AMALEAKS.BLOGSPOT.

COM

EAPP WEEK 1-7

North Pole, Temperate Zone, summit

-geography
Evaluating details to make judgment.
-drawing conclusion
The human sex chromosomes are of the XX-XY
pattern. The Y chromosome is much smaller
than the X chromosome. Two types of sperm cells
are formed during gametogenesis; half of
these have the X chromosome and the others have
the Y chromosome. Every egg cell has an X
chromosome; therefore, fertilization determines the
sex. If a Y sperm cell fertilizes the egg, a
male develops.
What is the author's purpose?
-inform the steps in fertilization.
Com - is a prefix which means 'together'
or 'with'. If you are asked to serve with
others on a
project, the group is usually called a
-committee
Until the 1960s, people in the United States did not
particularly pay attention to the natural
environment. Rather, Americans were more focused
on the economy. However, with an
increase in oil spills, polluting factories and power
plants, and the loss of wilderness, suddenly
people realizes they shared common values. They
called for a national organization to protect
the environment. Accordingly, on April 22, 1970, the
first Earth DAY, 20 MILLION Americans
took to the streets, parks and auditoriums to
demonstrate for a healthy, sustainable
environment. Thousands of colleges and universities
organized protests against the
deterioration of the environment.
The first Earth Day led to the creation of the United
States Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) and the passage of the Clean Air, Clean
Water, and Endangered Species Acts. President
Richard Nixon and Congress worked together to
established the EPA in response to the
growing public demand for cleaner water, air and
land. Prior to the establishment of the EPA,
the national government was not structured to make
coordinated attack on the pollutants, which
harm human health and degrade the environment.
The EPA was assigned the daunting task of
repairing the damage already done to the natural
environment.
Why does the author mention the first Earth Day in
paragraph 2?
-to illustrate how this event resulted in an important
organization
Slang words are examples of informal English.
-true
PASSAGE: Study : Teenage brain lacks empathy By
Sara Goudarzi If you ever sense
teenagers are not taking your feelings into account,
it's probably because they're just
incapable
of doing so. The area of the brain associated with
higher-level thinking, empathy, and guilt is

underused by teenagers, reports a new study. When

considering an action, the teenage medial
prefrontal cortex, located in front of the brain,
doesn't get as much action as adults.
"Thinking
strategies change with age," said Sarah Jayne
Blakemore of the University College London
Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience. "As you
get older you use more or less the same brain
network to make decisions about your actions as
you did when you were a teenager, but the
crucial difference is that the distribution of that brain
activity shifts from the back of the brain
(when you are a teenager) to the front (when you
are an adult)." Teen thinking In the study,
teens and adults were asked how they would react
to certain situations. As they responded,
researchers imaged their brains. Although both
adults and teens responded similarly to the
questions, their brain activity differed. The medial
prefrontal cortex was much more active in the
adults than in the teens. However, the teenagers
had much more activity in the superior
temporal sulcus, the brain area involved in predicting
future actions based on previous ones.
Adults were also much faster at figuring out how
their actions would affect themselves and other
people. "We think that a teenager's
judgment of what they would do in a given situation
is driven
by the simple question: 'What would I do?
'" Blakemore said. "Adults, on the
other hand, ask:
'What would I do, given how I would feel and
given how the people around me would feel as a
result of my actions?'" Developing
sensitivity Children start taking into account other
people's
feelings around the age of five. But the ability
develops well beyond this age, the new research
suggests. And while some of this sensitivity could be
the result of undeveloped regions in the
brain, the experience that adults acquire from social
interactions also plays an important role.
My purpose in reading this: Reading Strategy I will
use: 12 "Whatever the reasons, it is clear
that teenagers are dealing with, not only massive
hormonal shifts, but also substantial neural
changes," Blakemore said. "These
changes do not happen gradually and steadily
between the
ages of 0–18. They come on in great spurts and
puberty is one of the most dramatic
developmental stages." The results of the
study were presented today at the BA Festival of
Science in the UK.
Why did the author mention ‘hormonal shift’ in the
article? 
-to validate the claim of the research on teens’
behavior in relation to their brain development
Academic English uses a complex grammatical
structure.
-True
Getting the gist of a text.
-skimming
The reverse of increase is
-decrease
Until the 1960s, people in the United States did not
particularly pay attention to the natural
environment. Rather, Americans were more focused
on the economy. However, with an
increase in oil spills, polluting factories and power
plants, and the loss of wilderness, suddenly
people realizes they shared common values. They
called for a national organization to protect
the environment. Accordingly, on April 22, 1970, the
first Earth DAY, 20 MILLION Americans
took to the streets, parks and auditoriums to
demonstrate for a healthy, sustainable
environment. Thousands of colleges and universities
organized protests against the
deterioration of the environment. The first Earth Day
led to the creation of the United States
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the
passage of the Clean Air, Clean Water, and
Endangered Species Acts. President Richard Nixon
and Congress worked together to
established the EPA in response to the growing
public demand for cleaner water, air and land.
Prior to the establishment of the EPA, the national
government was not structured to make
coordinated attack on the pollutants, which harm
human health and degrade the environment.
The EPA was assigned the daunting task of
repairing the damage already done to the natural
environment.
Why did the author write the passage?
-to discuss the increase in public awareness for a
cleaner environment
Use prediction in understanding a text.
-critical reading
Recording questions for follow–up.
-critical reading
Until the 1960s, people in the United States did not
particularly pay attention to the natural
environment. Rather, Americans were more focused
on the economy. However, with an
increase in oil spills, polluting factories and power
plants, and the loss of wilderness, suddenly
people realizes they shared common values. They
called for a national organization to protect
the environment. Accordingly, on April 22, 1970, the
first Earth DAY, 20 MILLION Americans
took to the streets, parks and auditoriums to
demonstrate for a healthy, sustainable
environment. Thousands of colleges and universities
organized protests against the
deterioration of the environment. The first Earth Day
led to the creation of the United States
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the
passage of the Clean Air, Clean Water, and
Endangered Species Acts. President Richard Nixon
and Congress worked together to
established the EPA in response to the growing
public demand for cleaner water, air and land.
Prior to the establishment of the EPA, the national
government was not structured to make
coordinated attack on the pollutants, which harm
human health and degrade the environment.
The EPA was assigned the daunting task of
repairing the damage already done to the natural
environment.
What is the author’s purpose in paragraph 2?
-to describe how the government became more
involved in cleaning the environment
The children all smiled upon receiving their present.
- PREsent
Academic English deals with understanding of
lexical knowledge and the phonological features
of English
-true
Dear Tall, Dark and Handsome — This is your lucky
day! The girl of your dreams is just a phone
call away. I am 5’ 10’’, slim, pretty, and only 23. I
love pop music, good books, exotic foods, and
foreign travel. Give me a ring any day after 6 P.M.
You won’t be sorry.
Your gal, Jackie.
How did the speaker express her message?
-by integrating humor with some interesting facts in
her message
Looking for items in Google search.
-scanning
A regressive move is a move back; an move would
mean a move to or toward.
-aggressive
PASSAGE: Study : Teenage brain lacks empathy By
Sara Goudarzi If you ever sense
teenagers are not taking your feelings into account,
it's probably because they're just
incapable
of doing so. The area of the brain associated with
higher-level thinking, empathy, and guilt is
underused by teenagers, reports a new study. When
considering an action, the teenage medial
prefrontal cortex, located in front of the brain,
doesn't get as much action as adults.
"Thinking
strategies change with age," said Sarah Jayne
Blakemore of the University College London
Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience. "As you
get older you use more or less the same brain
network to make decisions about your actions as
you did when you were a teenager, but the
crucial difference is that the distribution of that brain
activity shifts from the back of the brain
(when you are a teenager) to the front (when you
are an adult)." Teen thinking In the study,
teens and adults were asked how they would react
to certain situations. As they responded,
researchers imaged their brains. Although both
adults and teens responded similarly to the
questions, their brain activity differed. The medial
prefrontal cortex was much more active in the
adults than in the teens. However, the teenagers
had much more activity in the superior
temporal sulcus, the brain area involved in predicting
future actions based on previous ones.
Adults were also much faster at figuring out how
their actions would affect themselves and other
people. "We think that a teenager's
judgment of what they would do in a given situation
is driven
by the simple question: 'What would I do?
'" Blakemore said. "Adults, on the
other hand, ask:
'What would I do, given how I would feel and
given how the people around me would feel as a
result of my actions?'" Developing
sensitivity Children start taking into account other
people's
feelings around the age of five. But the ability
develops well beyond this age, the new research
suggests. And while some of this sensitivity could be
the result of undeveloped regions in the
brain, the experience that adults acquire from social
interactions also plays an important role.
My purpose in reading this: Reading Strategy I will
use: 12 "Whatever the reasons, it is clear
that teenagers are dealing with, not only massive
hormonal shifts, but also substantial neural
changes," Blakemore said. "These
changes do not happen gradually and steadily
between the
ages of 0–18. They come on in great spurts and
puberty is one of the most dramatic
developmental stages." The results of the
study were presented today at the BA Festival of
Science in the UK.
With which statement listed below would the author
of this article most likely agree? 
-Parents should NOT take it personally when their
teens don’t feel sorry for how long they work
in a day
The word is terracide. It is not committed with guns
and knives, but with relentless bulldozers,
roaring dump trucks, and giant shovels like
mythological beasts. Dynamite cuts and rips apart
mountains to reach the minerals inside, leaving
nothing but empty, naked hills. The land is left
wasted and allowed to slide down upon houses and
into streams, making the land unlivable and
the stream water undrinkable. This is terracide, or if
you prefer, strip mining.
Which of these best describes the author’s view
about his subject?
- satirical
The prefix ad - means "to" or
"toward". When you support something
and call others to accept
your point of view, you are its support.
-advocate
Civil War, Gulf War, apartheid
-history
Certain amount can be taken away or from income
tax returns.
-deducted
The supervisor was fired due to a
questionable conduct in the Workplace.
-CONduct
Simple connectors are used in Academic language.
-false
When a person has a smile that lures or attracts
people, we call him/ her

-alluring
PASSAGE: Study : Teenage brain lacks empathy By
Sara Goudarzi If you ever sense
teenagers are not taking your feelings into account,
it's probably because they're just
incapable
of doing so. The area of the brain associated with
higher-level thinking, empathy, and guilt is
underused by teenagers, reports a new study. When
considering an action, the teenage medial
prefrontal cortex, located in front of the brain,
doesn't get as much action as adults.
"Thinking
strategies change with age," said Sarah Jayne
Blakemore of the University College London
Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience. "As you
get older you use more or less the same brain
network to make decisions about your actions as
you did when you were a teenager, but the
crucial difference is that the distribution of that brain
activity shifts from the back of the brain
(when you are a teenager) to the front (when you
are an adult)." Teen thinking In the study,
teens and adults were asked how they would react
to certain situations. As they responded,
researchers imaged their brains. Although both
adults and teens responded similarly to the
questions, their brain activity differed. The medial
prefrontal cortex was much more active in the
adults than in the teens. However, the teenagers
had much more activity in the superior
temporal sulcus, the brain area involved in predicting
future actions based on previous ones.
Adults were also much faster at figuring out how
their actions would affect themselves and other
people. "We think that a teenager's
judgment of what they would do in a given situation
is driven
by the simple question: 'What would I do?
'" Blakemore said. "Adults, on the
other hand, ask:
'What would I do, given how I would feel and
given how the people around me would feel as a
result of my actions?'" Developing
sensitivity Children start taking into account other
people's
feelings around the age of five. But the ability
develops well beyond this age, the new research
suggests. And while some of this sensitivity could be
the result of undeveloped regions in the
brain, the experience that adults acquire from social
interactions also plays an important role.
My purpose in reading this: Reading Strategy I will
use: 12 "Whatever the reasons, it is clear
that teenagers are dealing with, not only massive
hormonal shifts, but also substantial neural
changes," Blakemore said. "These
changes do not happen gradually and steadily
between the
ages of 0–18. They come on in great spurts and
puberty is one of the most dramatic
developmental stages." The results of the
study were presented today at the BA Festival of
Science in the UK.
What is the dominant feeling of the author in his
article?
- optimistic
Marking key words and summarizing.
-critical reading
Until the 1960s, people in the United States did not
particularly pay attention to the natural
environment. Rather, Americans were more focused
on the economy. However, with an
increase in oil spills, polluting factories and power
plants, and the loss of wilderness, suddenly
people realizes they shared common values. They
called for a national organization to protect
the environment. Accordingly, on April 22, 1970, the
first Earth DAY, 20 MILLION Americans
took to the streets, parks and auditoriums to
demonstrate for a healthy, sustainable
environment. Thousands of colleges and universities
organized protests against the
deterioration of the environment. The first Earth Day
led to the creation of the United States
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the
passage of the Clean Air, Clean Water, and
Endangered Species Acts. President Richard Nixon
and Congress worked together to
established the EPA in response to the growing
public demand for cleaner water, air and land.
Prior to the establishment of the EPA, the national
government was not structured to make
coordinated attack on the pollutants, which harm
human health and degrade the environment.
The EPA was assigned the daunting task of
repairing the damage already done to the natural
environment.

Which of the following best describes the author’s

attitude toward the creation of EPA?
-The author believes on the advocacy of the EPA
Quickly reading a travel brochure.
-skimming
The group joined the debate contest.
-CONtest
Until the 1960s, people in the United States did not
particularly pay attention to the natural
environment. Rather, Americans were more focused
on the economy. However, with an
increase in oil spills, polluting factories and power
plants, and the loss of wilderness, suddenly
people realizes they shared common values. They
called for a national organization to protect
the environment. Accordingly, on April 22, 1970, the
first Earth DAY, 20 MILLION Americans
took to the streets, parks and auditoriums to
demonstrate for a healthy, sustainable
environment. Thousands of colleges and universities
organized protests against the
deterioration of the environment.
The first Earth Day led to the creation of the United
States Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) and the passage of the Clean Air, Clean
Water, and Endangered Species Acts. President
Richard Nixon and Congress worked together to
established the EPA in response to the
growing public demand for cleaner water, air and
land. Prior to the establishment of the EPA,
the national government was not structured to make
coordinated attack on the pollutants, which
harm human health and degrade the environment.
The EPA was assigned the daunting task of
repairing the damage already done to the natural
environment.
Why did the author mention the protest in paragraph
1?
-to describe the first Earth Day
PASSAGE: Study : Teenage brain lacks empathy By
Sara Goudarzi If you ever sense
teenagers are not taking your feelings into account,
it's probably because they're just
incapable
of doing so. The area of the brain associated with
higher-level thinking, empathy, and guilt is
underused by teenagers, reports a new study. When
considering an action, the teenage medial
prefrontal cortex, located in front of the brain,
doesn't get as much action as adults.
"Thinking
strategies change with age," said Sarah Jayne
Blakemore of the University College London
Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience. "As you
get older you use more or less the same brain
network to make decisions about your actions as
you did when you were a teenager, but the
crucial difference is that the distribution of that brain
activity shifts from the back of the brain
(when you are a teenager) to the front (when you
are an adult)." Teen thinking In the study,
teens and adults were asked how they would react
to certain situations. As they responded,
researchers imaged their brains. Although both
adults and teens responded similarly to the
questions, their brain activity differed. The medial
prefrontal cortex was much more active in the
adults than in the teens. However, the teenagers
had much more activity in the superior
temporal sulcus, the brain area involved in predicting
future actions based on previous ones.
Adults were also much faster at figuring out how
their actions would affect themselves and other
people. "We think that a teenager's
judgment of what they would do in a given situation
is driven
by the simple question: 'What would I do?
'" Blakemore said. "Adults, on the
other hand, ask:
'What would I do, given how I would feel and
given how the people around me would feel as a
result of my actions?'" Developing
sensitivity Children start taking into account other
people's
feelings around the age of five. But the ability
develops well beyond this age, the new research
suggests. And while some of this sensitivity could be
the result of undeveloped regions in the
brain, the experience that adults acquire from social
interactions also plays an important role.
My purpose in reading this: Reading Strategy I will
use: 12 "Whatever the reasons, it is clear
that teenagers are dealing with, not only massive
hormonal shifts, but also substantial neural

changes," Blakemore said. "These

changes do not happen gradually and steadily
between the
ages of 0–18. They come on in great spurts and
puberty is one of the most dramatic
developmental stages." The results of the
study were presented today at the BA Festival of
Science in the UK.
Why did the author mention about the medial
prefrontal cortex? 
-to encourage us to take care of our brain
Note taking.
-critical reading
Formal English is used in Academic language
-true
When driving, you are forced to leave the highway
because of road repairs. you therefore turn
away on a
-detour
The students survey the island where they will
conduct their case studies.
-surVEY
General English requires grammatical competence
-false
oasis, sierra, isthmus
-geography
Bat is a Latin word meaning 'fight'.
'To fight with' is the meaning of
-combat
Looking for a definition in a dictionary.
-scanning
An expository text is an example of academic
English.
-True
General English pertains to the language of
academic disciplines, of texts and literature, and of
extended, reasoned discourse.
-false
Uses top–down and bottom–up processes.
-drawing conclusion
Personal Pronoun "I" is used in
Academic English.
-false
When a forest is entirely stripped of trees and other
plants, we say that it has been
-deforested
A Gallup survey shows that Filipinos are among the
happiest people in the world.
-SURvey
PASSAGE: Study : Teenage brain lacks empathy By
Sara Goudarzi If you ever sense
teenagers are not taking your feelings into account,
it's probably because they're just
incapable
of doing so. The area of the brain associated with
higher-level thinking, empathy, and guilt is
underused by teenagers, reports a new study. When
considering an action, the teenage medial

prefrontal cortex, located in front of the brain,

doesn't get as much action as adults.
"Thinking
strategies change with age," said Sarah Jayne
Blakemore of the University College London
Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience. "As you
get older you use more or less the same brain
network to make decisions about your actions as
you did when you were a teenager, but the
crucial difference is that the distribution of that brain
activity shifts from the back of the brain
(when you are a teenager) to the front (when you
are an adult)." Teen thinking In the study,
teens and adults were asked how they would react
to certain situations. As they responded,
researchers imaged their brains. Although both
adults and teens responded similarly to the
questions, their brain activity differed. The medial
prefrontal cortex was much more active in the
adults than in the teens. However, the teenagers
had much more activity in the superior
temporal sulcus, the brain area involved in predicting
future actions based on previous ones.
Adults were also much faster at figuring out how
their actions would affect themselves and other
people. "We think that a teenager's
judgment of what they would do in a given situation
is driven
by the simple question: 'What would I do?
'" Blakemore said. "Adults, on the
other hand, ask:
'What would I do, given how I would feel and
given how the people around me would feel as a
result of my actions?'" Developing
sensitivity Children start taking into account other
people's
feelings around the age of five. But the ability
develops well beyond this age, the new research
suggests. And while some of this sensitivity could be
the result of undeveloped regions in the
brain, the experience that adults acquire from social
interactions also plays an important role.
My purpose in reading this: Reading Strategy I will
use: 12 "Whatever the reasons, it is clear
that teenagers are dealing with, not only massive
hormonal shifts, but also substantial neural
changes," Blakemore said. "These
changes do not happen gradually and steadily
between the
ages of 0–18. They come on in great spurts and
puberty is one of the most dramatic
developmental stages." The results of the
study were presented today at the BA Festival of
Science in the UK.
Which statement best describes the author’s attitude
toward teenagers? 
-Teens don’t think things out clearly and therefore
they are unable to make logical decisions.
If progress is 'stepping forward' and
regress means 'stepping back' , the word
which literally
means ' stepping together' is
-congress
Bataan Death March, Watergate Scandal, Bubonic
Plague
-history
The word is terracide. It is not committed with guns
and knives, but with relentless bulldozers,
roaring dump trucks, and giant shovels like
mythological beasts. Dynamite cuts and rips apart
mountains to reach the minerals inside, leaving
nothing but empty, naked hills. The land is left
wasted and allowed to slide down upon houses and
into streams, making the land unlivable and
the stream water undrinkable. This is terracide, or if
you prefer, strip mining.
What is the author's purpose?
-inform you of the dangers of terracide.
Tofu is a product that is becoming very popular as a
low-calorie, cholesterol-free meat
substitute. Formerly it was found exclusively in
Oriental markets and health food stores, but
today tofu can be purchased in most supermarket
produce departments. This white, cheese like
substance is made from the condensed milk of
soybeans. It is extremely high in protein and low
in sodium. Tofu is almost tasteless by itself, but it
can be easily mixed into sauces and soups; it
can even be made to imitate scrambled eggs.
What is the author's primary purpose?
-inform the readers about a low calorie diet

Our criminal justice system today is a disgrace.

Modern day criminals have more rights than an
honest citizen ever imagined were written into our
U.S. Constitution. Murderers and rapists are
typically set free on legal technicalities and seldom
face any jail time. While that scum is back to
work finding new victims, the pleas of those they
have killed, maimed, or violated go unheard.
Until we begin giving some real consideration to
people who obey the law, instead of those who
break it, things are going to continue getting worse.
What is the author’s perspective about his subject?
-disapproving
vaccination, serum, carbohydrates
-health
Our criminal justice system today is a disgrace.
Modern day criminals have more rights than an
honest citizen ever imagined were written into our
U.S. Constitution. Murderers and rapists are
typically set free on legal technicalities and seldom
face any jail time. While that scum is back to
work finding new victims, the pleas of those they
have killed, maimed, or violated go unheard.
Until we begin giving some real consideration to
people who obey the law, instead of those who
break it, things are going to continue getting worse.
How did the author express his/her disapproval of
the criminal justice system in America?
- by comparing the plight of the victims and the
freedom of the criminals
This is Philippine literature at its finest. For a
millennium, it has been very much alive, shaping
current events, influencing prevalent ideologies and
societal dictates, fueling our patriotism,
promoting a sense of greater good and bestowing
hopes and aspirations that this nation could
inscribe in the chronicle of its soul.
What is the purpose of the speaker in the passage?
-to inform the readers about the contribution of
Philippine literature to our country.
To make a delicious New England pie, proceed as
follows: take some water and flour; then
construct a bullet-proof dough. Make this into a disk-
shaped object. Dry it for a couple of days in
a mild temperature. Pour on stewed dried apples
and slabs of citron; leave it in a safe place until
it petrifies. Serve cold at breakfast and invite your
mother-in-law.
What is the author's purpose?
-entertain of (satirize) New England cooking.
A narrative text tells a story and usually follows a
familiar structure. It can be in the form of
reporting of factual events, or the retelling of a tale
from oral tradition. It is often written in
informal, everyday English.
-true
(Write Informal English or Academic English): In
August, Henry and Henry's big dog Mudge
always went camping. They went with Henry's
parents. Henry's mother had been a Camp Fire
Girl, so she knew all about camping. She knew how
to set up a tent. She knew how to build a
campfire. She knew how to cook camp food.
- Informal English
"In resenting progress and change, a man lays
himself open to censure."  (E.B. White,
"Progress and Change")
-criticism, expression of disapproval
Therefore
- Result
The purpose of the psychiatrist is to mitigate the
suffering of the patient.
-make milder

However
-Contrast
Origins of the English Language
1) In starting our study of the English language, we
must know something about its beginnings
or origins. The English language has its beginnings
in many other languages that go far back
into ancient times.
2) We must start our study as far back as the
invasion of two German tribes, the Angles and the
Saxons, into Great Britain. This invasion occurred
about four hundred years after the birth of
Christ. These barbaric tribes overran the island of
Great Britain and introduced a new way of
life. They also introduced new words into the
language that later became the English we speak
and write today. From their Germanic gods, for
example, come the days of the week: Tui, the
god of war (Tuesday); Woden, father of the gods
(Wednesday); Thor, god of Thunder
(Thursday).
3) Then we must comprehend or understand how
the invasion of the Normans into Great
Britain- known as the land of the Angles, or England
– also changed our mother tongue. The
Normans were from France. In 1066 they conquered
the Angles and the Saxons and made
them slaves. The old English spoken by the Angles
and Saxons survived; however, some
French words were added. These new words helped
to make our language richer. From these
early Frenchmen, for example, the word porc means
“pig”. Today, we use the word pork,
however, only when we speak of the flesh of a pig.
This is because the early French Normans,
as the masters of England, saw the animal only
when it was cooked and served to them on the
dinner table. The Angle and Saxon slaves, however,
who tended the animal while it was alive,
called it pig. So even now the flesh of this particular
animal when eaten is pork, but the animal
itself is known as a pig.
4) And, in turn, we must understand or comprehend
how the French language brought to
England by the Norman conquerors had its roots in
the ancient languages of Greece and Rome.
Many of the words borrowed from the Normans at
this time, for example showed the
relationship of a ruling class to its subjects. Most of
these words can be traced all the way back
to Latin. The word conqueror itself comes from the
old French word conquerre which, in turn,
comes from the Latin word conquarere, which simply
means “to win”.
5) Only by a brief study of these chronological
events and their influences can we comprehend
why the English language we speak today is so rich
in meaning.
Question: What transition signals are used to
indicate chronological events?
-in starting/then
This is a group of sentences dealing with one single
idea.
- paragraph
After spending three weeks in the hospital, I had
a surfeit of daytime TV programming.   
-excessive
It is difficult to imagine a surfeit of talent in one
individual, yet Leonard Bernstein simply does
not have the time to make complete use of his talent
as conductor, performer, writer, and
lecturer.
-excess
If 'gyne' is a Greek word for woman, then
a woman hater is a _______________
-misogynist
(Write Informal English or Academic English): They
laid into the government for failing to
allocate enough funding.
-Informal English

The prisoners liberated from the Nazi death camp

were so emaciated that they looked like
skeletons.   
-very thin
After the Romans left, a millennium and a half
passed before people again lived in such
comfort. Churchill wrote, “From the year 400 until the
year 1900 no one had central heating and
very few had hot baths.”
-1000 years
The Greek word 'gamos' means
'marriage'. A person who hates marriage
is called a
_________________.
-misogamist
Origins of the English Language
1) In starting our study of the English language, we
must know something about its beginnings
or origins. The English language has its beginnings
in many other languages that go far back
into ancient times.
2) We must start our study as far back as the
invasion of two German tribes, the Angles and the
Saxons, into Great Britain. This invasion occurred
about four hundred years after the birth of
Christ. These barbaric tribes overran the island of
Great Britain and introduced a new way of
life. They also introduced new words into the
language that later became the English we speak
and write today. From their Germanic gods, for
example, come the days of the week: Tui, the
god of war (Tuesday); Woden, father of the gods
(Wednesday); Thor, god of Thunder
(Thursday).
3) Then we must comprehend or understand how
the invasion of the Normans into Great
Britain- known as the land of the Angles, or England
– also changed our mother tongue. The
Normans were from France. In 1066 they conquered
the Angles and the Saxons and made
them slaves. The old English spoken by the Angles
and Saxons survived; however, some
French words were added. These new words helped
to make our language richer. From these
early Frenchmen, for example, the word porc means
“pig”. Today, we use the word pork,
however, only when we speak of the flesh of a pig.
This is because the early French Normans,
as the masters of England, saw the animal only
when it was cooked and served to them on the
dinner table. The Angle and Saxon slaves, however,
who tended the animal while it was alive,
called it pig. So even now the flesh of this particular
animal when eaten is pork, but the animal
itself is known as a pig.
4) And, in turn, we must understand or comprehend
how the French language brought to
England by the Norman conquerors had its roots in
the ancient languages of Greece and Rome.
Many of the words borrowed from the Normans at
this time, for example showed the
relationship of a ruling class to its subjects. Most of
these words can be traced all the way back
to Latin. The word conqueror itself comes from the
old French word conquerre which, in turn,
comes from the Latin word conquarere, which simply
means “to win”.
5) Only by a brief study of these chronological
events and their influences can we comprehend
why the English language we speak today is so rich
in meaning.
In paragraph 2, what transition signal is used to
explain how the Germanic language influenced
the English language?
-for example
This is where primary argument is presented first
followed by reasons and supporting details to
prove his or her argument.
-thesis structure
Origins of the English Language
1) In starting our study of the English language, we
must know something about its beginnings

or origins. The English language has its beginnings

in many other languages that go far back
into ancient times.
2) We must start our study as far back as the
invasion of two German tribes, the Angles and the
Saxons, into Great Britain. This invasion occurred
about four hundred years after the birth of
Christ. These barbaric tribes overran the island of
Great Britain and introduced a new way of
life. They also introduced new words into the
language that later became the English we speak
and write today. From their Germanic gods, for
example, come the days of the week: Tui, the
god of war (Tuesday); Woden, father of the gods
(Wednesday); Thor, god of Thunder
(Thursday).
3) Then we must comprehend or understand how
the invasion of the Normans into Great
Britain- known as the land of the Angles, or England
– also changed our mother tongue. The
Normans were from France. In 1066 they conquered
the Angles and the Saxons and made
them slaves. The old English spoken by the Angles
and Saxons survived; however, some
French words were added. These new words helped
to make our language richer. From these
early Frenchmen, for example, the word porc means
“pig”. Today, we use the word pork,
however, only when we speak of the flesh of a pig.
This is because the early French Normans,
as the masters of England, saw the animal only
when it was cooked and served to them on the
dinner table. The Angle and Saxon slaves, however,
who tended the animal while it was alive,
called it pig. So even now the flesh of this particular
animal when eaten is pork, but the animal
itself is known as a pig.
4) And, in turn, we must understand or comprehend
how the French language brought to
England by the Norman conquerors had its roots in
the ancient languages of Greece and Rome.
Many of the words borrowed from the Normans at
this time, for example showed the
relationship of a ruling class to its subjects. Most of
these words can be traced all the way back
to Latin. The word conqueror itself comes from the
old French word conquerre which, in turn,
comes from the Latin word conquarere, which simply
means “to win”.
5) Only by a brief study of these chronological
events and their influences can we comprehend
why the English language we speak today is so rich
in meaning.
What is the topic sentence in paragraph 3?
- Then we must comprehend or understand how the
invasion of the Normans into Great Britain-
known as the land of the Angles, or England – also
changed our mother tongue
Such are the vicissitudes of history. Nothing remains
the same. Three hundred years of peace
ended in darkness and confusion.
-changes
There is no doubt that the idea of living in such
a benign climate was appealing. The islanders
seemed to keep their vitality and live longer than
Europeans.
-favorable
The job candidate’s background was impeccable –
good references and many years of
experience, but the company did not give her  the
job.    
- no error
"Roger was thankful for the clothes he had
chosen to wear today, because if there was ever a
time he needed sartorial armor, it was right
now."  (Tom Wolfe, A Man in Full)
-related to clothing or style of dress
Likewise
-Comparison
A gasoline is ______________, or easily burned.
- flammable

A plant that gets food from the air but grows upon
another plant is called an
____________________
- epiphyte
Origins of the English Language
1) In starting our study of the English language, we
must know something about its beginnings
or origins. The English language has its beginnings
in many other languages that go far back
into ancient times.
2) We must start our study as far back as the
invasion of two German tribes, the Angles and the
Saxons, into Great Britain. This invasion occurred
about four hundred years after the birth of
Christ. These barbaric tribes overran the island of
Great Britain and introduced a new way of
life. They also introduced new words into the
language that later became the English we speak
and write today. From their Germanic gods, for
example, come the days of the week: Tui, the
god of war (Tuesday); Woden, father of the gods
(Wednesday); Thor, god of Thunder
(Thursday).
3) Then we must comprehend or understand how
the invasion of the Normans into Great
Britain- known as the land of the Angles, or England
– also changed our mother tongue. The
Normans were from France. In 1066 they conquered
the Angles and the Saxons and made
them slaves. The old English spoken by the Angles
and Saxons survived; however, some
French words were added. These new words helped
to make our language richer. From these
early Frenchmen, for example, the word porc means
“pig”. Today, we use the word pork,
however, only when we speak of the flesh of a pig.
This is because the early French Normans,
as the masters of England, saw the animal only
when it was cooked and served to them on the
dinner table. The Angle and Saxon slaves, however,
who tended the animal while it was alive,
called it pig. So even now the flesh of this particular
animal when eaten is pork, but the animal
itself is known as a pig.
4) And, in turn, we must understand or comprehend
how the French language brought to
England by the Norman conquerors had its roots in
the ancient languages of Greece and Rome.
Many of the words borrowed from the Normans at
this time, for example showed the
relationship of a ruling class to its subjects. Most of
these words can be traced all the way back
to Latin. The word conqueror itself comes from the
old French word conquerre which, in turn,
comes from the Latin word conquarere, which simply
means “to win”.
5) Only by a brief study of these chronological
events and their influences can we comprehend
why the English language we speak today is so rich
in meaning.
What is the best sequence of the two tribal invasions
of Great Britain that made an influence on
English language?
- The Angles and the Saxons-> The Normans
Second
-Sequence
'Anthrop' is a Latin word for a human
being. One who hates people is a ____________
-misanthropy
Consequently
- Result
There is a large demand all over the United States
for plants indigenous to the desert. 
- native
The Russians are skillful at
sending cryptic messages, open to many
interpretations. Our State
Department spends days puzzling over  their
meanings.
- hidden meaning

The tranquilized grizzly bear was lethargic enough

for the scientists to safely examine his teeth
and tattoo his ears.     
-sleepy
Bob decided to be prudent and call ahead for
reservations, instead of just showing up. 
-careful judgment
The period of time between happenings or events is
called the time ___________________
(Write Informal English or Academic English): Marcia
is unpredictable.
- Academic English
Grammatically independent in unit.
- sentence
My brother said, “I just freed myself from a
very loquacious history professor. All he seemed to
want was an audience.”
-talkative
(Write Informal English or Academic English):
Hippopotamuses are the third heaviest kind of
land mammal in the world. They weigh in right after
elephants and rhinos.
-Academic English
Accordingly
-Sequence
Origins of the English Language
1) In starting our study of the English language, we
must know something about its beginnings
or origins. The English language has its beginnings
in many other languages that go far back
into ancient times.
2) We must start our study as far back as the
invasion of two German tribes, the Angles and the
Saxons, into Great Britain. This invasion occurred
about four hundred years after the birth of
Christ. These barbaric tribes overran the island of
Great Britain and introduced a new way of
life. They also introduced new words into the
language that later became the English we speak
and write today. From their Germanic gods, for
example, come the days of the week: Tui, the
god of war (Tuesday); Woden, father of the gods
(Wednesday); Thor, god of Thunder
(Thursday).
3) Then we must comprehend or understand how
the invasion of the Normans into Great
Britain- known as the land of the Angles, or England
– also changed our mother tongue. The
Normans were from France. In 1066 they conquered
the Angles and the Saxons and made
them slaves. The old English spoken by the Angles
and Saxons survived; however, some
French words were added. These new words helped
to make our language richer. From these
early Frenchmen, for example, the word porc means
“pig”. Today, we use the word pork,
however, only when we speak of the flesh of a pig.
This is because the early French Normans,
as the masters of England, saw the animal only
when it was cooked and served to them on the
dinner table. The Angle and Saxon slaves, however,
who tended the animal while it was alive,
called it pig. So even now the flesh of this particular
animal when eaten is pork, but the animal
itself is known as a pig.
4) And, in turn, we must understand or comprehend
how the French language brought to
England by the Norman conquerors had its roots in
the ancient languages of Greece and Rome.
Many of the words borrowed from the Normans at
this time, for example showed the
relationship of a ruling class to its subjects. Most of
these words can be traced all the way back

to Latin. The word conqueror itself comes from the

old French word conquerre which, in turn,
comes from the Latin word conquarere, which simply
means “to win”.
5) Only by a brief study of these chronological
events and their influences can we comprehend
why the English language we speak today is so rich
in meaning.
 What structure of text is used in the passage?
-thesis structure
It is emphasized in a topic sentence.
- main ideas
The outer layer of a skin is called
____________________
- epidermis
An __________________ agreement is one that is
made between or among nations of the
world.
- international
We knew he couldn’t hold out much longer, because
he had been doomed from the beginning.
One night he met his ineluctable fate.
- inevitable
The students who arrived late told the teacher
an implausible story about stopping to watch a
UFO.
-non-believable
This is Philippine literature at its finest. For a
millennium, it has been very much alive, shaping
current events, influencing prevalent ideologies and
societal dictates, fueling our patriotism,
promoting a sense of greater good and bestowing
hopes and aspirations that this nation could
inscribe in the chronicle of its soul.
What is the author’s view about the subject?
-proud
Another term for main idea of the passage.
-thesis statement
Origins of the English Language
1) In starting our study of the English language, we
must know something about its beginnings
or origins. The English language has its beginnings
in many other languages that go far back
into ancient times.
2) We must start our study as far back as the
invasion of two German tribes, the Angles and the
Saxons, into Great Britain. This invasion occurred
about four hundred years after the birth of
Christ. These barbaric tribes overran the island of
Great Britain and introduced a new way of
life. They also introduced new words into the
language that later became the English we speak
and write today. From their Germanic gods, for
example, come the days of the week: Tui, the
god of war (Tuesday); Woden, father of the gods
(Wednesday); Thor, god of Thunder
(Thursday).
3) Then we must comprehend or understand how
the invasion of the Normans into Great
Britain- known as the land of the Angles, or England
– also changed our mother tongue. The
Normans were from France. In 1066 they conquered
the Angles and the Saxons and made
them slaves. The old English spoken by the Angles
and Saxons survived; however, some
French words were added. These new words helped
to make our language richer. From these
early Frenchmen, for example, the word porc means
“pig”. Today, we use the word pork,
however, only when we speak of the flesh of a pig.
This is because the early French Normans,

as the masters of England, saw the animal only

when it was cooked and served to them on the
dinner table. The Angle and Saxon slaves, however,
who tended the animal while it was alive,
called it pig. So even now the flesh of this particular
animal when eaten is pork, but the animal
itself is known as a pig.
4) And, in turn, we must understand or comprehend
how the French language brought to
England by the Norman conquerors had its roots in
the ancient languages of Greece and Rome.
Many of the words borrowed from the Normans at
this time, for example showed the
relationship of a ruling class to its subjects. Most of
these words can be traced all the way back
to Latin. The word conqueror itself comes from the
old French word conquerre which, in turn,
comes from the Latin word conquarere, which simply
means “to win”.
5) Only by a brief study of these chronological
events and their influences can we comprehend
why the English language we speak today is so rich
in meaning.
What paragraph wraps up or restates the main idea
of the essay?
-paragraph 5
If someone's writing is not readable, we would
call it ___________
- illegible
For instance
-Example/Illustration
Origins of the English Language
1) In starting our study of the English language, we
must know something about its beginnings
or origins. The English language has its beginnings
in many other languages that go far back
into ancient times.
2) We must start our study as far back as the
invasion of two German tribes, the Angles and the
Saxons, into Great Britain. This invasion occurred
about four hundred years after the birth of
Christ. These barbaric tribes overran the island of
Great Britain and introduced a new way of
life. They also introduced new words into the
language that later became the English we speak
and write today. From their Germanic gods, for
example, come the days of the week: Tui, the
god of war (Tuesday); Woden, father of the gods
(Wednesday); Thor, god of Thunder
(Thursday).
3) Then we must comprehend or understand how
the invasion of the Normans into Great
Britain- known as the land of the Angles, or England
– also changed our mother tongue. The
Normans were from France. In 1066 they conquered
the Angles and the Saxons and made
them slaves. The old English spoken by the Angles
and Saxons survived; however, some
French words were added. These new words helped
to make our language richer. From these
early Frenchmen, for example, the word porc means
“pig”. Today, we use the word pork,
however, only when we speak of the flesh of a pig.
This is because the early French Normans,
as the masters of England, saw the animal only
when it was cooked and served to them on the
dinner table. The Angle and Saxon slaves, however,
who tended the animal while it was alive,
called it pig. So even now the flesh of this particular
animal when eaten is pork, but the animal
itself is known as a pig.
4) And, in turn, we must understand or comprehend
how the French language brought to
England by the Norman conquerors had its roots in
the ancient languages of Greece and Rome.
Many of the words borrowed from the Normans at
this time, for example showed the
relationship of a ruling class to its subjects. Most of
these words can be traced all the way back
to Latin. The word conqueror itself comes from the
old French word conquerre which, in turn,
comes from the Latin word conquarere, which simply
means “to win”.
5) Only by a brief study of these chronological
events and their influences can we comprehend
why the English language we speak today is so rich
in meaning.
What word suggests the time sequence used in the
essay?

-chronological
This refers to the correct presentation of facts and
evidences in writing a passage.
-accuracy
Moreover
-Addition
A hatred for men is called _____________________
-misandry
A combination of fog and industrial smoke, called
smog, has vitiated the air in and around
many big cities.
-spoil
If ' miso' means to hate, then misoneism
mean _____________ of new things.
-hatred
If a person breaks between us in a conversation, we
say that he/ she __________________
-interrupts
Origins of the English Language
1) In starting our study of the English language, we
must know something about its beginnings
or origins. The English language has its beginnings
in many other languages that go far back
into ancient times.
2) We must start our study as far back as the
invasion of two German tribes, the Angles and the
Saxons, into Great Britain. This invasion occurred
about four hundred years after the birth of
Christ. These barbaric tribes overran the island of
Great Britain and introduced a new way of
life. They also introduced new words into the
language that later became the English we speak
and write today. From their Germanic gods, for
example, come the days of the week: Tui, the
god of war (Tuesday); Woden, father of the gods
(Wednesday); Thor, god of Thunder
(Thursday).
3) Then we must comprehend or understand how
the invasion of the Normans into Great
Britain- known as the land of the Angles, or England
– also changed our mother tongue. The
Normans were from France. In 1066 they conquered
the Angles and the Saxons and made
them slaves. The old English spoken by the Angles
and Saxons survived; however, some
French words were added. These new words helped
to make our language richer. From these
early Frenchmen, for example, the word porc means
“pig”. Today, we use the word pork,
however, only when we speak of the flesh of a pig.
This is because the early French Normans,
as the masters of England, saw the animal only
when it was cooked and served to them on the
dinner table. The Angle and Saxon slaves, however,
who tended the animal while it was alive,
called it pig. So even now the flesh of this particular
animal when eaten is pork, but the animal
itself is known as a pig.
4) And, in turn, we must understand or comprehend
how the French language brought to
England by the Norman conquerors had its roots in
the ancient languages of Greece and Rome.
Many of the words borrowed from the Normans at
this time, for example showed the
relationship of a ruling class to its subjects. Most of
these words can be traced all the way back
to Latin. The word conqueror itself comes from the
old French word conquerre which, in turn,
comes from the Latin word conquarere, which simply
means “to win”.
5) Only by a brief study of these chronological
events and their influences can we comprehend
why the English language we speak today is so rich
in meaning.
In vocabulary learning , ‘Conquarrer’ and ‘porc’ are
examples of?
-structural analysis

Their vociferous chatter made me wish I had

earplugs.
- loud
The Great Flood of Noah’s day was caused
by incessant rain that fell for 40 days and nights.   
-non-stop
In ancient times, it was very important to build
castles with ______________ forts.
- impregnable
It restates the main argument in the introductory part
but using other words.
- conclusion
(Write Informal English or Academic English):
Report shows Oregon doing well on "highly
qualified" teacher requirements
EUGENE, Ore. (AP) -- More than 80 percent of
Oregon students last spring were being taught
by teachers who meet the federal
government's new definition of "highly
qualified," according to
a new report by the Oregon Department of
Education.
(Write Informal English or Academic English): Now
Dragon could not fit into his car," Oh! What
am I going to do?" cried Dragon.
-Informal English
Origins of the English Language
1) In starting our study of the English language, we
must know something about its beginnings
or origins. The English language has its beginnings
in many other languages that go far back
into ancient times.
2) We must start our study as far back as the
invasion of two German tribes, the Angles and the
Saxons, into Great Britain. This invasion occurred
about four hundred years after the birth of
Christ. These barbaric tribes overran the island of
Great Britain and introduced a new way of
life. They also introduced new words into the
language that later became the English we speak
and write today. From their Germanic gods, for
example, come the days of the week: Tui, the
god of war (Tuesday); Woden, father of the gods
(Wednesday); Thor, god of Thunder
(Thursday).
3) Then we must comprehend or understand how
the invasion of the Normans into Great
Britain- known as the land of the Angles, or England
– also changed our mother tongue. The
Normans were from France. In 1066 they conquered
the Angles and the Saxons and made
them slaves. The old English spoken by the Angles
and Saxons survived; however, some
French words were added. These new words helped
to make our language richer. From these
early Frenchmen, for example, the word porc means
“pig”. Today, we use the word pork,
however, only when we speak of the flesh of a pig.
This is because the early French Normans,
as the masters of England, saw the animal only
when it was cooked and served to them on the
dinner table. The Angle and Saxon slaves, however,
who tended the animal while it was alive,
called it pig. So even now the flesh of this particular
animal when eaten is pork, but the animal
itself is known as a pig.
4) And, in turn, we must understand or comprehend
how the French language brought to
England by the Norman conquerors had its roots in
the ancient languages of Greece and Rome.
Many of the words borrowed from the Normans at
this time, for example showed the
relationship of a ruling class to its subjects. Most of
these words can be traced all the way back
to Latin. The word conqueror itself comes from the
old French word conquerre which, in turn,
comes from the Latin word conquarere, which simply
means “to win”.
5) Only by a brief study of these chronological
events and their influences can we comprehend
why the English language we speak today is so rich
in meaning.
What kind of reading strategy used in finding the
answer for number 7?

-scanning
A witty statement upon some matter is an
________________
- epigram
Origins of the English Language
1) In starting our study of the English language, we
must know something about its beginnings
or origins. The English language has its beginnings
in many other languages that go far back
into ancient times.
2) We must start our study as far back as the
invasion of two German tribes, the Angles and the
Saxons, into Great Britain. This invasion occurred
about four hundred years after the birth of
Christ. These barbaric tribes overran the island of
Great Britain and introduced a new way of
life. They also introduced new words into the
language that later became the English we speak
and write today. From their Germanic gods, for
example, come the days of the week: Tui, the
god of war (Tuesday); Woden, father of the gods
(Wednesday); Thor, god of Thunder
(Thursday).
3) Then we must comprehend or understand how
the invasion of the Normans into Great
Britain- known as the land of the Angles, or England
– also changed our mother tongue. The
Normans were from France. In 1066 they conquered
the Angles and the Saxons and made
them slaves. The old English spoken by the Angles
and Saxons survived; however, some
French words were added. These new words helped
to make our language richer. From these
early Frenchmen, for example, the word porc means
“pig”. Today, we use the word pork,
however, only when we speak of the flesh of a pig.
This is because the early French Normans,
as the masters of England, saw the animal only
when it was cooked and served to them on the
dinner table. The Angle and Saxon slaves, however,
who tended the animal while it was alive,
called it pig. So even now the flesh of this particular
animal when eaten is pork, but the animal
itself is known as a pig.
4) And, in turn, we must understand or comprehend
how the French language brought to
England by the Norman conquerors had its roots in
the ancient languages of Greece and Rome.
Many of the words borrowed from the Normans at
this time, for example showed the
relationship of a ruling class to its subjects. Most of
these words can be traced all the way back
to Latin. The word conqueror itself comes from the
old French word conquerre which, in turn,
comes from the Latin word conquarere, which simply
means “to win”.
5) Only by a brief study of these chronological
events and their influences can we comprehend
why the English language we speak today is so rich
in meaning.
 Which statement is true based on the definition from
the passage?
-all of the choices
His lucid lectures, along with his clearly presented
explanations, made him a popular
professor.   
A hatred for argument is _______________
-misologye
Many years before, Caesar’s men had tried and
failed to invade Britain. No doubt this
contributed to the xenophobia of the Romans. They
were cautious about strangers who
entered their country.
-fear of foreigners
Origins of the English Language
1) In starting our study of the English language, we
must know something about its beginnings
or origins. The English language has its beginnings
in many other languages that go far back
into ancient times.

2) We must start our study as far back as the

invasion of two German tribes, the Angles and the
Saxons, into Great Britain. This invasion occurred
about four hundred years after the birth of
Christ. These barbaric tribes overran the island of
Great Britain and introduced a new way of
life. They also introduced new words into the
language that later became the English we speak
and write today. From their Germanic gods, for
example, come the days of the week: Tui, the
god of war (Tuesday); Woden, father of the gods
(Wednesday); Thor, god of Thunder
(Thursday).
3) Then we must comprehend or understand how
the invasion of the Normans into Great
Britain- known as the land of the Angles, or England
– also changed our mother tongue. The
Normans were from France. In 1066 they conquered
the Angles and the Saxons and made
them slaves. The old English spoken by the Angles
and Saxons survived; however, some
French words were added. These new words helped
to make our language richer. From these
early Frenchmen, for example, the word porc means
“pig”. Today, we use the word pork,
however, only when we speak of the flesh of a pig.
This is because the early French Normans,
as the masters of England, saw the animal only
when it was cooked and served to them on the
dinner table. The Angle and Saxon slaves, however,
who tended the animal while it was alive,
called it pig. So even now the flesh of this particular
animal when eaten is pork, but the animal
itself is known as a pig.
4) And, in turn, we must understand or comprehend
how the French language brought to
England by the Norman conquerors had its roots in
the ancient languages of Greece and Rome.
Many of the words borrowed from the Normans at
this time, for example showed the
relationship of a ruling class to its subjects. Most of
these words can be traced all the way back
to Latin. The word conqueror itself comes from the
old French word conquerre which, in turn,
comes from the Latin word conquarere, which simply
means “to win”.
5) Only by a brief study of these chronological
events and their influences can we comprehend
why the English language we speak today is so rich
in meaning.
 What is the main idea of the essay?
-The English language has its beginnings in many
other languages that go far back into ancient
times.
He was so impudent to his mother that I would have
punished him if he talked to me that way. 
  
-rude
An important part in a passage that provides
evidences to the thesis statement or main
argument.
- supporting details
Origins of the English Language
1) In starting our study of the English language, we
must know something about its beginnings
or origins. The English language has its beginnings
in many other languages that go far back
into ancient times.
2) We must start our study as far back as the
invasion of two German tribes, the Angles and the
Saxons, into Great Britain. This invasion occurred
about four hundred years after the birth of
Christ. These barbaric tribes overran the island of
Great Britain and introduced a new way of
life. They also introduced new words into the
language that later became the English we speak
and write today. From their Germanic gods, for
example, come the days of the week: Tui, the
god of war (Tuesday); Woden, father of the gods
(Wednesday); Thor, god of Thunder
(Thursday).
3) Then we must comprehend or understand how
the invasion of the Normans into Great
Britain- known as the land of the Angles, or England
– also changed our mother tongue. The
Normans were from France. In 1066 they conquered
the Angles and the Saxons and made
them slaves. The old English spoken by the Angles
and Saxons survived; however, some
French words were added. These new words helped
to make our language richer. From these
early Frenchmen, for example, the word porc means
“pig”. Today, we use the word pork,
however, only when we speak of the flesh of a pig.
This is because the early French Normans,
as the masters of England, saw the animal only
when it was cooked and served to them on the
dinner table. The Angle and Saxon slaves, however,
who tended the animal while it was alive,
called it pig. So even now the flesh of this particular
animal when eaten is pork, but the animal
itself is known as a pig.
4) And, in turn, we must understand or comprehend
how the French language brought to
England by the Norman conquerors had its roots in
the ancient languages of Greece and Rome.
Many of the words borrowed from the Normans at
this time, for example showed the
relationship of a ruling class to its subjects. Most of
these words can be traced all the way back
to Latin. The word conqueror itself comes from the
old French word conquerre which, in turn,
comes from the Latin word conquarere, which simply
means “to win”.
5) Only by a brief study of these chronological
events and their influences can we comprehend
why the English language we speak today is so rich
in meaning.
What transition signal is used in paragraph 3?
- then
(Write Informal English or Academic English):
She's a bit of a loose cannon
-Informal English
Visiting my students’ places is like walking along a
labyrinth of houses with very narrow and
winding streets.
-a maze, a place where it's hard to find your
way around
This is where the main point the author wants to
emphasize in a paragraph is found.
- topic sentence
(Write Informal English or Academic English): They
criticized the government for failing to
allocate enough funding.
-Academic English
First
-Sequence
This is where the author discusses the central idea
and how the discussion will be organized.
-introduction
(Write Informal English or Academic English): Off to
Zamboanga today. Lots to visit there.
-Informal English
Furthermore
- Addition
The ambiguity of Joe’s directions made it almost
impossible to find his house.
-no clear meaning
(Write Informal English or Academic English): We
went to Subic for the weekend. We have a lot
of things to tell you.
-Academic English
The speaker or writer starts by presenting an
argument either explicit or implicit before arriving
at a conclusion.

-subjective
A word is formed from the initial letters or syllables.
-Acronymy
Unity of all sentences in a paragraph.
-cohesion
Supports main arguments with contributions from
literary authorities and references.
- Proofs/ evidences
The process of forming a word from two words or
parts of two words being combined.
- Blending
Caesarean is an example of -
- Folk Or Popular Etymology
twirl comes from the word --
-turn and swirl
A shortened form of a word.
- clipping
lab comes from the word -
-Laboratory
The word undergoes changes in meaning to make it
more like a familiar word.
-Blending
It is presenting the ideas and sentences in a logical
way.
- coherence
A word combination of two or three words put
together to form a new word with a meaning
different from its parts.
- Clipping
A scientific type of argumentative text based on a
given data from bibliographic references of
relevant authors.
-objective
Is defined as justifying an opinion or thesis through
reasoning with the aim of changing the
views of other person.
-Argumentation
Tigon is an example of --
- Blending
Is presented in the thesis statement.
- Proposition
LASER stands for --
- Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of
Radiation
A type of discourse concerned with presentation and
evaluation of arguments to persuade and
convince the audience.
-Argumentative Text
Aimed to refute the arguments or ideas against the
main thesis to be developed.
- negative argument
A word is cut either at the beginning or at the end.
- Clipping
It involves exposition, explanation, definition or
interpretation of a given issue.
-objective
The speaker or writer desire to communicate certain
ideas to provoke the audience.
- subjective
Aimed to reinforce the truth of the thesis based on
relevant authors, personal experience or
analogy.
- positive argument
Opposite thoughts other side of the issue of the
argument are presented.
-Refutation
A type of argumentative text found in research
documents experiments and field reports