Strong versus Weak Acids ‘What makes strong acid song? Why? ‘Acids are substances that suround ws in our everyday life The uses of acids range fom providing caren ‘utsient for our bodies to dissolving meals. Some acide ate safe to handle with our bare hands Seren use in food preparation, Other acids will severely bura human skin, Iti important to understand how ‘hese substances can all be acids and yet have such diferent properties, ‘Model 1 — Acid Strength and Conductivity Strong acid ‘we Warer molecule Acid molecale Weal acid HE) +200) 2 HjO*aq) + Fag) Bc wet mle elo ot shown 1. Beanie the rmboln Mode 1, Match exch symbol with its conect meaning 6 6 «Water olele 6: Acid molecule a eB - — 6 | @ 6. Conjugate base on Hyon ion Serong versus Weak Acids 2512, Examine the strong and weal acid solutions in Model 1. 4 Whae product do the solusions have in common? HQ’, ydronizon ion 4, Usea complete sentence to explain the formation ofthe product in pate «from an acid mol- cule and a wacer molecule, ‘The hydiogen ion from the acid molecule bonds tothe water molecule 3. Assume that solutions of HCl and HF similar vo those in Model 1 are prepared, and infini- ‘esimally small samples are collected and analyzed to determine the amount of fonization that ‘occurs, Based on the data below, calculate the petcent ionization foreach acid solution, Solution ‘Aas been empl foe you. | Anat — | umber of | Moteeet Jo Solution) numberof | acd molecales | usted _ | Pesce acid molecules | “that reacted | Tatil number | ionization A ]0%M) fo 0 2 100% » | 06M | ay 6 £ oe oem] oo 20 a 10% [993M ap 3 cy 1% Read This! [Blectrolytes are substances that dissalve in water produce fons in solution. The presence of ons allows 2 solution to conduct an electrical curent. [ons may be produced because the substance that disalves is ionic (like salt), or because che substance reais with water to produce ions (asthe case with acids). The ‘more fons that are formed in solution, the stronger the elecralyte. Noneletrolyts are substances whose ‘squcous solutions do not contain ions and cherefore do not conduct an electzcl curtent. 4, Which solution in Model 1, che szong or weak acid, sa better conductor of electricity? Provide evidence from Model I for your anew. ‘The sromg acid isa beter conductor—shelighs bulb on the conductivity meter is brighter 252 POGIL™ Activites for High School Chemistry6. Based on the data in Model 1 and he table in Question 3, describe the relationship berween: «4 the percent ionization of che ace and the conductivity ofthe solution A greater percent amization reals in a brighter bulb (the conductiviey ofthe soluion and the stength ofthe electrolyte (acid srengeh), A higher conductivity means a sronger acid (Consider the conductivity data shown in Mode 1 and the ionization data in Question 3. 44 Ty HCL stung sid a weak acid? Explain in tems of percent ionization HiCtita strong acid, When HCl disoles in water, 100% ofthe molecules undergo ionization. 4, Is HP strong acid or a weak acid? Explain io terms of percent ionization. HEP is a weak acid only 1596 of the molecules inice when dsolved in water. Does change in concentration affect the strength ofan acid? Use the information in Question 3 to provide specific evidence to support your answer Concentration does nt affie acd srength Solutions A and C have diffrent conceniratons but are boob evong acids Solutions B and D have diferent concentrations but are boob weak acids Tn one of the reactions in Model 1 chee isa single arrow (-»). In the other reaction there isa double arow (2). What do these symbols imply: 4 about the extent ro which che reaction occu? ‘The reaction in which the acid diaciates 10086 wera single arrow. The reaction where the acid vociate only partially nse a double arrow. The double arrow implies an equilibrium sate, 2 abou the sxength of the acid? ‘Tie song aii shown witha single arrow while he weak acid has a double arrow ‘A scudent sates “A solution of 4 M sulfuric acid (H,SO)) is suonger acid chan a 1 M solution ‘of eulric acid," Constrct a well thought out respanse to help this student improve his undersanding ‘The svengih ofan acid doesnot depend on the concntrasion. As shown inthe table in Question 3, both 0.06 M HCl and 0.03 M HCl are strong acid Surong vetsus Weak Acids 253254 10, In the beaker below, draw a representation to show 10 molecules of « weak acid dissolved in water with 2096 ionization. Inclde only the wacer molecules chat react not the excess water ‘molecules in the solution Molecularacid = GLE] oa War = Goo oF oO, a S oa 11, You have conductivity meters in 1M solutions of HNO,, HNO, and HC,H,0, The 1 M HINO, light bul i righ, che 1 M HINO, light bulb is giving off some light, and the 1 ML HCHO, is very dim, Rank the solutions inorder of acid strength based on this information. HINO, > HINO, > HCHO, 12, Based on your answer to Question 11, wit balanced chemical equations for HNO, and HINO, ‘reacting with water a chey are mixed into an aqueous slution. Use single or double arrows as © appropriate. HNO, + HO = H,0" + Noy HINO, + H,O HO + NC POGIL™ Activities for High School Chemistry ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ 4 « « ‘ « aExtension Questions ‘Model 2 ~The Meaning of K, 2. M4. 16. v7. = + ite _ HOLA) Hla) + HOO = HOG) + Ave) x, = DTI) Jn Model 2, does HA represen a weak acid ora srong acd? What evidence found inthe model supports your answer? ‘HA isa weak acid becawe the reaction i chown witha double arrow (Compare the equation above chat stars out "K, =" wo other equilibrium constant expressions you have sen, 4 IK calelaed in he same manners other K, values? Yosh equilibrium conan isa ratio of products over reactant & ‘What molecule in the reaction has been left out ofthe K, expession? Give reason why this molecule was ignored in caleulcing 110 iva pure liguid ois noe included in the K,expresion. Consider what you learned in Model 1 about the extent to which weak aids react with water, 1s che value of K, fora weak acid Iikely vo be grater chan or less than I? Explain your answer in ‘terms ofthe nuribers that mighe be used in the equation in Model 2, Ina weak acid fover ins are formed than the molecule of acid remaining, This would make the denominator i the K, expresion mac lager than the numerator Therefor, K, wil bela than one, Is the value of & for a strong acd greater chan or less than 12 Explain your answer in ems of the numbers that might be used in the equation, Jina rong aida ofthe molecules wil reat, 50 the denominator af K, is approaching zero. This will mate K, very lerge—much greater than one ‘Conse the weak acd ammonium (NH). 14 ‘Write the acid dissociation reaction for NH, sing Model Las your guid. Pay close atention to che arrow (single or double) you use NH z(aq) + HO = HOCag) + NeKfag) ‘4. Write the K, expression for NH, using Model 2 and your equation above a a guide ILOINEL) INET Strong versus Weak Acids 255