In the Decolonization of Singapore (2003), the development of an indigenous nationalism

movement British colonial rule in Singapore prior to its independence. The diverse ethnic,
religious, and cultural immigrant communities populating Singapore then had little basis to
unite. Coupled with a stable and favorable business climate under pre-World War II colonial
rule, local desire for self rule was limited in the 19 th century, gang conflicts among the Chinese
community tried to undermine colonial authority but the 1890 Societies Ordinance sent
Chinese secret societies underground. Global political developments and nationalistic waves
strengthened interest in independence prior to WWII. However anti-colonial movements
remained marginal because of egalitarian treatment by the British and their recruitment of
local collaborators to bolster British power. By the end WWII, Britains humiliating defeat by
japan sparked desires for independence among most Singaporeans. Additionally, pro-British
political figures and collaborators had lost their popularity, creating opportunities for new
political parties to gain power. Furthermore, British crackdowns on the countrys growing
number of left-wing groups and activities boosted anti-colonial sentiment among the public.