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    127 views184 pages

    Close Up C2

    Uploaded by

    Mara

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 184
    Contents multiple-choice, 11 Do You Mind? tideas. i922 kil choice, ering the 5 If At Firs ising paragraphs. inking roceed 5-78 rutile choice, Sealing with wfamifae words 6 Made of Money p7992 isting paragraphs, chock 7 Distant St 95-108 8 Knowledge is Power p 109-12 the Nest p 125-136] 10 Becau You're Worth it! se 42 Culture Shock p 169-102 Grammar Reference: 185-2 srukiple matching, scanning tents missing paragraph, reaclng lof raph content Speaking Porsonaiy, eliminating wre hrasal verbs, sconce & technology, deriving” | scompoundnauns, | propositions, word formation, | Colocation & exprosions | society & pales, word formation, 2b ars hei ver, collocations & exoressins, vrord formation | socal Communication, doling with symonymous vocabulary, word formation, phrasal verb, ellocations Rexpressions hopes & dreams, multiple-choice eve Silor moarings, phssel orbs, calle prepositions ‘money, multiple choice cloze, Becing with rcipe-choice lore tert, piraal ves, collocations & expressions trove! euture, understanding new Word phrasal var, word forme Colseations & expressions education, word formation, tring pre une prs verbs, prepasiions,callocations & expressions ‘work, doze, dealing wit pressions, mord formation, Bras verbs, collocations & expressions contumerlan, mutiplechoice prepeetions, sword formation, phrasal eros media, ord formation, est eet, muliple choice doze, ern tenses, pie & contin future forms, verbs, adjectives 8 pases to express the ft future nthe pat, care, el passive, transitive & intransitive Vatbs, avoiding he passive, Passive causative with get, key word formation, keep modal verbs, medality past tense ‘medals, negative forms, ned & dae, open caze, mating sure the word fs grammatically conditional, cloze, paying ate invertion, 20 & such seve past, ‘sould rather, would profr ha Detter. key word transformation, grdable & ungradable adjectives, Fodiying adver, open co reporting verb patterns, porting aggestons& quesvons, porting veron followed by a gorund, coz, relative uses, elative pronouns particle lausos, clases f reason Borpose result and contrast, key wore translation, writing the ronson open : rund, cefesentonce with dle Stosicing the svawer,eollocstions& fnpeestons, ward formation :xam Tasks content Sentences with what and all fey word formation, raking af te mg choice, avoiding double eaking Reference: g Reference: Emer) introducing yours, talking about yoursell ging formation talking about demas robots, colazorstiv tsk focusing onthe tas initing dscusion,eaking tus, iting your partner to speak tallng about the envionment & equality long a our shows, organising your thoughts hestatngroeing uncertain, responding to what your partner sei raking about language & ‘sing dncouree markers to start of, lexpresing an akertough, changing the subject indicating you have no more ossy Forwards sn taking about money & meorl decisions, long tum, etsning a convert Keeping discourse going, expresing isapproval summeg UP taking about volunteering abroad, planing & recommending, exptining, paring ecommencing, reaching a talking about spending school money dating and Sefencing talking about signs of maturiy, colaboratve ta tng Estenng| responding appropriately, agreeing & Gsagrocing poltely suggesting talking sbout responsible consumer, long turn, epesing for tne responding t folowup suestions, eising in nterupting poitey, handing Back aking about a tape for» documentary, recommending, reaching a consensus taking bout celebrations, vena the time i, involving your partes, supporting opinions with examples, changing the 3 Collocations & Expres Prepositions: Writing ay (1), planning & organising » ects eeay, planning hung ones, showing cause &aflact, | ‘gving an examale review (1), understanding the content | Nf rover kortnal engage, Proving background, liking, citing, recommending 5 onder, ‘Bre auestions to engage the reader, using imperatives, encouraging involvement atic (0, engeging eter following letter wring reason fr wring, givng reasons fr & discussing benets of using socal meds, assesing future role 30 (2), orang cating ents stating your apnion, emphasising & eonclading say (choosing between two topics, ‘ting a elective cisay, introducing your tops, changing topic, presenting essay (), analysing complementary [tere analysing the key ports, advanced report), understanding the content of report, writings reper, invedhction ‘Shing seommendations| ariel (2), how anil fe from essays, expressing a personel point of view artic (using natatives in arts, talking about choractrs and insecuies, averting and consumer review 2, understanding the purpose at ereview,sppiyng th oF 8 review, talking about Famous people, boaraphies, why ie worth eoding repor (2, gotting the most out ofthe promt material producna your om Eiion, talng about aepecte of culture, | Inuoducing positives and negatives ions: p20 Phrasal Verbs: pat From the Same Neon Seas Dirty Emery Elephant Alert Surviving Desay Everest ‘Alaskan Money Laundering Reef Cleaner Environmental Theme Par Best Job: Skateboor rom rash Rito of Passge p22 Do You Mind? 5 Do You Mind? Reading A. Read the list of factors that influence human behaviour. Which factor(s) can you change? Which factor(s) do you have no control over? + genetics + thoughts and foelings ‘the physical environment + interaction with other individuals + interaction within and between groups Text 1 PHINEAS GAGE: A TEXTBOOK CASE —§ Unbeknown to Phineas Gage, a terible brain injury that he sustained in 1848 contributed tothe history of neuroscience ‘and psychology. His miraculous survival, and the effects ofthe injury upon his character, made Gage an important case study for scentsts concerned with the brain and human behaviour. [At the time ofthe accident, 25-year old Gage was working as @ foreman onthe construction of arairoad in Vermont, USA In those days, dynamite was often used to blast aay rock and clear ‘a path fr the railway. One day, Gage was using along ron rod to ‘Compact explosives into a hole inthe rock. Upon hitting the rock, the iron rd produced a spark that ignited the explosives. The subsequent blast propelled the rod through Gages lft cheek, tore through his brain and exited through the top of hs skull landing some ten metres avy. Fearing the worst, his family made funeral arangements. Against all odds, however, after niall slipping ito a semicomatose State, Gage recovered, physically atleast. Mentally though, fis injury appeared to have produced a dramatic change in his personality From being wel-iked and successful, he became rude, ‘agressive and socially inappropriate. According to is frends and Acquaintances, he was no longer himself. Although he lost his position as a foreman, he managed to hold down othe jobs, but tied twelve year later following aseres of epileptic seizures. In moder psycholagy his condition is known as posttraumatic Social isinhition acquired asa result ofthe damage tothe frontal lobe. We now know that this part of the brain is our emotional ‘control centre and home to our personality. tis involved in a whole range of high-level cagnitive functions, suchas decision-making, planning inhibiting inappropriate behaviour, soda interaction, Lnderstanding other people and self-awareness. However, inthe nineteenth century scientists wer struggling to understand these Connections. Gage’ injuries provided the first solid evidence for a link between bran trauma and personality change. ‘Today research is stil being conducted ito his condition and the majority of introductory psychology textbooks mention Gage. His skull an the iron rod are on dspay atthe Warren Anatomical ‘Museum at Harvard University and are the most sought-out ig temsther. B_ Quickly read Toxt 1. What caused the drastic change in the man's behaviour? Which factor in A best describes the cause? Why? © Quickly read Text 2. How did the AIFS study ‘assist optimal development. differ from other studies? Text 2 What is positive development? ‘Agiound-breaking s 30-year study into childhood temperament and its impact on adult behaviours, conducted by the Australian Institute ‘of Family Studies (AIFS), tracked the progress and ‘well-being of more than 1,000 children from infancy to their late twenties. Many studies collect data about what goes wrong jn young people's lives, and this information is {nvaluable, but itis only part of an intricate mostic. ‘The AIFS researchers are keenly interested in what 4s going right in the lives of young adults. Much of ‘thelr research is devoted to looking at young people's successes and skills, nd evidence that they are ‘thriving, This is called positive development. Positive development is not simply the absence of problems, but involves achieving optimal evelopment and wellbeing, In measuring positive development in young people, researchers look for attributes and behaviours that enable them to. take an active role in the community; be trusting. ‘and tolerant of people in society, especially those from different backgrounds; have confidence that important organisations in society would generally behave ethically and fairly; be responsible and ‘empathetic in their relationships with others; and fee! satisfied with their life and where itis heading. ‘Young people high in these qualities are considered ‘tobe developing positively and functioning well. Equally important to researchers is which determinants earlier in life help people to develop these strengths and thrive as young adults. To ‘answer this, they looked back to the data the young people and their families had provided when they twere children and adolescents. They found that ‘young people who thrived later on in life tended in childhood and adolescence to have experienced. strong family relationships, strong relationships ‘with their peers, better adjustment to life at school better control over thelr emotions, and an interest in ‘community involvement, The study concluded that. all of these experiences are assets in helping young people to flourish as they become adults. ‘The findings are an invaluable resource for developing interventions and programmes that reduce risks and also strengthen protective factors t m ead the Exam Close-up. Then look at the Exam Task below and read the options + each question, E Now complete the Exam Task. Exam Task tivo passages from a scientific journal, then answer questions according tothe information given in passage. Text {at is the main purpose of the passage? 2 to provide an introduetion to psychology to explain how the human brain functions ¢ to show how an accident led to a breakthrough to describe the limitations of nineteenth century scientists -ording to the passage, what happened to Gage ring the accident? 2 The exploding rock hit his head. > He was injured by the dynamite. € He was thrown a distance of ten metres. The rod went straight through him. As a consequence of his injury, Gage 2 displayed a loss of socal inhibitions. was unable to find ather employment. © immediately suffered seizures that led to his death, no longer had any friends + What can be inferred from the last paragraph? Gage’s brain has become a popular exhibit, © Fascination with Gage continues. His condition still bales scientists Many books have been written about him, F Find words in the texts that moan the seme as the following. 1 to experience loss injury or damage 2 involving conscious intellectual activity 3. aserious injury 4 bert idoal or top 5 having the ability to understand another's feelings 6 factor or couse * ‘Behaviour is the product of a multitude of interrelated factors. Which factocs influence you the most? Why? Text 2 What is the passage mainly about? examining individual growth overcoming problems € the benefits of long studies d_ ways of researching behaviour In the second sentence of paragraph 3, to what does the word them refer? researchers attributes behaviours young people According to the passage, what can be inferred about young people who are not developing positively? 8 Many of their relationships are troubled. b They possibly lack faith in the authorities, © There is little that can be done for them, They possess no positive attributes. What will the results of the study likely lead to? better parenting b improved peer relationships € methods for assisting some children d_ suggestions for further research ‘Looking for the main purpose or idea of atext *+ The options will include statements about the text that are true, but which do not represent the overall purpose (or main idea, ‘+ For these questions, eliminate the options that give information about only one aspect ofthe text *+ Look at the remaining options to see which one encompasses the writer's main point of view, or purpose. Ideas Focus + Isevil the result of circumstances or choices? What about good? * Do you think it’s OK for 2 man or woman to show emotion in public? Why? / Why not? 5 | Do You Mind? ‘A. Complete the words in the sentences with the prefixes ab, dys-, mal- and mis-. What meaning do these profixes share? 1 2 3 4 5 6 Isa te spent youth, devoted only to pleasurable pastimes and pursuits. functional relationship; | don’t know why they're still together. Sadly, children who suffer continued neglect often become adjusted adutts. ‘The psychologist was at a loss to explain the patient's ___errant behaviour. ‘Trauma to the brain led to ain) ‘normal mental condition in the pation Our old neighbour was quite the _— anthrope who avoided all human contact. B_ Complete the sentences with the words in the correct form. 1 2 3 4 5 6 are BSEeH | bear breed [conduct exert swallow "vent Harry is always his anger; he really needs to calm down! They had a disagreement months ago, but Amy still him a grudge. Don't spend all your time with Fred; afterall, familiarity contempt Why don’t you jus your pride and apologise to your fiend? The football players themselves appallingly during the return fight. Mike's so-called friends were pressure on him to quit university Whenever we have visitors, it ‘our nosy neighbour's curiosity. Vanessa began to her independence once she turned 18. Je the odd ones out. adamant cynical inflexible obstinate lated jubilant overjoyed meticulous apathetic dispassionate uneasy withdrawn compulsive neurotic obsessive obnoxious amiable impassive poised serene: eloquent principled scrupulous upright D Use the odd words out in C to complate the sentences below. 1 2 3 4 5 6 He'll never change; he'll always be a nasty, bad-tempered, litle man! Isa pleasure to be in her company as she is always 50 and welcoming, Madge had become in her old age and was distrustiul of my motive for helping her. An The suspect began to fee! when the detective mentioned a speaker, the prime minister had won many battles in pariament over the years. CTV camera. by nature, Alex made sure every detail was perfect on the day of the wedding, een Pe lersopeT apy 1s the correct words. esearch says that boys are more gullible / vulnerable to ssure than gil. yy whom you saw me with earlier, is a distant emote relative of mine. y Tina's company very much and she says the ling ie mutual / reciprocal. -ouple fight a lot; they're not in the least bit mpanionable / compatiole. herever Bilis, you'll find Ben; those two are inseparable / unified ind Deb aren't a couple; their relationship is purely ssophical / platonic. thing compares to a parent's conditioned / unconditional love for thelr child 8 Alex's a loving husband who is devoted / dependent to his wife, Maria asal verbs iplete the sentences with the phrasal verbs in the correct form. Dr eee al ow long have you known Gina?" ‘Oh, we years, 2. Gavin is looking for a new place because he —___ with his flatmate. 3. They used to be thick as thieves, but they ___ some years ago. 4 Martin says he intends to travel e looks as though Emma ‘and wasn't realy interested in him, Please don'tlet a silly argument you and your closest friend. Young people often feel pressure to with their peers ames ce the courage to say no when his friends wanted to steal a car. ow does your stupid behaviour benefit you? What de you —___it? Boliove me, if you what you believe in, peoplo will respect you for it Circle the correct words. chard won't stop talking and I'm trying to concentrate. He's doing / pushing my head in! 2. Lake's friends are always urging / eaging him on to do stupid things, so he's constantly in trouble, Stop teasing / winding Jess up about her new boyfriend ~ just leave hor alone! hate having to speak infront of a big audience ~it really stresses / pressures me out. 5 | i es Be Je Poor pressure exists across society, affecting people bene tnd adverse. Int caso ofthe later, cera sk factors hav. boon identi that can make young people prone to undue, and often unwelcome, influence. When this occurs, there are strategies that can be used to handle the problem, Peers play an important role in a teenager's life as adolescent is the time when the desire to fit in and find acceptanco and approval from the group is strongest. The need for approval |s not bad in itself. tis part of what motivates adolesconts te ‘take extra care with their appearance, for instance. At times. however, the desire to either impress or gain acceptance by == group becomes excessive, and can result in people choosin: to take risks, with potentially serious consequences. Similad they might engage in behaviour that is extremely hurtful, ike ridiculing someone with a physical or mental disabilty = F Look at the example essay again and answer the questions. 1 Isita good opening paragraph? Why? Which elements of the writing task does it refer to? 2 Whats the focus ofthe first main paragraph? Ist stated in a topic sentence? 3 What isthe focus of the second main paragraph? sit stated in a topic sentence? 4 Aro the writer's views supported by reasons and/or examples? 5 Are the writers viows summarised in the final paragraph? 6 Is the essay written in a formal and impersonal style? How has the writer achieved this? 7 How has the writer liked the frst and second main paragraohs? 8 Find and underline words and phretes that refer back to something in a previous sentence. G Choose one of the risk factors from B. Write a Paragraph explaining why it can make someone vulnerable to peer pressure and what problems this can lead to. Remember to begin with a topic sentence. When you have finished, swap with Partner and edit each other's work. Inning & using topic sentences ‘+ Read the prompt carefully to fully ‘understand your task * Bofore you start writing, plan your essay, ensuring all elements af the task will be covered, ‘+ Make sure you begin each paragraph with a topic sentence. This sentence should explain to the reader what you will be talking about in that paragraph, H_ Read the Exam Close-up and then complete the Exam Task below. Use the paragraph plan and the Useful Expressions to help you. “The only thing necessary forthe triumph of evilis for good men to do nothing" Under hat circumstances might someone not at to prevent evi? What do you think people should do when faced with evl? Support, ne Kapa GustorFedival your epinion with reasons and examples. DIMERS | Wce your essay n 280-320 words Se reat Introduction: In your own words, clearly stato the topic to be discussed. ‘Useful Expressions + ‘Main paragraph 1: Consider a situation in which Showing cause & effect Giving an example | someone might not act to prevent Therefore Forinstance ei. Give reasons and examples, | Asaresut in other words Main paragraph 2: Offer your opinion on what people For thisreason . Typical of his should do when faced with evi. ‘This suggests that. That is to say .. Conclusion Sum up your views and express your | in consequence ofthis Akey example ire cpm ‘Owing to/Due to the fact . A.goad illustration of this is. ‘hen such situations arise, knowing where to draw the line is vitally important. Otherwise, by giving in and My grandmather makes and recelves cals. Occasionally, she engages in SMS exchanges — mind you, nothing too challenging - simple text, no altachments, She's not fussed with photos, emails. or apps — her requirements are the most basic. The Geniusé would suit her to aT. fact, senior tizens should bal get ther hands on ths device ’ ining up round the bik lke teens for Tay Tay concer tickets Unfortunately for ABT, the granny market was:not what they had in mind for the Gentus4, Print and “TV ads, brimming with 20-eomethings sporting zeitgeist beards, genie pants and Soopy beanies, are tastamant to that, Tha phone, however, Coasr'® measure up fo hat demographic, Generations ¥ and, need high-capacity batteries, deskiop-qualty web pages, good music storage, better video capabiltise ‘and a camera to delver top-netch selfes, The Geniusd fal fat ‘Atinough the camera has simlar specs to other phones, thas a nasty tendency to over expose images! ‘and lpse deta. I's nowhere near as good asthe best chone cameras onthe market, and for an asleng) frioe of £499, | would expect Ito be Contrary to popuiar opinion, intresting things are happening in the smartphone word, Not ony has tha} bar been raise signfcanty in terms of what we expect rem our phones and that features, we've also boon exposed toa weaith of new technologies and novel ways of interacting with our phones. But f youve found recent offerings to be underwhelming, ABT's new Genius4 isn Ikely to mak you cancer tse fld which ria pane, denon nd PERSEVERE ' 8 Carbon dioxide accounts for the majority of gas from human activities. EMIT Collocations & Expressions G Discuss the expressions with a partner. What do you think they mean? | el Now complete the sontonces. 1. Automotive technology has progressed to the point where soon, the driver will __justsitin hile it drives ise 2. We want global agreement en climate change, but ________, talks between world leaders fail and w are nowhere near a solution 3 When you drive in an urban environment, the constant stopping and starting leads to_____________ont brakes. 4 Due toa last-minute hitch, it was __whether the space shuttle would actually launch 5 Itwasn't obvious at fet, but the factory waste releaseid into the river killed of al the fish 6 Text messages few __________ between Martin and George as they tried to find each other at the crowded football stadium. 7. An accident at the plant triggered an explosion; fortunately, all the workers were found 8 Dressing quickly because he was late for a lecture, Nathan accidentally put on his jumper H_ Read the Exam Close-up. Then complete the Exam Task below. For questions 1 ~ 8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap, . Genes Are Us q Ahuman and a grain of rice not, at fist (1) look like cousins. And yet we share a quarter of our genes with that fine plant. Al animals, plants and fungi share an ancestor that lived about 1.6 billion years ago. Everything that (2) ‘rom that progenitor retains part ofits original genome, embodying one of evolution’s 3) principles: ifi’s not broken, don’t fxit. Since ‘evolution has conserved so many genes, exploring the genomes of ‘other species can (4) light on genes involved in human biolagy and disease Genes can disappear and new ones can arise from mutations in DNA that previously (5) some other function or no function W's 6) ‘surprising that we share more genes with chimpanzees than with rice because, by (7) large, we've shared most of our evolutionary journey with those apes. And as we (8) through the small portion of our genes with no counterpart in chimpanzees, we may be able to find aditional clues as ‘to what makes us uniquely human 1A look B glimpse sight D glance 2 A sprang B proceeded € descended —D_originated 3A vital B key © prime. D crucial Identifying collcations 4A shed Baim © hu D pitch 1+ Try to decide what type of word 5 A played B enforced C served D « cananes wade tray bo s 6 A very B barely © rarely ° #2 collocation idiom or set 7 Ao B and © nor D sion BA sit B seek © sean D * Once you have chosen your answer m the options, read the sentence into check that it makes sense. 24 Gianna Future Forms A. Read the sentences and questions. Underline the future forms. 1. Don't wait until the last minutel All the bast tickets will have gone. Will you be transferring the funds electronically? The tech company is to move its headquarters to Japan, You're to text me when you get home. | shan’t tak to you until you take your headphones off Match 1-5 with the meanings ae. Which future forms express: obligations? formal announcements? formal questions? ‘completed actions before a certain time? determination? Circle the correct words. You are to / shal flag this email as urgent. What verb tense do we use after when to refer to the future in a sentence? Which other temporals do we use in the same way? Look at some more examples of sentences with temporals. Which tense is used and why? 1. Once artificial intelligence has developed, humans willbe in trouble, 2. As soon as the plane lands, they'll announce ite ara While you are browsing our products you'll notice our opening offers. After I've been diving all morning, ll be very relaxed. Sere eee REE) 2 As soon as you are going to log / have logged in, this screen appears. 3 Once she has had / is having a few lessons, Great Aunt ly will become a siNer surfer. 4 \'m just about / due to order pizza online, if you want some. S| shan’t bother / am not bothering to call until you turn / will turn your phone ont While you are shopping / have shopped today, will / shall you buy me some batteries? Read the paragraph and decide whether the verbs in bold are correct. Write the correct form if they are wrong. Storing knowledge for future generations itis expected that technology (1) is progressing its clear that ever greater volumes f information (2) are going to be stored digitally and there isa danger that when formats (3) will change be lost Historians say that we ae in danger of losing knowledge because digital storage lke hard drives (5) are deteriorating scientists (6) are going to use managed If this (@) works, __ exponentially in the next decades. ata (4) will _ in future. To solve this problem, DNA to record a variety of data, After they (7) have ~~ 10 do so, the whole of Facebook (8s fitting ‘not only (10) will they have found in atest tube. a lasting solution to the problem of data storage, but one that will need minimal space. Complete the sentences with the correct temporal 1. Please text me to let me know 7 2. Hi, Ben! How are you? ? 4 5 3p shouting! I'm not going to spoak to you Lsten, can | call you back? Iwas you find out your exam results, go out you're tidying your room, can you see if you can find your house keys! ve bought that new tablet, I'l be able to watch films on the school bus. you calm down! Bright Ideas Verbs with a future implication H_ Look at the sentences and answer the questions. We hope to see you We expect to arrive early. We anticipate a few problems eer ere ony ieee patare ito How can we write these sentences including will 2. What do these verbs imply about the future events? Adjectives and phrases expressing the future Future in the past J 1 Look at the sentences and answer the questions. Read the sentences describing the future in the 2 Astormis looming / brewing in the technology Cee te comprny, Some ofthe inventions the scence fcton writer ee described would become realy ater Others were al newer going to happen. In June he travelled toa There is bound / certain / sure to be a breakthrough. ee Which expresses something negative? following week ‘ause he was signing books the Which expresses certainty? When we describe the future from a time in the past Which expresses something will happen very soon? willbecomes «is going . ented aM tobecomes—————— and Present Continuous becom: Sr eee K Read the blog extract and underline all the verbs, phrases and adjectives which refer to the future. “The organisors ofthe technology extibon, which s fast approaching, donot emisage ay robles. They Panta hire ens seafto cope wrth the nurs ee they predic tha attendance a Mir be recretresting. The press lear thee wl be Gsostr andthe puble creed te effec. : nthe coe transport oyster The rgensers, however ho are courting on evening running | most foresee a resbundng succe6s and Say we can lok fonwerd ta th bet: ehtbon ava wr all the moor tach compente showing of tr new products and gedgets tat erin the Pipl Tove ibe pry of surprises store and rumour has the unving of sore gre Frnovaione © onthe cars, As ebye keep you posted on ts and other upcoming ech event L._ Complete the table with the verbs, phrases and adjectives from K. Add any others from the grammar referers aoa [peseve [negative a ey oe pea [era oreee [hope [fear expe phrases | onthe Tbe looming / be ‘am (ust) Js bound / certain / —_ sa eng woostts | swe taba | penis 26 . ———————— he bold sections of these sentences using a phrase, verb or adjective from the table i entists are going to create a vaccine for the common cold very soon. (phrase) ‘eeling really positive about starting my new job in electrical engineering, (verb) 2re a lot of interesting new projects that will start soon. (phrase) ° the lack of funding, | can see a bleak future for scientific research inthis country. (verb) have now replaced all warehouse staff. To be honest it was definitely going to happen sooner or later "is busy preparing his presentation for next week's launch of the new smartphone. (edective) ‘the Exam Close-up and then complete the Exam Task. Which of * predictions for the future do you think will come true? Identifying distractors ‘+ When you read through the text, try to fil in the gaps without looking at the options + Remember that you need to read the text carefully ta avoid choosing the wrong ansiver, because leck of attention to detail means you will miss subtle clues that lead to the correct answer» Make sure the sentences and the whole extract make sense, look out for answers with negative connotations that can change the mening of sentences and paragraphs ‘+ Sometimes the word in one gap influences the next. Make sure they both make sense. Make sure you understand the sequence of events when choosing words related to time. ‘he passage, then select the word or phrase that fils the blank in both meaning and grammar. + passage is about future technology. ugh the future is impossible to predict accurately, futurists (1) ___ever stop trying. Based on the ce of what is possible, they can often make good guesses about the technologies that are in the a Many experts (3) = incredible progress in technology, which is 4 to change our lives forevor. In al likelihood, smart technology will spread to every aspect of 1s cars are already being tested, and (S)___ they have proved to be safe, they will become ~mon and there will be fewer road accidents. Wearable technology is (6) —___;t00, with some =S.cting that by 2020 computers and phones will already have been incorporeted into clothes. Also in 7 are sensors in your jacket which will warn you about traffic (8) — = you cross the < if you forget to look laf and right. You won't need much space in your wardrobe, which will contain just one all- pose nanofibre outfit that changes shape and colour. Not only clothes, but our bodies, t00, wil carry technology in ‘orm of cybernetic implants allowing us to surf the Internet with our brains. Another development, which is —___ to be very controversial, is artificial intelligence. The possibilty that a computers intelligence 1d exceed a human's i, for some scientists, a sure signal of (10) doom. won't wil ta 6 © shan't aren't eee 2 a horizon b pipeline way cards Cees ene 3 a fear b plan © hope d foresee 4a due b about © probably d_ unlikely 5 a before b until © though donee 6 a forthcoming upcoming imminent. d_ envisaging 7 a point b may © store d future Baas b after © while d_ before 9 a bound b dread © possible — d_certainly 0 looming b brewing offing ¢_impending Listening A Work with a partner and discuss what has happened to the phones in the photos. How do you think the owners feel and what should they do next? B Ifyou had to live without your mobile phone for a week, what would you miss most and why? Discuss with a partner Road the Exam Close-up. Thon read the Exam Task below and think about the things you might hear D i021) Now listen and complete the Exam Task. Identifying themes before listening ‘+ Before you listen, read the questions and the answer options carefully and identify the main theme of the listening. ‘+ Think about the kinds of ideas and attitudes you are likely to hearin relation to the overall theme. ‘You will hear five short extracts in which different people talk about doing without their mobile phones. Task 1 Task 2 For questions 1-5, choose from the ist (A~H) what For quastions 6 ~ 10, choose from the lst (A ~H), what reason each speaker gies fo ding without he ‘each speaker missed most about their mobile phone. mobile phone) While you listen, you must complete both tasks. it was too distracting being connected itdiseppesred making phone calls it was broken beyond repair social media it was someone elses fault some personal pictures it was not waterproof favourite apps it was stolen getting woken up it was lost games and email messages itneaded expert attention . a complete list of contacts Speaker 1 Speaker 1 Speaker 2 Speaker 2 Speaker 3 Speaker3 Speaker 4 Speaker Speaker 5 Speaker E_ BEID Now listen again 28 Speaking A cok at the photos. Work with a partner and answer these questions. robots ever be able to replace humans in jobs requiring more mechanical skils, e.g. the caring and teaching professions? (think the fect that life will Become increasingly automated in ture is @ good thing? Why? / Why not? t kind of work are robots best suited to and why? ced the Exam Close-up. Then look at the Exam Task below and siscuss with a partner the key things you are being asked to do. © Now work with a partner and complete the Exam Task Focusing on the task * ln the first task, you need to speculate and not just describe « Photo. Listen carefully to the instructions and reed the ttle "at goes With the photos so that you focus on the task. * Keep to the topic; make sure you understand the spectic lestions the examiner asks. + Listen car ly to your partner and respond to what they say, Pictures A and B, Talk to each other about what the photos are 1ng and your reactions to them. ra brinch thea rg Jamring 7 Useful Expressions - ‘ok at all the pictues. imagine that a magazine is planning an = on domestic robots. These pictures wil ilustrate the article. Talk L ing discussion 8k sther about the ways in which robots could improve domestic life. Right, | think this one is... whereas this one is. ‘ow people feel about having robots in their homes, | Well what we have here is Um, let'ssee the frst thing that strikes me is ‘What’ striking about this photo is "notice that there’, ‘Am right about that, do you think? Perhaps you can help me out? Taking turns Yes, and Id keto adel that Youre right, but we mustn't forget that | But onthe other hand, you could argue that | Toa cera extendere, ages, but | We mustrt forget that, Going back to your frst point | Picking up on your last point. | Inviting your partner to speak | Iscjustme, oF do you fee that..2 ‘could be wrong, but don't you think that ..? So what do you think about... |_Weuld you agree that...? | «decide together how manufacturer: estic robots, 5 can encourage people to use Why do people sometimes find robots a bit creepy? * Should technology companies invest in developing domestic help robots? Why? / Why not? 30 Writing: a review (\) Understanding the content of areview the reader venue or @ performance. recommendation, A. Read the introduction to @ review below. Circle the factual information about an event and underline the writer's personal input. ‘When my science-mad friend asked me to accompany him to the tate Science Fair last week, | must admit | wasn't particularly keen, Afterall, science is for nerds, right? But my friend was adamant, and so I reluctantly agreed to go. Could the fair at the Darwin Centre change my views about science, technology, engineering and maths? C Read this writing task and answer the questions. 1 What isthe topic of the review? 2. What specific aspects must you cover in your review? 3. Make notes about the sorts of things you could describe at a technology exhibition D Read this example review. What does the writer warn people about? Technology Through Time: An Extraordinary Exhibition 'When the promotional email for ‘Technology Through Time” landed in my inbox, | was more than alte curious. As 8 Jeng-time techie, Ive always been fescinated by the power ‘of humans to invent ever more sophisticated technology. So {ast Saturday aftemoon found me atthe National Science Museum. First things first. The museum is offering free entry to the tech exhibition when you purchase a ticket for the permanent ‘collection, otherwise i's 3 hefty £20. General entry is only £15. Bear in mind, though, that £20 buys you direct entry to the exhibition, For the cheaper option, you have to make ‘your way through the entire permanent collection before you get to the tech exhibition, and i's quite a walk. While most people won't mind, others may fee! less happy about this Ikeasike experience, (Once you're in, you won't be disappointed. The timeline cof inventions begins in the present with a zero-emission car and travels back to the telephone, In between, there's = A review combines factual information and description with persona ‘pinion, The tone should be friendly and informal, and sho. ‘+The factual information should answer basic questions about wht, where, when, etc. as well as focus on the specific aspects to discusted, as outlined in the prompt; for example, comme’ + It requires clear organisation with an introduction stating what the review is about, a main body where specific aspects are discussed, and a conclusion that includes the writer's overall opinion anc B Read the introduction again and answer the questions. 4+ Regarcing the event; has the writer included information about what, whe and when? 2. How has tho writor ted to engage the 3. Has tho reader been fly informed abou the purpose ofthe rovion? ‘A magezine has asked for reviews of local events that people have been to and would recommend to its readers. You decide to send in a review in which you describe a technology exhibition you attended recently. You should also say what you enjoyed most about it and explain why you feel its worth visting. Write your review. ‘a multitude of clever machines and devices, from drones: ‘and microchips to VCRs. | got was on answering the question, "How did we get here?’ {As you travel further back in time, you appreciate not on) how advanced we have become, but also what pioneers ur early scientists mere. i's quite a thought-provoking arrangement. As a die-hard gamer, | was particularly thrilled to see the: ‘older generation games lke Tetris, Super Mario, Pac-Man ‘and Pong, As an added bonus, the exhibition is hands-on ‘30 lactually got to play the games, although I'm ashamea} to say | was easily beaten by e 12-year-old gir. The:only ‘drawback was that | had to wait ages for my turn. Ifyou ‘there early, though, this isn't an issue. "Technology Through Time' is an awesome experience fe" ‘anyone, not just tech heads lke me. It puts into pers some of our greatest inventions and leaves you wonders ‘What's next? I's on until the 20th, A definite must-see! fre: E where oe the Look at the introductions in A and in the example review again and answer the questions Read the opening sentence of each. What do they have Read the rest of the two introductions. Do the writers ive their overall opinion about the events they sttonded? Do the introductions make the reader interested in nding out what the writers" apinione are? Look at the underlined compound adjectives in the example review. They help to streamline the by requiring fewer words. How can the following descriptions be streamlined? «device that you hold in your hand gadget that eves you labour: 3. aninterface thats fend tothe user something you experience once in time: an engine thats powered by fuk » battery that has ong life 1 your notebook, write sentences about technology using some of your own compound adjectives. ‘ad the Exam Close-up. Then complete the Exam sk below. Use the paragraph plan and the Useful Say what you are reviewing and. sive some background, Give some information about the Describe the exhibits in the museum, Say what you enjoyed the most and why. Briefly express your overall opinion and give your recommendation. =n paragraph 1: paragraph 2: sin paragraph 3: Exam up Using informal language Set the scene with some fun background information, + Use informal language to engage readers if they are your peers + Informal language includes colloquial expressions, contractions, phrasal verbs and idioms. *+ Use humour to lighten the tone. Useful Expressions Providing background ——_Disliking Asa science Retion fon The only drawback was Hel ss happy about Iedidetliveup to expectations Itprobably wont appeal to.» Recommending lesa definite must-see ‘You wont be disappointed. | would urge you to go. Dont miss it Dont waste your time. Not having been toa science museum before Being amad tech enthusiast king |was especialy pleased with ‘The highlight for me was. What caught my attention in particular was Exam Task ‘A newspaper has asked for reviews of museums tha people have been to and would recommend to its readers. You decide to send in a review in which you describe @ science museum you visited recently. You should also say what you enjoyed most about it and explain why you feel it is worth visiting, ‘Write your review in 280-320 words. Before you watch A Look at the photos. What do they have in common? Match the words to the meanings. 1 biofluorescence peacefulness - 2 cartilaginous 1b witha skeleton of cartilage, not bone - 3 aquarium «the ablty to absorb light, transform it and emit it aso different colour 4 serenity da building containing tanks of live fish and other marine life r While you watch . C Watch the video. Look at the statements below and write T for true and F for false. 11 The scientists discovered the fuorescent eel by accident. Bicfluorescence is a rare phenomenon “The ‘Coral Triangle’ is home to a great diversity of marine species. Species of both bony and cartlaginous fish exhibit biefluorescence Coral ae brighter than cat sharks. oO Itis not clear why biofluorescence exist. After you watch D Complete the summary of the video clip below using these words Researchers studying bioflvorescent (1) __ - __ discovered that other marine wildlife including els, rays and sharks exhibited biofluorescence. Indeed, itis not such a rare (2) _ as they had previously believed. While fing off the Selomon islands, a place with some of the most abundant marine (3) cee on the planet, they came across cat sharks, which are brilliantly s fluorescent, Ths fluorescence is visible all over theie bodies, on their skin and even in their eyes, but itis not “ yet clear what the (4) ofits, To see the phenomenon of biofluorescence, the . divers use (5) to create a very pure blue, to reproduce the light in the animals’ 7 @—__ ‘Another fiter, a yellow ane in front of the camera, allows the researchers to $00 the light emitted by the animals. The scientists wonder if other fish can see this and whether it plays @ role in their a 7 Filming marine life in the (8) — “at right creates a feeling of ®) thet the scientists love. The fluorescence gives the ilusion of being on another planet, i like a Martian (10) — ie Ideas Focus | ‘+ Ismatine research important? Why? / Why not? as + What threats do our oceans face? + How do people view diferent marine lie, for ‘example sharks and dolphins? Why? r questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. iendship ‘edship is based on a number of factors. These include similarity between people and (1) __ interests. Close cis are also in (2) __with each other and can sense shifting moods. Loyalty too is important ands evident when (3) fora friend. That much is (4) —_ known, ‘cent years a body of scientitic research has (§)___ more ight on friendship. One study looked at opposite-sex "dships and concluded that such (6) relationships are difficult to maintain over time. Another study found that =" people fallin love, the new person displaces two others in your close circle. Ths s because love takes time away ~ seeing friends end so people (7) __ apart. In fact, in a provious study, scientists (8) that we have five close ds, but that people in a relationship have four, including their partner. tists have also discovered that people with a wide circle of friends live longer and are happier. So it's a good idea old on to your friends. 1A reciprocal B communal related D mutual 2 A tune B wavelenath © common D terms 3A backup B stick up © look up D keep up 4 A broadly B usualy © widely D extensively 5A thrown B shed C tuned D directed & A platonic B friendly C amicable spirtual ‘ 7 A Glide B flow © drift D float 8 A analysed B assessed © computed calculated = For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one ord in each space. Modern technology and you individual who grow up with sevanced technology is known asa digital (9) By and Fo) the term applies to children who have grown up using the internet, computers 4 mobile devices. tis(11)_____aurprsing that they have a greater understanding of digital ‘nology then those who were born before itbecame widespread. (12) to their familiarity ‘such advanced technology, they are better able to adapt to even newer technologies as they come along,

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