lopment -Coastal Village Ad" for Land Raising 4, = All observed soft spots or loose zones should be compacted in place or excavated to firm soil and replaced with properly compacted fil = Receive fill areas should be proof rolled and inspected after clearing and grubbing, soft spots or loose zones. 7.2.2. Subgrade Preparation and Compaction Criteria ‘The following are requirements of fil placement and compaction: = Fill material shall be placed in lifts not exceeding 200mm in loose depth. = Compacting shall begin only after the fil has been properly placed and material to be compacted within 3%, plus or minus of the optimum moisture content as determined by ASTM D-1557, For asphalt pavement subgrade, fill shall be compacted to 85% relative density for cohesionless solls or 95% of the maximum density as determined by ASTM D-1857 for cohesive materials. As per SAES-Q-006 where existing subgrade materials have a CBR of 5 or less, a sub base with a minimum CBR of 15 shall be provided with a minimum thickness of 20cm. CBR shall be determined by ASTM D 1883 at 95% compaction to ASTM D 1557 or AASHTO T 180, This sub base should not be considered as MOT sub base class A or B unless it meets the requirement defined in Tables 4, 5 and 6 of SAES-Q-006. 7.3. Protection of found: Sulfate altack to concrete is a welldocumented phenomenon and is caused by the presence of high Sulfate content coming from either the ingress of the Sulfate of the surrounding environment, such as, foundations soils or by the presence of Sulfate in the concrete ingredients such as sand or aggregate, or both. The attack results in a considerable internal expansion which may lead to cracking and disintegration of the concrete, It should be noted that practical experience has indicated that mixes having both minimum, ‘cement content and maximum free water to cement ratio may result in concrete of low level of workability, such that full compaction to achieve dense concrete to resist chemical attack cannot be easily achieved. It may be therefore, practical to increase the cement content while maintaining the recommended water fo cement ratio in order to obtain the appropriate workability to achieve full compaction of the concrete Buried reinforced concrete is susceptible to deterioration by chemical attack if the chemicals are in a solution form, and above a certain concentration. The two major types of chemical attack are due to sulfate and chloride concentrations in the ground as per SAES Q-001 and based on the results of chemical analysis conducted on the subsurface form actions following are our recommendation for foundation; Type of Cement: | + Pozzolan or slag © Minimum Cement Content: 350 kgim3. + Maximum Water Cement Ratio: 0.4. * Minimum Concrete Cover: 7.5 om. * Minimum compressive strength of concrete fc = 32 MPa + Bitumen tanking membrane on the concrete surface. '$19000221-Rev.0-Final Report Page 14 of 32lopment -Coastal Village Ad" for Land Raising 4, Cement below grade concrete should conform to Saudi ARAMCO Specification SAES-Q- 001. Concrete should be densified using vibrators. Minimum concrete cover for reinforcement of foundations should be 75 mm (SAES Q-001). Concrete placed upon and below grade shall be as follows: = Plasticized sheet vapor barrier, minimum 0.25 mm (10 mils) in thickness, shall be placed beneath slabs on grade. Outdoor sidewalks are exempted from this Fequirement, Foundations shall have either a plasticized vapor barrier, minimum 0.25 mm in thickness or 50 mm sub-slab placed beneath the concrete. = Plasticized sheet vapor barrier, minimum 0.25 mm (10 mils) in thickness or a 50 mm. sub-siab (lean concrete) shall be placed beneath concrete foundations. = Plasticized sheet vapor barrier shall be placed below and around the sides of concrete that is placed directly into excavation without the use of formwork, where coal tar or bitumen coating cannot be applied, In addition, to provide a physical barrier to chloride migration and chloride attack of reinforcing steel, consideration should be given to the use of concrete coatings such as coal tar or bitumen that conforms to APCS-3 or APCS-10 of SAES-H-101. Epoxy coated steel reinforcing may be considered for use but caution should be exercised since poor handling and steel fixing can result in damage to the coating 7.4 Protection of Utilities It is necessary that all the utility lines (water, sewage, oil pipelines and cables, etc.) be protected against corrosion due to presence of deleterious salts in the soil materials used for backfilling of utility trenches. Such protection can be provided by coating all the utility lines with bitumen / epoxy paint. Waterproofing membrane or tanking shall be applied on all underground concrete surfaces. It is recommended to conduct a drainage system for the underground water by providing perforated pipes system at foundation level around the buildings. For protection specifically required for certain underground utilities the specifications of the manufacture of such utility should be followed. 7.5 Protection of Slopes Soil particles are susceptible to being detached and carried away with concentrated runoff streams, forming rills and gullies that grow with time, The slope integrity is diminished, eroding the slope face and becoming a larger environmental and safely issue. Slopes steeper than the natural angle of repose for the slope materials require additional protection measures, as are slopes subject to more severe hydraulic stresses, EnviroGrid effectively holds slope cover materials in place, thus reducing the potential for erosion. Cell walls check the runoff streams associated with rainfall, keeping the overall system intact. The infill material also rests within individual cells, allowing for much higher angles of repose. EnviroGrid filled with soil promotes vegetation as both another source of reinforcement and natural aesthetics. Overall effectiveness of the system is increased with the plant roots integrated into the grid system 7.6 Pavements and Slabs-on-Grade Subgrade suitability as per SAES-Q-006 section 4.3, where existing subgrade materials have a CBR of 5 or less, a sub-base with a minimum CBR of 15 shall be provided with a minimum Thickness of 20cm, CBR shall be determined by ASTM D 1883 at 95% compaction to ASTM D 1557 or AASHTO T 180. This sub-base should not be considered as MOT sub-base class A or B unless it meets the requirement defined in Tables 4, 5 and 6 of SAES.Q-006. '$19000221-Rev.0-Final Report Page 15 of 32