
I will leave + He told me that he would leave.

(Powiedzia∏ mi, ˝e odejdzie.)
Nale˝y pami´taç o zmianie czasów zgodnie z zasadà „krok do ty∏u”:

Present Simple (He works) + Past Simple (He worked)
Pres. Cont. (He is working) + Past Cont. (He was working)
Pres. Perfect (He has worked) + Past Perfect (He had worked)
Past Simple (He worked) + Past Perfect (He had worked)
will (He will work) + would (He would work)
W pytaniach stosujemy s∏owo ask oraz szyk zdania oznajmujàcego:
Where do you work? He asked where I worked. (Zapyta∏,

+
gdzie pracuj´.) – nie: where did I work.
Do you know Mr Andrews? + He asked if I knew Mr Andrews.
(Zapyta∏, czy znam pana Andrews.)
Oprócz say, tell i ask mo˝emy u˝yç innych czasowników, w zale˝noÊci

od znaczenia wypowiedzi:
I will sack Marek! + She threatened to sack Marek.

(Zagrozi∏a, ˝e wyrzuci Marka z pracy.)
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UNIT 28
I’ll do it + He promised to do it. (Obieca∏ to zrobiç.)
Please send that report. + She wanted me to send that report.

(Chcia∏a, ˝ebym wys∏a∏ ten raport.)
Let’s ask the boss. + She suggested that we (should) ask the boss.
(Zaproponowa∏a, ˝ebyÊmy zapytali szefa.)
Czasownik set
She can not even set out arguments in a coherent way.

(Ona nawet nie potrafi przedstawiç spójnie argumentów.)
Let’s set up our own law firm. (Za∏ó˝my w∏asnà kancelari´.)
He set about the difficult task of restructuring the company.
(Zabra∏ si´ za trudne zadanie restrukturyzacji firmy.)
They set aside some money in the budget for travel.
(Zarezerwowali troch´ pieni´dzy w bud˝ecie na podró˝e.)
The government set down detailed tender regulations.
(Rzàd ustali∏ szczegó∏owe zasady przetargów.)
åwiczenia-
1. Uzupe∏nij luki. Wstaw s∏owa z ramki.
labour code breaking trial witnesses

charged with evidence go on strike
1. The manager was arrested and ................... mobbing.

2. Everybody agreed that it was an unfair ................... – the
judge refused to hear the three ................... who were present
at the scene of crime.
3. Forcing employees to work overtime is forbidden by the
.......................... .
4. If the management refuses to increase our salaries, we may
..................... .
Law: the old witch
5. The ........................ that he presented in court was found to

be fake.
6. He was accused of .................... the law.
2. Dopasuj fragmenty 1–5 do a–e, aby utworzyç sensowne wypowiedzi.
1. After the interview, the HR director said that

2. During the negotiations, she promised
3. I asked the new employee
4. The sales assistant told me that
5. When she asked me about John, I told her that
a. to deliver the goods within 30 days.

b. I would have to wait 14 days for the goods to arrive.
c. none of the candidates had the necessary qualifications.
d. he was waiting for her in his office.
e. how long he had worked in his previous job.
3. Dokoƒcz wypowiedzi tak, by znaczy∏y to samo.
1. Where were you yesterday?

He ........... me .......................................... the previous day.
2. She will show you our premises
He ......... that ................................................................... .
3. I am writing a memo.
She ........... that ................................................................. .
4. How about hiring new employees?
The manager .......... that ................................................. .
5. Please call them about 4 p.m.
She ............. me to ............................................................ .
6. Do you work with Mr Falvey?
He ............. me ................................................................. .
7. I will sue you for stealing!
She ............. to .................................................................. .
8. I’ll call you back as soon as I can.
She .............. to ................................................................. .
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UNIT 28
9. I’ve replied to 10 emails so far.

He ................ that ............................................................. .
4. Uzupe∏nij luki czasownikiem set wraz z odpowiednim przyimkiem.
1. It would be good to ............. some money for unforeseen

expenses.
2. Next year, I’m going to ............... my own company.
3. He finds it difficult to ............... precisely what he wants
to do.
4. New payment terms will be .............. in the contract.
5. They ............... preparing the conference.
He threatened, she threatened...

Ostatnia lekcja w naszej ksià˝eczce b´dzie wiàzaç si´ z „j´zykowà
poprawnoÊcià” dotyczàcà obecnoÊci obu p∏ci w ró˝nych zawodach.
W kontekÊcie „szefowej–wiedêmy”, ciekawie wyglàdajà statystyki
u˝ycia s∏owa threaten (groziç komuÊ) w stosunku do m´˝czyzn
i kobiet. Wyszukiwarka internetowa zwraca prawie 600 tys.
adresów zawierajàcych wyra˝enie he threatened to („on zagrozi∏,
˝e...”) oraz nieco ponad 160 tys. z wyra˝eniem she threatened
that („ona zagrozi∏a, ˝e...”). Zwrot he threatened that wyst´puje
ok. 25 tys. razy, podczas gdy she threatened that ... ma tylko
500 adresów.
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
so far. 4 1 set aside 2 set up 3 set out 4 set down 5 set about
8 She promised to call me back as soon as she could. 9 He said that he had replied to 10 emails
4 p.m. 6 He asked me if I worked with Mr Falvey. 7 She threatened to sue me for stealing
suggested that we (should) hire new employees. 5 She asked/wanted/told me to call her about
she would show me their premises 3 She said that she was writing a memo 4 The manager
2 1c 2a 3e 4b 5d 3 1 He asked me where I had been the previous day 2 He said that
1 1 charged with 2 trial, witnesses 3 labour code 4 go on strike 5 evidence 6 breaking
29. Ethics:
Elephants in the room
25 Many businesses, especially big multinationals, have been accused
of unethical behaviour. Illegal or unfair trade practices, bribery or
worker exploitation have been taboos for a long time. Even today
companies and governments in some parts of the world will not
admit that there is an elephant in the room.
Companies, unlike charities or NGO’s, are profit–oriented, which

boils down to the highest possible revenue at the lowest possible
cost. Nevertheless, big players always have better bargaining power
than small enterprises, which can lead to abuse. In a typical
manufacturing chain, a wholesaler and a retailer, the bigger and
stronger of the two can dictate conditions, sometimes unfavourable,
to the smaller and weaker party. A supermarket chain, for example,
may take advantage of its size to demand the lowest prices from a
local wholesaler, or even refuse to pay on time, leaving the latter
with minimal profit or a liquidity crisis.
Employees are also sometimes affected by their employer’s unlawful

practices such as underpaying and working overtime without
compensation. In some countries there are also serious discrimination
problems. Women, disabled people, religious and sexual minorities
and others are subject to various forms of harassment. As people
become more sensitive to the issues of equality and ’political
correctness’, companies have started to eliminate the practices that
are considered harmful. Many businesses today, for example, would
use gender–neutral language when they advertise a position;
something that nobody used to care about until the late 1980s.
In Europe and the United States, strict legal regulations together

with investors’ and consumers’ demand for transparency have forced
most of the corporations to adopt codes of good practice. These
documents define in detail what is allowed and what is not, and
ensure that ethical standards are obeyed.
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UNIT 29
S∏ownictwo-
unethical behaviour disabled people
– nieetyczne post´powanie – niepe∏nosprawni
bribery – ∏apówkarstwo minorities – mniejszoÊci
worker exploitation be subject to sth – byç
– wykorzystywanie nara˝onym na coÊ
robotników harassment – przeÊladowanie,
government – rzàd molestowanie
elephant in the room sensitive – wyczuleni
– (przen.) problem, który equality – równoÊç
ka˝dy widzi, a nikt political correctness
o nim nie mówi – poprawnoÊç polityczna
profit–oriented – zorientowane harmful – szkodliwe
na zysk gender–neutral language
boils down to – sprowadza si´ do – j´zyk neutralny
abuse – nadu˝ycie strict legal regulations
chain – ∏aƒcuch, sieç – surowe przepisy
to take advantage of sth transparency – przezroczystoÊç,
– wykorzystaç coÊ uczciwe zasady
liquidity crisis – kryzys code of good practice – kodeks
p∏ynnoÊci finansowej dobrych praktyk
compensation – wynagrodzenie

breach of contract – z∏amanie umowy
counterfeiting – produkcja podróbek
credit card fraud – oszustwo z u˝yciem karty kredytowej
embezzlement – defraudacja powierzonych Êrodków
infringement of copyright – naruszenie praw autorskich
money laundering – pranie brudnych pieni´dzy
perjury – krzywoprzysi´stwo
price fixing – zmowa cenowa
racketeering – wymuszanie okupu
tax fraud – oszustwo podatkowe
Jak to dzia∏a?-
J´zyk neutralny
PoprawnoÊç polityczna i stosowanie wolnego od seksistowskich podtekstów

j´zyka sà bardzo wa˝ne w Êwiecie anglosaskim, zw∏aszcza w Stanach
Zjednoczonych. Niemal wszystkie uniwersytety, jednostki rzàdowe oraz
korporacje muszà obowiàzkowo u˝ywaç tylko neutralnych form:
U˝ycie they w znaczeniu liczby pojedyƒczej zamiast zaimków he/she,

his/her, him/her, himself/herself:
– I’ll talk to a consultant but I don’t know if they will help.

(Porozmawiam z konsultantem/kà, ale nie wiem, czy on/ona
mi pomo˝e.)
– Anyone who fails to pay their taxes will be prosecuted. (Ka˝dy,
kto nie zap∏aci swoich podatków, b´dzie oskar˝ony.)
– If you find someone fit for this job, tell them to apply. (JeÊli
znajdziesz kogoÊ do tej pracy, powiedz mu/jej, by si´ zg∏osi∏/a.)
– An employee must buy fuel for their company car themself.

(Pracownik musi sam kupiç benzyn´ do swojego firmowego
samochodu.)
Zaimek themself jest sztucznie stworzonà (w odró˝nieniu od naturalnej

formy themselves w l. mn.) neutralnà formà himself / herself.
Z tego powodu niektórzy native speakerzy odbierajà jego u˝ycie jako
przesad´ w poprawnoÊci politycznej.
Liczba mnoga zamiast zaimków

Employees must buy fuel for their company cars themselves.
(Pracownicy muszà sami kupowaç benzyn´ do swoich
firmowych samochodów.)
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UNIT 29
Nazwy zawodów
formy nacechowane formy neutralne
chairman the chair, president przewodniczàcy/a
businessman/woman business executive biznesmen/woman
clergyman* priest, minister, ... osoba duchowna
fireman fire–fighter stra˝ak
postman postal worker listonosz/ka
manpower workforce za∏oga
policeman/woman police officer policjant/ka
salesman sales representative handlowiec

sales assistant
steward, stewardess flight attendant steward/essa
* w wyznaniach, gdzie osobami duchownymi mogà byç kobiety, u˝ywa

si´ po prostu nazwy funkcji. Uwaga! priest to ksiàdz katolicki,
natomiast pastor lub minister – protestancki.
Idiomy w j´zyku biznesowym
They would not admit that there is an elephant in the room.

(Nie sà sk∏onni przyznaç, ˝e istnieje problem, który ka˝dy
widzi, a nikt o nim nie mówi.) – dos∏. „w pokoju jest s∏oƒ”.
XYZ has been cooking the books for years. Their statements
were nothing but window dressing. (XYZ fa∏szowa∏o
sprawozdania finansowe od lat. Ich sprawozdania to mydlenie

oczu.) – dos∏. „gotowanie ksiàg” i „dekorowanie wystaw”.
Ordinary employees earn hundreds of times less than fat cats

in the management. (Zwykli pracownicy zarabiajà stokrotnie
mniej ni˝ grube ryby w zarzàdzie.) – dos∏. „grube koty”.
Heads will roll if this report leaks out to the press. (Polecà
g∏owy, jeÊli ten raport wycieknie do prasy.)
I’m sure it’ll sell like hotcakes. (Jestem pewny, ˝e to b´dzie si´
sprzedawaç jak Êwie˝e bu∏eczki.) – dos∏. jak „goràce ciastka”.
IT companies often use hard sell on their customers. (Firmy IT

cz´sto stosujà agresywnà sprzeda˝ wobec klientów.)
He worked down to the wire on that project. (Pracowa∏ nad

tym pomys∏em do ostatniej chwili.)
He had his hand in the till for 3 years and ran away with
$3m! (Podkrada∏ pieniàdze przez 3 lata i uciek∏ z 3 mln
dolarów!) – dos∏. „trzyma∏ r´k´ w kasie”.
The boss was in the dark about the problem. (Szef nic nie
wiedzia∏ o problemie.) – dos∏. „by∏ w ciemnoÊciach”.
åwiczenia-
1. Po∏àcz opisy przest´pstw 1–6 z ich nazwami a–f.
1. He’s had his hand in the till for years, but nobody found out
about that yet.
2. Officially, they had casinos and restaurants, but the gang’s

fortune came from drug dealing.
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UNIT 29
3. The retailer was found to be selling fake clothes of well–known

international brands.
4. He lied in the court, but there witnesses who told the truth.
5. All taxi drivers in town agreed secretly that they would not
charge less than 3 EUR per kilometre.
6. A high–ranking official was sentenced to 5 years in prison for

accepting money from businesses.
a. money laundering d. embezzlement

b. price fixing e. counterfeiting
c. bribery f. perjury
2. Wstaw s∏owa z ramki w luki.
harassment take advantage sensitive

frauds breach charities
1. The Ministry of Finance has declared war on tax ................ .
2. Abaco was sued by Cobaba for ................. of contract.
3. Many companies want to be seen as ethical and give money to

various ........................ .
4. Managers often .................... of their position in the company

and set very strict rules for their employees.
5. Any attempts of sexual ........................ will result in an

instant dismissal on disciplinary grounds.
6. The management is very ..................... to political correctness.
3. Popraw poni˝sze zdania tak, by ich j´zyk by∏ neutralny.
1. I’ll ask a salesman to contact you and he’ll tell you what to do.
2. Any employee who wants information about his performance
should write to the chairman.
3. Every businessman should learn himself what is ethical and
what is not.
4. BlizzAir have very unpleasant stewardesses.
5. A policeman will stop you if he sees that you’re diving too fast.
6. I’ll talk to the postman and tell him that I don’t want any
leaflets in my mail box.
4. Wstaw odpowiednie wyra˝enia idiomatyczne w luki.
1. The new machine will certainly ............................. – we

already have plenty of orders.
2. The manager was furious yesterday about the team missing the
deadline. I’m sure that ....................................... now.
3. Sexual harassment is ................................ for this company,

because everybody is afraid of losing their jobs.
4. The shareholders ............................... about the

management’s illegal operations.
5. I wouldn’t trust these figures at all. Everybody knows that their

accountants have been .................................. .
6. I really hate the ........... that they make – they’re so aggressive!
7. There is still plenty of work to do and so little time! I’m afraid

we’ll have to .............................. .
182
1 1d 2a 3e 4f 5b 6c 2 1 frauds 2 breach 3 charities 4 take advantage 5 harassment
6 sensitive 3 1 salesman sales assistant, he they 2 his their, chairman, president LUB:
Employees who want... to the president 3 businessman business executive, himself themself
LUB: Business executives should learn themselves... 4 stewardesses flight attendants 5
policeman police officer, he they 6 postman postal worker, him them. 4 1 sell like hot / cakes
2 heads will roll 3 an elephant in the room 4 were in the dark 5 cooking the books 6 hard
sell 7 work down the wire Best wishes... Prosimy niezobowiàzujàco przyjàç nasze najlepsze
˝yczenia na nadchodzàce ekologicznie Êwiadome, spo∏ecznie odpowiedzialne, politycznie
poprawne, bezstresowe, nieuzale˝niajàce, neutralne pod wzgl´dem p∏ci Êwi´ta przesilenia
zimowego, obchodzonego w ramach najbardziej zaszczytnych tradycji wybranego przez Paƒstwa
wyznania religijnego, bàdê te˝ Êwieckich praktyk, z nale˝nym szacunkiem dla religijnych/Êwieckich
Êwiatopoglàdów i/lub tradycji innych osób, bàdê te˝ ich wyboru nie praktykowania ˝adnych
religijnych bàdê Êwieckich tradycji. ˚yczymy Paƒstwu finansowo udanego, dajàcego satysfakcj´ w
˝yciu osobistym oraz medycznie bezproblemowego czasu nastania ogólnie przyj´tego roku
kalendarzowego 2005, z nale˝nym szacunkiem dla kalendarzy innych kultur lub wyznaƒ, oraz z
uwzgl´dnieniem Paƒstwa rasy, wyznania, koloru skóry, wieku, zdolnoÊci fizycznych, wybranej
platformy komputerowej bàdê te˝ orientacji seksualnej.
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
choice of computer platform or sexual preference.
having regard to the your race, creed, colour, age, physical ability,
respect for the calendars of choice of other cultures or sects, and
onset of the generally accepted calendar year 2005, but with due
personally fulfilling and medically uncomplicated recognition of the
secular traditions at all. We wish you a financially successful,
traditions of others, or their choice not to practice religious or
choice, with respect for the religious/secular persuasions and/or
the religious persuasion of your choice, or secular practices of your
solstice holiday, practised within the most enjoyable traditions of
low stress, non–addictive, gender neutral, celebration of the winter
environmentally conscious, socially responsible, politically correct,
Please accept without obligation, our best wishes for an
T∏umaczenie w kluczu :)
Oto modelowe politycznie poprawne ˝yczenia Êwiàteczne.
Best wishes...
29 UNIT
1. stable/four/has/inflation/fairly/remained/over/the/years./past
2. shareholders./a/only/pay out/to/few/will/banks/dividends/their
3. opened/in/have to/office/staff./we/if/more/would/Berlin/employ/an/we
4. team./in/other/manager/e–commerce/into/is/the/just/his/like/people
5. John/marketing./who/is/is/in/it/of/charge
6. interviewer/accounting./if/done/I/asked/the/course/had/a/in
7. hours./staff/he/that/have to/longer/work/would/said/all
8. wire/worked/deadline./they/down/the/the/meet/to/to
1. The monthly turnover has 5. ............ directors report
€10.4m to €10.9m.
.................. slightly from directly to the CEO.
a. Every b. All
a. increased b. plummeted c. Each d. Each of
c. stabilized d. decreased
6. When Ocean Corp. enters
2. There are two big players in Poland, we ............. a very
the IT sector – one is Alpha tough competition.
Co., ............. is Gear Inc. a. will be into b. will be in
a. other b. another c. will be in for
c. the other d. others d. will be about to
3. ...... people are interested in this 7. Tell me again, what ........... .

training because it’s so boring. a. do these figures mean
a. A few b. A little b. these figures mean
c. Few d. Little c. mean these figures
d. these figures means
4. If we ................... the money
in the Asian market, it would 8. Not only ............. triple our
bring 30% return. sales, but we also drove the
a. invested b. was invested competition out of the market.
c. would invest d. will invest a. we did b. did we
c. we d. did
184
UNIT 30
9. ........... Ms. Andrews who is 11. Even though he had my CV,

responsible for keeping the he asked where ......... before.
books, not me! a. did I work b. I had worked
a. It is b. Is it c. I was working
c. She is d. There is d. I worked
10. They said that they .............. 12. I am thinking about setting
the contract. Three months ........... my own business.
later, they did it! a. down b. aside
a. terminated b. terminate c. up d. about
c. will d. would
terminate terminate 13. Every employee should wear
a badge with .......... name.
a. his b. themself
3. Krzy˝ówka. c. them d. their
1. Akcjonariusz (amer.)
2. Increase two times. 1
3. Sexual .......... 2
4. Keep 3
something
4
or someone safe.
5. When one 5
company 6
buys another.
7
6. Konto.
7. Without 8
connection or 9
relevance. 10
8. Trials are
held in ...... 9. Rzàd. 10. Offering money illegally for an advantage.
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
account, irrelevant, court, government, bribery)
neutralna) 3. Krzy˝ówka has∏o: competitor (stockholder, double, harassment, protect, takeover,
2. 1a 2c 3c 4a 5b 6c 7b 8b 9a 10d 11b 12c 13d (odpowiedê a te˝ jest dobra, lecz nie jest
all staff would have to work longer hours. 8. They worked down to the wire to meet the deadline.
charge of marketing. 6. The interviewer asked if I had done a course in accounting. 7. He said that
staff. 4. The manager is into e–commerce just like other people in his team. 5. It is John who is in
dividend to their shareholders. 3. If we opened an office in Berlin, we would have to employ more
1. 1. Inflation has remained fairly stable over the past four years. 2. Only a few banks will pay out
S∏owniczek skrótów
B2B business-to-business (dzia∏alnoÊç zorientowana na inne firmy)
BA Bachelor of Arts (licencjat)
bn billion (bilion)
BSc Bachelor of Science (licencjat – kierunki techniczne)
c/o care of (do ràk, przez poÊrednika)
CC credit card (karta kredytowa)
CEO Chief Executive Officer (prezes zarzàdu)
Ct credit (strona „ma”)
Dt debit (strona „winien”)
EC European Communities (Wspólnoty Europejskie)
EEA European Economic Area (Europejski Obszar Gospodarczy)
EEC European Economic Community (Europejska Wspólnota Gospodarcza)
EMU Economic and Monetary Union (Europejska Unia Gospodarcza i
Walutowa)
EU European Union (Unia Europejska)
GNP Gross National Product (produkt krajowy brutto)
HR Human Resources (zasoby ludzkie, kadry)
Inc. (w USA) spó∏ka
k kilo (kilo, tysiàc)
L/C letter of credit (akredytywa)
LLP Limited Liability Partnership (spó∏ka komandytowa)
Ltd limited (spó∏ka z o.o.)
M million (milion)
MA Master of Arts (magister)
MD Managing Director (dyrektor zarzàdzajàcy, prezes)
MSc Master of Science (magister – kierunki techniczne)
N/A not applicable / not available (nie dotyczy / niedost´pne)
NGO Non-governmental organization (organizacja pozarzàdowa)
PAYE Pay As You Earn (pobieranie zaliczki na rzecz podatku)
p.a. per annum (rocznie)
P/E price / earnings (cena / zysk)
PhD Doctor of philosophy (doktor)
plc (w Wlk. Brytanii) public limited company (spó∏ka akcyjna notowana na gie∏dzie)
R&D research and development (badania i rozwój)
ROE Return On Equity (zwrot z kapita∏u w∏asnego)
ROI Return On Investment (zwrot z inwestycji)
SMEs small and medium enterprises (ma∏e i Êrednie przedsi´biorstwa)
T/T telegraphic transfer (przekaz bankowy)
UN United Nations (Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych)
VAT Value Added Tax (podatek od towarów i us∏ug)
WTO World Trade Organisation (Âwiatowa Organizacja Handlu)
186
S∏owniczek
ObjaÊnienia: ctual – rzeczywisty
AmE – s∏owo wyst´puje g∏ównie admin staff – personel
w amerykaƒskim angielskim administracyjny
BrE – s∏owo wyst´puje g∏ównie w administration – administracja
brytyjskim angielskim
ads (pot.) – og∏oszenia
advantage – zaleta
advertise – reklamowaç
A
advertisement – reklama
afford – móc sobie na coÊ
abroad – za granicà pozwoliç
absenteeism – nieobecnoÊci after-sales service – serwis
abuse – nadu˝ycie; nadu˝ywaç posprzeda˝owy
accept – przyjàç, akceptowaç agency – agencja
access – uzyskaç dost´p ahead of – przed, przed czasem
accessories – dodatki, akcesoria air conditioning – klimatyzacja
account – konto airway bill (AWB) – lotniczy
accountant – ksi´gowy list przewozowy
accounting – ksi´gowoÊç alimony – alimenty
accounts payable all – wszyscy, wszystko
– zobowiàzania
allow – pozwoliç
accounts receivable
– nale˝noÊci, wierzytelnoÊci allowance – odpis, ulga
accuse – oskar˝yç almost – przynajmniej
achieve – osiàgnàç already – ju˝
achievement – dokonanie although – pomimo i˝
acquisition – przejćie altogether – w sumie
activity – dzia∏anie always – zawsze
S∏owniczek
amortization (AmE) assistant – asystentka

– amortyzacja at – przy, w
amount – iloÊç attend – ucz´szczaç (na zajćia)
analysis – analiza attention – uwaga
analyze (AmE) – analizowaç audit – audyt, kontrola
annoying – denerwujàcy auditor – rewident, audytor
Annual General Meeting authentication – autoryzacja
(AGM) – Walne availability – dost´pnoÊç
Zgromadzenie
available – dost´pny
Akcjonariuszy
(udzia∏owców) average – Êredni
another – inny, kolejny avoid – unikaç
answer (rzecz., czas.) awareness – ÊwiadomoÊç

– odpowiedê, odpowiadaç
appear – wydawaç si´
appearance – pojawienie si´ B
apply – ubiegaç si´ o prac´
appoint – mianowaç badge – identyfikator
appointment – (umówione) balance sheet – bilans
spotkanie bank transfer – przelew
appreciate – byç wdzićznym bankrupt – bankrut
approach – podchodziç do bankruptcy – bankructwo
czegoÊ
bargain – okazja
argument – argument; k∏ótnia
be – byç
arrange – zorganizowaç bear market – bessa
arrive – przyje˝d˝aç beat – pobiç
ask – pytaç beer – piwo
assess – oceniaç behaviour – zachowanie,
assets – aktywa post´powanie
188
S∏owniczek
benefits – korzyÊci
C
bill – rachunek
bill of lading (B/L) – list
przewozowy morski, campaign – kampania
konosament can – móc, umieç, potrafiç
billboards (AmE) – billboardy, cancel – anulowaç
plakaty uliczne cancelled – odwo∏any
blow – cios capital gains – zyski kapita∏owe
bond – obligacja
cart – koszyk na zakupy
bookkeeping – ksi´gowoÊç
case – sprawa sàdowa
boost – zwi´kszyç (np. sprzeda˝)
cash – gotówka
bored – znudzony
cash-flow statement
boring – nudny – sprawozdanie z przep∏ywu
borrow – po˝yczaç (od kogoÊ) Êrodków pieni´˝nych
boss – szef cashier – kasjer
branch – oddzia∏ catalogue – katalog
brand – marka celebrity endorsement
breach – z∏amanie – reklama z udzia∏em
break – ∏amaç znanej osoby
break-even point – próg certificate – certyfikat
rentownoÊci chain – sieç sklepów
bribery – ∏apówkarstwo challenging – b´dàcy
browse – przeglàdaç wyzwaniem (o pracy)
BSc – licencjat (kierunki characteristics
techniczne) – charakterystyka
budget – bud˝et; uwzgl´dniç charge – za˝àdaç zap∏aty (od
w bud˝ecie kogoÊ)
bulk – hurtowa iloÊç charity – organizacja
bull market – hossa, rynek byka charytatywna
business – biznes cheap – tani
S∏owniczek
check-in – zameldowanie, comfortable – wygodny

odprawa commercial – reklama
check-out – wymeldowanie, telewizyjna
kasa (w sklepie) commission – prowizja
check-up – przeglàd company – firma, spó∏ka
checkout operator – kasjer compare – porównywaç
chef – szef kuchni comparison – porównanie
chemist’s (BrE) – apteka compensation – odszkodowanie,
cheque – czek wynagrodzenie
Chief Executive Officer (CEO) competition – konkurencja
– prezes competitively – konkurencyjnie
classified ads – og∏oszenia competitor – konkurent
drobne
complain – skar˝yç si´; sk∏adaç
cleaner – sprzàtaczka reklamacj´
clear – jasny, wyraêny complex – skomplikowany
clearance – odprawa (towarów) computer literacy – znajomoÊç
client – klient obs∏ugi komputera
clothes – ubrania conclusion – podsumowanie;
code – kodeks wniosek
coherent – spójny condition – warunek
collect – zbieraç conference – konferencja
come – przychodziç; confirmation – potwierdzenie
~ up with – wystàpiç z confused – zdezorientowany
czymÊ; confusing – dezorientujàcy
~ across – napotkaç; consequently – w konsekwencji
~ down – spaÊç; consider – rozwa˝yç
~ off – wypaliç; consider – uwa˝aç (za coÊ)
~ through – przetrwaç; consignment – przesy∏ka
~ up – pojawiç si´, zaistnieç consolidate – konsolidowaç
190
S∏owniczek
construction worker – robotnik criminal – karny

budowlany crisis – kryzys
consumer – konsument current – bie˝àcy
contain – zawieraç customer – klient
contingency plan – plan customer base – klientela
awaryjny customize – dopasowaç do
contract – umowa indywidualnych potrzeb
contribution – wk∏ad; sk∏adka customs – kontrola celna
control – kontrola; kontrolowaç cutting edge
cope – radziç sobie (z czymÊ) – najnowoczeÊniejszy
copyright – prawo autorskie
core activity – dzia∏alnoÊç
podstawowa D
corporation – korporacja
correspondence – daily – dziennik
korespondencja
data – dane
cost – koszt; kosztowaç storage – przechowywanie
cost-effective – op∏acalny database – baza danych
cosy – kameralny, przytulny deadline – termin
counsel – adwokat deal (pot.) – umowa
counterfeiting – produkcja debit – strona „winien”
podróbek debt – d∏ug
course – kurs debtor – d∏u˝nik
court – sàd decide – decydowaç
cover – pokrywa; pokryç decision – decyzja
credit – strona „ma”; kredyt decline – spadaç; spadek
creditor – wierzyciel decrease – spadaç; spadek
creditworthiness – zdolnoÊç deductible – mo˝liwe do
kredytowa odpisania
S∏owniczek
defence – obrona discontinue – zaniechaç

defendant – oskar˝ony, pozwany discount – rabat, zni˝ka
definite – ostateczny disgusted – zniesmaczony,
delayed – opóêniony oburzony
delegate – przydzielaç disgusting – odra˝ajàcy
(np. zadania) dislike – nie lubiç
deliver – dostarczyç dismiss – zwolniç kogoÊ
delivery – dostawa distribution channel – kana∏
demand – popyt dystrybucji
demanding – wymagajàcy disused – nie u˝ywany
department – dzia∏, pion dividend – dywidenda
departure – odjazd, odlot do – robiç; ~ without – poradziç
sobie bez czegoÊ; ~ away
depreciation (BrE)
with – zlikwidowaç
– amortyzacja
doctor – lekarz
derivatives – instrumenty
pochodne, derywaty doesn’t it worry you... – a czy
nie martwi ci´, ˝e...
designer – projektant
dominate – zdominowaç
despatch – wysy∏aç (towar)
double – podwójny; podwoiç
details – szczegó∏y
download – pobieranie
develop – rozwijaç
informacji, „Êciàganie”
dial – dzwoniç plików
differentiate – odró˝niaç si´ dress code – wymagany strój
digital – cyfrowy driver – kierowca
diploma – dyplom driving license – prawo jazdy
direct – bezpoÊredni drop – upuszczaç; spadaç;
directions – wskazówki spadek
director – dyrektor due – nale˝ny; z powodu
disabled – niepe∏nosprawny duties – obowiàzki
disciplinary – dyscyplinarny duty – c∏o
192
S∏owniczek
establish – za∏o˝yç
E
estimate – szacowaç;
szacunkowa wartoÊç
each – ka˝dy
evaluate – oceniç
eager – ch´tny do czegoÊ
every – ka˝dy
easy – ∏atwy
evidence – dowód
effective – efektywny
examine – zbadaç
electricity – elektrycznoÊç
exchange – zamieniç, wymieniç
elegant – ∏adny, estetyczny
excise – akcyza
embarrassing – k∏opotliwy
exciting – ciekawy
embezzlement – defraudacja
powierzonych Êrodków executive – osoba na
kierowniczym stanowisku,
employee – pracownik
dyrektor
employer – pracodawca
exempted – zwolniony
encourage – zachćaç
exhausting – wyczerpujàce
encryption – kodowanie
exorbitant – wyÊrubowana (o
end-user – u˝ytkownik koƒcowy
cenie)
energy consumption – zu˝ycie
expand – rozszerzaç
energii
expect – spodziewaç si´
engineer – in˝ynier
enjoy – cieszyç si´ czymÊ expense – wydatek
enjoyable – przyjemny expensive – drogi
enquiry – zapytanie experience – doÊwiadczenie
ensure – zapewniç expiry – wygaÊnićie
entrepreneur – przedsi´biorca expiry date – data wa˝noÊci
environment-friendly exploitation – wykorzystywanie
– przyjazny dla Êrodowiska export (rzecz., czas.) – eksport,
equality – równoÊç eksportowaç
error – b∏àd extension – numer wewn´trzny
essential – niezb´dny external – zewn´trzny
S∏owniczek
focus – koncentrowaç si´ (na

F czymÊ)
folded – sk∏adany
factor – czynnik for – dla, przez (jakiÊ czas), do
factory – fabryka forecast (rzecz., czas.) –
fall – spadek; spadaç prognoza, prognozowaç
fashion – moda forget – zapomnieç
fault – wina; wada form – formularz
faulty – uszkodzony, wadliwy found – za∏o˝yç
favour – przys∏uga franchising – franczyza
feature – funkcja, cecha fraud – oszustwo, defraudacja
fee – op∏ata freebie – gratisowy gad˝et
feedback – informacja zwrotna frustrate – frustrowaç,
few – kilka, ma∏o, troch´ rozczarowaç
field – dziedzina, pole frustrating – frustrujàcy
fierce – zaci´ty fulfilling – dajàcy poczucie
spe∏nienia
file – segregator; z∏o˝yç
dokumenty; plik full-time – pe∏ny etat
filing – segregowanie functional – funkcjonalny
find – znaleêç furniture – meble
finish – zakoƒczyç furthermore – co wićej
fire – zwolniç, wyrzuciç z pracy futures contract – transakcja
terminowa
fiscal year – rok podatkowy
fix – naprawiç
fixed assets – Êrodki trwa∏e
flexitime – zmienny czas pracy G
flight – lot
flourish – rozkwitaç gap – luka
fly-by-night company – „firma gather – zebraç
–krzak” general – ogólny
194
S∏owniczek
generate – generowaç have – mieç

generic products – produkty have to – musieç
niemarkowe
get – dostaç; headquarters (HQ) – g∏ówna
~ around – poruszaç si´ (po siedziba
mieÊcie);
healthy – zdrowy
~ along – mieç dobry
kontakt; heat – podgrzewaç
~ in – przyje˝d˝aç; hesitate – wahaç si´
~ on to – przejÊç;
hierarchy – hierarchia
~ across – przekazaç
(wiadomoÊç); high – wysoki; szczyt;
~ back – odpowiedzieç maksimum
goods – towary
high-quality – wysokiej jakoÊci
goodwill – reputacja, renoma
hoardings (BrE) – billboardy,
government – rzàd
graduate – ukoƒczyç studia plakaty uliczne
grievance – skarga hold on – czekaç (podczas
growth – wzrost rozmowy tel.)
guidance – wskazówki, rady
holiday – wakacje, urlop
home appliance – artyku∏y
gospodarstwa domowego
H
homepage – strona g∏ówna
handful – niewiele, garstka hope – mieç nadziej´
handle – zajmowaç si´ however – jednak˝e
harassment – przeÊladowanie,
molestowanie huge – ogromny
hard – ci´˝ki human resources (HR) – zasoby
harmful – szkodliwy ludzkie
S∏owniczek
inheritance – spadek
I
initiative – inicjatywa
input tax – podatek naliczony
ignore – ignorowaç
insignificant – nieznaczny
implement – wprowadzaç
insolvency – niewyp∏acalnoÊç
import (rzecz., czas.) – import,
importowaç inspect – obejrzeç
important – wa˝ny insult – obelga
impressive – imponujàce insurance – ubezpieczenie
impressive – imponujàco intangible assets – wartoÊci
improve – poprawiç niematerialne i prawne
in – w interest – zainteresowanie;
odsetki
in advance – z góry
interested – zainteresowany
in stock – na stanie,
w magazynie interesting – interesujàcy
in-house staff – pracownicy intermediary – poÊrednik
w∏asni internal – wewn´trzny
included – zawarty international
income – dochód, przychód – mi´dzynarodowy
income statement (AmE) interrupt – przerywaç
– rachunek zysków i strat interview – rozmowa
increase – wzrost; wzrastaç kwalifikacyjna
indebted – zad∏u˝ony introduce – przedstawiaç (kogoÊ)
indebtedness – zad∏u˝enie investigate – badaç
indeed – w rzeczy samej investment – inwestycja
independence – niezale˝noÊç invitation – zaproszenie
index – indeks, wskaênik invite – zaprosiç
indication – znak invoice – faktura
industrial – przemys∏owy irrelevant – bez zwiàzku
inefficient – nieefektywny item – sztuka, pozycja,
inexpensive – niedrogi egzemplarz
196
S∏owniczek
lend – po˝yczaç (komuÊ)

J
letter of credit (L/C)
– akredytywa
job – praca level – poziom
judge – s´dzia liabilities – pasywa,
jump – podskoczyç zobowiàzania
just – w∏aÊnie liability – odpowiedzialnoÊç;
zobowiàzanie
lighting – oÊwietlenie
K limited liability company
– spó∏ka z o.o.
key – klucz, kluczowy line positions – stanowiska
kind – mi∏y zwiàzane z dzia∏alnoÊcià
podstawowà
link – ∏àczyç; po∏àczenie
L liquidity – p∏ynnoÊç finansowa
little – ma∏y, ma∏o, troch´
laboratory – laboratorium loan – po˝yczka
labour – praca loan – po˝yczka, kredyt
labour costs – koszty pracy log in – zalogowaç si´
land – ziemia, grunt long-term – d∏ugoterminowy
language – j´zyk look – patrzeç;
launch – wprowadziç na rynek ~ for – szukaç;
law – prawo ~ at – patrzeç, spoglàdaç;
law firm – kancelaria prawna ~ after – opiekowaç si´
lawyer – prawnik lose – traciç
layer – warstwa, szczebel loss – strata
(organizacji, zarzàdzania) lot – du˝o, bardzo
leaflet – ulotka loyalty – lojalnoÊç, przywiàzanie
legal – prawny luggage – baga˝
S∏owniczek
mix – mieszaç
M
mobile – komórka
money – pieniàdze
magazine – czasopismo
money laundering – pranie
maid – pokojówka
brudnych pieni´dzy
mailing – rozsy∏anie reklam
monopolist – monopolista
drogà pocztowà
monotonous – monotonny
maintenance – personel
techniczny; utrzymanie more – wićej
make – robiç moreover – co wićej
management board – zarzàd mortgage – kredyt hipoteczny
manager – mened˝er motivated – zmotywowany
manufacturer – producent motivating – motywujàcy
margin – mar˝a much – du˝o, bardziej
market – rynek multi-brand – wielobran˝owy
Master of Arts (MA) – dyplom multitask – pracowaç „w trybie
magistra wielozadaniowym”
match – dopasowaç must – musieç
maternity leave – urlop
macierzyƒski
MD (Managing Director)
– dyrektor g∏ówny, prezes
N
mechanical – mechaniczny
meet – spotkaç nearly – prawie
merger – ∏àczenie si´ spó∏ek need – potrzebowaç
message – wiadomoÊç net – netto
minority – mniejszoÊç network – sieç
miss – nie zdà˝yç (z czymÊ); never – nigdy
opuszczaç; przeoczyç nevertheless – jednak˝e
mistake – pomy∏ka niche – nisza
198
S∏owniczek
no-show – nieobecnoÊç utstanding – znaczàcy, wybitny,

notice – wypowiedzenie, oczekujàcy na realizacj´ (o
zawiadomienie zamówieniu)
nurse – piel´gniarka overdraft – debet (na koncie)
overheads – koszty ogólne
overlook – przeoczyç
overpaid – zbyt wysoko
O
op∏acany
overstaffed – za du˝o
objective – cel pracowników
offer – oferta, propozycja overtime – nadgodziny
office – biuro overwhelming – przyt∏aczajàcy
often – cz´sto owe – byç winnym (coÊ)
oil – ropa naftowa own – posiadaç
on – na
opportunity – mo˝liwoÊç,
sposobnoÊç
P
option – opcja, prawo
order – zamówienie parent company – spó∏ka-matka
original – oryginalny, part-time – cz´Êç etatu

unikatowy password – has∏o
other – inny patience – cierpliwoÊç
otherwise – w przeciwnym pay – p∏aca, wynagrodzenie,
wypadku p∏aciç
outcome – wynik, rezultat payment – p∏atnoÊç
outlet – punkt (sprzeda˝y) payroll – lista p∏ac
output tax – podatek nale˝ny peak – szczyt; osiàgaç
outsource – zleciç zewn´trznej maksimum
firmie pension – emerytura
S∏owniczek
performance review – ocena price fixing – zmowa cenowa

osiàgni´ç pracownika price-earning (P/E) ratio
perjury – krzywoprzysi´stwo – wskaênik cena/zysk (C/Z)
perks – korzyÊci niepieni´˝ne priority – priorytet
(np. s∏u˝bowy samochód)
private label – marka w∏asna
permanent – sta∏y sieci handlowej
personnel – kadry probationary period – okres
piece – kawa∏ek próbny
piece work – praca na akord process – przetwarzaç,
place – z∏o˝yç (zamówienie) obs∏ugiwaç
plaintiff – powód (w sprawie product range – asortyment
cywilnej) profit – zysk
plan – plan, planowaç
profit and loss account (BrE)
plummet – gwa∏townie spadaç – rachunek wyników
Point of Sale (POS) – punkt (zysków i strat)
sprzeda˝y profitability – zyskownoÊç
political correctness prohibited – zabroniony
– poprawnoÊç polityczna
project – projekt
porter – tragarz
promise – obiecywaç
position – stanowisko
promising – obiecujàcy
power – moc, energia
practical – praktyczny promotion – awans, promocja
practically – praktycznie property – w∏asnoÊç;

nieruchomoÊç
predictability
– przewidywalnoÊç proposal – propozycja
prepare – przygotowaç prosecution – oskar˝enie
press – prasa prosecutor – prokurator
pressure – presja protect – chroniç
price – cena provide – oferowaç
200
S∏owniczek
Public Limited Company (PLC) raise – podnieÊç (np. cen´)

– spó∏ka notowana na range – zakres
gie∏dzie
rapid – szybki
publish – publikowaç
rarely – rzadko
purchase – zakupiç; zakup
rat race – wyÊcig szczurów
purpose – cel
rate – stawka
put – k∏aÊç;
~ sth off – od∏o˝yç coÊ na raw materials – surowce
póêniej; reach – osiàgnàç
~ sb through – po∏àczyç reasonable – rozsàdny
kogoÊ; rebranding – zmiana marki
~ forward – przedstawiç,
recall – przypominaç sobie
zaproponowaç;
~ down to – przypisaç; on – recap – podsumowaç
za∏o˝yç; receipt – paragon
~ up with – wytrzymaç, receivables – nale˝noÊci,
znieÊç wierzytelnoÊci
recently – niedawno
Q receptionist – recepcjonistka
recommended – sugerowany
qualifications – kwalifikacje recovery – polepszenie
quality – jakoÊç recruit – zatrudniaç
quarter – kwarta∏ recruitment – rekrutacja
quit – opuÊciç reduce – obni˝yç, zredukowaç
redundant – zwolniony,
zredukowany
R reference number – numer
katalogowy
racketeering – wymuszanie references – referencje

okupu refresh – odÊwie˝yç
S∏owniczek
refund – zwrot; zwróciç resources – zasoby

registration – rejestracja responsibility
regret – ˝a∏owaç – odpowiedzialnoÊç
regulation – przepis restaurant – restauracja
reimburse – zwróciç (za coÊ) retail – detal, handel detaliczny
pieniàdze return – zysk, zwrot
release – wprowadziç na rynek; revenue – przychód
opublikowaç rewarded – wynagrodzony
relevant – odpowiedni ridicule – wyÊmiaç
reliable – solidny, niezawodny risk – ryzyko; ryzykowaç
relief – ulga rocket – skoczyç do góry
remain – pozostaç rubric – rubryka
remarkable – godne podziwu rude – nieuprzejmy
remember – przypominaç sobie;
pami´taç
remind – przypomnieç komuÊ
rent – czynsz S
repeat – powtórzyç
repetitive – powtarzajàcy sie, sack – wyrzuciç kogoÊ z pracy
rutynowy safe – bezpieczny
replace – wymieniç salary – pensja
reply – odpowiedê sales – sprzeda˝
report – raport sales representative
report (to sb) – podlegaç (komuÊ) – przedstawiciel handlowy
require – wymagaç salesperson – sprzedawca
requirements – wymagania same – tak samo, taki sam
Research & development (R&D) sample – próbka
– dzia∏ badawczo-rozwojowy save – oszcz´dzaç
202
S∏owniczek
say – mówiç (coÊ) shift work – praca zmianowa

schedule – plan, rozk∏ad zaj´ç shop (BrE) – sklep
script – skrypt, instrukcja short of cash – bez
post´powania wystarczajàcej iloÊci
secretary – sekretarka pieni´dzy
secure – bezpieczne short-term – krótkoterminowy
securities – papiery
shower – prysznic
wartoÊciowe
sick leave – zwolnienie
security – bezpieczeƒstwo
lekarskie
seem – wydawaç si´
signature – podpis
self-employed
– samozatrudniony significant – znaczàcy
sensitive – wyczulony similar – podobny
sentence – zdanie; skazaç kogoÊ since – od (okres czasu)
serious – powa˝ny single – pojedynczy
server – serwer skills – umiej´tnoÊci
set – ustawiaç;
slave – niewolnik
~ up – za∏o˝yç (np. firm´);
small – ma∏y
~ out – przedstawiç coÊ;
so – wić
~ about – zabraç si´ za coÊ;
social security – ubezpieczenie
~ aside – od∏o˝yç,
spo∏eczne
oszcz´dziç;
~ down – ustaliç sole trader (BrE)
– przedsi´biorca
shampoo – szampon
jednoosobowy
share – akcja
solve – rozwiàzywaç
share – udzia∏, akcja
shareholder (BrE) sometimes – czasami
– udzia∏owiec, akcjonariusz sophisticated – wyrafinowany
S∏owniczek
spell – przeliterowaç subsequently – nast´pnie

spend – wydawaç (pieniàdze) subsidiary – spó∏ka zale˝na
spoiled – zepsute successful – udany
stabilize – ustabilizowaç si´ sue – pozwaç kogoÊ do sàdu
start – rozpoczynaç suggestion – sugestia
state-of-the-art summarize – podsumowaç
– najnowoczeÊniejszy supervise – nadzorowaç
steady – sta∏y, stabilny supervisor – prze∏o˝ony
stimulating – stymulujàcy supervisory board – rada
stock – towar, udzia∏ nadzorcza
stockbroker – makler gie∏dowy supplier – dostawca
stockholder (AmE) supply – poda˝; dostarczaç,
– udzia∏owiec, akcjonariusz dostawa
store (AmE) – sklep supporter – zwolennik
strap line – slogan, has∏o surcharge – kara, grzywna,

reklamowe dop∏ata
strategy – strategia survey – badanie, ankieta

syllabus – program kursu
strengths – mocne strony
stressful – stresujàcy
strict – surowy, Êcis∏y T
strike – strajk; uderzaç;
uderzenie tailor-made – indywidualnie
stuffy – duszny projektowany („szyty na
miar´”)
sub-contractors
– podwykonawcy, takeover – przejćie
zleceniobiorcy tank – zbiornik
submit – wysy∏aç; sk∏adaç target – cel; celowaç w coÊ
subscription – abonament target group – grupa docelowa
204
S∏owniczek
task – zadanie troubleshooting

tax office – urzàd skarbowy – rozwiàzywanie problemów
taxpayer – p∏atnik podatku lub trust – ufaç

podatnik try – próbowaç
teacher – nauczyciel turn – przekrćaç;
tell – mówiç (komuÊ) ~ sb down – odmówiç

komuÊ;
temporary – tymczasowy
~ off – wy∏àczaç;
terminate – zerwaç,
~ on – w∏àczaç;
wypowiedzieç (umow´)
~ out – okazaç si´;
test – test; testowaç
~ up – przyjÊç, stawiç si´
threaten – groziç, zagra˝aç
turnover – obrót, przychód
threshold – próg
tyrant – tyran
tight – ciasny, napi´ty
time-consuming – czasoch∏onny
tip – napiwek
tiresome – mćzàcy
U
to compete – konkurowaç
unbearable – nie do zniesienia
trade – handel; handlowaç
underpaid – zbyt nisko
training – szkolenie op∏acany
translate – t∏umaczyç, understaffing – zbyt ma∏o
przek∏adaç pracowników
transparency – przezroczystoÊç, unethical – nieetyczne
uczciwe zasady unfair – nieuczciwy
travel – podró˝owaç unhelpful – niepomocny
Treasury Chamber – izba Unique Selling Point (USP)
skarbowa – oryginalna cecha produktu
trial – proces, rozprawa unit – sztuka, jednostka
S∏owniczek
university – uniwersytet wake-up call – budzenie

unlike – w przeciwieƒstwie do want – chcieç
upgrade – uaktualniaç, war – wojna
uaktualnienie warehouse – magazyn
upper-shelf – z górnej pó∏ki waste – marnowaç
urgent – pilny weather – pogoda
use – u˝ywaç well-paid – dobrze p∏atne
useful – u˝yteczny, przydatny wholesale – hurt
user – u˝ytkownik witch – wiedêma
usually – zwykle witness – Êwiadek
word-of-mouth advertising
– reklama „szeptana”
V work – pracowaç
worldwide – na Êwiecie
vacancies – wolne miejsca
wrap – pakowaç
Value Added Tax (VAT)
– podatek od towarów write – pisaç
i us∏ug
valued – ceniony
verdict – werdykt Y
victim – ofiara
volume – iloÊç, wolumen yet – jeszcze nie
W
Z
wage – wynagrodzenie
waiter – kelner zillion (pot.) – bardzo du˝o
206

Angielski W Pracy I Biznesie - Hubert Karbowy

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w pracy i biznesie

Intensywny kurs w 30 lekcjach

Redakcja i korekta: Pawe∏ Pokora

Projekt ok∏adki serii: 2-arts, Marcin Rojek

© Copyright by Wydawnictwo Lingo sp.j., Warszawa 2013

Sk∏ad i ∏amanie: Studio 27

S∏ownictwo dotyczàce zatrudnienia. Unit 8 48

Unit 3 20 S∏ownictwo opisujàce rynek. Czasownik do.

Wyra˝anie przysz∏oÊci. Czasowniki seem W hotelu i w podró˝y. Rozmowa przez

Unit 21 130 Unit 26 158

S∏ownictwo zwiàzane z podatkami. Czasowniki Konkurencja i rynek. Drugi tryb warunkowy.

Unit 22 136 Unit 27 164

Gie∏da i akcje. Opisywanie trendów i zmian. S∏owniczek skrótów 186

krótkiego tekstu, s∏ownictwa, objaÊnieƒ gra- bole z numerami odpowiadajàcych im

Najwa˝niejsze jest jednak to, ˝e korzysta-

ANNA: Mr Nowak... I’d like to introduce you to Mr Andrew Jones,

Wi´cej s∏ówek i zwrotów-

Powitanie, po˝egnanie, formy grzecznoÊciowe

Przy powitaniu i po˝egnaniu u˝ywamy typowych zwrotów:

Good morning. / Good afternoon. (Dzieƒ dobry!)

W sytuacjach oficjalnych u˝ywamy tytu∏u, imienia i nazwiska:

I’m looking for Ms Anna Grosz. (Szukam pani Anny Grosz.)

Po imieniu zwracamy si´ do osób, z którymi znamy si´ bli˝ej:

Oh, hello Andrew! (Witaj, Andrew!) – Andrew nie rozpozna∏

Mo˝emy zaproponowaç przejÊcie na „ty”:

Please, call me Stefan. (Mów mi Stefan.)

Cz´sto mówimy jakiÊ komplement lub zadajemy pytania:

Kraje, narodowoÊci i miasta

Przedstawiajàc si´ mówimy, skàd jesteÊmy:

I’m from Poland. (Jestem z Polski.)

Zwracamy szczególnà uwag´ na innà od polskiej wymow´ nazw krajów

Austria – Austrian, Belgium – Belgian, China – Chinese,

Wymowa i pisownia wielu nazw miast w j´zyku angielskim znacznie ró˝ni

Athens (Ateny), Beijing (Pekin), Brussells (Bruksela),

Przy pomocy s∏ówka shall, po którym wyst´puje czasownik w bezokoliczniku,

Shall we go into my office? (Pójdziemy do mnie do biura?)

1. U∏ó˝ wypowiedzi w odpowiedniej kolejnoÊci tak, by powsta∏ sensowny dialog.

a. .... Excuse me, I’m looking e. .... How do you do?

2. Dopasuj wypowiedzi 1–5 do a–e tak, by utworzyç sensowne mini-dialogi.

a. Is this your first time in 1. .... Thank you, I like it too.

3. U∏ó˝ zdania z podanych poni˝ej s∏ów.

1. Henry / me / please / call .......................

1. ’That’s £17.50, please... Eighteen... 50p change. Thank you!’ ...

5. Quiz – uzupe∏nij tabelk´ wpisujàc w odpowiednie miejsca angielskie

country nationality city

6. Dopasuj sytuacje a–e do propozycji 1–5.

1. I don’t like this restaurant. a. Shall we begin the meeting?

Wi´cej s∏ówek i zwrotów-

Angielskie s∏ówko would w po∏àczeniu z bezokolicznikiem ma znaczenie

Czasowniki z∏o˝one: look, turn

W j´zyku angielskim cz´sto u˝ywamy czasowników z przyimkami, które

1. Dopasuj pytania 1–5 do odpowiedzi a–e.

1. What kind of job are you a. The job involves selling

2. Uzupe∏nij luki wyrazami z ramki.

1. The annual .................... for this job is £18,000.

3. Wstaw w luki odpowiedni czasownik z ramki w po∏àczeniu z would.

1. The salary ................... very high at the beginning but

3. What would I do without a job in Glasgow?

4. Uzupe∏nij zdania czasownikami z∏o˝onymi w odpowiedniej formie.

1. PharmaBiz ........................ new employees in China.

Willing to make coffee...

MANAGER: – So, why do you want to join us at WebLab?