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    12 views27 pages

    Doors and Windows

    Uploaded by

    SANJEEV KRISHNAN R

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 27
    17 and Windows yr GENERAL, Adoor may be defined as a framework of wood, steel, aluminiam, gxsora combination of these materials secured in an opening leit in 2 fall for the purposes of providing access to the users of the sinsctures: iibasically consists of two parts ie. (i) A frame and (ii) shuuer (leaf, The frame is normally made up of timber. This is on account of te fact that timber is casily available everywhere and it can be worked ino different shapes without difficulty. However where economy is th inin consideration, frames made up of steel or precast R.C.C. members are generally used. Steel or R.C.C. Frames are also recommended im coxstriction on sites infested with termites. Shutters are general wpof timber framework with panel insets of glass, timber, phys ead of a combination of such materials. In case of stee} dooss, the” shutters are--made of “frame work of rolled steel sections with ponel inserts of glass or stecl plates. Next to steel, aluminium is the metal largely wed in. the manufacture of doors. Aluminium doors are considered to te the best. as they are rust proof and present an elegant appearance. Hoviever since aluminium is costly as compared to timber ar stzel, use of “tliniaium doors is normally restricted to public buildings. For small opening a‘ door is provided with one leaf or shutter and sucha door is known a single leaf door, In case of wider opening the door Should haye-two leaves and such a door is termed as doudle leaf door. ti loor is provided with shutter on either side of the frame. Shier on one side of the frame may have wire gauge mesh (in case of Kitchen door) and on the other side the shutter may be fully panelied, Ha door is known as double shuttered door. ™- LOCATION OF DOORS The following guidelines should be Kept in view while deciding oe | of doors In «building, too, OF e ‘om consideration of adequate air circulation within the "the doors should be provided in opposite walls facing each other, i os’ buy we ec 7 " ev considention of PPT space uty MY (Eas Yor a pssble be located neq M4 yg eater ng asinine oot shou ‘my £ (a eon oft so mc Mol sca fhe wom = mde JO 8 rom shout ne mae sation of space, e ‘ce eran conte ok wer Lae tatbe fasta 285 sunt relat snd inden = oor adopted should be such that ve at wel hy 3 ek et el ne! 2p to hed oo Size of door in nin Doors of Residential bilings 173, SIZE OF DOORS (@)Extemal door ie tn ements, SEPM iy (9, Dr om Sos Ser Sia mpm nat Se eh a pens bling hes | ee fs considered adequate. On the other band, the size op th oU75 a 1200x sould be sack that it may permit a car passthrough Tapa t a e eae 5 sof garrrage for cars 2250 x 2250 Door frame is made up of two vertical members kniownas jambs i spent nt mene cbmc ear omn Seem! imetns of fk a he ae ae eur ry + Set ‘Ta THICKNESS OF SHUTTER Desai of a door frame POI sections Building, 380. "8Consy, “Timber Door Frame Te age af dope having on€ shutter, the 381 fs untae he Size ofthe k and 100 tim. wide, fing g, ste on eR tte nel Se ta Sow 140 mm. ‘Typical se Patel a ooR 35m 4 Je and panelled shutter on the othe ‘The jambs are usually tenoned into Sometimes the head projects out by about 7 the jambe pojtedpton 8 known a5 horn which helps in seen Swe ead to the. masonry. However homs create difficulties me repair or replacement. of the frame and as such prs ag obselete these days, ‘Alternatively the head inay be. ferioned i tothe monica SECTION: BE fe jambs and pinned with 8 mim. 6 nails oF 10 pins. Flusn fixed on cach jamb; PLAN Shien and tbe remaining io at 30 cm from the top and bottom oe Tol te einbedded in concrete blocks and the construc __ the construction of wall goes up. At - it the flooring fo its full depth, Sometimes the the floor by means of metal pins or dowels, Details of door with Stel tranie Post and a hea ‘ 4. AL the joints the ether by. mechanical nieans, So nes a horizon ‘a prepared door opeilt ele iron) is also provided to fix the jambs at base a hee ame |e ae ee © Be the construction of 'B anil the hinges are invariably welded frame Method o mes are always fixed in prepared d ‘Wood screws. This method of fish Spiga eg as opening 8 case. of stone masonry or R.C.C. ¥0 tte com “Door Frames frame AS incase of Sicel doo plat oA or pes 0 an be ‘made out of angle Tee, chante! timber frame, in this case too there PLASTER IN FLUSH shurseg BEXBSKDANGLE IRON pnine N DETAIL AT. A. Fig. 174 Ealagd til at "AY of door shown in i, 173 damaged on account of likely transference of Ionds ding masonry. In exe the fam vind ee ane ing andthe tame sah cent concrete : In cae of stone masonry or cut chassis, wooden plugs are embeadie jamb in concrete or stone masonry. di en Of the’ wal, Aller the opening is prepared, the dor unt Fesiton and fixed with the plugs with galvanised iron wood soem 175. TYPES’ OF DOORS Depending upon. the type of OF stesse fon fixed in’ brick masonry, cases for accommodating the bold ag ing he secured to the opening by grout ial used, arrange siffereat” components, method ‘of construction and op doors can be broadly classified into different 1) Batiened and ledged doors: 2), Batiened ledged and braced doors. -@) Batiened ledged, braced: and framed doors: (A) Framed and panelled doors, ) Glazed oF sash doors, (6) Flush doors, ) Fly proof doors, FRAME cones [ onserse pomm iwc, BaTTEN - MioDiLe uence 200%30 Bor Tom Leoce 200%30 ECTION.X.X Fig 175 of Banened and Ledge door Revolving doors. ing doors 00) Swing doors, (4) Cottaps (2) Rolling steet shuter doors (13) Rotting gritt doors. (14), doors. (5) Fire check door. doors. 384 60x 100 FRAME E 200230 Le pgp in ¥ FRAME J0on6¢ Tor tebe: wows asmm Thick, BATTEN BRACING toons out 4_ I piaster Nien wane Moov E aoorss oS DETAIL AT_A . Fig. 176 Folaged dell at "A" of €00r shown in Fig, es oiSee gotten tose: (@) Battened and Ledged Door. This is the si og The 8 of a sede iongued and grooved and jown as. ledges, a ledge. The of ledges vary from 25 to 30 mi..a Details of Battened, ledged and braced door This type of door, is recom where: economy. rather” than the appearance is o consideration, (2) Battened ledged and braced door. This The sizes of different com Battens : 100 to 175 ledges: 175 to 225 m nits of the door are as under. wide and 20 mm, thick. wide and 25 t0 30 \s-wide and-having sam 15, are provided in the form. of j ‘dges as shown in (Fig, 177). The braces are norm fenoned_ into, the ledges. The braces incl (3) Battened, edged, braced and framed door. This type of Considered to the superior in strength, durability and appearance ther two type of doors mentioned above. ‘The frame work of this Sf door consists members catled stiles, three horizontal they act as struts and pro th to the door. This type of do fon where appearance is not s0 a Fram Tor’ ae re ae mai ase 20mm 4H ** Bare, PACING roaay J SEEK RAR teeny T= BRACING 78435 }OTTOM RAL 00230 tom rails. The ‘The braces are no: ipoorsard Windows 387 nsrE0, 229 14 warren, vonoe L STILE T9450 DETAIL ATA Fig. 179 ged deal a "A" of door shonin Hg. 179, ere the door is likely to be sut K rail and frieze Ane Sore ELEVATION SECTION.A.A ees | tel sorte ap ern. (iid) Incase of plywood, TENE ‘ix PANEL there is z u However Fig. 1710, should © Debilsofdittercar types of panelled doors ‘maximum area of a single panel inti than 0S m2, ele Buildin, 390 ing Con, nnce 10x35 stig Ls Enlarged dt [Moober ramen lazed’ or Sash’ Door. This type of door ell 8p 391 Fig. 14 mo pated and glazed doors Various cuass, ‘ ELEVATION oF SHOES AN PANELLED sat BEADING. (WOEN rae tock ait ‘807 Tom Ra Ben aco RA moc Pane : Pe ais Des of fa pated and} wd pnd nor lush Door. With the lange scale production of pee dys 2% Veen, se of sh doors bas become very pout a¥8. Fsh’ doors -have rin gh stength and dural i) wag ee Fig. 1716 me e or fe View of th of fixing glass "6% of the door shown in Fig. 1715 showing arangement skeleton (6 on oor town in fg. 11 : ealy usb 29 tor. cers giving perfectly M7, ir is used or tuenitlatly if decorative type of plywood or face venee type plywood or face ce pdb th oe reed decree oe of fash dea termed as commercial 9P* “pst ore 395 % HINGE STYLE.352100, stwe Gtass 10x20 woopen BEADING G0X100 FRAME ‘SOFT wood srmies on LAMINATED cone Pieces PLASTER DETAIL ATA Fe 1717 af door shown is sete Face vencer| Decorative type Aush doors cost more that com eh vanes Fish door shutters. are manufac- ed se a 123) 30, 35 and 40 mm. BOTTOM RAIL ELEVATION ick flush door shullér is recommended for | door openings. ranging from 100 fm. x210 em, to 120 em, x 210 cm. in size. ‘Type of “ftush doors. Flush doors can be broadly divided in following three types. i FRAME FACE VENEER oF sTiLe if PLY woop Ml WS SOFT wooo STRIPS OR LAMINATED CORE Pieces. DETAIL AT. A, Fig 1719 ‘core consisting of Hollow core ‘type flush f top rail and bot mS cm. The frame is f re isnot possible to use same species of timber f 306 [tor Rail + rg ae wigod sheets arc glued tine on oll fc nda and face Veneers can face veneers arc glued golds are uniformly more than 40% by wluing, under pressure , sencers on both faces. of U sorrom man ELEVATION SOLID cone oF in wit PARTICLE BOARD 5 zum, in. width ‘The space between the stiles d by fixing wood battens not less than 25-mm, miner that the voids are equaly distributed and area 88 than 50 emt. Instead of battens, rolls or strips of FACE VENEER of Iso -be used for forming core, Plywood sheets. or nds and face veneers are then glued under of the core. The thickness of plywood used s than 6 mm, EDGE oF HARD wooo PLY wooo OR LIPPING OETA ATLA Bie 1720 ‘pe Mish doo Details of sod core id core consisting of pric Je and horan i th fine-mesh galvanised wie is fixed and {i ‘the door opening in ae © 8. provi shutler opening inside ANE, provided with double. shuters. The shu ope i Eee ae ee By estan te rag ater * Out side the room or vice versa. of the panels 398 Ste CATT eng 7 MTERMe 24 Fai MEDayg Voins, ELEVATION Lock mate | SECTION: Kx =z) ELEVATION ea FLAN FRAME ig. 1722 ®) Revolving Door. FACE VENEER on BATTENS vows HEDGE OF HARD wooD On LIFPING DETAIL AT. A Mp. 1721 Is f Hollow core type flush door “DL POE doors an i itches, 90 noe 15 ae commonly provided for ‘Seat oes, cupbouds for sovng food, sets 1 ® Pep eee aor the inside face of the Ut ey proce bode + fo Fy pot door provides th rubber pieces which fit ‘The attached leaves may PLASTER eoxi2s FRAME ‘he jmetions gusset plates are necessarily ysog ath aie quired thickness are fzed {othe shane tctO™ Mid steel The one fame ofthe shoten i pny ANE i ea sTyLe 10x35 woooen, tox2e BEA OING DETAIL ATLA Fig. 1723 Enlarged deuil at "AY of tly proof door shown Fig: 1722 eer op and bottom guide The guide rails run past opening for a the shutter so that when the door is req) shutter occupies a new position parallel to the ar off te pening. The shutter are also provided with locking amngemens, y st es When not in use. Since these doors are pushed o have glazed shutters so as to enable the users to see it Side of the door and avoid accidenis. AS the springs return ing should preferably be carried out by should be protected by otber suitable means. objets on oth tie do Fig 1724 Revolving door 1¢ meeting stiles should be segment ws should have a peep bole, fixed i ep ole zed and partly panelled. Such, | al be at eye level. Details of swing door wilh fush dor shuts is, banks, offices and jM Peep hole are shown in Fig. 1728-1729. and Vindows got RACKET, ‘TROLLEY OPENING, BALL: BEARING CHANNEL TRACK FINISHED FLOOR —|rrame FLooR Finisx = of increased EL TRACK toors ae. co Fig, 1726 letalion ofa single shuner sliding door spart. The chanaels the in side and are i door shutter slides over roller mounted at is bottom ar nd Miers 0s ws FLUS« swortee TN] [Fe vere action H SPRING King I Stas ‘) PEEP Hoe F . 35TH. FLUSH swutreR, i 10215 eADING = PLASTER DETAILAT. X DETAR ALY 2100 sae des 2°" and ELEVATION nade out of ide cannes 76 1c evide e and Keep the sh i ieaccommdne and Ar sping enclosed inthe ora fe. from the weather ee of door opcaing doesnot exceeg oe ge easly opened or closed by pu 54m an tN i Se te oat Can tment as ot of be ane rule Fine ie Os eaters aa — ics ie ma aceon Grarict tbe spread of fire through the ‘ng the damage of the ee er ene eee te area of door opening is more than 10 sq, pened or closed by means of redi & Sealing rod and winding bandle or by means of cl saarieor in such a case is Known as mechanical pe nooo cover } L Substations ete, certain 4 % = storren |e ‘he doors can be of sliding, hinged, manually operated or automatic type. The fire check doois can be of the following two types : (1) Steel plate doors. () Metal covered doors. EnanneL = sume socr SECT ELEVATION te door, the shutter ‘made out of the steel Sof steel plate 6 mm. ‘Be amangement of tecomes 18 mm. or mor In case of Silvers of pla is should be such that the door shutter ‘kness continuously along each edge. cover doors, the core of the shutter consists of 3 ww pined , tounged and groved seasoned teak or yellow pi wanes (A so es han 22mm alas. The cor ince inthe set 5 me nels wi © joints to exclude air and 10 enst : Lee cover Pencls which have Ide te i core does no! tonverted based “This type of door is constructed Je that wood does not bum when air is exchuded but i is imo charcoal. This type of door has added advantegr © PEIPS peste of Roti Stct Shuts Door (18) Rolling Grill Doors. Th ing. gril peer The d construction and 0 f rolling gil door stature yng coms us Baits = F sng te fuses bos abso the beat Fists from, : aly pees mere De ote to safer act eek cos ae od et ee soc, Bers Bes, Depermeatal Sts and other Pays Wig. ie WINDOWS 2 amet ‘windows to be provi Se ee es Ove in room Zan @ Sz mom bo be Bid. @ Leceion of he mom ed is ty. (© Acctitectual testmeat i wo be gives to the (Gp Dimcin of wind adi speed pe ee 6 Gu ay AMY, te=apeeten = Based on the shove, following thumb roles ave beea framed J Geemine tor are segeinements for windows in 2 room. The size ad Pigg ey aren ates ol pag eng seqeined for window opening is known (© Toa 2 of sindow opening should normally vary from (20% of the Sioor area of the oom. In bot and arid regions it could b: 1) $2 156 of de om ara. ‘When the balding isto be located int $id egiom, the ac of window openings shosld vary betes 3 Depending upon type of material used, aature of opezetional movements of the shutters, location and the manner in nicl they are fined, windows can be brosdly classified as under. 20s of te foraxa, (© Incase of public buildings like, schools, offices, factories, n= ©) Fitoted windows; ‘Pils ce. the asinimmsm area of windows should be 20% of the floor at. ©) Doible hug windows © For adequate tual ight, the total aea of pass pens (6) Stas dons ‘windows sod by at ast 82 of Hor ase, 6) (Caseriene windoies 177, DESIGN OF WINDOWS - (9 Sash or laced winds ZT Potms to be Kept in view while making provin!# (7) Lowere or sentinel windows ‘Windows in 2 r00m are -- ji) sie and somes of windows should be set” ‘Provide adequate light and veatilation in the 100m. ype of fixed in the.) ‘where light ‘through fixed windows. ype of, window the ind Windows wet Ls] Pacey Seu" ER wero FOR oor ou Snrrtem Haris BOTTOM RAL ELEVATION MEETING Rai FOR Top sitter 733 the grooves outside in vision at the 412 88TT Om man, song" LS ESS se ome sea as HT ince wisivow 608 Geter Fg 17-34) snowing aerate mobos ‘ntloor sve Hat degree of elegance, finishing, durabil “Howeve 1 | prime consider Windows yea 413 For econo be verti se. This type of wiges vent ‘ven hen the DETAW AT_x Fa. 1736 Enlarged deus X le Fh ied wp, the gaps between the blades are opened and when led down, the gaps between the blades tal window. Use of meial wind ise days. Windows made cel, alti 73) buildings ices, hos ininium and stainless steel are considered t ae ronze and st ade out of these s restricted to posh buildin ‘AS compared with bronze ot stainless steel, nts ‘indows ae less epemive and bene they te eonnsealy ateatted Tor buildings where high dearer of elegance is required wea, Aluminium windows are also rust proof, durable and require teel being cheapest of the above Wt Economical. Hence steel wit mS OF ‘actured in a wide ‘Ban be fabricate: stee] windows work extensively used in ‘windows are es. The window of required range of standard sizes.

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