10

AFA – AGRICULTURAL CROPS

PRODUCTION NC I (Agronomy)
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Waste Management
Quarter 2 - Week 1

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TLE-AFA–AGRICULTURAL CROPS PRODUCTION NC I (Agronomy) Grade 10
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Waste Management
Quarter 2 - Week 1

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
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Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
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over them.

Development Team of the Activity Sheet

Writer: Realyn N. Elgincolin
Editor: Josephine N. Sales
Reviewer: Grace M. Echeche
Graphic Designer: Nycole Anne M. Moraña
Management Team: Leonardo D. Zapanta EdD, CESO V
Michelle Ablian-Mejica EdD
Manolito B. Basilio EdD
Jay D. Morados
Garry M. Achacoso
Rachelle C. Diviva

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education

Region III
Schools Division of Zambales
Zone 6, Iba, Zambales
Tel./Fax No. (047) 602 1391
E-mail Address: zambales@deped.gov.ph
Website: www.depedzambales.ph
 Maintaining Waste Materials
Management

Introduction

Nowadays, we are suffering environmental crisis such as global warming,

flash floods etc. One of the causes of these problems is the misbehavior of the people
towards waste management. Some people are reckless in throwing their garbage.
They do not think of the possible results of their actions on the environment as well
as on health.
In this guided learning activity kit, it will help you to improve your way of
thinking and understanding towards waste management.

Learning Competency

3.3 Maintain a clean and safe work site while undertaking field activities in
accordance with OHS procedures (TLE_AFAC9-12CW-IIa-e-3)

Objectives

At the end of this Guided Learning Activity Kit, you are expected to:
1. differentiate sources of waste;
2. be familiar with the different of waste management practices; and
3. appreciate the benefits of waste management.

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 Review

Instruction: How will you learn in classifying waste found in your farm. Write
your answer in your notebook.

Here are sample found in our farm.

Metal Animal manure Grass Dried leaves

Plastic bottle Newspaper Glass Rice straw

Discussion

What is waste?

Waste is defined as unwanted and unusable materials and is regarded as a

substance which is of no use. Waste that we see in our surroundings is also known
as garbage. Garbage is mainly considered as a solid waste that includes wastes from
our houses (domestic waste), wastes from schools, offices, etc. (municipal wastes)
and wastes from industries and factories (industrial wastes).

Sources of Waste
Sources of waste can be broadly classified into four types: Industrial,
Commercial, Domestic, and Agricultural.

Figure 1

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Industrial Waste
These are the wastes created in factories and industries. Most industries
dump their wastes in rivers and seas which cause a lot of pollution.
Example: plastic, glass, etc.

Commercial Waste
Commercial wastes are produced in schools, colleges, shops, and offices.
Example: plastic, paper, etc.

Domestic Waste
The different household wastes which are collected during household
activities like cooking, cleaning, etc. are known as domestic wastes.
Example: leaves, vegetable peels, excreta, etc.

Agricultural Waste
Various wastes produced in the agricultural field are known as agricultural
wastes.
Example: cattle waste, weed, husk, rice straw, etc.

Types of Waste
Commonly waste is classified into two types: Biodegradable and Non-
biodegradable waste. These two kinds of wastes are explained below:

Figure 2

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Biodegradable waste
These are the wastes that come from our kitchen and it includes food remains,
garden waste, etc. Biodegradable waste is also known as moist waste. This can be
composted to obtain manure. Biodegradable wastes decompose themselves over a
period depending on the material.

Non-biodegradable waste
These are the wastes which include old newspapers, broken glass pieces,
plastics, etc. Non-biodegradable waste is known as dry waste. Dry wastes can be
recycled and can be reused. Non-biodegradable wastes do not decompose by
themselves and hence are major pollutants.

What is waste management?

Waste management is defined as the collection, transportation, and disposal
of garbage, sewage, and other waste. The process of waste management involves
treating the solid and liquid waste. During the treatment, it also offers a variety of
solutions for recycling items that are not categorized as trash.
The entire idea thus boils down to re-using garbage as a valuable resource
and given our current environment climate, this process is extremely vital for all
households and businesses.
Waste management or waste disposal is all the activities and actions required
to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal. This includes amongst other
things, collection, transport, treatment, and disposal of waste together with
monitoring and regulation. It also encompasses the legal and regulatory framework
that relates to waste management encompassing guidance on recycling.

8 Major Groups of Waste Management Methods

1. Reduce and Reuse
2. Animal feeding
3. Recycling
4. Composting
5. Fermentation
6. Landfill
7. Incineration
8. Land application

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The Benefits of Waste Management
1. Better Environment
Probably the biggest advantage of managing waste is that it eventually leads
to a better and fresher environment.
Waste disposal units also contribute to the well-being of people by helping
them become disease- free. The best part: all of this happens while the unnecessary
is duly disposed of in a proper and sanitary manner.
Multiple waste disposal units should be placed in tier-1 and tier-2 cities in a
bid to prep up the process of waste disposal. This will also help implement
remarkable safety measures in the long run.

2. Reduces Pollution
When waste is managed the right way, it doesn’t merely eliminate the
subsequent waste but also reduces the impact and the intensity of harmful
greenhouse gases like carbon-di-oxide, carbon mono-oxide, and methane that are
often exuded from accumulated wastes in landfills.
Managing waste reduces our reliance on landfills while also significantly
cutting down the many factors that adversely impact our environment.

3. Conserves Energy
Recycling is one of the biggest aspects of waste management, and over time,
it helps conserve energy. One of the biggest instances of this advantage can be traced
to the practice of recycling paper
All of us are probably aware that thousands of trees are cut to produce paper.
When a used paper is recycled to create new paper, the need of cutting trees is
significantly minimized. This helps conserve energy while also reducing your carbon
footprints.

4. Creates Employment
The recycling industry alone creates hundreds of jobs. As more people adopt
this eco-friendly practice, organizations creating and selling recycled products come
to the forefront. This helps boost their business while also creating hundreds of jobs.

5. Helps Make a Difference

By managing waste, you are also making a difference to the society and the
world in general. While none of us can completely get rid of garbage, we can always
adopt eco-friendly practices of reducing and reusing waste. This way, you create an
example for the people around you, who in turn are now motivated to embrace a
sustainable approach.

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Various Methods of Waste Disposal
Although there are many methods of disposing of waste, in this section let’s
take a look at some of the most commonly used methods that you should know about
waste management.
Landfills

Figure 3
Throwing daily waste/garbage in the landfills is the most popularly used
method of waste disposal used today. This process of waste disposal focuses
attention on burying the waste in the land. Landfills are commonly found in
developing countries. This process used to eliminate the odors and dangers of waste
before it is placed into the ground.
While it is true, this is the most popular form of waste disposal, it is certainly
far from the only procedure and one that may also bring with it an assortment of
space.
This method is becoming less these days although, thanks to the lack of space
available and the strong presence of methane and other landfill gases, both of which
can cause numerous contamination problems.
Landfills give rise to air and water pollution which severely affects the
environment and can prove fatal to the lives of humans and animals. Many areas
are reconsidering the use of landfills.

Incineration/ Combustion

Figure 4

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 Incineration or combustion is a type disposal method in which municipal solid
wastes are burned at high temperatures. The process eventually converts them into
residues and gaseous products
The biggest advantage of this type of method is that it can be reduce the
volume of solid waste to 20 to 30 percent of the original volume. Additionally, it also
decreases the space they take up while also reducing the stress on landfills.
Incinerators are primarily used in thermal treatment where solid waste
materials are converted to heat, gas, stream, and ash.

Recovery and Recycling

Figure 5
Resource recovery is the process of taking useful discarded items for a specific
next use. These discarded items are then processed to extract or recover materials
and resources or convert them to energy in the form of useable heat, electricity, or
fuel.
Recycling is the process of converting waste products into new products to
prevent energy usage and consumption of fresh raw materials. Recycling is the third
component of REDUCE, REUSE and RECYCLE waste hierarchy.
The idea behind recycling is to reduce energy usage, reduce the volume of
landfills, reduce air and water pollution, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and
preserve natural resources for future use.

Plasma Gasification
Plasma gasification is another form of waste
management. It is primarily an electrically charged or
highly ionized gas. Lighting is one type of plasma that
produces temperatures that exceed 12,600 °F.
With this method of waste disposal, a vessel uses
characteristic plasma torches operating at +10,000 °F
which is creating a gasification zone till 3,000 °F for the
conversion of solid or liquid wastes into a syngas.

Figure 6
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 During the treatment of solid waste by plasma gasification, the waste’s
molecular bonds are broken down because of the intense heat in the vessels and the
elemental components. Thanks to this process, the destruction of waste and
dangerous materials is found. This form of waste disposal provides renewable energy
and assortment of other fantastic benefits.

Composting
Composting is an easy and natural bio-
degradation process that takes organic wastes i.e.
remains of plants and garden and kitchen waste
and turns into nutrient-rich food for your plants.
Composting, normally used for organic
farming, occurs by allowing organic materials to
sit in one place for months until microbes
decompose it.
Note that composting is often deemed to be
one of the best methods of waste disposal as it can
turn unsafe organic products into safe compost.
The process, however, has its downsides. Some
people have found it to be slow, while others have
observed that it takes a lot of space.
But regardless of these issues, many people
are still embracing home composting approaches
to manage and reduce waste. Figure 6

Waste to Energy (Recover Energy)

Waste-to-Energy also widely recognized by its acronym We is the generation
of energy in the form of heat, electricity, or fuel through a variety of processes. This
type of so energy is a renewable energy sources as non-recyclable waste can be used
repeatedly to create it. We can also help reduce carbon emissions by offsetting the
need for energy from fossil sources. Over time, this reduces global warming and
makes our environment better.

Special Waste Disposal

There are certain waste types that are considered hazardous and cannot be
disposed of without special handling which will prevent contamination from
occurring.
Biomedical waste is one example of such a waste disposal method. It is
primarily practiced in health care facilities and similar institutions. The special waste
disposal system effectively disposes of hazardous biomedical waste.

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Avoidance/ Waste Minimization
The easier method of waste management is to reduce the creation of waste
materials thereby reducing the amount of waste going to landfills. Waste reduction
can be done through recycling old materials like jar, bags, repairing broken items
instead of buying a new one avoiding the use of disposable products like plastic bags,
reusing second-hand item, and buying items that use less designing.

Farm Waste Management System and the Government Requirement

Legal Bases
Presidential Decree (PD) 1152, “the Philippine Environmental Code,” which
took effect in 1977, provides a basis for an integrated waste management regulation
starting from waste source to methods of disposal. PD 1152 has further mandated
specific guidelines to manage municipal wastes (solid and liquid), sanitary landfill
and incineration, and disposal sites in the Philippines. In 1990, the Philippine
Congress enacted the Toxic Substances, Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act,
commonly known as Republic Act (RA) 6969, a law designed to respond to increasing
problems associated with toxic chemicals and hazardous and nuclear wastes. RA
6969 mandates control and management of import, manufacture, process,
distribution, use, transport, treatment, and disposal of toxic substances and
hazardous and nuclear wastes in the country. The Act seeks to protect public health
and the environment from unreasonable risks posed by these substances in the
Philippines. Apart from the basic policy rules and regulations of RA 6969, hazardous
waste management must also comply with the requirements of other specific
environmental laws, such as PD 984 (Pollution Control Law), PD 1586
(Environmental Impact Assessment System Law), RA 8749 (Clean Air Act) and RA
9003 (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act) and their implementing rules and
regulations.

The Farm Waste Management Plan

The Farm Waste Management Plan must consider the collection, storage and
disposal of all farm wastes. Implementation of the plan will reduce the risk of
pollution and prevent the loss of valuable nutrients in slurry and farmyard manure.
The plan consists of two parts:

Part 1 – a completed Farm Waste Checklist for the farm. The purpose of the checklist
is to identify remedial works and changes in management practice that are required
to ensure a high standard of farm waste management.

Part 2 – a completed Farm Waste Location Plan. This plan is a copy of your farm
map showing areas of the farm that are suitable and unsuitable for spreading
agricultural wastes.

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 Farm Waste Checklist with identified remedial works/changes in
management practice This is a record of the condition of farm waste facilities and
management practices as observed at the date of completion. Completion of the
checklist will enable you to audit your farmyard and farm to ensure that farm waste
management standards, including disposal of manures, silage effluent, waste
plastics, fallen animals and veterinary wastes are managed to a standard beyond
current legislation and Good Farming Practice. The checklist must be continually
kept under review and updated annually. Keep the whole farm free of rubbish, litter
and anything that would detract from the appearance of the countryside.

Farm Waste Location Plan A farm waste location plan is a copy of your farm map
color coded as follows:
BLUE - waterways including any on the farm boundary.
RED - areas where organic wastes should never be applied.
ORANGE - areas from which there is a high risk of pollution occurring (may be
part or whole fields). Farm wastes may be applied to these areas
at certain times of the year, but before spreading always
ensure that there is no risk of pollution occurring.
GREEN - all remaining areas. These can be used for spreading at any time of
the year when land and weather conditions are suitable.
WHITE - areas not normally used for spreading organic wastes and mark them
with an X.

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 Activities

Guided Practice 1
Directions: What are the eight major groups of waste management methods? In your
own understanding explain each of them and write your answer in your notebook.
(Answer briefly. 10 points)

Guided Practice 2
Directions: Can you classify the different sources of waste? Which of these sources
of waste are applicable or usable in your community or in your home? Do they follow
or adapt the waste hierarchy or the 3R’s? (Answer briefly. 10 points)

Independent Practice
Do this activity!
Directions: Student will make a poster making related to waste management. Draw
it in a short bond paper. Your output will be graded by rubrics provided for you.

While performing the activity, it is important for you to assess your

performance following the criteria below:
Rating
Criteria
20 15 10 5
Relevant to the topic

Originality

Cleanliness

Timeliness

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 Assessment

Identification
Directions: Identify what is being described below. Write your answer on the space
provided before the number.
_____________1. This waste is produced in schools, colleges, shops, and offices.
_____________2. This waste produced in the agricultural field.
_____________3. This waste is collected during household activities like cooking,
cleaning, etc.
_____________4. Wastes created in factories and industries.
_____________5. What type of waste that come from our kitchen and it includes food
remains, garden waste and it can be composted to obtain manure?
_____________6. What type of waste is known as dry waste, these wastes do not
decompose by themselves and hence are major pollutants?
_____________7. It is defining as unwanted and unusable materials and regarded as
a substance which is of no use.
_____________8. It is defined as the collection, transportation and disposal of garbage,
sewage, and other waste.
_____________9. What Presidential Decree was providing a basis for an integrated
waste management regulation starting from waste source to
methods of disposal.
_____________10. It is a Republic Act which a law designed to respond to increasing
problems associated with toxic chemicals and hazardous and
nuclear wastes.

Reflection

Based on our lesson, we learned that waste management help to maintain

healthy environment for farm animals and can reduce the need for commercial
fertilizers while providing other nutrients needed for crop production. On your
notebook, write your new learning and realization to do the waste management safety
and successfully.

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 References

Conserve-energy-future.com/waste-management-and-waste-disposal-method.ph
Byjus.com/chemistry/waste/

Good Nursery Practices; A Simple Guide, Nairobi Kenya, 2001, First Ed.
Health and Safety for Greenhouses and Nurseries. Horticultural Educ.,1986,
Manual on Nursery Practices, Forestry Project Dept., Keats C. Hall, 1984 2 nd Edition
Prince Edward Island Farm Safety Code of Practice; 2001, First Ed.
Trees in Newcastle; Nursery Operations and Practices, Hustle Central Rivers, 1988,
Ist Ed.

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Assessment:
1. Commercial Waste
2. Agricultural Waste
3. Domestic Waste
4. Industrial Waste
5. Biodegradable Waste
6. Non-biodegradable Waste
7. Waste
8. Waste Management
9. PD 1152
10. RA 6969
Guided Practice 1
1. Reduce and Reuse
2. Animal feeding
3. Recycling
4. Composting
5. Fermentation
6. Landfill
7. Incineration
8. Land application
Guided Practice 2
- Answers may vary
Independent Practice
- Answers may vary
Key to Corrections
 Acknowledgment

The Schools Division of Zambales would like to express its heartfelt gratitude to the
following, who in one way or the other, have contributed to the successful preparation,
development, quality assurance, printing, and distribution of the Quarter 2 Guided Learning
Activity Kits (GLAKs) in all learning areas across grade levels as a response to providing the
learners with developmentally-appropriate, contextualized and simplified learning resources
with most essential learning competencies (MELCs)-based activities anchored on the
principles of guided learning and explicit instruction:

First, the Learning Resources (LR) Development Team composed of the writers and
graphic artists for devoting much of their time and exhausting their best efforts to produce
these indispensable learning kits used for the implementation of learning delivery modalities.
Second, the content editors, language reviewers, and layout evaluators making up the
Division Quality Assurance Team (DQAT) for having carefully evaluated all GLAKs to ensure
quality and compliance to DepEd standards;

Third, the Provincial Government of Zambales, for unceasingly extending its financial
assistance to augment the funds for the printing of these learning resources for use by
learners and parents at home;

Fourth, the teacher-advisers and subject teachers, in close coordination with the
school heads, for their weekly distribution and retrieval of the GLAKs and for their frequent
monitoring of the learners’ progress through various means; and

Finally, the parents and other home learning facilitators for giving the learners the
needed guidance and support for them to possibly accomplish the tasks and for gradually
helping them become independent learners.

To deliver learning continuity in this challenging circumstance would not be possible

without your collective effort and strong commitment to serving our Zambaleño learners.
Again, our sincerest thanks!

The Management Team