Cambodia and Vietnam

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3
ANCIENT STRUCTURES IN
VIETNAM AND
CAMBODIA
Presented by:
Bulasag, Ileana R. Napiza, Gabriel Angelo I.
Escauriaga, Ralph Rex Andrei Peregrino, Reddish Marie G.
Mapanao, Marielle Angela S. Perez, Jennifer D.
Mengua, Gem Lester T. Rufuerzo, Jonnel Marc M.
CAMBODIA
GEOGRAPHICAL
INFLUENCE
GEOGRAPHICAL INFLUENCE OF CAMBODIA
Ancient Name: Kambuja
Kambuchea: Cambodia in Khmer Language
Khmer : also known as Cambodian, is the
language of the Khmer people
Borders
Gulf of thailand, Vietnam, and Laos (Thailand to the
north west, Laos to the North east, and Vietnam to
the east and southeast)
Phnom Penh- is the capital and most populous
city of Cambodia.
Area: 181, 040 square km (69,900 square miles )
Land: 176,520 Square Kilometers
Water: 4,520 Square Kilometers
Topography : primarily of flat, low-lying
plains that are drained by the Tonle Sap
(Lake) and the Mekong and Bassac Rivers.
Mekong River-
the longest river in
southeast asia
(about 2,700 miles
(4,350 km)
Tonle Sap “Large Fresh Water River” or “Great Lake” – (It belongs to
the Mekong River system.) It is the largest freshwater lake in Southeast
Asia and one of the most diverse and productive ecosystems in the
world.
THE DANGREK MOUNTAINS (NORTH)
THE CENTRAL LOWLANDS ARE
CHARACTERIZED BY SEEMINGLY
ENDLESS, FLAT RICE PADDIES,
FIELDS OF REEDS AND TALL GRASS,
AND FIELDS OF CULTIVATED CROPS
THE CARDAMOM
MOUNTAINS (SOUTHWEST)
THE DAMREI
MOUNTAINS
(SOUTH)
GEOLOGICAL
INFLUENCE
GEOLOGICAL INFLUENCE OF CAMBODIA
At the beginning of civilization around the globe, people were living in
caves, developing stonemaking techniques, hunting, and creating highly
artistic pottery. By the time settlersreached the 1st century, they had
begun to create complexes, defying religious separations, organizing
societies, etc. During the Angkor period of the Khmer empire, the Khmers
produced their form of architecture.
The Khmer empire was a powerful kingdom

The three architectural styles were:
Sambor Prei Kuk style (610-650)
Prei Khmeng style (635-700)
Kompong Preah style (700- 800).
Historical sculptures were made from sandstone 

Historical structures were made mainly from brick, sandstone, wood
and laterite
THE CORBEL
SPAN OF SPEAN
PRAPTOS
Also known as Kampong Kdei Bridge
Angkor to Phnom Penh, Cambodia
made of bricks
TA KEO TEMPLE
Angkor, Cambodia

made of sandstone
PRE RUP TEMPLE
Angkor, Cambodia

made of laterite
PRESENT
The principal building
material for rural houses of
present Cambodia is timber

They also use :

Bamboo
Thatch
Adobe Bricks
Glass bottles (for lighthing
features)
CLIMATIC
INFLUENCE
CLIMATE INFLUENCE OF CAMBODIA
Cambodia is a tropical
country, it’s located just
a smidge above the
equator with usual
temperature ranging of
21 C to 35 C.
In Cambodia, a
southeast asian country
overlooking the gulf of
Thailand, the climate is
tropical, hot all year
round, with a rainy
season.
Cambodia has 2 seasons
Dry season- Cambodia's dry season lasts from October to April, when the dry
north-east monsoon arrives, characterized by hot wind blowing across the
entire country.
Wet season- Cambodia's wet season comes courtesy of the southwest
monsoon and lasts from May to October.
Materials
Khmer master craftsmen used brick, sandstone, laterite
and wood for their main structures. However, the wood
elements having been lost due to destructive processes
so the ruins remain of brick, sandstone and laterite.
BRICK
- is the main material to construct the earliest Angkorian temples such
as Preah Ko, Lolei, Bakong. Decorations were not carved directly into
the brick, but through a stucco applied to the brick because brick is soft
material. Brick doesn't retain heat, but insulates against it, and its
porosity helps retain early morning moisture which evaporates to cool
at midday.
SANDSTONE
- used by Angkorian builders
were obtained from the Kulen
plateau, the closest to Angkor
being some 30 kilometers away.
Takeo is possibly the first
Angkorian temple to be built
entirely in sandstones, which
were cut into a regular size and
placed in position. Sandstone is
a versatile and durable material
that is used for construction to
landscaping.
LATERITE
-was used for foundations and other hidden parts of buildings due to its
characteristic. When taken from the ground, it is soft but become
harder when exposed to the sun. Laterite was used in the underlying
layers of Angkor Wat and other large temples where the water level
was high. This material could absorb and strengthen temples’ stability.
RELIGOUS
INFLUENCE
RELIGOUS INFLUENCE OF CAMBODIA
BUDDHISM
Cambodia is predominantly Buddhist with 80% of the population being
Theravada Buddhist, 1% Christian and the majority of the remaining
population follow Islam, atheism, or animism.
CHRISTIANITY
was introduced into Cambodia by Roman Catholic
missionaries in 1660. It made little headway at
first, particularly among Buddhists. In 1972 there
were probably about 20,000 Christians in
Cambodia, most of whom were Roman Catholics.
According to Vatican statistics, in 1953, members
of the Roman Catholic Church in Cambodia
numbered 120,000, making it at that time the
second largest religion in the country.
ANCIENT KHMER ARCHITECTURE
Also known as Angkorian architecture,

ancient Khmer architecture was produced
by the Khmers during the Angkorian era
of the Khmer Empire, which flourished
from approximately the 9th to 15th
centuries.
Angkor Wat – the most outstanding religious architecture during the
Angkorian era of the Khmer Empire.
NAGA BRIDGE : There is a nine headed

serpent in the shape of a fan is adorned
on each side of the bridge leading to
entrance gate of temples in Angkor. The
naga’s whole body extends the length of
the bridge, forming a barrier over the
edge of the bridge. This representation
may symbolize the transition from the
world of men to the world of the gods, and
reinforced by Indra’s presence.
ANCIENT
STRUCTURES
ANCIENT STRUCTURES OF CAMBODIA
1.GOPURA
An entrance building. At Angkor, passage through the enclosure
walls surrounding a temple compound is frequently accomplished
by means of an impressive gopura.
2.HALL OF DANCERS
Hall of Dancers is a
structure of a type found in
certain late 12th century
temples constructed under
King Jayavarman VII: Ta
Prohm, Preah Khan,
Banteay Kdei, and Banteay
Chhmar. It is a rectangular
building elongated along
the temple's east axis and
divided into four
courtyards by galleries.
3.HOUSE OF FIRE
Also called
Dharmasala, is the
name given to a type
of building found only
in temples constructed
during the late 12th
century. A House of
Fire has thick walls, a
tower at the west end
and south-facing
windows.
4.LIBRARY
A common feature of
Khmer temple
architecture. Their
true purpose is
unknown but they
most likely functioned
as religious shrines
rather than
repositories of
manuscripts.
4.SRAH AND BARAY
Srah and Baray were reservoirs created by excavation and
embankment. The largest reservoirs at Angkor were the West
Baray and East Baray located on either side of Angkor Thom
5. TEMPLE MOUNTAIN
An architectural
representation of Mount
Meru, the home of Gods in
Hindu mythology
The dominant scheme for
the construction of state
temples in the Angkorian
period
6. PRANG : It is a richly carved

tower-like spire. This structure has
receding size as it ascends, which
reminds of Indic shikhara of Hindu
temple.
7. ENCLOSURE : A
concentric series of
walls surrounded
Khmer temples
represent the mountain
ranges surrounding
Mount Meru
8. GALLERY : is a
passageway lining along the
walls defining the Khmer
temples’ enclosures or
temple’s axis.
TEMPLES
9. PHNOM BAKHENG
Created by Yasovarman 1, dedicated to Shiva
Atop a steep hill, representing Mount Meru
9. PHNOM BAKHENG
Shrines and guardian lions
adorn the seven levels of
terraces that make up the
pyramid; decreasing in size
towards the top of the
temple, these enhance the
impression of the temple’s
height. Five shrines on the
top platform, arranged in a
quincunx formation,
represent the five peaks of
Mount Meru
10. PRASAT KRAVAN

Prasat Kravan is a Hindu
temple at Angkor and
located in the east of Angkor
Wat. The walls are
artificially carved with bas-
reliefs representing Vishnu
and his consort, Lakshmi.
10. PRASAT KRAVAN

The temple consists of a
line of five brick towers
built closely together set
atop a low platform
oriented towards the
East. It was completed
during the reign of
Harshavarman 1.
11.PHIMEANAKAS
Phimeanakas or Prasat Phimean Akas
is a relatively small temple pyramid,
35 m long and 28 m wide and 12 m
high, within the compound of the
Royal Palace in Angkor Thom. It was
built in the tenth century in the
Khleang style.
Also called "Celestial Palace" ; A
legendary site where the king has a
nightly union with the Naga (serpent
goddess)
11.PHIMEANAKAS
Around 200 years
after its
construction, the
temple was
swallowed up by the
city temple of Angkor
Thom. It now sits
atmospherically
hidden among the
trees that
subsequently
swallowed the city.
12.TA KEO
Built around 1000 AD by Jayavarman V, dedicated to Shiva
The first Angkorian Monument built entirely of sandstone
12.TA KEO
No one is certain why the
work was never completed
but according to
inscriptions, the temple
was struck by lightning
during construction which
may have been seen as a
bad omen and thus, led to
its abandonment.
13. ANGKOR WAT
Angkor Wat is an enormous
Buddhist temple complex
located in northern Cambodia.
It was originally built in the
first half of the 12th century as
a Hindu temple. Spread across
more than 400 acres, Angkor
Wat is said to be the largest
religious monument in the
world.
Its name, which translates to
“temple city”
13. ANGKOR WAT

It was “rediscovered” in
1840s by the French explorer
Henri Mouhot, who wrote
that the site was “grander
than anything left to us by
Greece or Rome.”
The compliment can likely be
attributed to the temple’s
design, which is supposed to
represent Mount Meru, the
home of the gods.
14. PREAH KHAN
Preah Khan was built in the 12th century by King Jayavarman VII,
with the goal of honoring his father, King Dharanindravarman II
It was once an important temple complex that simultaneously
served as a city, a temple, and a Buddhist university.
14. PREAH KHAN
One of the most interesting aspects
of the temple is the Preah Khan
stele, which is a carving 2 meters
by 0.6 meters that features
inscriptions on all four sides.
Preah Khan’s architecture is
intricately decorated, especially
the outer wall, which is adorned
with five-meter-tall Garudas that
are frozen in battle with fighting
Naga snakes. A moat surrounds
this outer wall.
15. BAYON
Dedicated to Buddha by King
Jayavarman VII, this state
temple was originally called
“Jayagiri” (which means
“Victory Mountain”
was renamed “Banyan

Temple”
15. BAYON
The tranquil stone faces of
Bayon are some of the most
recognizable images from
the Angkor Archeological
Par
Also known as "face temple"

THE ROYAL
PALACE
16. THE ROYAL PALACE
Was begun by King Norodom I
Has four gates facing four cardinal points
1. North - Funeral Gate
2. East - Victory Gate
3. West - Executing gate
4. South - Commoners gate
17. THRONE HALL

The Throne Hall is the main
building of the Royal Palace.
built the first one by wood, but
it was destroyed in 1915
Its roof contains seven tiers
and is marked on the top with a
59m-high four-face tower.
Roof was covered with tiles in
three color such as orange,
sapphire and green.
18. MOONLIGHT PAVILLION

Open pavilion in Khmer style
topped with a golden central
spire.
The pavilion is used for
Khmer classical dance
performances and Royal
banquets.
The King stands in the
Moonlight Pavilion when
addressing the Cambodian
people.
19. THE SILVER

PAGODA
also known as Wat
Preah Keo
Located on the South
side of the palace
complex.
The name of the
pagoda comes from the
silver floor inside,
which has almost
5,000 silver tiles
weighing over 5 tons.
16. THE SILVER PAGODA

Emerald Buddha temple -
The main building in the
Silver Pagoda compound is
the Emerald Buddha temple,
in Cambodian known as Preah
Vihear Preah Keo Morakot.
20. KHEMARIN PALACE

The royal residence of the
King, the Khemarin palace
has an amazingly designed
single spired prang which
adds to the beauty of the
palace.
VIETNAM
GEOGRAPHICAL
INFLUENCE
GEOGRAPHICAL INFLUENCE OF VIETNAM
Borders
The Gulf of Tonkin, Gulf of Thailand,
and Pacific Ocean, along with China,
Laos, and Cambodia :

Area: 127,880 Square Miles
331,210 Square Kilometers
Land: 310,070 Square Kilometers
Water: 21,140 Square Kilometers
Terrain: low, flat delta in south and
north; central highlands; hilly,
mountainous in far north and
northwest.
Two major deltas: the Red River
delta in the north and the Mekong
delta in the south.

Red River Delta - is the country’s most densely populated
region
Delta Region is seasonally flooded, a complex network of dikes
and levees helps to prevent serious flood damage.

Mekong delta- the region in southwestern Vietnam where the Mekong
River approaches and empties into the sea through a network of
distributaries.
GEOLOGICAL
INFLUENCE
GEOLOGICAL INFLUENCE OF VIETNAM
One of the outstanding things to
foreigners is the architecture that
reflects a part of Vietnamese culture.
Although Vietnam architecture was
influenced by Chinese and Western
styles due to the colonial time but we
also created our unique architecture.
And after wars, the refinement of
Vietnamese architecture continues to
be well presented in the Hanoi Old
Quarter, Vietnam ethnic stilt houses,
and a myriad of temples and pagodas,
communal houses, ancient villages
across the country.
In particular, the development of Vietnam architecture is different in
each period of history. The original Vietnamese design ought to be
originated from the Hung Kings dynasty.
They designed their house in two shapes:
one was boat formed
tortoise – shell-shaped.
LY DYNASTY
ARCHITECTURE
In the 11th century,
the Ly dynasty
opened a new epoch
for architecture
during the developing
feudal state.
Generally, the Ly
dynasty’s
architecture was five
orthodox styles:
citadels, palaces,
castles, pagodas, and
LY DYNASTY TYPICAL ROOF
houses.
TRAN DYNASTY
ARCHITECTURE
The popular works
under Tran Dynasty
were pagoda, house,
temple, and citadel.
PHO MINH TOWER

LE DYNASTY
ARCHITECTURE

Under King Le's reign,

the orthodox architecture
was a royal palace and
royal tomb.
BUT THAP PAGODA

NGUYEN DYNASTY
ARCHITECTURE

The project in Hue was

developed, especially,
garden - house complex.
THE PAVILION OF THE CONSTELLATION OF LITERATURE

(KHUE VAN CAC) IN THE TEMPLE OF LITERATURE.
VIETNAM COLONIAL
ARCHITECTURE

Architecturally, the
French left their mark
throughout Vietnam
HANOI OPERA HOUSE

MODERN
ARCHITECTURE IN
VIETNAM

This type of architecture

could be formed from the
mid-20th century, after
the exit of Vietnam's
colonial period from the
French.
BITEXCO FINANCIAL TOWER

CLIMATIC
INFLUENCE
CLIMATE INFLUENCE OF VIETNAM
Vietnam has both a tropical climate zone and a temperate climate
zone, with all of the country experiencing the effects of the annual
monsoon. Rainy seasons correspond to monsoon circulations,
which bring heavy rainfall in the north and south from May to
October, and in the central regions from September to January.
Vietnam has a monsoon-influenced climate typical of that of
mainland Southeast Asia.
The diverse topography, long latitude (Vietnam spans over 15° of

latitude), and influences from the South China Sea lead to climatic
conditions varying significantly between regions.
SEASONS IN VIETNAM
Dry season- generally runs from December to May
Wet season- lasts from May until early November with the months
from June, July & August receiving the highest rainfall of the year
MATERIALS
Traditional Vietnamese Architecture
Traditional houses in Vietnam were

characterized by wooden structures
topped by steep roofs. The roofs would be
covered with fish-scale tiles and curve
outwards, while beams and rafters held
up the main building. In some places, stilt
houses were built and the houses usually
had an odd number of rooms.
MATERIALS
WOOD
is an ideal material for warmer climates which are more likely to be humid. In
environments that have hot, humid days, but cool nights, it's important to
find materials that will be lightweight and have a low thermal mass.
FISH SCALE TILES
The weight of tile shingles is much less weight compared with other roofing
material, so it reduces the requirement for load-bearing support of roofing.
Advantages
· Water-resistant.
· Frost-proof.
· Resistant to heat, fire and UV rays.
· Great at withstanding sudden temperature changes.
· Low-maintenance and long life span.
· Known for reflecting light in a compelling, prism-like way.
RELIGOUS
INFLUENCE
RELIGOUS INFLUENCE OF VIETNAM
CONFUCIANISM
This doctrine was worked out

by Confucius at the end of the
6th. century BC, a philosophy
having ethical, religious, and
political characters. It played a
dominant role in China and a
number of Asian countries.
THE TEMPLE OF LITERATURE AND THE PEN-BRUSH TOWER

TAOISM
Lao Tzu, the founder of Taoism

was a contemporary of
Confucius, Taoism was
introduced into Vietnam during
the period of Chinese rule and
gained strong influence during
the reign of King Dinh Tien
Hoang
DAI TONG LAM PAGODA

BUDDHISM
Buddhism increased its
influence among the population
as evidenced by the widespread
presence of Buddhist pagodas,
large and small. The
development of Confucianism,
Taoism, and Buddhism in
Vietnam led to the construction
of pagodas, shrines, and
temples.
KEO PAGODA
CHRISTIANITY
The establishment of French
rule in Vietnam, Christianity
could develop favorably, with a
rapid increase in local
followers and the building of
Catholic churches in the cities
and in various rural areas.
NOTRE DAME CATHEDRAL OF SAIGON

ANCIENT
STRUCTURES
ANCIENT STRUCTURES OF VIETNAM
1. TRAN QUOC PAGODA, HANOI
Considered one of the best temples in
Vietnam, Tran Quoc Pagoda
The oldest Pagoda in Hanoi city
First temple built under King Ly Nam De
(541 - 545)
was called Khai Quoc (National Founder)
Pagoda
Named as Tran Quoc (National Defense) by
King Le Hy Tong and was in Tay Ho district
(by the end of the 17th)
Resembles that of ancient temples in Hanoi
The first unique feature is the entrance of the
pagoda
THE THREE MAIN HOUSES:
- Tien Duong (the Front House)
- Nha To (the Ancestor House)
- Nha Bia (the Stele House)
THE HIGHLIGHT OF TRAN
QUOC PAGODA

THE MAIN PAGODA

15 m high
11-story
6 arched doorways, with a
statue on each floor
On top of the stupa is a nine-
story lotus
BODHI TREE WITH HEART-
SHAPED LEAVES A complete system of statues
is still preserved

Statues of Three Sages and

ancestor monks of the
pagoda
Statue of Buddha entering

Nirvana - evaluated as the
most beautiful statue in
Vietnam
2. CAO DAI TEMPLE, TAY

NINH
founded in 1926-1955
Prayers are conducted four
times daily in the Great
Temple
Watching Caodiasts pray is
one of the main activities
The construction is a
combination of Oriental,
Neo-Gothic, and Baroque
design.
3. BAI DINH PAGODA, NINH BINH
a lot of records
testament to the persistent vitality
of Buddhism in the spiritual life of
Vietnamese people.
one of the national historical and
cultural relics in the ancient capital
Temple architecture featured with
large cubes, majestic imprints of
Vietnam
Main attractions of Bai Dinh pagoda
are Tam Quan gate, bell tower, the
Quan Am, Phap Chu, Tam The
palaces
4. TEMPLE OF LITERATURE,
HANOI
Was built to teach and
worship Confucius and the
talented Confucian scholars.
This site was built in 1070
by King Ly Thanh Tong.
Education here began in
1076.
It is considered as one of the
most famous and best
temples in Vietnam.
54,000sqm
4. TEMPLE OF LITERATURE, HANOI
It is divided into 5 separate areas.
Dai Trung Mon Khue Van Cac
Dai Thanh Mon
Thien Quang Well
The Grounds of Imperial Academy
5. THIEN MU PAGODA, HUE

built in 1601 during the reign of King
Nguyen Hoang.
The oldest temple in the land of the capital
city with works that retain the beauty from
the beginning
A symbol associated with its image is Phuoc
Duyen.
5. THIEN MU PAGODA, HUE
Thien Mu pagoda’s architectural works:
Dai Hung Palace
Ksitigarbha Palace
Quan Am Palace, etc
together with stelae and bronze bells
6. VAN THUY TU TEMPLE, BINH
THUAN PROVINCE
Established by fishermen Thuy Tu in
1762 to worship him (whale)
Whales are the embodiment of a god
named Nam Hai
All the rafters, pillars, compartments
are derived from the top of the four
pillars; Wood structure systems are
selected from precious woods, the
details are assembled elaborately and
meticulously carved.
Dinh Van Thuy Tu has ancient
architecture still in its original state,
preserving a lot of Han-Nom cultural
heritage related to the fishery
7. THIEN HAU TEMPLE, HO CHI
MINH CITY
Built in 1760 and was recognized
as a national architectural and
artistic vestige in 1993.
Style of ancient Chinese pagodas
from patterns, architecture to
construction materials.
Antiques (late 18th century to the
early 20th century)
Thien Tinh - collect light, air,
and smoke
7. THIEN HAU TEMPLE, HO CHI MINH CITY
Structure and Architecture of Thien Hau
Outside Inside
7. THIEN HAU TEMPLE, HO CHI MINH CITY
Structure and Architecture of Thien Hau
Highlights
8. JADE EMPEROR PAGODA,
HO CHI MINH CITY
Location: 73 Mai Thi Luu Street,
Da Kao, District 1, Ho Chi Minh
The temple was originally the
Jade Emperor's temple built by a
man named Luu Minh (from
Guangdong, China) in the early
20th century in the style of
Chinese architecture. In 1984,
the Jade Emperor Pagoda was
renamed, Phuoc Hai. However,
people still used to call it Jade
Emperor
9. PERFUME PAGODA, HANO
Location: Huong Son, My Duc,
Hanoi
Around 60 kilometers southwest
of Hanoi, Perfume Pagoda is one
among the largest and unique
religious sites in Huong Son
Commune, My Duc District, old
Ha Tay (or enlarged Hanoi),
right banks of Day River,
northern Việt Nam. This pagoda
is also one of the most famous
pagodas and temples in Vietnam.
10. GIAC LAM PAGODA, HO CHI MINH CITY

Location: 565 Lac Long Quan, Ward 10, Tan
Binh, Ho Chi Minh
The pagoda was built by layman Ly Thuy Long in
the spring of 1744 during the reign of Lord
Nguyen Phuc Khoat. Initially, the pagoda was
named Son Can (painted mountain, cang is a
shallow mound), later known as Cam Son
because the pagoda was located on Cam Son
mound.
11. ONE PILLAR PAGODA,
HANOI
Location: One Pillar Pagoda, Doi
Can, Ba Dinh, Hanoi
According to Vietnam history, it is
one of the best temples in Vietnam
which was built by King Ly Thai
Tong in the winter of 1049.
The architecture of the unique One
Pillar Pagoda is "unique". The
temple is shaped like a lotus
flower blooming on the water - a
flower symbolizing the purity and
nobility of Buddhism.
12. KEO PAGODA, THAI BINH
PROVINCE
Location: Duy Nhat commune, Vu
Thu district, Thai Binh province,
Vietnam
According to research from the
Management Board of Thai Binh
Province Relics, this pagoda has
an ancient origin from the temple
named Nghiem Quang Tu, built on
Keo village land in 1061 years of
King Ly Thanh Tong.
13. QUAN CONG TEMPLE, QUANG NAM

PROVINCE
Location:24 Tran Phu, Cam Chau, Hoi
An, Quang Nam
The architecture of the Guan Gong
Temple consists of four buildings, a
vestibule, two left-wing areas, and a
large hall. Four buildings were built in
the form of an aperture to avoid
overlapping structure. Its roof tiles are
uniquely decorated with elaborate
dragon motifs.
14. LINH UNG TEMPLE, DA NANG

Location: Son Beach on Son Tra
Peninsula, Son Tra District, Da Nang
Linh Ung Pagoda is built in a modern
style combined with the inherent
tradition of temples in Vietnam. The
main hall of Linh Ung Pagoda is built
with a curved tile roof. The solid pillars
of the main hall are also surrounded by
intricate carvings of dragons.
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3
ANCIENT STRUCTURES IN
VIETNAM AND
CAMBODIA
Presented by:
Bulasag, Ileana R. Napiza, Gabriel Angelo I.
Escauriaga, Ralph Rex Andrei Peregrino, Reddish Marie G.
Mapanao, Marielle Angela S. Perez, Jennifer D.
Mengua, Gem Lester T. Rufuerzo, Jonnel Marc M.

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HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

the Mekong River system.) It is the largest freshwater lake in Southeast

The Khmer empire was a powerful kingdom

Historical sculptures were made from sandstone 

They also use :

ANCIENT KHMER ARCHITECTURE

Also known as Angkorian architecture,

NAGA BRIDGE : There is a nine headed

6. PRANG : It is a richly carved

10. PRASAT KRAVAN

10. PRASAT KRAVAN

13. ANGKOR WAT

was renamed “Banyan

Also known as "face temple"

17. THRONE HALL

18. MOONLIGHT PAVILLION

19. THE SILVER

16. THE SILVER PAGODA

20. KHEMARIN PALACE

and Pacific Ocean, along with China,

Laos, and Cambodia :

north; central highlands; hilly,

mountainous in far north and

delta in the north and the Mekong

delta in the south.

and levees helps to prevent serious flood damage.

River approaches and empties into the sea through a network of

PHO MINH TOWER

Under King Le's reign,

BUT THAP PAGODA

The project in Hue was

THE PAVILION OF THE CONSTELLATION OF LITERATURE

HANOI OPERA HOUSE

This type of architecture

BITEXCO FINANCIAL TOWER

The diverse topography, long latitude (Vietnam spans over 15° of

Traditional Vietnamese Architecture

Traditional houses in Vietnam were

This doctrine was worked out

THE TEMPLE OF LITERATURE AND THE PEN-BRUSH TOWER

Lao Tzu, the founder of Taoism

DAI TONG LAM PAGODA

NOTRE DAME CATHEDRAL OF SAIGON

THE MAIN PAGODA

Statues of Three Sages and

Statue of Buddha entering

2. CAO DAI TEMPLE, TAY

5. THIEN MU PAGODA, HUE

10. GIAC LAM PAGODA, HO CHI MINH CITY

13. QUAN CONG TEMPLE, QUANG NAM

14. LINH UNG TEMPLE, DA NANG

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