QUI State principle 7’ HOCK GAM He vonHid,,, 1 pievoalectie oxelaron a wie A ih . Any @ “Caular motion Me Principle ae An , : Woman PIPE The phe, Resonance is obtained between natural frequency of | 9, ‘ha so heed “ppropriately cut picvoelectric crystal and a autable vine fer notion CH) Moanin frequency superimposed on it which iy generated by (a) Ouellatory oscillator, fe) state motion) Bh Ann Q12 Draw a neat labelled diagram of plexoeloote e An oscillator i‘ oy ‘pifforontial wave equation 1 shven hy Ans: Wy iy w Cee wary ny é ae a Q £ i) (eh Reba ei, ° Ans fs ll yweney of body matcher wi, Fig. Q.12: Valve based piezoelectric oseillator y (a) Diatural frequency ‘requency of oscillation of body Explain Hh Mot equal wo QB the concept of flaw detection, (b) Natural frequency Ans. : - frequency of body: An ‘ travel over ~The strength of the components play an important role ls Ultrasonic waves can a, in most of the engineering applications (a) Short distance an, ‘The strength of material is reduced due to the pres (co) Very short distance 6, ( 7. Wavelength of ultrasonic waves a roomy tex, Wy Kind of defect in it, The defects can be as lange ks is or as tiny as caviti tion is tried by X-ray or y-ray testing, the (a) 0.0170m (b) 0.0180 m on is restricted and a large apparatus is AS 0.0175 m- () O0172m — Ans. -; Band a tne employed which in| gd sagoetoetion effect mater of rl plus reliable and convenient facie eile, ie waves can be easily aimed in one Vo Ferromagnetic (b) Ferromagnetic ee yen ie semen : (©) Paramagnetic (4) diamagnetic Ans. : darion and hie arse | ye ¥en, okays applied to erystal gurus Bi epaina fib vatlalndes test crystal is distorted, this is called (a) Piezo electric effect ) tostriction effect. a a effect (@)_ None of above An ‘Quartz crystal in its natural form is Hexagonal prism with pyramids at cach cnd (b) Tetrahedral prism with pyramids at each en! (©) Right angle prism ° (@) Allof above Ans. :(a) striction oscillator ¢ use | frequencies, i (a) > 100 kHz = 100 kHz > kHz to produce ultrasoni 10, Ans. :(¢) DY = 208 x 10" Nim 6mngineering Physics (Dr. BATU) ve 1-15 (e) Sem (@) 5.58 cm Ans. : (b) 13. Thickness of quartz crystal used to produce ultrasonic waves of 1 MHz is ___. Given : density = 2.65 x 10° kg/m’, y=8x 10'° Nim? Sy (a) 2.69 mm (b) 2.65 cm (c) 2.75«m (d) 2.73 mm Ans, : (c) 14. SO! is a2 al Navigation And Ranging (b) Sound Navigation And Recording (c) Sound Navigation And Reproducing Ans. : (a) 15. Inasea water velocity of ultrasound is a function of, | @3- (a) Temperature and pressure (b)_ Temperature and time Temperature and salinity (d) Pressure and salinity Ans.:(c) | Q.4 16. Ultrasonic waves are used in (a) Flaw detection (b) Thickness gauging (©) Sonography \(@ ofabove Ans.:(4) | , An ultrasonic source of 70 kHz sends down a pulse towards the sea used, which retur after 0.65 sec. The | Q.6 velocity of sound in sea water is 1700 m/s. Then a7 depth of the sea is : (a) 500m (b) 525.5m (c)552-5m @, S508 Ans. :(d) | 0.8 18. | When amplitude of vibration of a particle gradually decreases with time, then oscillations are (a) Free oscillations Senge oscillations (c) Forced oscillations (d) All of above Ans. : (b) Oscillation and Ultrasonic’s Derive the differential wave equation of wave motion. e, 2, dy dy “ae =" ax: (Section 1.6) What is piezoelectric effect 7 Explain the principle and Production of ultrasonic wave using this effect (Section 1.12) How one can use ultrasound for (a) Drilling (b) Soldering (0) Welding (d) Clearing (Section 1.13) What is Magnetostriction effect ? Explain the principle and production of ultrasonic wave using this effect (Section 1.11) Explain Ultrasonic Waves Generation (Section 1.9) Write Short note on Quartz Crystals (Section 1.10) Explain Medical Application for Ultrasonic (Section 1.13.2) Write Short note on (a) Free Oscillations (b) Damped Oscillations (Section 1.2 and Section 1.3) =1, For destructive interference, path difference ig <8) odd number of half wavelengths (b) even number of half wavelengths (c) whole number of wavelengths (@) even whole number of wavelengths — Ans, : (4 ) 2. Constructive interference happens when two waves are (a) out of phase (b) zero amplitude 6 in phase —— @) infront Ans. : (c) 3. Two waves with phase difference 180° have resultant of amplitude (c) same as single wave _ (d) doubles single wave Ans. : (b) A lens (n=1.52) is coated with a film of magnesium oride (n=1.25). What should be the least thickness of in order to minimize reflected light with a elength of 550 nm? Ans. : (¢)(©) Compton Effect arty (©) Photoelectic Eeet As (a) ge doesn occur in thick films 151, When tig is inden om ress at an angle € because the refracted ray slows down too much Petite en to pearing Wales then the deal paper Index of that medium (i) ; \o the tangent of the polarizing angie = Ans. : (b) ” Stoke's law SpAewster's law a — ‘curs because the film poarizes ©) Newton's law (4) None of sbowe Amn. 3 » '6. ‘Which of the following is «unique property of laser? z tw) oe oe ‘The father apart the slits, the narrow ink (©) Cobereace (4) Wavelength As (e) pater because the Kmax becomes smaller and therefore Which of the following is an example off optical foocurs, 2 Jess diffraction Pumping a (2) Ruby laser ) Helium. Neon laser _Ierference in thin films occurs by 7 » Ty chsticn of (©) Semiconductor laser (4) Dye laser Ame: (a) sion of wave front 18 When laser light is focused om a particular area for Division of amplitude long time, then that particular area alooe will be ented. of these. Ans. :(©) ‘True or false? ‘ ApS We Diameter Da of the mth dak Newon's ing is oda "given by the formula (b) elliptical (@) curved, 19. ‘What is the need to achieve population is (a) To excite most of the atoms a ® To bring most of the atoms to ground state (©) Toachieve stable condition (@) Toreduce the time of production an) Laser is called as non-material knife. Tue or false? (a) False (b) Ans. (b) 21. Principle of laser is (@) spontaneous absorption (b) simulated emission " (©) induced emission - (@)_ both b and ¢ = Ans. :(@) 22. Optical fiber operates on the principle of (@) Total interna reflectance () Tyndall effet = (©) Photoclecticeffet = (@) Lasertechnology ee araey wave (b) continuous wave |wave (d) none of these Ans. : (b) fibre sustains only Ans. (a) — Je of propagationOptios, Fibre Optics i, 39, at Engineering Phyeice (Or, BATU) Z mode and graded index py , 33, With respect specifies the —propapatigy (©) both (adse¢b) (a) none of these Ans: (0) ractive index is 1,8, emits the wavelength of .55 pum. What will be the value of number of 'a) 3.9.x 10° (b) 4.9.x 10° (© 36x 10° (d) 7.7x10° Ans, : (a) 27. In the structure of fiber optic cable, the refractive index of core is always the refractive index of cladding. (a) Less than (b) Equal to (©) Greater than (@) None of the above Ans. : (€) 28. Why are plastic clad silica fiber optic cables not used widely? (a) Difficulty in connector application due to excessive plasticity in cladding (b) Difficulty in bonding (©) Insolubility in organic solvents @ Allof the above Ans. : @) 29. Which optical devices are adopted or applicable for routing signals from one waveguide to another? (a) Optical Combiner __(b) Optical Splitter (©) Optical Coupler (@)_ None of the above Ans. : (c) 30. In single-mode fibers, how does the fraction of energy traveling through bound mode appear in the cladding? (a) Asacrescent wave (b) Asa gibbous wave (©) Asan evanescent wave (@_Allof the above Ans. : (e) 31, Which is the transmission medium for VLF electromagnetic waves especially applicable for aeronautical and submarine cables? (a) Paired wires (b) Coaxial cable (c) Waveguide (d) Wireless Ans. : (d) ‘Ifa fiber operates at 1400nm with the diameter of about 10 um, n; = 1.30, A = 0.80% , V = 3.5, then how many ‘modes will it have? (a) 6.125 (b) 9.655 1295 (d) 16.55 Ae on with different phase velcne, the difference between their effective Telctiyg ine ld dee (b) Birefringence (0) Fiber beat length Assuming no ISI, the (@) Spot Size Ans: maximum possible bani M. : 5 ‘ramuitimode graded index fiber with S MHZ, shoys yy total pulse broadening of 0.18 forthe distance of ah, 12km, What would be the value of bandwidth len, product ? (a) 40MHz (>) 60 MHz (©) 90MHz (d)_120MHz Ans. : (by Review Questions Q.1 Explain stoke's law for thin film. (Section 2.2) 2 Derive path difference formula for reflected light joy thin film. (Section 2.3) 0.3 Derive conditions for maxima and minima in case o reflected light. (Section 2.3.1) Q.4 Explain the change in the conditions in transmiteg light for the thin film. (Section 2.3.2) Q.5 Show that fringe width remains constant in case of wedge shaped films, (Section 2.5) 0.6 Derive theory of Newton's ring. (Section 2.6.1) Q.7 Why Newton's rings are circular and wedge shaped films are straight. (Section 2.8.4) 2.8 Determine wavelength of monochromatic ight by using Newton's ring setup. (Section 2.9) Q.9 What do you mean by polarization of light. It ordinary light polarized or unpolarised ? (Section 2.12) Q.10 Distinguish between plane polarized and unpolarised light. (Section 2.13.1) Q.11 Explain polarization by reflection. (Section 2.14.1) Q.12 State Brewster's law and use it to prove that when light is incident on a transparent substance at Polarizing angle, the reflected and refracted rays are at right angles to each other. (Section 2.15) Q.13 Explain Hygen’s theory of double reflection (Section 2.18) Q.14 Explain difference between spontaneous and stimulated emission. (Section 2.21.4) Q 15 Explain working of Ruby LASER. (Section 2.23) Q. 16 Explain working of He-Ne LASER, (Section 2.24) Q. 17 Derive numerical aperture for SI fibre. (Section 2.30) gaa‘Where, y is ware saree sony Sal 2 seaesngors Ts Copter Ware Ea” (STOWE) evvery it om where, Vis the wave function and “Yi the wre velocity the particle, 09 Explain the Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle (6) Wye eon ewe (0) Oj; em yew | Win Hn Vaan ye tad m4 Wel 4 th hyn sis wets ls (0 che $s inhy ‘adenncss ie in inbeger 9 the demeanor Mee 4, Cranes 0 Wii BOOP = 04 an, a ‘Ans. : uta| O@ (A) presume ie oe = The physical significance of the above atyument meio yay A dey. one shor 10 think of the exact ponition or an | 5, In Millikan oft dep sccurte value for monoertum of a partici, stead, one | ppeced by shh ik te pti hte pricle |) ier 4 centin oF the probable value fr the | ay ‘momentum of adn Sir entencn linc probes we made by means a Ans, (a) of certain mathematical functions, named probably | (0) tne + density functions in quanturn rechanies, 6, A Geiger Miller toe 0.10 Define mass spectrograph YE (a) gas icniraion detect Ans. (0) low chamboes = Nucleus of an atom concentrates in it nearly all the (c) fuorescence betecton ‘atomic mass and entire positive charge in the stom. re Naclear mass forms an imporant roperty of cleus | 1 shops ‘ee ‘and a good deal of information can be inferred frorn the knowledge of nuclear mass. is a practical difficulty involved is such studies for example if two isotopes arc to be separated for any (We cannot use any chemical procedure as they same atomic number and all chemical reactions be identical for both of them. Also their difference Fass will be very small (as only number of neutrons different for isotopes). were therefore made to devise and refine the ‘and techniques capable of measuring jc masses much more directly. The instruments for the purpose are called mass at rate of 2x 10” in uniform magnetic (10°, then radius of an orbit will be Ans. : (a) , path of electron is made visible by 1. Geiger counter regiotereh S00) conmas/second from 3 sample tha comained a radioactive iwtope of polonium. After $0 minutes, the commer registered 261 comnts | second. What is the half-life of this isotope in seconds? f@ (c) 164 (b) 110 (264 (e)218 Davissom and Germer experiment confirmed the (@) wave nature of electrons (b) particle nature of electron © boha&d (8) nome of above Ans. :(¢) Ans. : (a) 9. Davison and Germer experiments relates to (@) Interference (b) Polarization (©) Electron diffraction (8) Phosphorescence Ams. : (c) 10. According to Schrodinger a particle is equivalent wv @) single wave (b) wave packet (©) Wight wave (6) cannot behave a» wave bs Ans. : (b)11. The uncertainty relation holds for (a) microscopic particles only (b) macroscopic particles only (©) microscopic and macroscopic particles both (@)_ neither microscopic nor macroscopic partic! +(e) 12. According to wave mechanics, a rée particle can Possess a (@) Discrete energies ©) Continuous e (©) Only one single value of energy @) Nongofithese Ans. : (b) a ‘can be easily understandable with of (@)_Dalton's effect (©) Compton's effect (©) electron effect @ none "3 414. ‘The de Broglie wavelength of an object a is equal to Planck's constant divided by the Ans. : (b) ‘momentum of the object. (b) is significant only if the object is moving at 1% of the speed of light or faster. (©) cannot be determined accurately for any subatomic particles. (@) increases as the velocity of the particle increases. Ans. : (a) 15. The wave function (psi, y) (@) represents the particle function associated with a wave. (b) a large value of psi squared indicates the strong possibilty of the particle's presence. (©) @ small value of psi squared indicates the strong possibility of the particle's presence. (@) is unrelated to quantum theory and de Broglie waves. ‘Ans. : (b) 16, An important implication of the uncertainty principle discovered by Werner Heisenberg is (2) very small particles moving at slow speeds contain vast quantities of energy, the basis of the atomic bomb. () if we can gather enough data, then it may be possible to predict the future based on present boundary conditions. (©) above a certain particle size the de Broglie waves are so insignificant that they drop to zero. (@ we can never predict the fture with absolute certainty because it is impossible to know the present with certainty. Ans. : (d) SL © ithe orbits minus the length of 18. Which of the following types of radiation is directly by the electronic structures of atoms? (a) beta radiation (b) visible light (©) alpha radiation (4) gamma rays Ams. (hy Which of the following is known as the Schrodinger equation \ @ E=hv (b) E=mce2(c) h=hip (@)_ BW = By (e) -b 22m 92 ‘Ans. (4) 20. Which of the following is NOT a correct consequence of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle: (a) The shorter the lifetime of an excited state of an atom, the less accurately can its energy be measured. (®) Am electron in an atom cannot be described by 2 well-defined orbit. (©) The momentum of an electron cannot be measured exactly. (4) Measurement of one variable in an atomic system can affect subsequent measurements of other variables. (©) A harmonic oscillator possesses ¢ zero-point energy. Ans. : (c) tion of atoms based on wave functions (b) The eo of electrons as revolving around © ne theory that explains chemical reactions (@) A description of happens when atoms collide. ae Ans. : (a) 22. The wavelength of de-broglic waves associated with mass 2 kg moving with a speed of 10° m/s. is (@) 6.6310 m (b)3.315 x 10 m (©) 3.20x 10m Ans. : (b) 23. If 'Q value is positive, kinetic energy of the produc! Hates ac of reactants, the reaction is said «0 (a) Exothermic () endothermic (©) adiabatic (@) none of above Ans. : (2)3-2" ectron is measured within an uncertai nity | ‘The minimum space required by electron ned in an atom is.. 5x10-"m (b) >= 0.579x10-! m 9x10-"°m (d) >=0.579x10-!! m Ans. : (b) et of Newton’s ring depends on wavelength of the light and the radius of curvature of the plano-convex lens : uency of the light and the radius of curvature ‘of the plano-convex lens ength of the light and the diameter of curvature of the plano-convex lens ) wavelength of the light and the circumference of __ curvature of the plano-convex lens Ans. : (a)Which one of = gy reales eet” WH wd CA 4 Amity Atomic packing factor is @ _ Distance between two adjacent atoms ® Projected area fraction of atoms on a plane (©) Volume fraction of atoms in cell @ None Ans. : (e) ‘The atomic diameter of an BOC crystal (if a is lattice parameter) is @a M$ OA wh Am: ‘0 ®. “@ Miller indices for Octahedral plane in cubic a (a) (100) (b) (110) i © an) (@) None ‘Ans. : (c) Repeatable entity of a crystal structure is known as (a) Crystal (b) Lattice d (c) Unit cell (d) Miller indices Ams. : (¢) Particles that most effects material properties (a) Neutrons (b) Protons (c) Electrons (d) Valence electrons Ans. : (d) Assign the Bravais lattice type for the following unit- Ans, : (¢) wl15. a. rite, Mg:SiO,, has an orthorhombic Tucture with lattice parameters a= 4.762 10.225 A ande= 5.994 A. Calculate the paration of the (121) lattice planes, (@) 5.9944 (b) 12.773 A © 30134 (a) 6,994 A Ans, : (c) How many nearest neighbors are there for an atom in & hexagonal close-packed crystal structure? @) 6 &)12 @18 (a)24 Ans. :(b) ‘The three dimensional graph of lattice points which Sets the pattem for the whole lattice is called {@) spacelattice (b) simple lattice ©) unit cell (q) crystal lattice Ans, : (c) Which of the following are the CORRECT axial Aistances and axial angles for rhombohedral system? @ a=b=c,a=B=y490° (&) a=beca 90° (©) atb#c,a=B=y=90° @) arbsc, axBeye 90° Ans. : (a) The interstitial hole is called tetrahedral because (@) itis formed by six spheres (b) itis tetrahedral in shape (©) itis formed by four spheres and the centres form a regular tetrahedron. “ (@) itis formed by three spheres Ans, : (c) ‘Which of the following crystallises in bec structure? (Al ()Cu (©) Mg) W Ans, : (@) The space occupied by B.C.C. arrangement is approximately (a) 50% —(b) oh ()74% — (d) 56% - In the unit cell of NaCl lattice, there are (a) 3.Na+ ions (©) 6 Nat ions (©) 6Cl-ions (4 NaCl units 22, Ae 24, 25, ae 27. owing ions has the largest radiys n2+ (e) AIS (A) Sig, Ans, : (a) solids are, (0) solid substances (b)- liquids (©) super cooled liquids (A) substances with definite melting poin: Ans. : (c) The most malleable metals (Cu, AB: Au) have close packing of the type (a) AAAA (b) ABCABC (©) ABAB (4) ABCCBA Ans. : (hy In which of the following substances, the carton ‘atom is arranged in a regular tetrahedral structure? (@) Diamond (b) Benzene (©) Graphite (d) Carbon black Ans. : (a) If the coordination number of Ca” in CaF; is 8, then the coordination number of F ion would be @3 (4 ©6 8s ‘Ans. : (b) Bravais lattices are of ____types. @8 12 wis ~9 Ans. : (¢) ‘An example of a body centred cube is (@) sodium (b) aluminium (©) nickel (@) copper Ans. : (a) Which of the following statement is NOT CORRECT? (@) The number of carbon atoms in a unit cell of diamond is 4. The number of Bravais lattices in which a crystal can be categorised is 14, The fraction of the total volume occupied by the ‘toms in a primitive cell is 0.48. Molecular solids are generally volatile, Ans, : (c) Which metal among the following has the highest Packing efficiency? (a) Iron (b) Tungsten, (©) Aluminium (@) Polonium Wavelength covered by Moseley was (@) 0,06-9 angstrom (b) 0.1-7 angstrom (©) 0,04-8angstrom (@) 0.07-6 angstrom) ai (b) (©) @ Ans.: (©)6626 x 10“ 5-5 1x10 kg + WBobrmagnetic = 1B=927 x 10™ Am? 1. Which of the following parameter is used to assess magnetic ability of material ? (@) Magnetic fiux density (>) Magnetization (©) Magnetic dipole moment (@, Soscepaibility Ans. : (d) iamagrcic mac wich of te folowing i | AE conect? (@ Magnetic susceptibility <0 (®) Magnetic susceptibility > 0 (©) Magnetic susceptibility = 0 @ Nove of the mentioned Ams. : (a) e CL -See following is correct about diamagnetic material’ (@) Relative permeability = 0 (b) Relative permeability <1 (©) Relative permeability > 1 (@) None of the mentioned Ans. :(b) 4. Paramagnetic Curie temperature in Kelvin for iron is equal to: @ 2195 &) 495 ©) 895 @ 1095 Ans. : (d) _ 5. With increase in temperature magnetic susceptibility of + et (@) Increases © (®) Decreases (© Remains constant (@ None of the mentioned Ans. : (a) 6. th increase in the area of hysteresis curve, power Aces wi (a) Increases (b) Decreases (@) First decreases then ineteases (@)_ Fins increases then decreases Ans. (a) oe (c) 0.02 a @ 2 materials the susceptibility is ininiy 9 % -(b) False Ans. : (a) 2 5 Magnetic moment to area u. is applied? (@) They move randomly and collide with each other (@) They move in the direction of the field (©) They remain stable @ et Ans. : ee . @) Zo &) Finite (© Infinite (d) None ofthe above Ans. : (a) 13 The temperature at which conductivity of a mater! becomes infinite is called (a) Giitical temperature (©) Absolute temperature (c) Mean temperature (@ Crystallization temperature 14. The superconducting state is perfectly (@) Diamagnetic _(b)_Paramagnetic (©) Ferromagnetic (4) Ferromagnetic Ans. : (a) 15. Avhich of the following are the properties of ‘superconductors? (2) They are diamagnetic in nature (0) They have zero resistivity (©) They have infinite conductivity Ans. : (a) in nature. (@) Allofthe above Ans. : (@) ‘magnetic lines of force cannot penetrate the body on is known as (a) Isotopic BCS theory (©) Meissnereffect (4) London theory Ans. :(c) 17. Which of the ‘conductor has highest critical @ (©) Ans. : (d)Physics (Dr. BATU) sconductors, the Fermi energy level is Below the ground state jway between the ground state and first excited ‘Above first excited state "At first excited state Ans. : (b) o of the intensity of magnetization 1 to the ng field H is called magnetic permeability (b) susceptibility induction (4) moment Ans. : (b) material which has negative value of susceptibility ferromagnetic (b) paramagnetic Giamagnetic —_(4)_ceramic Ans. : (6) The spin exchange interaction aligns the neighbouring, magnetic dipole moments (a) perpendicular to each other (b) inclined to each other (©) parallel to each other (d) anti-parallel to each other Ans. : (c) . Which of the following is strongly magnetized in a ‘weak magnetic field @ Ni (b) Ag (©) Pt @ Bi recta 23, The specimen in which the magnetic flux density inside is smaller than that outside is (a) paramagnetic (b) diamagnetic (©) ferromagnetic (6) para or ferromagnetic Ans. :(b) 24, The intensity of magnetization is given by @ MA) mV (@ wA @ mA Ans: (@) 25, Which of the following is NOT ferromagnetic (a) Co (b) Cr 2 (@ Ni @ Fe pos, :(b) 26. ‘The relationship between the relative permeability and the susceptibility is @ prek © # ¢ (© mek @ » ‘Ans. : (d) 27, The dipole moment of an atom is due 0 (@) the otital motion of electrons (b) the spin motion of electrons (©) both astital and spin mations of lens (@)_ neither the spin Magnetic and Superconducting Marials (b) False (a) True Ans. : (a) 29. ‘The electric flux density is the i ) Prod of permittivity and electric field intensity : } Product of number of flux lines and permittivity © Product of permeability and electric field intensity (4) Product of number of flux lines and permeability ‘Ans. : (a) 30. Find the flux density of a sheet of charge density 25 units in air ‘ (@ 25 () 125 (©) 625 (d) 3.125 Ans. :(b) Discuss the classifications of magnetic materials on the basis of magnetic moment. (Section 5.3) Q.2. Define (a) Magnetic dipole (Section 5.2()) (0) Magnetic field strength (Section 5.2(1)) (c)_ Intensity of magnetization (Section 5.2(¥)) (@) Magnetic dipole moment (Section 5.2(W)) {e) Magnetic field intensity (Section 5:2(%) (f) Magnetic permeability (Section 5.2(vil)) (g)_ magnetic susceptibility (Section 5.2(vi)) (h) Bohr magneton (Section 5.2(x)) 1.3. Derive relation between magnetic susceptiblty and magnetic Permeability. (Section 5.2) Q.4 Explain B+ H curve and discuss important points on it. (Section 5.4) .5 Whats superconductivity ? (Section 5.9) Q.6 Write failures of free electron theory. (Section 5.5.1) at Q.7 Whats mobility write its unit ? (Section 5.6.1) Q.8 Explain microscopic form of Ohm's law. (Section 5.6.2) Q.9 Whatis Meissner effect ? (Section 5.10) €.40 Distinguish between type and type! superconductor, (Section 5.11.3) Q.11 Write a detailed note on MAGLEV trains. (Gection 5.12.1) Q. 12 Explain significance of superconductors using some important applications, (Section 5.12) goo2 BA Beeoncoon's korn polaron |, Dielectrics & Electrodynamics Write 1 the types of dielectric Ans. : Diclectri a le Materials are classified into three categories @ "Elemental sot dicteetice a Rea polar ot onc dielectric @ Liquia @ Mineral insutting oit Gi) “Synthetic insulting oi Gil) Miscellancous insulating oil GB) Gases @ Air (@) Nitrogen (ii) Sulphur hexafluoride (iv) Hydrogen _£ an intrinsic semiconductor, the Fermi level (a) Lies at the center of forbidden energy gap, (b) Is near the conduction band. © Isnear the valence band. were @)_ May be anywhere in the forbidden energy gap. 2 ‘The ratio of impurity atoms to __ intrinsic ‘semiconductor atoms in an extrinsic semiconductor is ) about. ~— @ 110) 1:103 © 1105 (d) 1108 Ans. : (d) = ‘In a P type material the Fermi level is 0.3 eV above the valence band. The concentration of accepter atoms is increased. The new position of Fermi level is likely to be (@) 0.5 eV above the valence band. - @) 0.2 eV above the valence band. level 7 (a) Is lower than the center of energy gap (b) Isat the center of energy gap Two initially identical samples A and B of pure feranium are doped with donors to concentrations oft % 1020 and 3 x 1020 respectively. If the hole Soncentration in A is 9 % 1012, then the hole Concentration in B atthe same temperature will be (8) 3410" m0) 7810" m? (©) 1x10" m? (4) 77210" m? Nall voltage is directly proportional (©) current (b) electric field (©) magnetic lux density (all of shove Ans. : fe) ‘Ans. : (a) Hall probe is made up of (a) metals (©) semiconductor (6) nom metals (d) radioactive material ‘Ans. : (e) al field strength related to hall voltage is given (@) Vid (6) “ws (©) Va (4) Edn. : (e) ‘The conductivity of an intrinsic semiconductor is given by (symbols have the usual meanings): (@) i= eni2 (un—yp) (b) i =eni (un—pp) (©) ci=eni Gun +np) (d) None of the above. Ams. :(¢) Measurement of Hall coefficient enables the determination of: (@) Mobility of charge carriers (b) Type of conductivity and concentration of \— charge carers (©) Temperature coefficient conductivity (d) None of the above Ans. : (0) ‘When n, and n, are electron and hole densities, and we and jn are the carrier mobilities, the Hall coefficient is positive when. (@) ph ywhonepe (©) nhyheneyh and thermal (b) nh ph? nepe* (@ Nome of the above ‘Ans. : (0) Find the dielectric constant for a material with electric susceptibility of 4 @ 3 5 @8 WI6 A dielectric can be male a conductor by (a) Compression —_(b) Heating (©) Doping (@) Freezing Ans. : (b) ‘A. metal surface with | meter radius and surface ‘charge density of 20 coulombs / m2 is enclosed in 2 10 m side. The total outward electric displacement “normal to the surface of the cube is (a) 40ncoulombs. —(b) 80x coulombs. (©) 10xcoulombs, none of these. Ams. : (b) Ams, :(b)(b) E=nD. =D2/e @) E=D/e Unit of electric flux density is (@) coulomb, (b) farad / meter. (©) coulomb/ meter’, (4) weber / meter’. Ans. : (€) 19. Calculate the polarisation vector of the material ‘which has 100 dipoles per unit volume in a volume ‘of 2 units. @ 20 0 © 40 20. Polarizability is defined as the {a) Product of dipole moment and electric field (b) Ratio of dipole moment to electric field (©) Ratio of electric field to dipole moment (@) Product of dielectric constant and dipole moment Ans. : (b) 21. Identify which type of polarisation depends on temperature. (a) Electronic (©) Orientational 22. Calculate the polarisation vector in air when the bility is 5 and electric field is 12 units. es 2 (©) 0 (d) 24 Ans. :(€) do not have which type of polarisation? ‘Ans. : (d) (@) 0.02 () Tonic (@) Interfacial Ans. : (©) Tonic (b) Orientational Interfacial (d) Electronic Ans. : (©) ic materials, which of the following will be independent of the direction? (b) Permeability (@) Polarizability Ans. : (a) encels is/are likely to occur due to expression is correct for 28. Qt According to Maxwell's second equation in integral form gives (a) V.D=pv (b) [Dds =[(V.D)dv (©) [Hdl =\(VXH)ds (4) XH = Je + JdAns. : (d) Maxwell's third equation in integal form gives (a) V.D=pv (b) J Edt = S(VXE)ds (©) [Hdl =\(VXH)ds (d) VX =~ 0B/ ot Ans. : Maxwell's fourth equation in integral form gives (w VB (b) JBds =0 (©) [Hdl =J(VXH)ds_(d) VXE =~ OB/ OtAns. : Maxwell's equations are based on law(s). (a) Faraday's (b) Gauss's (©) Ampere's (A) All of these Explain the band theory of solids and hence based con forbidden energy gap classify solids in to ‘conductor, semiconductor and insulator, (Section 6.2) Explain the concept of holes. What is effective mass? (Section 6.3.1) Write the expression of Fermi-function and prove that all energy levels above Fermi level are empty and all energy levels below Fermi level are filled. (ection 6.4) ‘What is Fermi-level? (Section 6.5) Discuss the shifting of Fermi level in extrinsic semiconductors. What is Hall effect? What is Hall voltage? Explain an ‘experimental arrangement to obtain. Vi, (Section 6.8) Explain a technique to calculate Hall coefficient mobility and carrier concentration using Hall effect experiment. (Section 6.8) Discuss in detail the various dielectric breakdown mechanism. (Section 6.10) Explain various types of polarization mechanism '9 dielectric. (Section 6.12) Disouss the effect of temperature and frequency ©" dielectric. (Section 6.13) Write differential form of Maxwell's equation on 6.14) ; gral fm of Maxwel's equation (b) Ans. :