\sass2 ANSI/ISA-S5.2-1975 (21981) ° Approved October 9, 1981 we STANDARD BINARY LOGIC DIAGRAMS FOR PROCESS OPERATIONS Q Sponsor INSTRUMENT SOCIETY of AMERICA 67 Alexander Drive P.O, Box 12277 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 Roaffirmed 1981Instvument Society of America PREFACE ‘his preface is included for informational purposes and is not a part of Standard 85.2. “This Standard has been prepared as a patt uf the service ofthe Instrument Society of America toward a goal Sfonilanmiy in the held af instrumentation, To be of real valve. this document should not be statie but Should he subjected to periodic review, Towird this end, the Society welcomes all cornments and exiicisms, Ane sake that they be adcressed to the Standards and Practices Board Secretary, Instrument Society of ‘America, 87 Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12277, Research Triangle Park. North Carolina 27709, ‘The system decertbed in thie Standard {s Intended to meet the needs of people who are concerned with the pers ion of process systems, The guide for the Standard was American National Standards Instituse [ANSI Standard Y82.14-1973, Graphic Symbols for Logic Diagrams, which the commicise attempted to follow so far as proctieal for the intended users of the [8A Standard, ‘The committee also referred (o National Eleeisic Manufacturers Association Standards 1CS 1-102, Graphic Symbols for Logie Diagrams, whose symbols bear resemblance Lo thove of the ANSI Standaté. and ICS £103, Static Saitehing Control Desices, which may evertually be supplanted by ICS 1-102. Reference was 4k rade 1o National Fluid Power Association Recommended Standard 1.3.7 68.2, Graphie Symbols for Fluidie Devices end Circuits. Ih adaition, numerous other industrial standards were reviewed. The ISA Standards and Practices Department is eware of the growing need for attention fo the metric sys en of units in general, and the International System of Urits (SI) in particular, in the preparation of ntrumentacien standards. The Departinent is further aware of the benefits to USA users of ISA Standards Of meurporating suitable references to the SI (and the metric system) in their businest and professional \Stolings with other countries, Towards the end this Deparment will endeavor to introduce ST and SI feceplable metsle units fa all new and revised standards to the greatest extent possible. The Metile Practice Guie. atich has beon published by the American Society for Testing and Matenals as ANSI 22101-1973, {ASTM 38075), and future revislons, wil Be the reference gulde for definitions, symbols, abbreviations and conversion factors. Commireae $P5.2 George Plat, chairman ‘Bechtel Power Corporation award J. Blanut Procon Incorporated, Pacific Operations Sanford Chain Fluor Corporation Louis Costes Hunt-Wetson Foods, Incorporstee Russell C. Greee Bailey Meter Company Roy Lara Carnation Company Frank Monte (deceased) Procon Incorporated, Pocifie Operations Gary L. Pierce ‘Sheil Oil Company. Chuck Simms Fisher Conirols Company John Vance [United Process Control Systems Robert Woo Loe Angeles Department of Water & Power The existance of those who aided in the preparation of this Standard by answering questionnaires, offering suggestions, end in other ways, if ratefully acknowledged. Boord of Review 3. Adams Batley Metor Company CW. Book Staridane Oil Company of California W. Borusiewich Canadian Industries Ltd. (Canada) MP. Cainitz| Univae 3.8, Citon| Babcock & Wileox Company RCo Fluor Engineers and Constructors, Incorporated 0. E. Curtis Procon Incorporated, Pacifle Operations R. Decsehle Ehher Controls Company WJ. Daler Consolidated Papers Incorporated JM. Driscoll, Je Foxboro Company WU. Edwards Offshore Power Systems RL, Emerson Bechtel Power Corporation 1. FFabseh Floor Engineers and Constructors P.B, Frankland Power Gas Lid (England) leontinved! 2352 binary Logie Diagrams for Process Operations Board of Review (continued) E. Goldenberg Bechtel Power Corporation Lk, Haberman Bailey Meter Company W,P. Hartington Stearns Roger Incorpuratod HR Highatone (CX Giedler Incorporated RP. Kaltenbach Rules Stoker Corporation WLW, Kloissmith Honeywell Incorporated BG “Liptai Crawford & Russell Incorporated E.P. Lynch intoon Services, Incorporated 4.0. MacKeand ICL Unites States, Incorporated FL. Mattoy Dwselbrook Exgineeting Company HLL. Mason (U'S Nevonal Bureau of Standards RG. Marvin Dow Chemical Company .W, Moebring Bechtel, Incorporated RP. Neustadter United Bngineees and Constructors, Incorporated LM. Propst Fluor Corporation R.A, Quance Surveyor, Neaniger & Chenevert, Incorporated (Cana) W. a. Richards General Electre Company HK, Rondo Brown & Root Incorporated D Rosich Cy University of New York KD, Salth General Electric Company T.H, Sonnichsen Exson Research & Engineering Company D.W. Teale Fisher Controls Company ES. Usrkay Bechtel & Company (Canada) G. Ward Caltex (UK) Led, (England) TW. Whelan Fluor Engineers and Constructors, Incorporated D. A, Wood Bechtel Power Corporation ‘This Standard was approved by the ISA Standards and Practices Board in Novernber 1975, 1W. 8. Miller, Chairman ‘Moore Produets Company PBs Pratt & Whitney Arreaft Company Ed. Bye Brown & Root, Incorporated We Calder "The Foxboro Company LIN. Combs rotied from ET, duPont de Nemours & Company BA. Continental Oil Company RU Bechtel Power Comporation RG. Instrument Society of America Ta. IBM Corporation rs Fisnor Controls Company PS National Bureau of Standards oP. E.T.-duPont de Nemours & Company EC Magison Honeywell, Incorporated RL, Martin “Tex:A'Maton Bnglnooring, Incorporated ALP. MeCauley Giidden-Durkee Dis. SCM Corporation TA Murphy ‘Tae Fluor Corporation, Lid RL. Nickens Reynolds Metals Company Plate Bechtel Power Corporation ALT Uptold Polysar Lid a. Whitman Allied Chemical CorporationInstrument Society of America conTents Section Peoe 1 PURpOSE ee eeeeeriee rete 5 2 Scope 5 3 Usof Symbols : 5 4 Symbols es 7 430 Input ee 1 $B OupUE ee eerie : 1 45 And e 7 44 or é 1 45 Quelified OF 8 46 Not 28 47 Memory (Fp Flop) - 9 48 Time Element 10 49 Special ani 2 siniogrephy eee aren 33 Appendices A. General Application Example... : Pereedt 1 Introduction Aenea peer ta 2 Simplified Flow Diagram Ta 3 Word Deseription vs 15 4 Logie Disgrars eens 7 n6 Figures for application Example 1 Simplified Plow Diagram a 14 2A. Interlock 1 Logie Diagram — Pan Sees 16 2p Interlock 1 Logie Dingrarn — Part II errbessvnentses Biv 2 nerioek 1 Routine 2 é 38 Complex Time-Element Brample 0 0cc6escceee ened) 1 Word Deserpiion - e 19 2 Logie Diagram s - f9 © Loss of Power Supply for Momory - a a8+, euRPOsE 1.4 Thw purpose of thin Standard isto provide o method of logie diagramming of binary interlock and sequencing Systems for the startup, operation, alarm, and shutdown of equipment and processes 19 the ehentcal, petroteum, power generation, aie conditioning, metal refining. and fumerous other industries 1.2 ‘The Stendatd ig Intended to favilitte the under standing of the operation of binary systems, and to improve communications simong wehnical, management design, operating, and maintenanee personel concerned wth the systems 2, ScoPE 2. ‘The Standard provides symbols, both base and non-basie, for Binary operating Cunctions. The use of symbols in typical systems illustrated in appendices. 2.2 The Standard is intended to symbolize the binary ‘operating functions of a system in a manner that cen be Gpplied to any clase of hardware, whether it be elec tronic, electrical, fluidie, pneumatic, hydraulic, mech nical, manval, optical, oF other. 2. USE OF SYMBOLS 3.1 by sing the symbols designated as “basic,” logic bistems may’ be described sith the use of only the most fandamental logic building blocks. The rerining symbols, not basic, are more comprohonsive and enable Togte systems to be diagrammed more concisely, Use of the non-basic symbois is optional 2.2. A logie diagram may be more or les detailed Sepending on its Intended use. The arsount of eal! ina Togie diagram depends on the dogree of refinement of the logle and on whether ausiliary, essentially non-op, {information s included ‘As an example of refinement of dota \ Logie system thay have ivo opposing inputs, eg, command to open tnd a cosmiand to lose, which do not normally exis Uinultaneously. the logie diagram may oF may not g0 50 far a to spocily the outcome if both the commands were to exist at the samo timo. In addition, explanatory nates may be added to the diagram to record the logie ravionale Nomlogic information may also be added, if desired, eq, reCorence document identification, tag numbers, terminal earkings, ese In these ways, the diagram may provide the level of detail appropriate, for example, for communication bbetwoon 4 designer of paeuraatic eireuits and a designer Of electric eitite, or may provide a broad -view systems Geserition for a plant manger. 33 The existence of a logic signal may correspond binary Loute Diagrams for Prowse Opertians physically to lther the wxistence oF the non-existence of fn instrument signal, dopenaing on the particular 9” of ardware system and the eitrait design philosophy that fare selected.” For example, 4 high-flow alarm may. be thosen to be actuated B¢ an olvetne switeh whee eon tacts open on high flow; on the ether hand, the high flow alarm may be designed to be actuated by at slectee switch whose contacts close on high Movs. Thus, the high ow condition may be represented physically by iw ebsence of an eecttic agral oF by the proseace of the eloctic sigial. The Standard does nol attempt te relate the lopie signal Wan instrument signal of any specific kind. 3A. A logic symbol that is shown fn Soetion 4 with Ahcee inputs — A, B, and C ~ i typical for the logle faction haviog any number of two oF more inputs 35 The flow of intelligence is represented by tines that interconnect logic statemerts. The normal direction of flow is from left to right, or fop to bottom, Arrowheads may be added to the flow fines whererer needed for larity, and shalt be added to lines whose Mow fs not ina formal direction 36 A summary of the status of an operating system Thay be put m the diagram wherever fs deemed usetul 2b ference point of lyndmark io eke sequence, 37 There may be misundosstanding of inary loge statemenis involving devices that are not recognizable a fnherendly having only two specific alternative sates For example i itis stated that a valve isnot closed, tis ‘could mean either (a) that the valve is opea Tully. IBY that the ralve is simply not closed, namely, tha! it mas be in any position ffom alms. closed to wide upea. To aid securats communication between weit and reader ff the losie diagram, the didgrar should be interpreted literally. Therefore, possibility (b) i the correct 076 fa valve isan open clogs valvo, then, to avoid misunder sanding, itis necessary to do one of the Following 1, Develop the logic diagram i such a way that iC sass exactly whal is intended. Hf Uwe valve iy intended so be open, tnon it should be so slated and abt be sated 3 being net closed. 2. Havo a soparate notw specifying that the value alway faiumes ether the closed o¢ the open position By contrast, 4 device such 4s @ motordriven pump is fitner operating or stopped, baeeing sows spec'al situs tions, To say that the pump Ie not operaling usually clearly denotes tha it has stopped.Inscrument Society of America ‘The following definitions apply to devices that have open, closed, or intermediste positions. The positions stated are nominal to the extent that there are ciffer ‘ential gap and dead band in the instrument that senses the position of the device (Open nesition® s position that is 100-percent open. Notoper position” = position that i less then 100. percent open. A device that 6 not open may or may not be closed! (Closed position: a position that is 20ro:percen: open. Not-ewsed position: a position that is more than ‘ero-peecent open. A device that's not closed may oF may not be open Intermedicie. position’ 4 SPECIFIED position that is ‘eater than zero: an less than 100:percent open Not-et-imtermediate position: 2 position that Is either ‘ahove or below the SPECIFIED intermediato position For w logle systern having an input ststement shat is erived inferentally or indirectly, condition may arise ‘gt wil lead to an erroneous conclusion, For example, an assumption that flow exists because a pump motor is ‘energized ay be false because of a closed valve, a broken shalt, or other mishap. Factual statements, that is, statements based on positive measurements that a ‘certain condition specifically exits or does not exist are enerally more rehable 3.8 A process operstion may be affectod by loss of the power supply to memories apd to other logie elements. In order i he tue operating eventuaities into account, it mey therefore be necessary to consider the Effect of lose of power to any logie component oF to the fontire logic eveter. Ip sueh eases, It may be necessary 0 Pas em per sil semen enering mean, we center power supply oF loss of power supply as logic inputs to a system of to individual lope ements. For memcries, the consideration of power sapply may be handled in ths manner oF as shown in Sections 4.7b, , add By the same token, it may be necessary to consider the fect of restoration of poner supply. Logie elagrams do not necessenly have to cover (ne eifect of loge power supplies on process systems but ‘nay do so for thoroughness 29 It is recommended, for clarity, that ¢ single time function symbol, ms appropri, be used 10 represent ach time funetion in its entirety. Though not incorrect the representation of 4 complex ot uncommen time funetion by using a Lime-function symbol in immediste sequence with a second timefunction symbol or with a NOT symbol should he avoided (see Section 4:9) 2.0 Process instrument symbols and designations follow ISA. Standard $5.1.1978 American National ‘Standards Instisute Standard 32.20.1975), “Instramen- tution Symbols and Designations” However, these srmbol aro included for illustrative purposes. only, and are not part of Standard 85.2. 17 If @ drawing, or set of drawings, uses graphic mbols that are similar or identieal to one another in shape oF configuration ang that nave differon: moanings because they aze taken from different standards, then aacequate steps shall be taken to avoid misincerpretation fof the symbols used. These steps may be to use caution otes of reference notes, comparison charts that iis: tale end define the conflieling symbols, or other saitable means, ‘This requirement is especially citleal if the graphie syimbols used, being from different disci- pines, represent devices, conductors, Now lines, oF gals show symbols, if misinterpreted, may result in anger to perconnel or damage to equipment.Binary Logie Diageamns for Process Operations [ Disve sossaditoy | —_ Fjo fT 2a srimoduny, saneog dds | 1MO| ir aang sos wx} —fuo} ia “a-¥ syndy 28013 2081 | 3 ao ut tka cf dno 2877 _ yBtys anyenouay Suwa 20 mo 5 oxnssnd aa.em Ba00 DIsve pon sbuoyoap pur ado.1 g: ‘yen spurwsutc souanbas {aren sting 4d 05 payanyonse png 440 Gen oun nome OB co po ura corel voz oN ase ie en pura susty wos, so peg sera ou sa0p ¥ wed 2804 J iwo pur ssa g yan 3780 eon wen) conyenby soups a3}ea8 | Zy [yon agent} yeahs a0 wean 54 Instrument Society of America iw | 0 can: a stl “oaWAS, NOWONAG‘8g Pun "AoI99" puR’d "9 LP ‘sydeiesed 295 s2dns som0d 204 943 30 80] Uo owaut ap Jo wORDR aye 18 90g sey vorvepisuo3 Ow 3253 sajouap § 13724 Pay Po “sane 9 nn ‘a9 Jouso0p pa y9K9 HOU 99, cea ss “bon tg dno 30 er 0 0) Kowa sesnes mung 70 aes wanbosaes | au) 30 spate pose su: op Sata a nay 998) at—fu}- va psn ou 51132 megs 04 you 184s. 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International Electrotechnical Commission Recor. 13 National Blecirie Manufacturers Association Standard ICS 1.102, Grape Symbols for Logie Diagrams. jonal Electric Manufacturors Assoctation Standard TCS 1-108, Static Switching Control Devices. National Fluid Power Association Standard 1.3.7.68 2. ‘Gmaphie Symbole for Fluidie Devices and Circuswnt Society of America APPENDIX "A GENERAL APPLICATION EXAMPLE 1, INTRODUCTION This example uses » representative process whose instruments are denoted by the symbols of 1SA-S5.1-1973, (ANSI Y82.20 “oy Lhe proces equipment symbols are included only to illasrate applications of instrumentation symbols. The example isnot part of Standard 85.2. 2, SIMPLIFIED FLOW DIAGRAM face FIGURE 1 Cou TANK FILLING OPERATION Xe SIMPLIFIED FLOW DIAGRAM 143, WORD DESCAIFTION 31 Pump Start Feed is pumped into either tank 4 oF tank 6. ‘The pump ‘may be operated manually or automaticaly, as selected ‘hunwally on a local maintsined-ourput selector switeh, HS-7, whien has three positions: ON, OFF, and AUTO. When the pump is operating, ed pilot light L-8A is on: ‘when not operating, green pilot light 6-88 is on. Once “Harced, the pump continues to operate uatll a ssopaing command exists oF until the control power supply is teat ‘The pump may be operated manually at any time provided that no uouble condition exis: The suction pressure must no! be low: the seal water pressure must fot be low; and the purnp motor must not be overloaded dnd its startor must be reset In order to operate the pump automatically. all the following conditions must be met 2.1.1 Board-mounted electric momentary contact herd switches, H5-1 and H3-2, start the filling operation For tanks A and i, respectively. Each switeh as two positions, START and STOP. START de-energices the ssiodiated solenois valves, HY") and AV-2 Dw energizing a solenoid valve causes i to 40 to tne fai ato postion Le, to vent. This depressurizes the penuimatic Eetuator of the associated control sakes, HU-1 and HV2, Deprossurizing a control valve causes it 10 40 10 the failsafe position, ie., to open. The control valves awe associated open-porition switches, ZSH-J and Z8H-2, and closed-position switehes, ZSL~P and ZSL-2 ‘The STOP postion of switehos HS. and HS.2 causes the opposite actions to occur 50 that the solenoid valves are ‘onergized, the conteol valve actuators are pressurized, land tne control valves close, I starting eiroutt power Is lost, the starting memory Is lost and tho filling operation stops. The commané 0 stop filling can override the command to tart filing. ‘To start the pump automatteally, either control valve HV-1 oe 14V.-2 must be open and the other control valre rus: be closed, depeading om whether tank of tank B isto be fle. 3.1.2 The pump suction pressure munt be sbave a given ‘aluo, ab signallod by pressure switen PSES 158 Binary Logie Diagrams for Process Operations 3.1. If valve HV-r 5 open to permit pumping into tank A, the tanke level must be below 9 given value, as fignalted by level switch LSH3, which aleo actuates « boate: mounted high-level pilct light, LLH3. Similarly higilevel switch, 54-4, permits pumping into tank B. it’ not aetwated, and actuates. pilot light CL@-4, if ‘tiated 3.14 Pump sal water pressure must be adequate 4 Inteated on Bourd-mounied receiver gage, PLE. THE 1S a nominterlocked requirement that depends on the ‘operator's atiention before he starts the operation, Prossure ‘switch, PSL-5, behind the board, actuate: board: mounte low-pressure alarm, PALS, 3.1.5 Tho pump drive motor must no: be overloaded and its starter must be reset 3.2 Pump Stop ‘The pump stops If any of the following conditions ext 3.2.1 While pumping into a tank, fs controt valve leavas the fully-open position, or the talve of the other tank Inaves is fully-closed position, pravded that the pump I fon automate contol 9.2.2 The tank selected for filing becomes full, pro ‘vided char the pump is on automatie control 2.2.3 The pump suction prasure Is continuously tow for § soconds, 2.24 The pump drive motor & overloaded. 1 ie immaterial to the process logic whether or not the memory of the pump motor overload is retained on toss ff power in this system because the maintained memory that operates the pump is defined as losing memory on los of power, and this by Htself will cause the pump to stop. However, an existing motor-overload condition provents the motor starter (fom boing rect. 3.2.5 The sequence is stopped manually through F1S-1 oF HS-2, If stop and start commands for pump operation ‘exist simultaneously, then the stop command overrides the operate command 3.2.6 The pump is stopped manually by 18-7 32.7 "The pump seal water pressure is low. This eon dition is not interlocked, and requires manual inter: sention to stop the pumpInstrument Society of America 4, LOGIC DIAGRAM, tow 4 Lote oh Fi Tom Perssve HS san Fung pen valve 2 Fe iene is vs re 28 Ce) vavse opts —| (Routine 1) ne! @u: ig )) swt Fhing open Velve pe Routine I (2h) one one Sep ting Fil Tank Pemisive iam reusesat ose volve 7 Figue 28 |Roatne 25.) vetve cites} —4 Gee FIGURE 28 TANK FILLING OPERATION INTERLOCK 1 LOGIC DIAGRAM — PART I 16382. Binary Logle Diagrams for Process Operations Cane Oe = Fl Toa A Permissive a ae eal Fapee 28 rere Pune Fl Tone 32 Stop Purp of @) Press. Low | 53 ie oto vercces je ‘Tne wards "Filing permisave 005s" ciyexenly the wadte Hows sannaty silt. The salen” Feset Purp Motor Starter ‘Snot manecary belo Dead feist, isatamane ide — = FIGURE 28 TANK FILLING OPERATION INTER LOCK 7 LOGIC DIAGRAM ~ PART It 47Instrument Society of America a= ‘Me information stated in this figure i required if deziled design work isto be done, The information may be presented in any other convenient form. DESCRIPTION OF VALVE ACTUATION SCHEME, Figure 2c ‘TANK FILLING OPERATION INTERLOCK 1 ROUTINE 1 1s Comments on the logic diagram for Interlock 1. The diagram may be simplified by using general notes (GN) for a projec, espocially for repetitive ems, Por example, the operating light for the pump may be omitted from the diagram by using a genoral note that states: “All pumps have red and green pilot lights {o denote that the pump motors are opersting or not ‘operating, respectively,” thus, -— ‘As another example, the motor lockout detail OPERATE PUMP (GN) PUMP MOTOR rs STOP OVERLOADED. | PUMP R RESET MOTOR STARTER ‘will commonly be simplified by refering to generat note that staies: “The moter starter lecks out when tripped,” thus: -— 2.The momory function that keeps the pumps in ‘operation may be but is not necessarily provided by ‘dreult bresker for the pump motor. The other ‘maintained-memory functions i the diagram may be provided by pneumatic or electric latching relays Or flher types Of hardware. This ilustrates tke esson Wally hardware-free nature of the operational logic portion of the diagram and the emphasis on logic fanetion sro? POMP (GN2) 8. The logic diagram emphasizes the operating logic of the process by not detalling the system mechanism or opening and closing the control valves, Thos, this Information i provided by meane of Routine 1, Which may apply to similar hardware of an entice project as well as to Interlock 1. However, fit i Hosired to make the diagram more self. contained by Incluéing nardware functions, this «en be done as follows. using an excerpt from the diagtam as an example fore vacve (ROUTINE 1) Alternative: (DEENERGIZE HY-1) Fj wer avy OPEN VALVEBinary Logic Diagrams for Process Operations APPENDIX COMPLEX TIME-ELEMENT EXAMPLE 1. WORD DESCRIPTION Assume a process operation, as folios: Lf air Bow becomes high and is so sustained for 4 seconds, then open vent, actuate alarm, and initiate heating. by east and west heaters. If heating by east heater is inltiaved, the heater gows on for 2 seconds, off {or one second, and on again for 4 seconds, regress of swhother the si flow romains high while this occuring. eating by west Roater Is initiated, thon hater goes on for 30 seconds, off for 18 seconds, and on for 40 Seconds, but only if the alr flow remains high while this B occarting. If high flow of alr is sustained for 10 seconds, stop the aviary blower if tts running. When air flow i no longer high, close the vent, permit the ausillary Blower to be restartad ané tho alarm to be 2. LOGIC DIAGRAM AIR FLOW ty} 4 HIGH 4 Hcrose vent Ha Hiren vent $a Harare AUXILIARY. 10 LOWER a OPERATION tL * Sd fpermrren ivan: east 4 p2ytp4 HEATER 5 Jon’ west. 4,80, 18, 40 HEATER Jon 19 APPENDIX “C” LOSS OF POWER SUPPLY FOR MEMORY Section 4.7b indicates how to symbolize memories that fare lost in the event of loss of power supply. The use of f loge feedback to symbolize a memory Is deprecated, ‘Thus, the following symbolism shall not be used: al ay leINSTRUMENT SOCIETY of AMERICA Research Triangle Park, North Carolina