1.

a. Obligation – It is a “must” thing that a person is obliged to do or bound to do if he/she

have violated, disobeyed, and broke a legal contract or anything that has been made,
decided and agreed legally. Also, if a person have caused harm and damaged to other
people and even properties, he or she is obliged to be liable for all these things whether
he/she likes it or not.
b. Quasi – contract – It is not a contract at all, because it is made or created by law,
without the involved parties or people in the case consents or there is no legal or
formal agreement made; the parties must have entered or do a formal agreement.
Quasi-contract is created without any written contract and just by a court order to avoid
injustice because it happens when there’s a party benefited unintended from another
party’s expense.
c. Compliance in good faith –It is the act of conforming or complying of what have
been agreed in the contract. Compliance in good faith prevents injustice.
d. Solutio indebiti – It is a kind of quasi-contract which is created when a person received
something isn’t his/hers and he/she has to pay it, or in other words he/she pays for
something delivered by mistake
e. Damages – It is a result of harming, breaking, hurting, or losing anything or
something, it could be a person or a thing. Damage in a person is a result of mentally,
physically or emotionally harming or hurting him/her through physical or verbal ways.
While in a thing, it is the result of breaking or losing it making it useless.

     2.  What are the requisites of an obligation?  Give an example to illustrate them.
There are four essential requisites of an obligation namely: (1) a passive subject (called as
debtor or obligor); (2) an active subject (called creditor or oblige); (3) object or prestation
(subject matter of obligation); and (4) a juridical or legal tie (also called efficient cause). To
illustrate these requisites here’s an example: RJ and JA made a contract that JA will buy RJ an
iPhone worth Php 70,000. Here, JA is the debtor and RJ is the creditor, the iPhone is the object
or prestation, and the contract or agreement connects the parties to the obligation. Suppose
that JA already bought the phone and hand it to RJ, it was in the agreement that RJ will pay it
when she already have it. JA, then, becomes the active subject or creditor and RJ, the passive
subject or the debtor.

     3.  Why are obligations under the Civil Code a juridical necessity?  Explain.
Obligations under the Civil Code are juridical necessity because, if the legal contracts or
agreement has been violated by parties or they don’t comply with the agreements there is/ are
punishments/ consequences set by the law or board of justice for them. Thus, the debtor must
comply with his obligation whether he/ she likes it or not.

     4.   What are the elements or requisites in order that a person may acquire a right of action in
court against another to enforce the performance of the latter’s obligation?
A person’s legal right to demand what is his / her right and what he/she deserves may
acquire that person a right of action in court against another to enforce the performance of the
latter’s obligation. Also, the act of omission in breach or violation of said right by the defendant,
he/ she must take an action to recover all the damages and must be liable for any injury or
damage he/she have done.

  5.  May a person incur obligations even without entering into a contract or voluntary
agreement?  Explain.
Yes, because even without contract if you have done against the law, such as crimes or
you have done something that harmed, injured, and damaged people and/ or properties you have
the obligation to fix and mend it. A person is still liable for all the things and actions that he/ she
have done wrongfully to others.

    6.    While the car of Mr.  X was parked by the road side, it was bumped at the rear by a jeep
owned by Mr. Y.  Only the car of Mr. X suffered damages.  Under the circumstances, does it
follow that Mr. Y is liable for the damage?
Yes, Mr. Y is liable for the damage of Mr. X’s car. Because he is the one who bumped
into it and even it is an accident and there is no signed contract between them, it is obviously that
Mr. Y should be the one who is liable for it, because it is his negligence. If he did not bumped
into Mr. X’s car, it would not be damaged.