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Chapter 2 Solutions of Equations in One Variable
Chapter 2 Solutions of Equations in One Variable
And n tripe
f(«) =
(*-P) k(*)
rator
e be t arees Poifive uger for hich t): P)
s
W)
M
called 4a wudhipeicity of
Pis Smpl wo f)--')e
M:2 S double oor ( )= x'()
M
noor
+)
In erad, wt Sau7 oo wR mudtipléty m
We sha assume a r P is
We shale assOme
Simpla oor of t
har p isnigu na,o)
Sopose Ainuusf
3 ¬
)f(6)'s.4.
<o
p (,b) f(p) = o
5isetion Meffod
Tdea Constrock a
Sequn P ). ofopprox. to P a tolloos
Constroc a nested
Sequwca ofsobintrvals
L.6. [a,5] 2la,, b,). 2 [ab ) 2.. 3
f(a)f(b) <o CCrtoard in we ge ab by tias aud eror
Le a ,
midpoin
Cuatk f f(«)f(P) Co, t
PE
fa)f(?) =O b
ta P. s oor don
P¬b) ) AappDximation
TO
In Cases <o ana o We REPEAT
We expecr thar in te end im p»: P
We nou psove
en p-Po<Pan bn-an
No b a b-a) bn On
ba,.)
D3-a (6a)
bn-an-)
LHS RHS CaucEqual tecmns
bo an b- a,) a
im en 0 Simp-pal o i m Po P
f(o)f)(-J[-cost
20
o.S
aftr t dacimal
0 6 ees
o
We kow tRar
2
n2 alo =6nlo
6 lo =19.93
n iaer
12 Find a
app oxatian or 3 to witin lo osina biseckion me-fod.
We Kuow tear
p- <
choose n Soch tRak
n a Anto= 4 Oulo
n t o = |3.28
n 2
4
3 25S o Bisetion Meteod
Let t uürva be (2, 3)
ET
lo3
C,47 n?
L:2 te.r Vo
f(x)x*tx-4
yf)= [141-[«4-4):[-29(4*] <o
,Pa
Choose n Such ar
lo ooo
n bisehon metkod
A6f6) : (x-i) P: P I
n PWe ooo
n loo
Tru
E22
loobo
00 0 *
But en : p-P <lo for nloopo
(ooo
2looo This shoos 42a
stopping oriterion (2s
RAcap o satistattory
TP. P
Houeder, P . Qim (Harmauic Harmouie Series)
Su nuwbero terms ae
diveroesto (iugl test
P.; P P1
This Shods 4a t stpp Criterion O is dnsatis taoru.
MCO
I n bisection meleod, ?a a t . Shos ak P need nor be
cAoser to ta P
2 True or Folse
P i s s r loserto p
P:a, P
xx-3zo
ar -3
ProofCi ala)a or
b)- b b u a . Notaina to Pbue
Oawise,
Couside a(a g(b) <b
x
a)h(b) =
(2a)- o)(7(6)-b)<0
B UT 3 e (a,b) s. t. P)
ie P)- p.
a(P) =P P: po
) Suppose auotur xed pt of
EC,5) s e)-g(P
Cout radiction
(-
oke-q< le-q1
To opproximats P, we shol stnt wilt
we Se R
initia egpbx P aud teu
ttratim
R. () ond i P.
Conwera
P
Twn
P.P-)
Veriicad to g(x)
Ty boh cokuerge
Horieutal to
Rapur
P
Fixed Poin (Türotion) Tuoum (2.4) s u f f i u e u r conduhons
P in
Onipue
a1
fied
Moeover, Sqnnli Conngt toPtor an chei
Cofollary (ia
Ondar hypattesis f FPT (24). teu we have
(iyg) sincL
Tetm
we a
workna in ,z
O.2 k<
3 V
&
amd 9 (x) > O
Alaaus incran.na
80) : 2 .2S e l1,2
9 2 ) 2):( a * : 3h I.4u e , 2
9 L] into
itsef
3 Condihons ne
satisfied ,
eare fore b FPTT
to t u
Coeng
fired tor Qn choi . é ,2J|
ETC
P-P. K waxP-a, b-p.} = (o.21.wax {o,
We uaw
o.2
P Pa s(o.21)
Choose SUch ear (o.2 <1o o. ol
n Q lou) < In(o.o)
Copw
Conput yaluso ubr
fpr n
whr is
.
)) o strictly inCtanino
3)"(2-?)
so-o x2
ea a)= a=0.394
-0.3911
M 4L'maxlp-a,bBz0jt8
(k=0.to3
o.to8'<*n>5l}} h247/145
in , so xFt/21)/2 ene e reel
Giugnn is guadrahe 2
routsakxE t3tD/2 ; at=13t2).ckary JP-R000210.
8- Fction; g( ): a
cafoltar42.
Ose FPT find p in [ . ia lo acuna
aG)o
na
Contimo w y : na e
na
nto ks
) deredaing
o 55: k
FPT
ho a
xed Poin P in
OP-P. I K . wmax a,
b-e.
K
OSin . 2
PPT Th isoution P a P ) C o v g p to p for a P.¬G
P t
o . F 0 + - .-
P
0.S5
e, lP-P. -o.55
.40o.S
o.S: o.46 (o55
Cwose Suuh
m2ad it a is decreasina
nPrv wmd hypstlasy
PoO.64u18Si
CamyBuceleulehos,ehe re
- noPEo%}|2052524."
.6+018SI`
l R-To.cvoo634olo < lot
g cearn
hAmerieranena .aciee thus ouuwaq 1 6
noudr ied
Find 3 wit acno
ans w e to tx (2 Se ction 2.
Ose FPTT
(Biscetim)
3
a): 3 . C,2
'(*) . o strctlu increaanG
x)stricty dacreaAina
P 3p
e.p P. s o.4x
axP.a,-e.
o.S
(o.u)o <io" : 2
(oodo
FPT: G) c
mapsa,b) into ts ha a omqe fxeá
()
K< sufiieu a
Osndit.6h
)x-
Ho to ge t f)o s(x)= *
ousader, COn
d Simp ewouh 4 find it extrewO
tRa t
OR UseCoene
of stoppn
to
eria Pbuidad SepunC P
P
4f()
: *-6 P 1 Find P Osing Newtba's
g:x6
f ' ) 2x
P. P- 6
P. : 3.5 P 3St6 8
33.5
Not 2.44 94
acuna of lo"
Ho mauaratiow would uaatu
2x 2
) -3 Inirved
P cose
ou t
6-N
6 Neaten's
e 9+ aa ces x 6- 6 : O
cesx 1 2
kich is onsatsfactory
Sppose If. <&. H b en -e.?
En
e eo + E
e e, t£
en eo tnE
im r
Which is teaia?
Hous to weana Speed/ P-Pl
at/ondar of con. Than , wt Se Con
aoototic error Conshamr A
P. P Liay
d 2
P P Quadratcall
3
PaP Ciica
ETC Wik onder a
() 3M)
V3
2-1)-I
oX
C Ys
Lincanky
Wite ordar k:
(b) a -
(2
im
AWhat F Ao
A A P. P
e
ene O
xlaylor eries
feC()
a ¬T
for ET , ad (a,x )
for eack n, are exists e E
e' -a
x
e e e
n'
(n+!
R o f«) P.(«)
0:Tayor:
h
sip si no uh nfo at a
Jamc
Pjettl We Co
find f(arh)
f)= xsin x m:3
lan-firs
XSinkxxx- IfG):*s* Cdilfensna
t
Mus Meoi
n n)
x+h
Son x<c = C(x,h, n)
f(e) o ad f(P) #o
fCe) f'(o)- -
Cx-o)"hC«) hlx) I -
ho)4
xsinx f(o): o
Meltod 2 eb's rnpua +(x) Sinx+ xCosx f'o) o
f(x )=
Cosx Xsink f(o) 2 #0
" (x) Cosk
AF whidh order
Racollkim L :A
PP
We have
R8 (P.) 9(P (2°P)
he Sndl
n (ner)
3(P) * (P)...-
.P.-P
P '
m
Ce P) P
m uadrat col
P
whicolg
So
8)H2fG)
f&) 2 p
na druti cally
Cane P
9x-
ti
What the anyp totc Emr Costak ?
Now p is
Pis
a multpla hoot of 4, oife multiplc.tu m2
eton's PP
fCe.
Tule wads to acclnaa canu.
by usin
Newton's
Shpl nook
P P
nad.
fa)
AND
H()
PSimpl toot of «)
Nehon's mekod P P P madrakicol
PP CP)
PP. f'()
f.y-f(e.)F"(e.)
F'e.
eWhich metead n
b) «prackical?
Modrred Nosfon's is hpractical becowoe we dou' F
Puou
P.&b
6) P.
For an e
intiqur k e
I,z,3,.- Sep. P. 0
ok
(-) o<
3-a) P lo
en lo
2
oC«-2)
e
Clo 2
d oroder :3
A9-Construc
-3
lo
P ordr o S
-2"
R offw fipllcity
e) 4o
j lit)=f(o)f"- AND
(E) Taykor fa): f{e). -p) -*+1d m.
())
+0 Gien)
8-6) P. lo doesn't Convenp& adratica
upndes of K sige k
2 lol.(J*