~ D IAS Delhi Institute for Administrative Services India's Leading Institute for Civil Services examination Renowned D P Vajpayee Sir CLASS NOTES BOOK - 2 18, Pusa Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 www.diasindia.com| diasindia123@gmail.comBanner + Guwahati (8) png i Institute For Administrative Services Uae veel aurea ee eon CUT ell OUR RESULTS IN GS FOUNDATION CSE 2020/1AS 21 BY COUNTRY’S TOP MENTORS Our GS Team @ DP Vajpayee (Chairperson DIAS) C Ptnren me RCC cet} C Wey ie) @ MK Mohit @ Abhash Baidyanathan po ap data Our OPTIONALS PE ei ley Tae a ESA uae BY Dr RK Singh > MATHEMATICS NO Co aces 4 SOCIOLOGY a Cisne CCT Cade tks aes eee [Tg DIAS Has a New Centre At Guwahati. Add ;- SARALA COMPLEX, ANAND NAGAR 6 MILES, GUWAHATI - 22 All Batches start from 10th January Call Now: e 9289124488 © 9350934622 18) Pusa Road) Karol Bagh, New Delh 70005 ( P 11-40079000 ) www, diasindia.com| diasi box tb. xohiz2PXFACZnxzaHghal ZwjpPLPorojactor18hA i Delhi Institute for Administrative Services India’s Leading Institute for Civil Services Examination ATOMIC PHYSICS TUTORIAL SHEET: 4 1, What is Zeeman Effect? How it ean be understood on quantum mechanical basis? Obtain an expression for Zeeman splitting of atomic energy levels in a magnetic field B. Explain the magnetic splitting of sodium D-lines. (2010) 2. What is spin-orbit interaction? Calculate the energy shift due to spin-orbit interaction term in H-like system. Discuss the significance of this shift in relation to the fine structure of hydrogen spectral lines (2010) 3. Discuss the fine structure of hydrogen atom spectrum. Draw the compound doublet spectrum arising as a result between 2 p and 2d levels. 2011) 4. What do you mean by term symbols? Obtain term symbols for the following sets of values of SandL: Gis (@s=2 oily Py . 7 5. Show that levels of sodium spectrum are split in the ratio of 3: 1: 2 due to anomalous Zeeman Effect. Qo) 3 F P,-375,(D. 6. Sodium doublets are produced by transitions i Pz) Calculate the Lande’s g- factors for these levels. (2012) 7. Discuss the fine structure of sodium D line. Draw D, and D: lines due to the transitions between ’P and ’S levels. (2013) 8. A sample of certain element is placed in a magnetic field of flux density 0.3 tesla. How far apart is the Zeemen component of a spectral line of wavelength 4500 A? Given: e/m = 1.76 x 10! c/kg, ¢ = 3.0 x 108s". (2014) 9, Obtain an expression for the normal Zeeman shifi, Illustrate the Zeeman splitting of spectral lines of H atom and the allowed transitions for the |= 1 and | = 2 states, 014) 10. What is Zeeman Effect? How can it be understood on the basis of quantum mechanics? (2015) 18, Pusa Road Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005 Ph: 011-40079000, 9350934622 Website: www.diasindia.com Email: diasindiat23@gmail.com 10D IA Delhi Institute for Administrative Services India's Leading Institute for Civil Services Examination 11.Obtain Zeeman splitting for sodium D-lines. (2015) 12.Find the magnetic moment of an atom in 3P2 state, assuming that LS coupling holds for this case. (2015) 25m 13. In the Stem-Gerlach experiment using Ag atoms, the oven temperature is 1000 K, nd 28, Gz - ° Tesla/m. Calculate the separation of the two components. (2016) 14, Describe Stem-Gerlach experiment, Discuss how it has explained space quantization and electron spin. Find the value of angle between the spin angular momentum $ and its 2 component of an electron moving along the external magnetic field B. 2016) ‘The series limit wavelength of Balmer series in hydrogen spectrum is experimentally found to be 3646 A. Find the wavelength of the first line of this series. (2016) 16, Compute the allowed spectral terms for two non-equivalent p-electrons of the basis of Pauli’s exclusion principle, 2016) 17, Explain in detail L-S coupling and j-j coupling schemes. (2016) 18, What is Lamb shift? What is its significance in determining the fine structure of Ha Balmer ne in hydrogen atom? (2016) 19. Calculate the radius of electron orbit for Lit’ in ground state. (2018) and J-J coupling in atomic spectroscopy. What are stence? (2018) 20. Describe the importance of 1 experimental evidences of their e: the factors on which Larmor frequency is dependent. (2018) 21.What is Zeeman effect? Discus 22.Discuss the fine structure of hydrogen spectrum. How is it of importance in the astronomical observations? (2018) 23.Define mathematically the Bohr radius of a hydrogen atom and who that the binding energy at state n of this atom can be given by Ts, Pusa Road Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005 Ph: 011-40079000, 9350934622 Website: www-diasindia.com Email: diasindia123@gmail.com uwoN Delhi Institute for Administrative Services India's Leading Institute for Civil Services Examination od ae Zena ™* "2 (a/Z) inne, where Z is the atomic number of H atom. Calculate the numerical values of a and Ey of H atom. 2019) 24, Describe normal and anomalous Zeeman effect. Explain how it lifts the degeneracy in hydrogen atom. (2019) 25. What is lamb shift? Discuss its significance in determining the fine structure of Hg Balmer line in hydrogen atom. 2019) 26, Determine the normal Zeeman splitting of the cadmium red line of 6438 A, when the atoms are places in a magnetic field of 0,009 T. (2020) 27. Explain how the magnetic moments of atoms, the space quantization of angular momentum and the spin of electron are measured using Stern — Gerlach experiment (2020) 18, Pusa Road Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005 Ph: 011-40079000, 9350934622 Website: www.diasindia.com Email: diasindial23@gmail.com 2Delhi Institute for Administrative Services India’s Leading Institute for Civil Services Examination PHYSICS PAPER- Il: MOLECULAR PHYSICS TUTORIAL SHEET: 5 1. Calculate, giving necessary steps, the radio frequency at which nuclear magnetic resonance occurs in water kept in a uniform magnetic field of 2-47". The magnetic moment of proton is 2-793uN (2010) 2. (i) Discuss occurrence of rotational energy levels of a diatomic molecule and show that the pure rotation spectrum of such a molecule consists of a series of equally spaced lines separated by a constant wave number difference 2B. Write down the selection rules. (ii) Is it possible to obtain pure rotational spectra of H7,, HF, Q,and NO molecules? Gii)In CO molecule J= O J = | line ocours at a frequency 1-153%10" Hz. Calculate the moment of inertia of CO molecule. (2010) 3. What is Raman Effect? How doe: iffer from Rayleigh scattering? Explain Raman Effect on the basis of quantum mechanical theory. How is Raman Effect experimentally studied? What are the advantages of using laser sources in the study of Raman Effect? (2010) 4, State and explain Franck- cuss ils applications in molecular spectroscopy. “ondon principle. (2010) 5. On the basis of inertia !4!z and Iceach about X, Y and Z axes respectively, how can you classify molecules? 2011) imple oscillator, obtain its energy (vibrational) 6. (a) (i)Treating a diatomie molecule as a levels. (iiyThe observed vibrational frequency of the Co molecule is 6.42 x 10 12u,0= 16x Hz, What is the effective force constant of the molecule? (C- (b) (i) Discuss pure rotational spectra of linear molecules (ii) What is Lamb shift? Qo) 7. Why should rotational Raman spectrum show a separation of the first Raman line from the exciting line as 6B c’"~*- While the separation between successive lines is equal to 4B ¢ »*, when B is the rotational constant? 2012) 8. What will happen to the energy level of an unpaired electron when subjected to an external id? Find the condition for electron spin resonance. (2013) magneti TB, Pusa Road Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005 Ph: 011-40079000, 9350934622 asindia.com Email: diasindia123@gmail.com 3istrative Services Delhi Inst India’s Leading Institute for Civil Services Examination 9. (a) With proper selection rules, construct the energy level diagram and allowed transitions for ESR spectrum of hydrogen atom. (b) Why are Raman active vibrations and infrared vibrations in COmolecule complementary to each other? (c) Ina Raman spectrum of linear triatomie molecule, the first three lines are 4.86, 8.14 and 11.36em"', Calculate the rotational constant, B and the moment of inertia of the molecule. (Given h = 6.626 x 1077J.s, C= 3.0x 10"cmisee.) (2013) 10. Discuss the vibrational spectra of a diatomic molecule treating it as an anharmonic oscillator. (2014) 11, Explain how the nuclear spin I depends on the mass number A and atomic number Z of atoms. (2014) 12. (i) Obtain an expression for the resonance condition in NMR iiJExplain the relaxation processes in NMR spectroscopy (2014) 13, Establish that: he =1240 MeV. fin (2015) 14, Hydrogen molecule is diatomic. Obtain the rotational energy levels of this molecule. Write down the selection rules. Obtain the smallest energy required to excite the lowest rotational mode. 2015) 15. The observed vibrational frequency of CO molecule is 6.4210" Hz. What is the effective force constant of the molecule? (2015) 16, Show that the lines in the absorption spectra corresponding to the rotational transitions from two adjacent energy levels of a medium sized molecule at room temperature have comparable intensi (2017) 17. Given the force constant of HCI molecule = 516 Nm, determine the wave number of the fundamental mode of vibration of the molecule. How many transition lines one can expect in the vibration spectra of HC] molecule at room temperature? (2017) xplain Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman scattering with the help of energy level diagram. For molecule, obtain expressions for transition energies of its Raman speetra with rotational fine structure and hence the wave numbers of the Stokes lines. 2017) 18, Pusa Road Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005, Ph: 011-40079000, 9350934622 Website: www.diasindia.com Email: diasindia123@gmail.com 14D IA Delhi Institute for Administrative Services India’s Leading Institute for Civil Services Examination 19. Explain why lines in some Raman spectra are found to be plane polarized to different extents even though the exciting radiation is completely unpolarized? 2017) 20. State Franck-Condon principle. Define Franck-Condon factors. Using schematic diagram, explain the decay of excited states leading to the phenomena of fluorescence and phosphorescence. (2017) 21. Explain the principle of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) with the help of an energy level diagram, Give examples of nuclei which exhibit NMR. What major inferences can be drawn from an NMR spectra? 2017) 22. In an NMR experiment, hydrogen atoms are subjected to a magnetic field of 5.0 T. Determine the difference in energy (ki/mol) between two spin states of the nuclei of hydrogen atom and the frequency of radiation required for NMR. (2017) 23. What is nuclear precession? How is it used in the principle of working of NMR? (2018) 24, Discuss the theory of rotational and vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules. What is the difference between fluorescence and phosphorescence? (2018) 25, Why are Raman active vibrations and IR vibrations in CO, molecule complementary to each other? (2019) 26. What is Franck-Condon principle? Discuss the intensity distribution in the vibrational electronic spectra of a diatomic molecule on the basis of this principle. (2019) 27. Write the principle of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) . Explain the design and work of NMR, and write its important applications. (2020) 28. Calculate the frequency of the first Bohr orbit of hydrogen atom. (2020) electron theory (2020) 29. What is Zeeman effect? Explain Zeeman effect on the basis of classic: 18, Pusa Road Karol Bagh, New Delhi- 110005 Ph: 011-40079000, 9350934622 Website: www.diasindia.com Email: diasindia123@gmail.com 4sD IA Delhi Institute for Administrative Services India's Leading Institute for Civil Services Examination ATOMIC PHYSICS ASSINGNMENT_ SHEET: 4 1. What is Lamb shift? Explain it by illustrating through a suitable energy level diagram, Has Lamb shift been observed in any atom other than hydrogen? (2001) 2. Give briefly an account on the important historical developments to establish the concept of electron spin. (2001) 3. On the basis of vector atom model, discuss briefly the L-S and J-J coupling schemes. (2001) 4. Write down expressions for spin angular momentum, orbital angular momentum and total angular momentum under L-S coupling scheme. (2001) 5. Write the spectral symbol of the term with, 1/2 J=5/2 and g= 6/7 (2002) 6. Derive an expression for the spin-orbit interaction energy in one electron system. Calculate the energy separation between the levels *Pi and *Paa. (2002) 7. Write the electronic configuration of mercury (Z=80) Obtain the spectral term for the normal and the first excited configuration on the atom. (2002) 8 Calculate the Larmor frequency of a spi ¥% particle ina magnetic field B. (2003) 9. Define the gyromagnetic ratio and obtain an expression for the Lande ‘g’ factor. What is the importance of *g” in spectroscopy? (2003) 10, What is Zeeman Effeet? How can it be understood on a quantum mechanical basis? Obtain an expression for Zeeman shift. (2004) 11. Calculate the Zeeman shift observed in the normal Zeeman Effect when a spectral line a wave length 5000 A° is subjected to the magnetic field of 0.4 wb/m?. (2004) 12, What are the term symbols for atoms with the following § & L quantum numbers. $=1/2 and (2004) 13. How many lines occur in the multiplet arising from *P32 8) and ?Py2—> of alkali metal atoms placed in a weak magnetic fields why? (2005) 14. Describe Stern-Gerlach experiment and discuss its implications. (2005) 18, Pusa Road Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005 Ph; 011-40079000, 9350934622 Website: www.diasindia.com Email: diasindia123@gmail.com 10“nN Delhi Institute for Administrative Services India's Leading Institute for Civil Services Examination 15, What is Lamb shift? Has it been observed in any atom other than hydrogen? (2007) 16, Describe Stern- Gerlach experiment. Explain how it demonstrates the discrete nature of the magnetic moment of an atom. (2007) 17. Explain normal and anomalous Zeeman Effect. Obtain expression for Zeeman splitting of an alkali metal spectral line, and illustrate with an example. (2008) 18, For transition to the ground state what is the longest wavelength that can be emitted by hydrogen. (2008) 19, What was the aim of Stern — Gerlach experiment? Why were silver atoms chosen instead of electrons in the experiment? What was the outcome of the experiment? (2009) 20.2°S,,. level in H atom is 1058 MHz above the 2° P,,, level (i) What is this known as? (ii) Express the above frequeney in cr (iii) Calculate the energy difference between the above two levels in eV. (2009) 21.(i) Establish that hc = 1240eV/nm = 1240 MeV. Fm (ii) The energy levels of a hydrogen atom are given by E, = (-1/1").Ryd. -097 10’ m”' What exactly is R? (2009) Wherel Ryd = heR.Show that (i) Find the ground state total orbital (L) and total spin (S) quantum numbers for nitrogen. (ii) Find the L and S values of the two “first excited states” of helium atom. (b). (i) Explain spin-orbit coupling of an atomic electron. i) Show that the 2p state in the H atom splits up into two substates due to spin-orbit coupling. (iii) Calculate the energy of separation in eV, resulting from the spin-orbit coupling when the magnetic field experienced by the electron is 0.4 T (2009) 18, Pusa Road Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005 Ph: 011-40079000, 9350934622 Website: www.diasindia.com Email: diasindia123@gmail.com cenite for Administrative Services Delhi Ins s India's Leading Institute for Civil Services Examination PHYSICS PAPER- Il: MOLECULAR PHYSICS ASSINGNMENT SHEET: 5 vely the occurrence of rotational energy levels of diatomic molecule. Write — down the selection rule fi, Is it possible to obtain pure rotational spectra of H2, HE, 02 and No molecules? Can one obtain pure rotational spectra in emission? Comment. (On both of the above mentioned queries). In CO molecule J=0—>J=1 line oceurs at frequency 1.153% 101" Hz, Calculate the moment of inertia of CO molecule. What is Raman Effect? How doe: important applications. plain Raman Effect with the aid of quantum mechanical theory Why is Raman Effect considered complimentary to infrared absorption spectra? Iv. A Raman Stoke’s line is observed at nm. When a sample is excited by Hg green line of wave length546 nm. Calculate the wave length of anti-stoke’s line (2001) differ from Rayleigh scattering? Write down its 2. i. A sample is irradiated by a 5000 A® radiation to give a Raman line at 5050.5 A°. Calculate the Raman frequency. . Explain, both red and violet degraded bands have been observed in electronic band systems, but rotation-vibration spectra show bands degraded to red only. (2002) Calculate the moment of inertia of HCI molecule from the expression= 20.68(J+1) cm where J 0, (2002) 4. A diatomic ga found to have a number of absorption bands in the ultraviolet region. Fach band is observed to have a fine structure. How can the observed spectrum be explained and analyse (2002) 5. Explain the nature, origin and significance of 21 em Hydrogen line, (2002) 6. Calculate the change in rotational constant Bu when deuterium is substituted for hydrogen in a hydrogen molecule. (2002) 7. (i) What are the typical energies (ev) of the radiations, required to excite (i) electronic transitions (ii) vibrational transitions and (ii) rotational transitions in a molecule? (i) The rotational spectrum of HI consist of equidistant lines with a separation of 12.8 em’! Calculate the (a) M.I. and (b) bond length of HI molecule. (2003) 8. Discuss the salient features of O, P,Q.R and S branches of electronic spectrum of diatomic molecules. Which spectrum contains only branches, both branches and bands, branches and progressions? (2003) 18, Pusa Road Karol Bagh, New Delhi- 110005 | Ph: 011-40079000, 9350934622 Website: www.diasindia.com Email: diasindia123 @gmail.com | 2Delhi Institute for Administrative Services India’s Leading Institute for Civil Services Examination ‘9, Show that a spinning nucleus processes in a magnetic field, Explain the underlying principle of NMR spectroscopy. The magnetic moment of a proton is 2.793 yn Caleulate the radio frequency at which nuclear magnetic resonance occurs in water kept in a magnetic field of 1.5 T. (2003) 10. Water vapor shows Infrared absorption bands at 1595 em, at 3652 cm! and at 3756 em’. If the Raman spectrum is observed with the Argon ion laser 514.5 nm, at what wavelength would you expect to find the Raman - stokes lines? (2004) 11. High resolution laser spectroscopy can resolve lines that cannot be resolved by conventional spectroscopy. Justify this statement. 2004) 12. Briefly describe rotational fine structure of electronic spectra of diatomic molecules. (2004) 13. What are the selection rules for rotational spectra? Draw a neat diagram to show the allowed rotational transitions. (2004) 14. Explain the molecular phenomenon of spontaneous emission between two electronic states of the same multiplicity and differentiate it from that of different multiplicity (2008) 15. The constants B and Vo for a KCI molecule have values 143 x10 eV and 84 x10" s respectively. Determine the number of rotational levels between the vibrational levels v =0 and v =L (2005) 16. How can the pure rotation spectrum of Hz molecule be observed? If the bond length of Hz molecule is 0.07417 nm. What would be the spacing of lines in its spectrum? (2005) 17. Differentiate between Rayleigh and Raman seatterings. Why is Raman scattering considered to be a breakthrough in molecular spectroscopy? What are the advantages of using laser light in Raman spectroscopy? (2005) 18. Obiain an expression for the vibration-rotation energy levels of a diatomic molecule ina given electronic state. The wave numbers of the vibrational transitions occurring in HF, HCI and HI molecules are34143 cm’, 29889 cm‘!and 23095 cm! respectively. Compare the force constants of these three molecules. (2006) 19. (i) State and explain Franck — Condon Principle. (ii) In three separate pairs of electronic states (one ground and another upper state) of diatomic molecules, the average inter nuclear distances are- (i) equal: (ii) slightly g (iii) appreciably greater. ater 18, Pusa Road Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005 Ph: 011-40079000, 9350934622 Website: www.diasindia.com Email: diasindia123@gmail.com 3D IA Delhi Institute for Administrative Services India's Leading Institute for Civil Services Examination In accordance with Franck- Condon principle, obtain most favourable transitions from the ground state vibrational levels in each of the above situations. Mlustrate the transitions by drawing suitable energy — level diagrams. (2007) 20. Draw the potential energy of a diatomic molecule as a function of iter atomic distance. Mark the vibrational and rotational energy levels. Explain the selection rule for transitition between vibrational states, (2008) 21. Assume a diatomic molecule consis 1g of two atoms of masses m, and m, separated by a distance 7, Write down the Hamiltonian operator for the molecule, Determine the rotational energy levels of the molecule, (2008) 22. Write full form of acronyms EPR and NMR. Give underlying principle of EPR. (2008) 23. Explain fluorescence and phosphorescence in electronically excited molecules. (2009) 24. Discus well as an anharmonic os the vibrational spectra of a diatomic molecule treating it as a harmonic oscillator as ator and compare them. (2009) 25, Explain Born — Oppenheimer approximation. Discuss the intensity distribution in the vibrational electronic spectra of a diatomic molecule on the basis of Franck ~ Condon principle. (2009) 1B, Pusa Road Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005 Ph: 011-40079000, 9350934622 Website: www.diasindia.com Email: diasindia123 4DGASbzzz. Ph 011-40079000, Mob. No. ~ 9350934622 FOR — AS EXAM, 2022 PHYSICSPaPER 21(@) Mechanics of Particles: {ams of motion; conservation of energy and ‘momentum, applications to rotating frames, centripetal nd Corals accelerations; ‘Motion under a central force; Conservation of angular momentum, Kepers laws; Fields and potentials; Gravitational field and potential due to spherical bodies, Gauss and Polson equations, gravitational seifenergy; Two-body problem: Reduced mass; Rutherford scattering: Cente of ‘mass and laboratory reference frames. (0) Mechanics of Rigid Bodies: System of particles; Centre of mass angular ‘momentum, equations of motion; Conservation ‘theorems fr energy;momentum and angular ‘momentum: Elastic and inelastic elisions; Rigid body; Degrees of freedom, Euler's theorem angular velocity, angular momentum, moments of meri, theorems af parallel and ‘perpendicular axes, equation of motion for ratation; Molecular rotations (as rigid bodies): Di ‘and tr atomic molecules; Precessonal motion; top, gyroscope. (c] Mechanics of continuous Media: Elasticity, Hooke's law and elastic constants of isotropic solids ad their intr-eltion; Streamiine (Laminar) flow, viscosity, Polseulle’s equation, Bernoull’s equation, Stokes’ aw and applications (4) Special Relativity IMichelson-Morley experiment adits Implications; Lorent transformations Sength contraction, time dation, addition ofrelathiste ‘velocities, aberration and Doppler effect, mass energy relation, simple applications to a decay process; Four dimensional momentum vector; Covariance of equations of physics, 2. Waves and optics (a) Waves: Simple harmonic mation, damped ‘oscilation, forced oscilation and resonance Beats; Stationary waves ina sting; Pulses and ‘wave packets; Phase and group ‘eloctesiefletion and Refraction from Huygens’ principe (€) Geometrical Opties: Laws of reflection and refraction from Fermat's principle; Matix ‘method in parasal optics thin lens formula, nodal planes, system of two thin lenses, chromatic and spherical aberrations. (c) Interference: interference of light Youne's ‘experiment, Newton's rings, interference by thin films, Michelson interferometer; Mukile bear interference ané Fabry-Perot interferometer. {¢) Diffraction: Fraunhofer difraction singe sit, ‘double st, difraction gratin, resolving power; Ditteaction by a cular aperture andthe Airy pattern; Fresnel itfaction:hal-period zones 2nd zone plates, circular aperture, (e)Potariation and Modern Optics: Production and detection of nearly and circularly polarized light; Double refraction, quarter wave plate; Optica ectivty; Principles of fibee optics, attenuation; Pulse dispersion in step index and parabolic index fibres; Matera dspersion, single ‘mode fibres; Lasers Einstein Aand 8 coefficients Ruby and He-Ne losers (Characteristics of laser ght-spatial and temporal coherence; Focusing of acer beams; Three-evel scheme for laser operation; Holography and simple applications. 23.Electricity and Magnetism: (2) Electrostatles ‘and Magnetoztatis: Laplace and Poisson ‘equations in electrostatics and thelr applications Energy ofa system of charges, multipole ‘expansion of scalar potential Method of images ‘and its applications; Potential and field due to 3 ‘ipoe, force and torque on a dipole in an fexterna fel; Dielectrics, polarization; Solutions to boundary value prablems-conducting and electric spheres ina uniform electric field "Magnetic shell, uniformly magnetized sphere; Ferromagnetic material hysteresis, eneray lass. (b) Current Electricity: Krchhof’s laws and their applications; Biot Savart law, Ampere’ ow, Faraday’ aw, Ler la; Sel-and mutual- inductances; Mean and rms values in AC circuits; DCand AC cicults with R, Land C components; ‘Series and patallel resonances; Quality factor Principle of transformer. (c Electromagnetic Waves and Blackbody Radiation: Displacement current and Maxwells equations; Wave equations in vacuum, Poyating theorem; Vector and scalar potentials; Electromagnetic Feld tensor, covariance of ‘Maxwelf's equations; Wave equations in isotropic llectries, reflection and retraction at the ‘boundary of two delectics Fresne's relations; Total intecral reflection; Normal and anomalous dispersion; Rayleigh scattering; Blackbody radiation and Planc’s radiation law, Stefan Bottzmann law, Wien'sasplacement law and Rayleigh-Jeans' law. 4, Thermal ana Statistical Physies (@) Thermodynamics:Laws of thermodynamics, reversible and reversible processes, entropy; Isothermal, adiabati, lobar, lsochonc processes and entropy changes; Otto and Diesel engines, Gibbs’ phase rule and chemical potential: van der Waals equation of state of @ real as, critical constants; Maxwel-Boteman ‘istribution of molecular velocities, transport phenomena, equparttion and vial theorems; DDulong-Pett, Einstein, and Debye’s theories of speci heat of sali; Masowell lations and applications Clousius.Clapeyron equation; [Adiabatic demagnetsation, loule-Kelvn effect land liquefaction of gases (b)statcticl Physics: Macro and micro states, Statistical dstibutions, Moxwel-Botzmenn, Bose-tinstein and Fermi-Dirac dstributions, applications to specific heat of gases and blackbody radiation; Concept of negative temperatures. PAPER {.quantum Mechanics: Wave-particle duality, Schroedinger equation and expectation values Uncertainty principe; Solutions ofthe one dimensional Schroedinger equation fora free particle (Gaussian wave-packet), particle ina box, Particle ina fiite well, near harmonic osllator; Reflection and transmission bya step potential and by a rectangular barrier; Particle ina three imensional bor, density of states, free electron ‘theory of metals; Angular momentum; Hydrogen ‘atom; Spin half particles, properties of Paul spin satries. 2. Atomic and Molecular Physics: Stern-Gerlach ‘experiment, electron spin ine structure of hydrogen atom; LS coupling, coupling: ‘Spectroscopic notation of atomic states; Zeeman effect; Frank-Condon princigle and applications; Elementary theory of rotational, vibratonal and electronic spectra of diatomic molecules; Raman effect and ‘molecular structure; Laser Raman spectroscopy; Importance of neural hydrogen atom, molecular hydrogen and molecuar hydrogen ion in astronomy; Fluorescence and Phosphorescence; Elementary theory and applications of NMR and EPR; Elementary ideas about Lamb shift and its significance. 5.Nucear and Particle Physics: Basic nuclear propertis-sz, binding energy, angular ‘momentum, parity, magnetic moment; Semi- tempicial mass formula and applications, mass parabola, Ground state of deuteron, magnetic ‘moment and non central forces; Meson theory of hclear forces; Salient features of nuclear forces; Shell model of the nucleus ~ successes and limitations; Violation of party in beta decay Gamma decay and internal conversion; Elementary ideas about Mossbauer spectroscopy; ‘.value of nuclear reactions; Nuclear fission and fusion, energy production instars; Nuclear reactors. Classification of elementary particles and their interactions; Conservation laws; Quark structure of hadrons; Field quanta of electroweak And strong interactions Flementary ideas abou" unification of forces; Physics of neutrinos. ‘4Solid State Physis, Devices and Electronics: Cysaline and amorphous structure of matter: Different crystal systems.space groups; Methods of determination of cystal structure; Xray difaction,scansing and ‘transmission electron microscopes; Band theory of solids - conductors, insulators and semiconductors; Thermal properties of solids, pectic heat, Debye theory; Magnetism: di, pare and ferromagnetism: Elements of superconductvty, Messner effect, Josephson Junctions and applications; Elomentary ideas about high temperature superconductvty.Intsnsie and extrinsic semiconductors: pr-p and npn transistors; ‘Amplifiers and osllators; Op-amps; FET JFET and MOSFET; Digital electronies-Boolean identities, ‘De Morgen’s laws, logic gatos and truth tables; Simple logic circuits; Thermistors solar cells; Fundamentals of microprocessors and digital computorNomi R Ttolecdar { site : Tina) 4 : Borate Phyeter — focun on atonn mowe up of nucter x .e— Moteur Thysler — foewo on Molecules Lututn ate mote upd = (eles! speifemuuy with ctatonie cnolecutes) mee | oe] i AToMIc PHYSICS. & Heer Spt 5 Steen Geach Ckpeeiment. @)- Fine Shruchuve . of tiyoluegen torn, lamb et ft 2 ts Souef Sd A@. 8 2 TT coupungy | peckoyomic riolanong 9 agierore: EO tema Oper = i pe MOLECULAR _PHysies | ——_4 |. Clmontaiy tara aout Rotation. bration + Electionic: Spectra saat 4 diatrnie_Moledutes_» Trank-Conaon “parrefple. 54 ——p Ve o Raman. €pectra’ > LASER Ramon Spechmscopy ——_i<@- Fluzoscen ce_and PhS phoseorunts _Qlem Une g. H-abm . 4. NMR a ERR. LS TP Meals of Atom : Atomic. > Rag tumor (52°57 eon wente TWioteealor > fom pase Thompson, 2 Rulaeihord > the cove mucten har nel tue chdtpe em in chiculor abit Lard) o Powe > sata PaF = whi, usu not cen wen a eR 7 © Sommer fitd - Dencopt of eicternay slabs © Dhue's _Quamhum rnech- mooll a © vector modal of oun atom Bory tMoarot deawmphirn — 3 |) @)_ Greept of Stationany energy ghotes ye Bes Fest egy wshen mouse btw cbigp slates AE = 1Er~ Ey! 2 fiequeray 4 the photon emitted Jalsorbed:. ( f+ ae . 7 a 2 onn's ¢| b= Pp? - Ye? Loy? = xe? a Moor Rm AMT paves) MTR ha 5 + e Le pan en ere z ( gece en 4 vr ume Eons v= 40s nh nh m™, Zee pte eet ple ne Wen CaF % awe hy ne = Go n? & ao= ost & Comet) = z | Sets a go eek me ee Z 2 (Cutten) 2x? wire” YTS, 2? ‘Bae -LimeY ample sane abl 2 2 -3-622ev | ie Quney he h® @oth® Ne ne TR (Ryaioeng tora) re’ 1.1.x m=! [Bore -Rhe 22] : sto7h3c. a te. Imvt= e® UTeer ie if LW n=2:(Msret!) sean | rasiven ERE nent gia 2 BALMER SERIES | 1 Uketestior Grounst state)A | = [ja (PRR OA BL I t » he Cong? for frat _wne in comer. hy =1AE = 1Wi2ev ye An~iwoA”_| [ow durrnown Gomer. de = 12-48 =A be tn Pw Les| when Np. = 2 3 Ratmer Reine: ~ Hs fot une (a +2) ig: cated He une ad) Palaver Series wes in Vietiote ‘region - =| who rps 3 2. Paochen Series ol alan he teenie Roprghe On Actes ah pfroret Ragion, =| whim Nes 6s PR funel_ Reries | 1 | | Daawbacks of Bolr’Moctel —- > i) | Dow wabid fy mingle €7 system 22 ii] Tocit coor not _qiua the Yantemaihy of the Wines ee, ee [ii}| doco mot complain Weraudour A arom In pecsemce A Electric or Moprette ior fumes hoa not en plain Staek 2 Feoman eflect {80| Doon not eoplain dhe ~Pine Shuctwre (Te. many empeetmoniaedap wbsesuod lines cuo mot obtounot oy Bovis moctel), Ex ~ 7 otis Winey obtained in_vlesinihy 0)” Hoe ‘L nok “enplarnedt by Robivte tye Pot. 7d a = omagnetic. Rati soar “(8s Uecisic Bipote : meee Teanehie dipole moment _& He TN Orbiting = leehaues lke a mag nc! Dal ve Spee Oe Tp eM TS 0 [Sp is met ars a var Sead [ie eB ve] fate LT [Sion 5) amLk the came k um & the effect du’ cave op =u dnge Cand jC ovnbiparott. Lt 4 wee | a fhiiy er _tomponunt_g T je: La Can we amanuned i | aesivsatery tune _onwy’ Ue cam too _meanuned aceritibery’§ “Gyromagnerie | | = —e' cronatont- - = Rabol | ed 2m quantity) —+ | whoa only te= cystem , U wit always be duce Cony if tie ms St cam be Conitont ox 0) dor 2 e- Wyte oF More , Dean eo be rem: > fp fosernaguehie 2. fasmmagnetie makediats 2 is Zea, Lhe fi Tite xem <2 pt ke alto “rem. : it + +. | Config uation wilt be of the ‘Care Ost 2 7 ehoutd Lowe { kama £70 bud experimentalug uae NON ze a Witte [ Maui equat to -{ Ym) timilaty fox feo porn mabemals an welt an _(e/m) Proysiea ctistrepamey. . —> for Hee tnhoduced Spin, i ¢ eubleciowm Ofvicatny oceind 0: — uatoncy e- (uthith aus 4s arel ean inl) rT [Mast Goomp Cements “Fi Hs tng" eile gk ee Cr (Albati_metale’) howe act Ts) (A) YY those valence _€ — ee ete gcgeryh? WAU ge Bheehra. ene aah Drala, Che lbs thee Eieo. Ree Srily for atlatne\ Mc Fr Ys) ( ean metata T =o do emplain tne Adercpanuy wt tntroetuce Spin. Jab, =. @ As * Spe encegvatie moment: petle am < + Spin engulon momenta fi i 1 pee ee ore B= east. Aut 7 Smeal eee od | Compauira, ib. with Ma ~~ .2 0. (pure ctantial motion) } 7D = T =a 4 waxing Bers i yptiewem etna jpn m (naitees jheitae Drigibal mote am d f Gini igh gp ata) HM gee ECs | gg Rigen) Se ee Gee for Ay Quayeal _atoin | -tofal “werientum Wwit-be mnie a git Ootatta Came! a. semen 0 Spin angular - moanentr me dd: eel TE SS Sig Coupring 21 m een! = Panaereensnes Jor mith’ e atom, C wit be the weelor gum CRS | ae J Rik Fe ail waienay e7 ity Mp =e 977" 9s + -Lamde's "a aplitinn -feotor, am ie t i . =) 2 for pusery Claasieal cane omy orbaital anquoa wemenhun 44-4 ~ | ath, foo purely Quamtum cave. ond spe 4s = Gena “oa es Semen - for_uniohy epedtia te to be obptoinad cam be Soe! , Wiquicl : a Laon Dey fooms a pete Lan: be obtained cenveoponchanp to 2 Bit} sates of We specimen. ie JY Witens Pnongy Caste gus speented by smatiet gare Niuwcteor Spectres cam be mock wid Obbaineck -twith Leal Energy Gee . ra “Moteeutes , Nuckeis Af au Quomum system tei —_ dismete _emenpy tutte discrete angutar momentum vatses, *| fos Nuckeus AE ~ 10-S ev... 3 j= BE Mi A he. {2u0 w nm A he SE to-8 ev ‘ont jibe * * aie Lowe tums,MWwolecutar Goencay Woutls aur Separated by ~t0-Fev to | = moun Vo (~ iow) ul “ a lorsev Bt A= t2uotx02s10- Am. * 1 k he: Meoterutar Siena Wut am We Createst dus ty Rotation, fi Mibrabion Or eletrrénit. teeth Siew pe (ie. wher tin i a tonatihunt. whit > fe mati fe fuap for ove aurgy to i” Armored. ae ey Molecutar Enowgy Xeut (10> Fev to 100) 4 t> Rotational + lozS ev ( @ = to~tooem="s Ast.2uinm) b> Uisational ~ (Oey: .-( Bex loootm-! 5:42" rp Eleopuit ~~ lo ev tL At Reom temp , en andlewtea -v _ O.Q9c-ey hence [ lmnlecutes wvin tobake. le ie =| fitomie Langy dunes ais Repatnted by Seu0sns ev i iLe= wit jump from ene energy teuel to Otnoy in & atom). (Ne dieing tae Abreu Spectre vit wit tater Hee i Spoken in’ = vapeur dorm. —+ dbtain thine Spectra. [ f 8 ‘ee aaa oa i + | TR obtaim a Spas we newts @ speeimen th Suitotote i Bake and a Auitante _enesgy Source t Specrometen | weer) O Nustear Speena. Ratio wawer aa ZRolobione! | Miewp wenier 0" er~ w6i{) Moreoutor 2 vilscatiomnel| On Bored Creormnic| UV_& visilote UV be Visteto wel Vypicaory Afowule Speciea {< ay_emitaion pechio: Lonny : iis an ahsorpton spect. i 2, a | * State" of ain atom = a of quantum no- Of optieatty atts ae | a { ae rn fms y State Waa SAT CWE te mare) | so feds by FT) Cronigy Leuot o wee q Gelinedh by 4) Cnesay Subleust Duval) fen miuee= phe U-F le Te pee? (4S coun ea: ni pou ttt) (PB raved) ex{dine 't ‘Tovwaition yo 2. sacldused — tavede. Come vous 6 | T+ awotinr uatuos of 1) Is only 0 and + x Slick sek? Seg Sos Pages nj) de = meh “y= 8 te tt (Abe awn) beeen ms = S40 48 Cast vada) pm. Te = mK mys =f ef Capt vewey 4 eae ¥ TR Rave, Seu we pure | ace af gin / Sf mere is TF) Uy wit we then 2 Beh Fem ve gum ony tun Cand ® bot como). 2 Roe 'So -— only fox tice J tz Xeon: a a) e Sets Notation: af States: Thy Tere Soviet. Flea os t 5 e ws ribet - ie $2 0pm: PASE : a ele) T_wuuet_e- system ¢ (ties o> ["Se Ta1 yy S=0 C@ es7t, dun, v | A=d 3 J=l+s=0 (no magnerie mome eR Utd atowrfoo fut ua orbitals, Leo, $=0 J=0 4 winik_Syeninot_1 ‘Se £ 1 ; a 7 We sealer 9 Giga Alea wf From ui ue com algo write _ pee 7m ae dt ada eo. nh? = nbin® - a adhd oO = = i Vosrner Vrecoation Bias ena % Precnrion (Petation of Angutar Momentum Vector) alow ag! tee “alin eotion of Magnetié 2 Rela (yz z. fr Due to patcowion Hwu ig chef in HO fevay | & tunc6e ting vboiaimed i le f B can be _emlgnat or tnteenal (dul to Orkd tal motvon t * o = ay Poe! Wnsieeamtar| bake r Br ‘Ox Spin oxbil coupling farsingl e~ 2 L ! Magnetic cipore kept i Magnetic Feed > “Torque wit oti (8) | i T= 1B sin FE (ats at aN) ie te With lead to Auotabion 9 hungutor memento uh f I Hig alanerr of By taut d an Crecertinn i Jece dws (de = Td = wre'{ sine.cte i i . me — a A £ = -usR emo = ~tb-@ a I ja “De ety { Sa Mbiiny en elas ee |e) SBlasG HT > d am? amt deemh » E= 3e8h. gemy's (mys iit zs $ J {ls Saye am i ie inky Att du te peenession Crvagy tao foxom Sput into 2] i | [E =e 8 gsmy sa tem - Gealoch erpoument e | Aime Gepeumental clomenohetion 4 electron spin | — 4 (4 e Ras Spin aug ements. =) jt har S? and Se } [$2 -S2]-20 "5 S? Y.8) = ss thn? Yea) 5 S2%0.9) | = Spae " @uaabieation a {Angulo Meme ntin: <5 Sain | 4 Dtecwete values 4 ay moment 9 ane-.C) BEY Scat ee jp Velvr Mod& of atwn. (ie LAS gia T whieh deteomine enesgy Wuk L Me 8 9 Te (ere de = = 6.957). r ee ee mye - [te sf pn) wales Yon da = eh mig “2 Me tam: Jaleo “Rau ajar am ike Thee aoe Discoete vratuen Oy wietguatie. Mervonit of —> er ‘Bohe's Meaneton” we) ae 9.24 x10-%4 am Tesla Sore +S « a (ute choose an atom foe wich P=9 90-trak ue camn olnoue ; = ths hepeustemee qT sur ©). ov. we wom Hawn demvnavreter | Spe in toeam o} neutrat ster atoms 12 Games tama. Se Tess ao Nem fvowo genous wiag netic. fieta ik_iuen Live two Miscy che A He it 2 foots * CS etn oot qoidrol trun alte teichalge dokent oct whew ‘wilt “mete is bal, ehewtan - hase not ofSCHEMATIC _DIhGRAM ¢ 4, owen Collirnator ar y Magnets Fier i Pha e (B=0,8y=0,B 40). PUtke. ie de E=47 [501) He walinie 0~" geting tn & eabtial -hinee U-o = thre ff ee Ue eye Ss eae ket mare % an ; Te (8] now the bewm . would hon ween aula ecteak to { He N i than net Force word Rous weorrzem) C te 2 Aon homagono ur field epptued | | un = = Dy mie ~ a i Feely V8 (ude t Mado eS) BoE 4 fous onl Ue cam be acorarely measured wen ¢ a p am Hee =e St == Megs Me ee = = Pee come goo ae te Wier jee anee ee ato pee Hf oe ™ m, oe i joveo fal in F-alivection _ hunce- no_vhonge Mn -velodi ly ty ib o i jae ch 4 to Hue I sparanale ’ ik Uz O82, 12 ~.. dbz, LP iy oz ve oz ame1 aautlesating s oikbywis (neutral ) f= a Fe Se [a Whe = OR? ae L Oe. amv ez 4KE, [ez ener] Now = Me =. LB gs te aes TM fade 2 Kvotan seomninO Rp eile Ma Js Ms: E : OZ KT t dhrewed watue Lt} He [ Ae, ue 2 tt oes eer. {diem tos qstns = +) wise ge=2 { Fae foe “thik “gee ems com take how i 2 Qs4 = 2 $=) a ee ‘a tut oloseeue 2 dliewacte bees no. of tracer -obserued’ > Aiscaote vate 0} magnehe moment eS to Yok wir Baus oneusnated c= S2-2t and 2 2 Rlecnete Katies, alan 4 -| Ang tingle = atom. wit giut 0? faces ‘| Futyfturck tren rate otainod wit be 1 (aj+'3]=09 1) = Gena arate 23 Altemnake Remivation woe PD = Araqutar vetocity wl: Rotation of J ax Lb about Ble ante : { - “ = a ee ee ee ATS Ri Ae 4t30 At stse at Cerne J ate asin cca Oe aC nti tp rain SIE Oe [Bre Grromegoehio ae Jaime Tene ws Guay, Rote 7 (2 91\ 8 + Augulor vetouhy || Yecvorsignal _frequemay piacere ae arm © am_J do! Sbtan wWoek Perie w= KES W.D = WD= OTe 3 £8 45k am 5, 2m B qxsmy = MeB 9smp twho wae Berd > Single e~ Vawter @= 3 cet ae Fine. Shuehire of H- atom Hoc line ( fest: dene y Rormor Sones) 3 +2 aa 3 f Ret oo RYafa- aan SR, Dux Vat aa a ( He dine (erent me A, “EAlren-Sertes]__4—> | eee Kft — py s R/ l= = RR L Ane 4 lett) et i He Apaoent “singe me» uk. F loner ax cbseemedd » Su awe icity bot Covnnoh: ee quptocinuct oy Gobrr | Moder 1 | Pre Shnekure iS wigs 2nplarnad oy ‘Dirac! after augers 1 f_Iaas,S Unperhath we tous spud ponding to tte =P? 4 vir) 97 t ennreArto aud 4 £ ) ie an, 4 ‘ H= Hot H! (pestubotion to Hawiiltenien - H!) f “Two corrections acted to tewuittonian “§ a @.._ Spin obit. Qutetaction Cnesgy. ( orator lo~‘ev), @. -Retatiwshe. comeotiri te Kinette Cnoagy C_warng! ema) Hehe Hie “+. Hretahwehe YD _ Relahiwshe Covechon a peve_4 2 is rite E- moc? ; where: EE pr? smote 2m 7 & Het = pte? mo? c% = mec? + Vir). = Mock ft ¢ prey Yo = moet + ver) | merce | meetin pre? Ppt te [-mee? + Ver) Po Bin 26 Mot Cc J Holes Pec Pd + Via). He = J pM ame & mo3¢> 8 om3ce =v H'retatiulehe emxechibn = = jane : : S mac Iu Bioambum_mechanicr wu nerd te caleutate is eepecknhen vale 8M3c% extn rbal Lo-suyt fom Cto-2)2 ( 108)? oe ep che ordor 9, pahualsehin TS wiry émati Ramee nok wo ily+ Gecussonuy for gingie ¢: ay pin Oolit Auteaetion | inge e~ abn = Spin cam neuer be Rew. ( 2e-#2) Me = ~ 2a 2 am | Spin ¢ Sprnnnarig abour its ban oxic’) | Bae ae to oebital motion here _uith pe. Tureonal fies fais Ginteimal fiekd =o whim in S eabitar Se Gor aun hue cokitel: (pdf) * taane “wit eral dom Hiheorel * braque—_ ptecosrion of. T FT ateute BD |S will paccon baie B Gigteenn ess arbi S ae ipo tae tue aed Fo tLahcntalle spill cerbalais®) e PL ese a Sas nish Bein: eh Bis as m am am 3 49 ae ayo Ss [ae = Ge 6) ams. | (ms Can take 25 41 wanuee) { o $= J =) Ms conte 2valuce 3 Geigy ust Spl into 2 sulolosts » e+ Mee E E — Me B ie 2 obtatnedt ley Biel Gaugntts Cai B= Me Zo Vur” i d at 12 i .. 4 eT i ym. ye \ 7 nn= ectnceer sal a ie Whine Paes ae L£re1 ad Ba oy. nips Cleon Pai, Se a Pa pee t Pap = ee Z = __p : ‘ AP ee ss wr | Section ott & do Winer ouiser ctu b hamsition blo ps. rel chase A+ oe $890 Ag S896 A, Pinel out the Beteric! Leto terpevniigte fon these tines setae i T TS onion Tazacrion Cbaraa? £ fie Coa 2st = (132. ue 8 (se < 2) Tag luo diem seioe seeAT S/ a7 BR = 12y0- x 166 107 !7 XE x10" Testa. 18S x10" ne 70) oe Ax F.27K 0-8 ¥ 9290 K SBAG “ato Na: Ie? 2¢? ape-(est)— iit dL com ben tee # sate, tlle R Pp & ry & GE SE, Fee) yt Ls 2 ei ia eae (heos=1, j= 4) Gentes { Com be a A 9 {sa he no (agg of b n leek omible bpraiure $= Ge Pet | te gt i pi J 2 = 2 Extiptaa = he Gt Lie e= be he z ATompsor Rrewmon Conection Fou is ae = nee L : tat To thompson preeorion sar Gaasine x Spin ontit coupling is ity tit, Cf CEE Evol pti: fie p+ and 1 3 cpa For gingue "atom © alonoted by oui dase Dethtad dn wilt? 0 atoms + cteneted by Ugoper "i : 2 a APE Be ee Gat x (custo Aw r3 “ Gal PIE Hf I le Bg" = te Fe (Va?) if eee ee ane) Z if =f Ze el ES Gar fern Fs il “Thornpeon Preeootion com's Welabiviché wevouthy kronafoomation i AL = iP oo ‘ Saale ge ee Ts iy ye Sim 2. 13 i Iu Festa esatio GLE) i 4 ona ‘f Ca kim | Mel, &m> =a| ¢ = i ns(24en ath) | { Pghee Tiles ems)8 = [C fifa = Lee - sven] £2 i Pgs! Pies fe Spin Ree s CO) ti etsin) 42 q E is ne (Asin e+ey Z ( IB can: lay = bi tetamabaiest as pn eae k Dube a eete Cz = oe ee 7 B= Me ze try =. = Mey 20x atte Ve = Htoen ExV um m war 4 = 5 Yas Coe ger real (Ares - Ur & 3. = ae ai Peabo PS BMS Ove fe eve oy ee oul vor COG ae pep ay kv oti to, av ctr. dy nee aaa or = fo Ketahiitic Tovnolomaton B= [yl , . uc v Zo mer Yor > Linenay _Qnterarbion EB = tie’ B Ey dls -e ere ste © Sn atomic moment dua toe - Rena t a Gnkipaualter™® = ve wilt boo Tere? -[-& ! Adve Waal | (am 2 mr" Ve y a | ela eT ye: ame? Piensa AE gar | Hye = { ¢ dvy (0.2) i a Exai j 1 ree ewan Ga AOL eer | a [aot Be2h>. Lat rater JSE Lapin = —the! are FGH) ~ 2(040) - = s(<49) . ‘8609 hong nue). J T Enewy ef ‘niktout iin Rolle mesial), hie fiom Pobre Grevgy feet. (Ae) Ae = Sif ty Wane ne. wath: Pioris Berais er ioiued” he 0 Subatinuting inte emperrnon f= eae fadot ABE ag fro 3 Se Bal tenet he ne Ue an J State with amen. f are degemonate. (may taut aft watirco’) te. AP ve &. 285 wi howe “farne rong wate; Sinnitasdy Paya © 7Bys —> Sanne energy __Teern_symbsop se he. tee 3) Peor = as ar | 0.162 om I 3p [PP "Fa | 0.004 y 06162 mt feo 2d [*D9, Pal 0.012, @.05u emt Sa if AE (28y,) Ss aq—[-—_1 oie eee i ge tee ucayJ i AE(2%,5 = Shey chiaes Ba eer aA if at 4 BiG iL =. id E( Py. ot Lele Se gees ai fap Hl ay [34d 3) J PEN | BEL Pas = 98g pS pep SF mt 4 Bele aa, ee wontoe (CO Dipy = OE (Pay = 0,080 emt x | ete (Dees =! 1 oiey WE Se em 2 ofpigemt| ss 7 7 ans uJ 2+ 12 Bona _staxet | 1. Yo-crsems a ES | eo] Pe) 0,036cn-1 A Pin => tox Rohe, the Emon Kuh od 4 corresponding fo 7-3 Pe rr Sue ti _Splh Osbitat . ne wens 3 enemy tuuad Coarciyon| a (pls = 6.162 en, (C2 — pocu\em=! (es 0.018 Vina) he 7 he . he. a DE/ pe 1 7 (sz bees ag] Sn) 0.uee cms 1 Bee op TAR Pane | ob 41 ent, cog utter 4 a ven-| a ! : | f Be (PS) ms Dek 5 6 amt | =p pe (7P_) = AE C78) : Bel Ap Orr) am oisuey eli 3 Jemt= 884 %X+4 - o04)) cE @ Lyte ues) | oy pin Oxtoit Cou.pting Setection Kute. = Ong the mest povlralote - f heomadrion (ie: wilh nagainusin pap oatei iy) wohl) occu, 4k Kuteo ¢ AL sede 2) " By = ob +4 5 tingle ea! AS =0 UF ate: 77 (beroupe sone 1 oro f). but Lamb omol ¢ Mt Rutton foro South Haat fu lower 2 uatuos (re Fra. if Guo not degenerate . Abe. cloyoneraty Poids rod Te dL olet futier O y : ie os fe pte sit a = ca doimb Shift 2 Si tay higive energy ten fa and a |e tified ty os p 8st “on oes Mite ee . 1 Fo lines it, Del al eee: val 2Osio foes Data, Pata. ie eee) Let (0.032emYournb| 2 Gauge Fa i nee te Pay - aon Sa 2Py, Gr acing toHa = 7 Lines ie. => | lan Supt: o.03ss¢m-l = 0.038% 3x10!? /¢oo =15Q MH ie. *( damp Shitt = 1058 Mitz or 0.0352 wp-!) it i: (Hp ens Le 0,1-2,32 = Z, f (ren) dk Si. 0.074 em-! E ft fel of Re Me: O-OTuun » 0.028 em-b E 2% | "Da, , Den 07028¢m4 , 0 .018¢m4 7 on (eae __0-013em™, 0.006 om i. ALCS) = S80 f 1 2 8 | 2 Semmes 2.07 e WC @e CT od OB) Tex 6« i i =| BE (7Py) = AB (2S, = 62TH em! i we Ke BB'CRa) = au ig diseu oS onsen Re wet 443, way] Tos te—p SEC 2D) = ABC 2Pyo) = 9-028 em-l ne ne 5 4) ane 2 : & pie SE AD) ie 1 SY [Le eal eon e vip oe WSU Sek May Wy Rtens | ty “DE. (Fy) = AE ("Dep = 0.013 deme! a| he ne : at She RO (Ppa) = See SRY (Be ae pe 7 “ We ¥, 3 TT ee Gud ee 1 aay Ro TS. Toure eet | Bei Pre Pan | 0, usem-t 010.4) end j k fem)» he an“| Mute clecicon akoms . 7 Grae. Rteike = puctermost edush containing uauwiver” & Es RORY cot tex Stuperlutal am UTNE. Utter =] Remitonan. Coe ie. (aua to conned attrao @ KB, eoye7) Cn oma 9 vain stdgaty AiNfter’ an wis sctuatong > fonte: pr and Ps Phaly beseity x Adseasut). : VES Sorat popes SSS y | Correo §)) eae Blw tne 2e~ deme. will be eludmetehe. ropuneor Comanquomee 6%bite! motion 4. the 2%. HARTEE's APPROXIMATION Energy ton © teow) wat He He # May 4 Hee tthe ars iw deponda an onemgy care E = KE. + Combat Atisaution Snemay Oo Nuckeun + €= e- repuralon emery + Spin-epin_tatexaction + Spin-vebit interophion, Neo yetneye v Uap = Separation bi the eve fj ws Cropuosion Lotte be mov. shin 27% au sranaadng in opp - Dtreotion ton wi dustece. [lib <0 = teh, |] + ovbitat fukerection Ce" wpuletve g Ps e® energy — = Dipote - Dipote _imtoxaction enongy | pin Spt, Queeractioneneray Wily is trworatly propontional fo 48 Ese @ 1 7 S+% = Ess = 3% $si-sol ¢ Sa 61453) ra J + tuhin oth spinning 9 taut athcss = whan Spinteg to ebp. coon. (dit lw Uv ost bd * Beh Lem -{pus 6+ "=> hughes nora y (Sas D = Rae fas dist. 2orad ve [at ted Spin oxtsit mterackion XG). ve Cor eingte €-5 Deponsting upon Sept ink eeret Diguten foauier) Haw eum in New Grerrgy ut yous distor 1/ atoms before Carbon Spin-brbit couplinp rer | Hato d ‘Smau ‘Sma inteomal Spi | Atonan inteaathen shenay Late ternal fetd « Seisseln Heaton < Spm -ovioit intone’ pith ta compared fo tpin- ibaa Sea x - bowor Eo Sueasey % TTraurmbon tatoo Ptave a Ls voles Rererbion ruter [fee et fae) Ame= Oy. toh t Vor mut 2 8yStem tS NSE. 520. q Wisct eels[ 2p sp-. mon - equinatunt es ge 3 equivavoni- eluchrona ( with same Nand t. Electrons (ee Se 0 4 quantum no: for es Of.mi ms 68 fe-mr a quantwm no Saft [ses] ocd sit cop LOL S=0 = te ee need te Epin’ in opp: hivéetiina Me A the Des i obi Menem: v Ww CD) S=1 SD "tue ec ntecks tv be _nevoradiy in daw diver” | M. g, Hix e% Some ty gamete tu Pautitre empluaion painnipte tty values 4, mo. fox Ine 22" need to be hfe. not attouted + Decause Because Pian owed: TT 3 & 2 $a : Ms ame ay dat 20, i Er eb L=t mx -1, 0,1 ale: fel Mecca Dt FE fataarf oN [UN fasal\ fi 0drafet j GT Ts) Ve) eT te) - : )_ BReit's ‘ 3 7 steeme eA * wiateuer is wseitiien in Io Crist agora wit rot go with Resa S=1 (ao Me watueo for Hu, ean same) |cena. Waite own tu teem Acpaneoln Lorvempouding to df? eve. | f leo 1 ’ seo ca ims lig) ee = At. ae ee $ Te ; 1,2 alowed . a bol has fp be same) aol Urd> es mg hs C= a th Bac apucas ibe fm Ye _mahix U camnot be 0,2,4 | : 1 : a Pumce allowed vate 8). Ve ake Te ehcteruatp ie 2 pe i a uuak evbemel ‘|wagnehe frotd . Zeeman offeck SQ rewrequense A t= S coupling 1G i L ig < 1 Te Su Pea Shiv Y ks Aruplinng tit break hewn -honce NO _Z pouting 4 Ami = S_tomponenh —> _Correnponoling to Amy = +1 f Quomtunn Mechonital Explanation of Fovinan Coot Bee SGiretion fuse in Tramouting Zoumon €ffece Am} = 0, | > = w 7 —y| Siection Ruse én hongituctinel Keeway. Spjeot Am; = tie | ap shevng flack Yum T._witt Srdiuiduo uy ole procemion’ .S). Wild Bley bo, emiiy _Puccen Sneng Split ine My 12 97s. Sutotousts — _“Pavthen Beck fect? en Vffock of Biron “bible <2 Pia & WAU riot comple gece 7)... (ae eee Mi se ca am aS Eat eee ee ae eer is B aid ie fc vot Ue DOE ARS MEG = eC De ae) Pulp T am poe a > b WEAK FIELD teeomau 2 (fcuk Us woo our to T (C42) Bur ie dur by (P4287) fe Lompling Rav _lrhun Loven), STRoNU FIELD 2 Recta Bare det Met 2m: dputting —>"othen Beck eff cok iS afr Sputing ~9 Keoman effect bs Sl Ne a? =e (74 EY Oh Bevery Fad me (LEFT) am a Uy = (wt. FF T= Wie : pA GRD ce Fe 2.7 TL Iai am (zz Tig = ei ieee y eh ers : am we ] 172Sitontaing Hts otut in 4 i Peas rie pe ees ELE iF v ise ay c oly Bontrum, Meck - 12,82, ait aler quombilged. i : : i ef | Qo 4G) +s) = LU) Cousle!s ft - 7 aie) | 4 ephiting petor oe F usr Croutore te varus of 43 fa 28 y Pye AA. Fe Say oe Se by RL eve (gegen fae te A) eee PT, a4 (2) W By Sa ee cee are baal fi qo i+ 5G) + eG)- 1S i al fp Sy B 7 Vee OEP 3 = 2 a I ta "3a. 8 a Ee ee a i qos 9(8) +H) OL i 2x3 & oF | pw s= 0 9qs=q. =! tWoaw. tre Leonnain pattem of i) ?Pap > 28y, (Do ine! “WP 538), (Du Dine a EPs rf ai D 8p a's, i) “Fs 4, rochiun’) : 2 9g octal Sy LP 1S | ae Sei i, $=0, t= S=0)t=0. (60 hence rautts e~ eystecu! Ue. Wilt get ve Keennan effect hence Tyee Nowmal 7-6: Ze MEST Gabe Be IF (t=1/420) | ee : Ser ay Tibet 2, s Gy sec atosze) | sp ft tute Houmal Zeeman Sfheor ae 2 Es ui @ =e Qotection Rute my = 0 +1 =e, | 21004, . AY A Lee ania = Es + MeB- Ey DD Ly. Ve= w+ MB) Me h Pramaurone Leeman peat () f%EET CETL i a lo tt \ Ed ebngivadinad Fensan Gest + ovyech 9 i sypanoed Z 4 ; Ams 41 ' oman 2 Live a ep LP, > Sig [Fates himarn Yate m= 2 (re8 ) Wrest (tel tis =e (Ble a= Bh (Ginie6) ee iss ete) Tht Or = 2, {2jrt Hg ot how -€ = ued guy erection Rut mn A the Value G4 wouid Rawr tren fame Harm oon tantemosn bing to Le om. gfe antl at Sh men. hM= Fa=seB8 = (Ej + uae) Ws Bee =~ tle he BOW WiYo = Po + wee - ( fi tua) 3 a > w= AB BU 7 - 3 elshs = Eo- UeB - (&-Ue8) t & 4 ca Vs_= Oo -F 4+. 2 eB [ i ak hy = Fs + 4g@ — “f & - ge) a — Vy Be FS a8 i alge we i ». Vo KYB ” uy ' cr) vy (= Sus Zugs ~ Sie] yaw, e 5 “ty aya 28m (Shieh) T_ anh (qr= 2) - t N Amys 6, +4 hwy = & +ouep - (Gres) = # 7 = & -E& + eB hn h hve = Eo + 2 ee — (Ftwed) 2 | Be oti 2 aie eit ane,hm = B+ 2 0p - (B=¥08 ) 3 % = Brg Dace ef MMos BR, (Am 2+!) h Va te eB (amjp-o}) 3h Vay Me £8 ee (m= +0) ah Bybee | Molecufas Thystes =| Mast of tou “popuistion in moleoutr spectra is in ground slate T= 300k |, E= -026ev — Rotabionat Tei200k , = sd ev > Wibsate - > Osciuate a — Tp _- Oistornuonar anie t i k i i Bord mgin | tute nuctar epauation Yr eee. Nat a Sigctan about ‘Tnteenuckeor. oie Ce zenTe = mat + m(r-m)* 2 Tem ee Tena = mma re ay T= mar \ (MOE Mme cow + me) mtn Mer Vw Tie tr anal “sie a Mera & Qanmaredrie. Top. ; { SR é fu Symmediic typ Te = Ta ails Ni] Rigid motecrer “sth “molecule is -aptatedt ony farvugd GoM avi. Ge Gar. C hh. ¢ 1s) ¥ ay aI, 215 : i 5 3: Tn aigtat For Lymmelnic_top Fe. 55t aes Ja? oT Dig a%p iabovic moleewe as wid whale ¢ E= 1 (m2? + mom? cor) = Ww? (in?+ men?) = z Coe rt ee Teme fT By z eB 2 Tem —{5 Moment 9 Anewtin iB He chousstevatie 4 2 molecule. 37 tym = fOp+d A7 Ifim> Ey = fers? adem ipsa ee ERICH) 5B 3 Rotetbnal Constant =? i Se Oxf, 2 Tem b= © 28,Ca, 2B Drerete votuer J Crore *_Uwoneuwr moleote phates _, th ene ay Tae Ls ct scrache.= | Moleouter auth aut olan Amu dome pevmoront eluerstead dibete mernent i Nen- polar -motecuten . (lina Remo nuttiar diatomic matter Hard.» how no sotational spectra. a they oO not thane. pesnarent pote _mnomemt. > a id = cldn vlan No .eonite-.. emeng gees by yy = epg) Fy $2 wor} = Vipin. f iden [rOmay: S aE he ETL. I Pea Rotational Speetra Setection Rutea:¢ * ape be =14_ttn eenitsion _<{ fara chewed 00 hypieabby 0 epetinen x ‘dbsabean [at xeon bemp.& "ely piabuk ony 4h Awe ean absoap e us a “| Brisson tines, herce ate nok slgoued in, Rotational. Speutra. Us Aboosphoo nen $0 obaewtad hypitarty pein myturpuinaae E( eegion : $ 5 & = F(fed - FG) = ea 68 y= 8 (Grvue - 1G) ap “ 35 ; [ie 526 741) fs 4 ulane f= Out (= 28, 4B, 6Bi - Dy Mivepusaus. fegien to — 1o8em-! | = i psa Gaga 0 38 Sa Sarre i Tt memont 5 irovtia Ca) f 7+ Renal engi | Ab 200k , moet intenoe _/most favoured trommmbon i&. cerresponuing to f= 4 ors‘REESE ome as Ishi foe ¥ e . = Moment BF Guesta and Bonk eis can be cketeemmned Appue, Rotational Spectr + Ssotope = Se Atomic Nuimloes, Diff, Alone “Mamer cay cam 2 pes rotatipnal # on a corpo h , otoper Com be Lketeerntmed by Ht Ghote Sp | coal - A where TL. =pyer = tune? 5 wh TT, BL (amg ater Mer Line may be broadened or condirited hut to ten pecoerce 4 pes Cuswten. Lasts to ns int). For Symmetric Top Molecete Funy.= @fCjfro.-= D 5 paren? id Cilia ion! wo D Cenwi{iget cléelstloution coeppicent aud Dees When moleute is Symmeime lanot nop ngict TWhehse ‘i f es ) Fen tr tam wide about 2 amis (1 pourring. tamough.com x etiam t to it’) Fy =o Ae ‘ | ' > om! [oan 0) = 2B.= 4D Bel? OP Me ea Fl) = 6B -.26D 3 Oh aes aoe ES Flay = wR - 1440 Ga tae (Dist. bw we Umer fs" ani for F(W = 20% - "000 eB - 256d Selection - uti: | AT Hh (An 2tat moteuter ASE-1 Not altowed an emiision claro nok occur fr rotationel &peciee) > a Gop vs mon — wi fora wt LM infes the neture 9 molecute an ae top 2 wore application * ~ eotopie funce with Hue feep | spectra, Rouse mplecuterr “fe 3 Com bt Sbbouwned-kueton at -equtli lori prea a> Ue core Bhowwn duulation fre : eu.alon la. i i (By Tauytor Gener’. ax pemmion’. Vos) = VFO) + T- MIV I) + Cre ee "CD 2| + Y wa choose me fo be equilicwn peénr Maen VN) 0 Panel VI CB) = ve eonat. af eos Rqui iow Free VIER) ES ve Ye ye: | Vin = vor) = of kx ae ft teem duit to So whore Ho Wor Fee Hoy = Eoy (fe + bere) Y= (Mt Ly hw ¥, ra to Pepe frewe WAL sess n by Vv [wh save fae Ho y= Wt Lhe a Camber, Co = (NFL) hWe = (VEL) he De Vz 0,1,2,3... + Vibrotonal Quantum number. = (vt py be i L Use ve ae whe es nad > wou number of, any und EW) = (v¥+l) we “he im iu. cane Simple Haomoue O8citaton wt aa on' i tine | with wae number “= Wo, With. O74 tra ”n bary tax most intense forctormenta une Nuk tn bur Speurva fr ven = Kae pad Mae gee somecal Lev uusua eho there 8 dauistion fron Hu Waumonte behousic i us & combination houwionie enol an harmoure © 2sciltati evi aben ke when Vor = Lika? fxe9 $ Vabeatvon Bere] Ely = (vt Ly bye (ut Ly? hve Xe whore Xe i Anhewmoniclty enerank Cure me) tw) (V+ Lhe vie + Lt EY? We Cady... . where We a {2 Gw) = EW) = (v4 Lye = (VEE Meme Ve ves sera oe Ne (Wleratimal Quentin 40> x wow s a. Av=tl a = +2 Ave +3 ae Coy = Ly =. Loe ne Trews | ~ ae a 4, poy = DWI Keh, Bio = GOMe| Bude Ke. Gu) = 2a - 1 th Xe casey |] C3409 Co a 4 = BS 2 by — 4p Xe Ay es Go) = £ Up - 28 ue Xe de € [)2ine - Loin Xe 3 a : 2 3 n, — GUNN G9) = teed ug date CSN \ 2 4 ° Gulden Rude im faqia Rotetion t ave ti,ta, yelecrion Rue tv _™ > fundamental OL We U-?ke) 5 ficot overtone Cox second haem onde) og. aie (I- 3k) > Recemal vuserone (Hu'ral Garmow'e ) Cieaars, uae (1-uKey(ituiney : : > Ak h Hum eue on eas ted ¢ ‘00 ~ (200 em). ‘aes S x , ayetn el a dipole kept fm wust'Poom Efecinie pet, ter wet force is zen. tne fiero is non wut farm fee is en" 2ery a On. Vorrpe Wan Ce Ts fovee ine molecule | Vdltatee fa o wales pious Ble See af 7 ais all peemnament electric Ripote: _ Pamrence Wer for Hel molecte. Final equim frequency doiepet i Moct fiutewre Une 3328 cy a 2 Se 6 yeu dum tuteme Une 1 Tlisot Une + 6600 ewe! (wir Pout 40 unckeestarect tere Is 4 We lI-2%e) = 32328 ta torr eeponcting aver e yom Puce is ten tain oD Awe tl-3%e)= SSou ee Ucaes ig ten Hon 2000 1 1 {